英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编13

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英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编20.doc

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编20(总分：132.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：14，分数：28.00)1.As the lexical words carry the main content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones 1. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.In traditional grammar, 1is the only word class which can function as a substitute for another item. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into 1words and 2words. (南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________4.The 1is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.There are two fields of morphology: the study of 1and the study of 2. (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________6.A 1morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7. 1 is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology. (南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8. 1is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from 2and 3. (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________9.Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an 1affix from a longer form already in the language. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10. 1is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. It is the minimum free form. (中山大学2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.Affix is the collective term for the type of formative that call be used only when added to another morpheme. Affixes are limited in number in a language, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix, suffix, and 1. (北京邮电大学2010研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.Words can be classified into variable words and invariable words. As for variable words, they may have 1changes. That is, the same word my have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant (中山大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Bound morphemes are classified into two types; 1and 2root.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________14.A word formed by derivation is called a 1, and a word formed by compounding is called a 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________二、判断题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)15.Some linguists maintain that a word group is an extension of word of a particular class. (清华2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假16.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假17.Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many adverbs are content words. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假18.Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and articles are all open class items. (清华2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假19.The words "loose" and "books" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假20.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假21.Root also falls into two categories: free and bound. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假22.A stem is the base form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. (对外经贸2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假23.The words "water" and "teacher" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假24.The words "boys" and "raise" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假25.Analogic change refers to the reduction of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真26.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)27.Words like pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles are______items. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）A.open-classB.closed-classC.neither open-class nor closed-class28.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.lexical wordsB.grammatical wordsC.function wordsD.form words29.Bound morphemes do not include______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.rootsB.prefixesC.suffixesD.words30.______other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.Polymorphemic wordsB.Bound morphemesC.Free morphemes31.______refers to the way in which a particular verb changes for tense, person, or number.(西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.AffixationB.InflectionC.DerivationD.Conjugation32.Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: table—tables, day + break — daybreak. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.inflection and compoundpound and derivationC.inflection and derivationpound words consist of______ morphemes. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）A.boundB.freeC.both bound and free34.Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending? (对外经贸2006研)（分数：2.00）A.WTOB.MotelC.BookshelfD.red-faced35.Which of the following words are formed by blending? (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.girlfriendB.televisionD.bunch36.The word UN is formed in the way of______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.acronymyB.clippingC.initialismD.blending37.Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change? (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.INVENTION.B.ACRONYM.C.LEXICON.nguage has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguistic aspects except that of______. (西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.phonologyB.lexiconC.syntaxD.semantics39."Wife", which used to refer to any woman, stands for "a married woman" in modern English. This phenomenon is known as______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.semantic shiftB.semantic broadeningC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing40.It is true that words may shift in meaning, i. e. semantic change. The semantic change of the word tail belongs to______.（分数：2.00）A.narrowing of meaningB.meaning shiftC.loss of meaningD.widening of meaning41.A suffix is an affix which appears______.（分数：2.00）A.after the stemB.before the stemC.in the middle of the stemD.below the stem四、简答题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)42.What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 43.What does the concept morphophoneme mean? What is the relationship between phoneme and morphophoneme?(南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 44.What are phonologically conditioned and morphologically conditioned form of morphemes? (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 45.How are affixes classified? (四川大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________46.A number interesting word-formation processes can be discerned in the following examples. Can you identify what is going on in these?(a) The deceased's cremains were scattered over the hill.(b) He's always taking pills, either uppers or downers. (上海交通大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 47.How to distinguish root and stem?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 48.Illustrate the relationship between morpheme and allomorph by examples.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 49.What are closed-class words and open-class words?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、名词解释(总题数：13，分数：26.00)50.Open-class words (浙江大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 51.Lexical word (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.Morpheme (武汉大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.Stem (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 54.inflectional morpheme (南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.Free morphemes (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 56.Bound morpheme (上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 57.Inflection (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ pound (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 59.Allomorph (四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 60.Back-formation(四川大学2008研；北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 61.Prefix (北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 62.cognate(南开大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________六、1 举例说明题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)63.Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 64.Semantic change plays a very important role in widening the vocabulary of a language. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 65.Illustrate the ways of lexical change. (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 66.What are the major types of semantic Changes? (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

