英语专业语言学历年真题试卷汇编14_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编15
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编15(总分：52.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、简答题(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle.（南开大学2004研)A: When is the bus coming?B: There has been an accident further up the road.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：On the face of it, B violated the maxim of relation since he did not provide a direct answer to A"s question. But A would assume that B is cooperative in the conversation, and would try to explore the link between the seemingly irrelevant response to something relevant. Thus, A would interpret B"s utterance in such a way that because there had been as accident further up the road, it was quite possible that the road was blocked; in a consequence, the bus would not be able to come.)解析：2.Analyze the following dialogue with reference to Grice"s Cooperative Principle.(北二外2005研)A: Oh I like this popular song so much How about you?B: I often hear classical music, especially, the symphonies composed by Beethoven His Symphony No. 9 is my favorite.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：B has obviously violated Maxim of Relation; A was asking B"s opinion about a particular popular song, but B"s response was actually about classical music. By such a violation, B probably wanted to imply that he did not like that popular song.)解析：3.In what ways do people cooperate in their conversations?(人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：In daily conversations people do not usually say things directly but tend to imply them, and according to Grice, they seem to observe willingly or unwillingly certain principle, which is called "cooperative principle" : "Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged". Under this principle, there are four maxims, namely, Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner.)解析：4.What is sociolinguistics?（北航2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Sociolinguistics is an umbrella term which covers a variety of different interests in language and society, including the social functions of language and the social characteristics of its users. It studies the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact and change within a speech community.)解析：解析：（本题考查社会语言学的定义。
2023年自考专业英语-现代语言学考试题库答案
2023年自考专业(英语)-现代语言学考试题库+答案第I卷一.综合能力测验(共15题)1.单选题 The volunteers would rather go by train than ________.A. to driveB.driveC.drivenD.to be driven2.单选题 The conclusion from the study is not definite; it is just ________.A. tentativeB.validC.technicalD.thorough3.单选题 This is an important problem _______ too few social scientists have researched.A. whichB.thatC.into thatD.into which4.判断题 According to the "principles-and-parameters" theory, "principles" refer to highly abstract properties of grammar which are applied to language in general and which generate phrases and at the same time restrain the power of Move a, while "parameters" allow general principles to operate in certain restricted ways, according to which particular grammars of natural languages vary.5.单选题 There is a deadlock(僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the other.A.a wayB.wayC.the way6.单选题 Children have a natural ________ about the world around them.A. certaintyB.capabilityC.clevernessD.curiosity7.判断题 Linguists can concentrate on all the aspects of language at once.8.单选题 Country life is better than city life ________ it offers fresh air and noiseless environmentA. in thatB.as thatC.as forD.in which9.判断题 Searle's classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs.10.单选题 ______ of a sentence depends on the context in which the sentence is uttered.A.Sentence meaningB.Utterance meaningC.The referenceD.The meaning11.判断题 A compound is the combination of only two words.12.判断题 Research findings have shown that language processing centers are situated ina single area of the left hemisphere.13.单选题 The other timing system belongs in our internal clocks，which，left ________，would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm.A.behindB.aloneC.outD.aside14.单选题 The basic unit in the study of morphology is ______.A. the internal structureB.morphemeC.the rules by which words are formedD.wordA. being seenB.seeingC.him seeingD.seeing him第II卷一.综合能力测验(共15题)1.单选题 Younger children are curious ________ how things work ，and many of them want to take apart everything within their reach.A.ofB.aboutC.atD.with2.判断题 Well-arranged sentences are considered grammatical sentences that are formed following a set of syntactic rules.3.单选题 _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It4.判断题 In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied.5.单选题 It was a small place then compared to _______ it is now.A. whatB.whichC.littleD.few6.单选题 Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of ten billion nerve cells called ______.A.nerve fibersB.nervesC.neurons7.单选题 Bloomfield drew on ______ psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic forms.A.contextualB.conceptualistC.behavioristD.naming8.单选题 If you are walking away from a clock tower ，you will hear the ticking of the clock fade to a point ________ it cannot be heard.A. whichB.whatC.whereD.how9.单选题 The syntactic rules of any language are ______ in number.rgeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite10.单选题 Johnson was ________ unknown before running for the presidency.A. visiblyB.visuallyC.verticallyD.virtually11.单选题 By "language acquisition is primarily the acquistion of the grammatical system of language", linguists mean that ______.A.every specific rule allowed by the grammatical system of a language must be acquiredB.the phonological rules must be acquiredC.the syntactic rules must be acquiredD.the general principles that are fundamental to the grammaticality of speech must be acquired12.单选题―________ fine day it is today!A. How, suchB.What a, veryC.How, soD.What a, so13.单选题 If payment is not received, legal action will be our only ________.B.advantageC.alternativeD.ambition14.单选题 Weather _______, we ’ll go out for a walk.A. permittedB.permittingC.permitsD.for permitting15.单选题 I was writing a report last night; ________ I would not have stayed up late.A. howeverB.otherwiseC.thereforeD.furthermore第I卷参考答案一.综合能力测验1.正确答案：B本题解析：would rather 或 would sooner 的意思都是“宁愿” ，其后要求直接用动词原形。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编20.doc
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编20(总分：132.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：14，分数：28.00)1.As the lexical words carry the main content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones 1. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.In traditional grammar, 1is the only word class which can function as a substitute for another item. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into 1words and 2words. (南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________4.The 1is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.There are two fields of morphology: the study of 1and the study of 2. (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________6.A 1morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7. 1 is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology. (南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8. 1is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from 2and 3. (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________9.Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an 1affix from a longer form already in the language. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10. 1is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. It is the minimum free form. (中山大学2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.Affix is the collective term for the type of formative that call be used only when added to another morpheme. Affixes are limited in number in a language, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix, suffix, and 1. (北京邮电大学2010研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.Words can be classified into variable words and invariable words. As for variable words, they may have 1changes. That is, the same word my have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant (中山大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Bound morphemes are classified into two types; 1and 2root.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________14.A word formed by derivation is called a 1, and a word formed by compounding is called a 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________二、判断题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)15.Some linguists maintain that a word group is an extension of word of a particular class. (清华2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假16.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假17.Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many adverbs are content words. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假18.Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and articles are all open class items. (清华2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假19.The words "loose" and "books" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假20.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假21.Root also falls into two categories: free and bound. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假22.A stem is the base form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. (对外经贸2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假23.The words "water" and "teacher" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假24.The words "boys" and "raise" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假25.Analogic change refers to the reduction of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真26.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)27.Words like pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles are______items. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）A.open-classB.closed-classC.neither open-class nor closed-class28.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.lexical wordsB.grammatical wordsC.function wordsD.form words29.Bound morphemes do not include______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.rootsB.prefixesC.suffixesD.words30.______other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.Polymorphemic wordsB.Bound morphemesC.Free morphemes31.______refers to the way in which a particular verb changes for tense, person, or number.(西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.AffixationB.InflectionC.DerivationD.Conjugation32.Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: table—tables, day + break — daybreak. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.inflection and compoundpound and derivationC.inflection and derivationpound words consist of______ morphemes. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）A.boundB.freeC.both bound and free34.Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending? (对外经贸2006研)（分数：2.00）A.WTOB.MotelC.BookshelfD.red-faced35.Which of the following words are formed by blending? (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.girlfriendB.televisionD.bunch36.The word UN is formed in the way of______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.acronymyB.clippingC.initialismD.blending37.Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change? (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.INVENTION.B.ACRONYM.C.LEXICON.nguage has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguistic aspects except that of______. (西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.phonologyB.lexiconC.syntaxD.semantics39."Wife", which used to refer to any woman, stands for "a married woman" in modern English. This phenomenon is known as______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.semantic shiftB.semantic broadeningC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing40.It is true that words may shift in meaning, i. e. semantic change. The semantic change of the word tail belongs to______.