[考研类试卷]英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编10.doc

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编10一、简答题1 In what way do we say English is an inflectional language?（厦门大学2006研)2 Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects.（大连外国语学院2008研)3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Immediate Constituent Analysis(IC Analysis)(北京交通大学2006研)4 Illustrate "Immediate Constituent Analysis".（大连外国语学院2008研)4 For each of the following pairs of sentences, discuss how the two sentences are different from each other.（南京大学2006研)5 A.His carelessness I can't bear.B. I can't bear his carelessness.6 A.A dagger killed the tourist.B. The tourist was killed with a dagger.7 A.A hurricane killed eight people.B. Eight people died in a hurricane.8 Describe with tree diagrams the transformations involved in forming the question "Does John like the book?"（南开大学2007研)9 What, in your view, makes a text a text, rather than a series of unconnected utterances? What are the implications of your answer for second language teaching?(北外2006研)9 The English sentences given below are ungrammatical. You are required to give the syntactic explanation to the ungrammaticality in each of the sentences.（南开大学2011研)10 * Jack put his ball.11 * I wonder Michael walked the dog.12 * Frank thinks himself is a superstar.13 What are the similarities and differences between a phrase and a clause?（中山大学2011研)14 Explain the seven types of meaning and use examples to illustrate your ideas.（人大2007研；南开大学2004研)15 Discuss sense, denotation and reference, using Chinese examples to illustrate your points.(北外2008研)16 Words are in different sense relations with each other. What sense relation is illustrated in each of the pairs of words below? Add one more example to each pair.(北航2008研)(a)casual - informal(b)intelligent - stupid(c)steal - steel(d)animal - dog17 For each of the following pairs of words, state the principal reason why they may not be considered to be synonyms:（浙江大学2005研)a. man boyb. toilet looc. determined stubbornd. pavement sidewalke. slim skinnyf. move run18 Put the following words in a hierarchical order(you can use a tree diagram if need be)and try to define at least two of them:(北师大2003研)crocodile, mammal, reptile, rabbit, primate, animal18 Study the following exchange and then answer the questions that follow.(南京大学2006研)"Take some more tea. " the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly.I've had nothing yet, Alice replied in an offended tone, "so I can't take more. "19 Why was Alice offended?20 What is the problem with the March Hare's remark? What is the linguistic issue involved here?21 Consider the following statements. When do we say Statement A entails Statement B? When do we say Statement A presupposes Statement B? Does Statement A necessarily entail Statement C? Why? Do Statements A and D both presuppose Statement B?Why?(南京大学2008研)A. Jack's brother has gone bankrupt.B. Jack has a brother.C. Jack's sibling has gone bankrupt.D. Jack's brother has not gone bankrupt.22 In each of the following sentences, the second part cancels some information given by the first part. However, this seems to result in quite acceptable utterances in group(l)andin very awkward utterances in group(2). Explain why.(北外2002研)Group(1)a．老张有三个小孩子，其实还不止三个。

2013年四川大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷答案

一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Descriptive adequacy is achieved when a grammar not only produces correct explanations for raw linguistic data, but also produces correct explanations for the linguistic competence of the speaker and hearer.【试题解析】 (考查描述充分性)2 【正确答案】 Textual function refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text.【试题解析】 (考查语篇功能)3 【正确答案】 Illocutionary act refers to an utterance that accomplishes something in the act of speaking something.【试题解析】 (考查行事行为)4 【正确答案】 Arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs have no natural relationship, while motivation refers to the extent to which the individual worksor strives to learn the language because of a desire to do so and the satisfaction experienced in this activity.【试题解析】 (考查语言的任意性和二语习得的动机)5 【正确答案】 Ideal speaker refers to the speaker who has mastered and internalized the linguistic rules of his native language, or in other words, a speaker of a language who has the ability to speak and understand the language in a grammatically-correct manner.【试题解析】 (考查理想说话者的定义)6 【正确答案】 Bound morpheme refers to those morphemes which cannot occur alone, such as the plural morpheme"-s"in "cats" and the negative morpheme "dis-" in "dislike".【试题解析】 (考查粘着语素)7 【正确答案】 Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by only joining the initial parts of the two words. For example, "breakfast" + "lunch"→"brunch" , "smoke" + "fog"→"smog".【试题解析】 (考查混成法)8 【正确答案】 Language use can be formal, neutral and casual in style. The stylistic features of words, which make words appropriate for appropriate situations, constitute stylistic meanings of words. For example, "father" is more formal than "dad" and "friend" is more formal than "buddy".【试题解析】 (考查文体含义)9 【正确答案】 Loanword refers to the process in which both form and meaning of the words are borrowed from other languages, with only a slight adaptation. For example, English borrowed "tea" from Chinese, "sputnik" from Russian.【试题解析】 (考查借词)10 【正确答案】 Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. For example, different words may be identical in sound or spelling, or both. Such as "meet"—"meat", "pupil"(student)—"pupil"(the small round black area at the center of the eye).【试题解析】 (考查同音／同形异义现象)二、简答题11 【正确答案】 1．他喜欢假装自己是电子方面的专家。