（分数：2.00）A.narrowing of meaningB.meaning shiftC.loss of meaningD.widening of meaning41.A suffix is an affix which appears______.（分数：2.00）A.after the stemB.before the stemC.in the middle of the stemD.below the stem四、简答题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)42.What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 43.What does the concept morphophoneme mean? What is the relationship between phoneme and morphophoneme?(南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 44.What are phonologically conditioned and morphologically conditioned form of morphemes? (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 45.How are affixes classified? (四川大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________46.A number interesting word-formation processes can be discerned in the following examples. Can you identify what is going on in these?(a) The deceased's cremains were scattered over the hill.(b) He's always taking pills, either uppers or downers. (上海交通大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 47.How to distinguish root and stem?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 48.Illustrate the relationship between morpheme and allomorph by examples.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 49.What are closed-class words and open-class words?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、名词解释(总题数：13，分数：26.00)50.Open-class words (浙江大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 51.Lexical word (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.Morpheme (武汉大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.Stem (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 54.inflectional morpheme (南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.Free morphemes (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 56.Bound morpheme (上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 57.Inflection (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ pound (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 59.Allomorph (四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 60.Back-formation(四川大学2008研；北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 61.Prefix (北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 62.cognate(南开大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________六、1 举例说明题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)63.Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 64.Semantic change plays a very important role in widening the vocabulary of a language. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 65.Illustrate the ways of lexical change. (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 66.What are the major types of semantic Changes? (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
语言学考试题及答案英语
语言学考试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，其主要研究对象是：A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的运用答案：B2. 语音学是语言学的一个分支，它主要研究：A. 语言的社会功能B. 语言的物理属性C. 语言的语法结构D. 语言的语义内容答案：B3. 下列哪项是语义学的研究范畴？A. 语音的产生B. 词汇的意义C. 句子的构造D. 语言的演变答案：B4. 语言的语法规则包括：A. 词汇的选择B. 句子的构造C. 语调的运用D. 语言的起源答案：B5. 社会语言学主要关注语言与：A. 个人心理B. 社会结构C. 语言的演变D. 文化传承答案：B6. 心理语言学研究的是：A. 语言与社会的关系B. 语言与心理的关系C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言与物理的关系答案：B7. 语言的产生和发展与人类的哪项能力密切相关？A. 逻辑思维B. 语言模仿C. 抽象思维D. 社会交往答案：D8. 语言的方言是指：A. 同一语言的不同变体B. 不同语言之间的相似性C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A9. 语言的标准化是指：A. 语言的简化B. 语言的统一C. 语言的规范化D. 语言的创新答案：C10. 语言的借词是指：A. 从其他语言借用的词汇B. 同一语言内部的词汇C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学、__________和心理语言学。
答案：社会语言学2. 语言的最小意义单位是__________。
答案：语素3. 语言的音位是__________的最小单位。
答案：语音4. 语言的词汇包括基本词汇和__________。
答案：派生词汇5. 语言的句法结构包括词法和__________。
答案：句法6. 语言的语用学研究的是语言的__________。
答案：使用7. 语言的方言差异可能导致__________。
2013年北京第二外国语学院英语专业语言学真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2013年北京第二外国语学院英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分50, 做题时间90分钟)1. 填空题1.By ______, we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness.SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：creativity解析：(考查语言的创造性)2.The sound[d]can be described with"______, alveolar stop/plosive".SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：voiced解析：(考查辅音的发音方法，发音部位和清浊性)3.______is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and cases to which they are attached.SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Inflection解析：(考查屈折变化的含义)4.______, the technical name for inclusiveness sense relation, is a matter of class membership.SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Hyponymy解析：(考查语意关系中的上下义关系)______is the ordinary act we perform when we speak, i. e. we move our vocal organs and produce a number of sounds, organized in a certain way and with a certain meaning.SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：The locutionary act解析：(考查言内行为的含义)2. 判断题1.As an interdisciplinary study of language and psychology, psycholinguistics has its roots in structural linguistics on the one hand, and in cognitive psychology on the other hand.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：考查心理语言学的定义。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编12
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编12(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Sentence meaning is the combination of the meanings of the component words and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：the meaning of its structure）解析：解析：（句子的意义是由词汇意义与句子结构两者决定的。
)2.The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：co一hyponyms）解析：解析：（同类中的成员叫做同下义词。
)3.A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the 1 of, or the 2the utterance.（人大2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：consequence; change brought about by）解析：4.When a teacher says "The exam this year is going to be really difficult" , the sentence would have an 1force.（清华2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：illocutionary）解析：解析：（行事行为是表达说话人意图的行为，老师所说的话表明了让学生努力学习的意图。