语言学考试题及答案英语

语言学考试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，其主要研究对象是：A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的运用答案：B2. 语音学是语言学的一个分支，它主要研究：A. 语言的社会功能B. 语言的物理属性C. 语言的语法结构D. 语言的语义内容答案：B3. 下列哪项是语义学的研究范畴？A. 语音的产生B. 词汇的意义C. 句子的构造D. 语言的演变答案：B4. 语言的语法规则包括：A. 词汇的选择B. 句子的构造C. 语调的运用D. 语言的起源答案：B5. 社会语言学主要关注语言与：A. 个人心理B. 社会结构C. 语言的演变D. 文化传承答案：B6. 心理语言学研究的是：A. 语言与社会的关系B. 语言与心理的关系C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言与物理的关系答案：B7. 语言的产生和发展与人类的哪项能力密切相关？A. 逻辑思维B. 语言模仿C. 抽象思维D. 社会交往答案：D8. 语言的方言是指：A. 同一语言的不同变体B. 不同语言之间的相似性C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A9. 语言的标准化是指：A. 语言的简化B. 语言的统一C. 语言的规范化D. 语言的创新答案：C10. 语言的借词是指：A. 从其他语言借用的词汇B. 同一语言内部的词汇C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学、__________和心理语言学。

答案：社会语言学2. 语言的最小意义单位是__________。

答案：语素3. 语言的音位是__________的最小单位。

答案：语音4. 语言的词汇包括基本词汇和__________。

答案：派生词汇5. 语言的句法结构包括词法和__________。

答案：句法6. 语言的语用学研究的是语言的__________。

答案：使用7. 语言的方言差异可能导致__________。

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11.doc

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11一、简答题1 The following four sentences present four different usages of the word不过. Please discuss the distinctions and connections among the four usages, illustrating your points with your own examples where necessary.1)不过二年，君必无患。

2)他十七岁就结婚，一年后当了爸爸不过十八岁。

3)这是个乖巧不过的孩子。

4)我也没有长策，不过这种事情，其事已迫，不能计出万全的。

2 Comment on the following observation in about 150 words.(武汉大学2010研)"The meaning of a word is not an unanalysable whole. "3 When a teacher says "it's so hot in here" during a class, what does she probably mean? Refer to the theory of pragmatics when you analyze the situation.(人大2002研)4 A speech act consists of three related acts according to J. L. Austin's Speech Act theory. What are they? Analyze the following conversation in the light of Speech Act theory.(北航2008研) Customer; Waiter! There's a fly in my soup.Waiter; Don't worry, there's no extra charge.5 Explain speech act theory and list the different kinds of speech acts with examples for each.(浙江大学2004研)6 Discuss the following sentences in terms of violation of maxims in the cooperative principle.(浙江大学2007研)a. I think he was married and had a lioness at home.b. A: What do you intend to do? B: I have a terrible headache.c. A: Where've you been? B: Out.7 Discuss the following advertisement extensively: "你不理财，财不理你".(浙江大学2007研)8 Imagine you were at a bus stop and two people approached you one after the other. The first said哎，几点了?and the second said不好意思，打搅一下，请问您戴表了吗?What assumptions would you make if you were addressed in these two ways and why would you make them?(北外2007研)9 What kind of linguistic phenomenon can you identify in the following dialogue? Define, analyse and explain the phenomenon.(北外2010研)甲：上车请买票。

英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编12

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编12(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Sentence meaning is the combination of the meanings of the component words and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：the meaning of its structure）解析：解析：（句子的意义是由词汇意义与句子结构两者决定的。

)2.The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：co一hyponyms）解析：解析：（同类中的成员叫做同下义词。

)3.A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the 1 of, or the 2the utterance.（人大2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：consequence; change brought about by）解析：4.When a teacher says "The exam this year is going to be really difficult" , the sentence would have an 1force.（清华2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：illocutionary）解析：解析：（行事行为是表达说话人意图的行为，老师所说的话表明了让学生努力学习的意图。