2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业英美文学真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分52, 做题时间90分钟)1. 名词解释1.Waiting for GodotSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Waiting for Godot is an absurdist play by Samuel Beckett,in which two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, wait endlessly and in vain for someone named Godot to arrive.2.Harlem renaissanceSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Harlem renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned 1920s and 1930s. At the time, it was known as " New Negro Movement". It was a burst of literary achievement by Negro playwrights, poets, and novelists who presented new insights into American experience and prepared the way for the emergence of numerous black writers after mid-twentieth century.3.AntagonistSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Antagonist is a person, or a group of people who oppose the main character. The antagonist may also represent a major threat or obstacle to the main character by their very existence, without necessarily deliberately targeting him or her.4.Comedy of mannersSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Comedy of manners is a genre of play or novel which satirizes the manners and affectations of a social class, often represented by stock characters, such as the miles gloriosus in ancient times, the fop and the rake during the Restoration. The plot of a comedy, often concerned with scandal, is generally less important than its witty dialogue. A great writer of comedy of manners is Oscar Wilde, who writes the famous play The Importance of Being Earnest.5.Blank verseSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Blank verse is the poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. It has been described as "probably the **mon and influential form that English poetry has taken since the sixteenth century".2. 翻译题1.Please translate the following English into Chinese, and payattention to its literary quality.It was New Year"s Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake. Then he cast them on the earth, where few more hopeless people than himself now moved towards their certain goal—the tomb. He had already passed sixty of the stages leading to it, and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and remorse. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant, his heart sorrowful, and his old age short of comforts.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：新年之夜。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编6
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编6(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Concord(or; Agreement)(武汉大学2008研；中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：It may be defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes that stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category(or categories). For example, the syntactic relationship between that girl and she in the following dialogue; A; Who is that girl? B; Oh, she is my sister.)解析：ernment（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Government is another type of control over the forms of some words by other words in certain syntactic constructions. It differs from concord in that this is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the forms of others in terms of certain category. In English, for example, the pronoun after a verb or a preposition should be in the object form as in She gave him a book. She gave a hook to him. In other words, the verb, or the preposition, determines, or governs, the form of the pronoun after it.)解析：3.Paradigmatic relations（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Paradigmatic relation, Saussure originally called associative, is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.)解析：4.Syntax（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：It is a sub-field of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language. Specifically, it is the study of the rules governing the ways in which words, word groups and phrases are joined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between sentential elements.)解析：5.Constituent（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Constituent is a term used in structural sentence analysis for every linguistic unit, which is a part of a larger linguistic unit. Several constituents together form a construction: for example, in the sentence " The boy ate the apple" , S(A), the boy(B), ate the apple(C), each part is a constituent.)解析：6.Logical subject(中山大学2011研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Logical subject is the subject of a sentence that expresses the actual agent of an expressed or implied action. In passive voice such as "John was bitten by a dog", we have two terms "grammatical subject" and "logical subject". Since the core object noun {John in this case)sits in the slot before the verb in the passive, it is called grammatical subject, for the original object noun phrase occupies the grammatical space before a verb, the space that a subject normally occupies; the core subject(A dog), now the object of a preposition(by a dog), is called the logical subject, since semantically the core subject still does what a subject normally does: it performs an action.)解析：7.Semantic Triangle（大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Ogden and Richards presented the classic "Semantic Triangle" as manifested in the following diagram , in which the " symbol" or " form" refers to the linguistic elements(word, sentence, etc.), the "referent" refers to the object in the world of experience, and "thought" or "reference" refers to concept or notion. According to this view, there is no direct link between symbol and referent, that is, between language and the world. The link is via thought, the concept)解析：8.Gradable antonym（人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Gradable antonym. Gradable antonyms are antonyms that are gradable because there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair. For example, cold and warm constitute a pair of gradable antonyms.)解析：9.Semantic feature（四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Semantic feature. The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components which are called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising the features of + HUAMN, + ADULT, + ANIMATE, +MALE.)解析：ponential analysis(浙江大学2005研；北航2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Componential analysis. It refers to a semantic approach which defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components, or semantic features. For example, the meaning of the word boy may be analyzed into three components: HUMAN, YOUNG and MALE.) 解析：11.Entailment（武汉大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Entailment. It is a type of meaning dependence between sentences. It is concerned with the meaning of the sentence itself. If X is true, Y is necessarily true, and if X is false, Y may be true or false. For example, the sentence "He has been to France" entails "He has been to Europe".)解析：12.Presupposition（武汉大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：The speaker or writer always assumes that the reader or hearer already knows something of what he is going to say or write. This something often becomes the presupposition of a sentence. For example, John didn"t pass chemistry presupposes that John took chemistry.) 解析：13.Locutionary Act, Illocutinary Act and Perlocutionary Act(北京交通大学2005研；武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking. A locutionary act is the act of saying, the literal meaning of the utterance. Therefore, when somebody says "Morning" , we can ask a question like "What did he do?" , and the answer could be "He offered a greeting. " An illocutionary act is the extra meaning of the utterance produced on the basis of the literal meaning. Therefore, for the same example, we can say " He meant it as a greeting". A perlocutionary act is the effect of the utterance on the hearer. Thus, by saying " Morning!" the speaker has made it clear that he wants to keep friendly relations with the hearer.)解析：14.Conversational Implicature（武汉大学2004研；北京交通大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Conversational implicature refers to a type of implied meaning, which is deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context, under the guidance of the CP and its maxims. For example, the implicature of He is a tiger could probably be he has some characteristics of a tiger.)解析：15.Cooperative principle（北师大2003研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Cooperative principle was proposed and formulated by Grice. It expresses that in making a conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate; otherwise, it would not be possible for them to carry on the talk. It goes like this: " make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged". This principle can be further specified as the four following maxims; Quantity, Quality, Relation, Manner.)解析：16.Violation of maxims（北京交通大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：There are circumstances where speakers may not follow the maxims of the cooperative principle. For example, in conversation, a speaker may violate the maxim expectations by using an expression like " No comment" in response to a question. Although it is typically not " as informative as is required" in the context, it is naturally interpreted as communicating more than is said(i. e. the speaker knows the answer). This typical reaction to any apparent violation of the maxims is actually the key to the notion of conversational implicature. When we violate any of these maxims , our language becomes indirect. In this way, we can convey morethan is literally said. For example, there is violation of the first maxim of Quantity, and sometimes the first Quantity maxim can be in conflict with the Quality maxim.)解析：17.coherence /cohesion(浙江大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Cohesion refers to the grammatical and/or lexical relationships between the different elements of a discourse. This may be relationship between different sentences or between different parts of a sentence. It can be achieved by cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. Coherence, on the other hand, refers to the quality of a discourse which makes it a connected text coherent to the context, not a series of juxtaposed sentences.)解析：18.adjacency pairs（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Adjacency pair is a sequence of two related utterances by two different speakers. The second utterance is always a response to the first. It has five properties: ① Adjacency pairs consist of two utterances, a first part and a second part. ② The two parts are spoken by di fferent speakers. ③ The first and second parts belong to specific types, for example, question and answer, or greeting and greeting. ④ The form and content of the second part depends on the type of the first part. ⑤ Given that a speaker has produced a firs t part, the second part is relevant and expectable as the next utterance.)解析：19.preference structure（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：There are many responses to questions which are not answers but which count as second parts. This structural likelihood is called preference. Preference structure divides second parts into preferred and dispreferred. The preferred is the structurally expected next act and the dispref-erred is the structurally unexpected next act. The preferred second parts are more usual, more normal and less specific.)解析：20.Intercultural communication(南开大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Intercultural communication, also known as cross-cultural communication, is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbols systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. It is frequently used to refer to communication between people from different cultures, which implies a comparison between cultures.)