2013年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc

2013年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分：78.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present at the moment of communication. Thus we say it has the property of______.（分数：2.00）A.arbitrarinessB.displacementC.creativityD.duality2.The______function of language enables our language to talk about itself.（分数：2.00）A.performativeB.emotiveC.phaticD.metalingual3.Which segment in the following does not share one or more phonetic features with the other segments?（分数：2.00）A.[m]B.[l]C.[w]D.[s]4.Which is the description of the consonant[b]?（分数：2.00）A.voiceless bilabial stopB.voiced bilabial stopC.voiceless alveolar fricativeD.voiced alveolar fricative5.When preceding /p/, the negative prefix in-changes to im-through a process called ______（分数：2.00）A.dissimilationB.bilabializationC.assimilationD.none of the above6.The number of morphemes in the word girls is______.（分数：2.00）A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four7.Which of the following is an endocentric compound?（分数：2.00）A.runawayB.playboyC.self-controlD.breakthrough8.Which of the following is not a bound root morpheme?（分数：2.00）A.-putB.-ceiveC.-mitD.-tain9.The word televise is created through the process of______.（分数：2.00）A.blendingB.inventionC.back-formationD.borrowing10.The grammatical category which is used in the analysis of word classes to identify the syntactic relationship between words in a sentence is ______.（分数：2.00）A.caseB.agreementC.tenseD.aspect11.Which pair of antonyms does not belong to gradable antonyms?（分数：2.00）A.good, badB.hit, missC.long, shortD.small, big12.The indirect theory to meaning proposed by Ogden and Richards holds that the relation betweena word and a thing is mediated by______.（分数：2.00）A.referenceB.conceptC.controlD.dependency13.The following figures were very influential in the field of linguistics in the first two decades of the twentieth century except ______.（分数：2.00）A.SaussureB.BloomfieldC.ChomskyD.Firth14.The principal and most obvious contrast between the last two centuries has been the rapid rise of______ linguistics, as opposed to ______ linguistics.（分数：2.00）A.descriptive, historicalB.structural, generativeC.functional, formalistD.structural, historical15.The Prague school was a group of Czech and other scholars, whose main interest lays in ______ theory.（分数：2.00）A.phoneticB.phonologicalC.semanticD.syntactic16.______usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language.（分数：2.00）A.Cognitive linguisticsB.Corpus linguisticsC.PsycholinguisticsD.Neuro-linguistics17.Which of the following terms is included in psycholinguistics?（分数：2.00）A.Register.nguage acquisition.C.Metaphor.D.Interlanguage.18.Logic and Conversation was written by______.（分数：2.00）A.H. E GriceB.William JamesC.Stephen LevinsonD.John Austin19.______ involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is construed in terms of the other.（分数：2.00）A.SimileB.MetaphorC.AlliterationD.Metonymy20.Modern linguistics began from ______, who is often described as "father of modern linguistics".（分数：2.00）A.ChomskyB.HallidayC.BloomfieldD.Saussure21.As an interdisciplinary study of language use, ______ attempts to show the relationship between language and society.（分数：2.00）A.semanticsB.pragmaticsC.sociolinguisticsD.psycholinguistics22.Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with what he calls a(an)______.（分数：2.00）nguage Acquisition DeviceB.Generative GrammarC.Innateness HypothesisD.Universal Grammar23.According to the conversational maxim of______suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully.（分数：2.00）A.quantityB.qualityC.relevanceD.Manner24.______is a cognitive operation whereby elements of two or more "mental spaces" are integrated via projecting into a new, blended space which has its unique structure.（分数：2.00）A.The Referential TheoryB.Speech Act TheoryC.The Classical TheoryD.Blending Theory25.______ is a theory of linguistic analysis which refers to an analysis of utterances (or texts)in term of the information they contain.（分数：2.00）A.Functional Sentence PerspectiveB.X-bar TheoryC.The Standard TheoryD.The Referential Theory26.Which of the following is not related to Chomsky?（分数：2.00）A.The Generative Grammar.B.The Standard Theory.C.The Systemic-Functional Theory.D.The Classical Theory.27.Which of the following is not the principle of Speech Act Theory?（分数：2.00）A.Illocutionary act.B.Locutionary act.C.Perlocutionary act.D.Prelocutionary act.28.It is a commonplace in linguistics to say that ______ was the era of the comparative and historical study of language.（分数：2.00）A.the 18th centuryB.the 19th centuryC.the 17 th centuryD.the 20 th century29.Three of the following scholars are regarded as the best known ones in the linguistic science of the early nineteenth century except______.（分数：2.00）A.F. BoppB.R. RaskC.J. GrimmD.K. Verner30.The major linguistic controversy in the last quarter of the 19th century was concerned with what is now referred to as ______.（分数：2.00）A.the prosodic phonologyB.the systemic grammarC.the neogrammarianD.the Generative Grammar二、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)31.Distinctive Feature（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 32.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 33.Immediate Constituent Analysis（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 34.Relevance Theory（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 35.Contrastive Analysis（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、写作题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)36.Judge which of the following sentences are grammatically ill-formed or well-formed and give your reasons why they are acceptable or unacceptable.(100 - 150 words)He said a few words to the press.He said to the press.He said to the press a few words.He said a few words.He said a few words the press.He said the press a few words.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 37.One way of formalizing, or making absolutely precise, the sense-relations that hold among lexemes is by means of Componential Analysis, that is, to find a minimal pair between every two2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________38.Austin"s first shot at his Speech Act Theory is his claim that there are two types of sentences; PERFORMATIVES and CONSTATIVES. Please state what they are and illustrate them with examples.(100 - 150 words).（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 39.Speculative grammar includes Thomas Aquinas"s inquiry based on Priscian"s grammar and Donapus" grammar, Petrus Helias" philosophical and logical explanation of Priscian"s grammar and Roger Bacon"s universal account of language under the surface of diversity. Please give your comments on their work and give your own ideas of the universality and diversity of human languages.(100 - 150 words)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编13