解析：21.Linguistic determinism（上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Linguistic determinism, is one of the two points of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, and has developed into the strong version of this hypothesis. It could be summarized as follows:(1)One"s thinking is completely determined by his native language because one cannot but perceive the world in terms of the categories and distinctions encoded in the language.(2)The categories and distinctions encoded in one language system are unique to that system andincommensurable with those of other systems. Therefore, the following statement could represent this hypothesis " If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different".)解析：22.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis（武汉大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts; linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine people"s thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.)解析：23.Linguistic relativity（人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Linguistic relativity is one of two points in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. It states that similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world is. For example, not every language has the same set of words for the colors; in Spanish there is no word that corresponds to the English meaning of "blue".)解析：24.Diglossia（南开大学2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：It is a speech variety used by a particular group of people, usually sharing the same occupation(e. g. doctors, lawyers)or the same interests. A particular register often distinguishes itself from others by having a number of distinctive words, by using words or phrases in a particular way, and sometimes by special grammatical constructions(e. g. legal language).) 解析：25.Speech community(北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Speech community is a group of people who share a set of norms and expectations regarding the use of language. Speech communities can be members of a profession with a specialized jargon , distinct social groups like high school students or hip-pop fans. In addition, online and other mediated communities, such as many internet forums , often constitute speech communities. Members of speech communities will often develop slang or jargon to serve the group"s special purposes and priorities.)解析：。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编14(总分54, 做题时间90分钟)1. 判断题1.The phatic function refers to language function for establishing or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.(清华2001研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（寒暄功能是指建立与保持社交联络而不是交换信息。
)2.Syntax refers to the study of the rules governing the way words**bined to form sentences in a language.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（句法学研究词汇构成句子的规则。
)3."Competence" and "performance" are two distinctive terms proposed by Saussure.（北二外2005研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（语言能力与语言表现的区别是由乔姆斯基提出的。
)4.The **petence originally refers to the grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situation.(南开大学2004研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（语言能力与语言在具体情况下的应用无关，语言表现是语言在具体情况下的表现。
)5.Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptivelinguistics, because it can tell us how to speak correct language.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（描写式和规定式的语言学是分析语言的两种不同的方法，不能简单的说谁好谁坏之说。
)6.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（历时研究是研究语言的变化与发展。
)7.Onomatopoeic words are totally arbitrary.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（拟声词并不完全是任意的，与其表达的声音具有一定的相似性。
)8.When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiced.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（在发音过程中，发音时声带不振动，这样所发出的音叫做清音。
)9.Of the three cavities, pharynx cavity is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds.（北二外2007研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（在三大发音腔中，口腔是在发音中最灵活的。
)10.English consonants can be classified into two categories: voiced and voiceless consonants.(对外经贸2006研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（英语辅音可分为清辅音和浊辅音。
)11.Bilabial consonant is produced when the obstruction is partial and the air is forced through a narrow passage.（对外经贸2006研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（双唇音是由上唇和下唇接触，使语流受阻而构成的一种辅音。
)12.The sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（音段可分为元音和辅音。
)13.Uvular is made with the back of the tongue and the uvula.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（小舌音是由舌后部与小舌共同作用产生的音。
)14.A syllable can be divided into two parts, the NUCLEUS and the CODA.(大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（音节中必不可少的就是结核，即元音，节首和节尾可有可无。
) 15.Auditory phonetics studies how sounds are perceived by the speaker.（清华2001研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（感知语音学（或听觉语音学)研究语音的感知。
)16.The last sound of "top" can be articulated as an unreleased or released plosive. These different realizations of the same phoneme are not in complementary distribution.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（如果两个音素出现在一个相同的语音环境中，且不区别意义，这两个音素可被看作自由变体。
)17.The speech sounds we hear and produce during **munications are all phonemes.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（我们所听见和说出的声音并不总是音位，有可能是音素，只有那些能区别意义的才是音位。
)18.Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（自由变体是指两个音素出现在一个相同的语音环境中，并不区别意义，即用一个音素替换另一个音素不产生新词，只产生同一个词的不同读音。
)19.Some linguists maintain that a word group is an extension of word of a particular class.（清华2001研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（词组是指一组具有一定词性的词的组合扩展，且此过程并不改变词原来的词性。
)20.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（具有词汇意义（指代物质、动作和性质)的词称为词汇词，例如名词、动词、形容词和副词。
)21.The words "loose" and "books" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well.(北二外2007研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（有共同的音位，但语素[s]在两个词中的意思不一样，前者没有任何意义，后者表示复数。
)22.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（自由语素指是能够单独出现或独立成词的语素。
)23.All words contain a root morpheme.（北二外2006研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（所有的词都必须有词根。
)24.Root also falls into two categories: free and bound.（北二外2006研) SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（词根是构成词的基础成分，它可以是自由语素或粘着语素。