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编13(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)1.Such errors as "teached" and "womans" are caused by 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：second language learners）解析：解析：（这些错误一般是第二语言习得者犯的。

)2. 1is a method of foreign or second language teaching which makes use of translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Grammar-translation Method）解析：解析：（语法翻译法即在外语教学中主要运用翻译和语法学习为教学活动的方法。

)3. 1 is a grammar-based language teaching method in which principles of grammatical and lexical gradation are used and new teaching points presented and practiced through situations.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Situational language teaching）解析：解析：（情景教学法基于语法的教学方法，强调在情境中呈现语法规则和词汇级别等教学点。

) 4.There are three principles of language testing: 1, 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Validity：reliability；practicality）解析：解析：（语言测试的三个原则：效度原则、信度原则及实用性原则。

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)二、单项选择题(总题数：21，分数：42.00)5.Which of the following statement is NOT true?(大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）nguage is a means of vocal communication.nguage is instrumental. √nguage is social and conventional.解析：解析：（语言不是机械的工具的，而是一种交流方式。

)6.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature?(大连外国语学院2008研) （分数：2.00）A.ArbitrarinessB.Convention √C.Duality解析：解析：（语言的区别性特征主要是指任意性，双重性，创造性和移位性。

)7.By______we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and recursiveness.(西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.arbitrarinessB.dualityC.creativity √D.displacement解析：解析：（创造性指语言的能产性，它能够使人造出和理解无穷的长句，其中很多句子是以前从未听过的。

)8.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?(西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.tree √B.crashC.typewriterD.bang解析：解析：（crash是一个缩略语，typewriter是复合词，bang是拟声词，所以只有tree的形成是完全任意的。

)9.The functions of language do NOT include______.(大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）rmative functionB.interpersonal functionC.metacognitive function √解析：解析：（语言的主要功能包括寒暄功能、指示功能、信息功能、疑问功能、表达功能、施为功能和劝说功能。

)10.The most important sociological use of language is the______function, by which people establish and maintain their status in a society.(西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.performativeB.interpersonal √C.phaticD.metalingual解析：解析：（语言最重要的社会功能是人际功能。

)11.Saussure took a(n)______ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a______point of view.(西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.sociological... psychological √B.psychological. . . sociologicalC.applied. . . pragmaticD.semantic. . . linguistic解析：解析：（索绪尔的语言指语言社团中的语言，所以是从社会的角度研究语言。

乔姆斯基是从使用者本身掌握的语言知识研究语言，是从心理角度研究语言。

)12.According to F.de Saussure, ______refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.(西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.paroleB.performancengue √nguage解析：解析：（索绪尔的语言指语言社团中的语言。

)13.The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______.(大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.articulatory phoneticsB.acoustic phonetics √C.auditory phonetics解析：解析：（声学语音学研究语音的物质特征。

)14.Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? —A nice day, isn"t it? —Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.（分数：2.00）A.Emotive.B.Phatic. √C.Performative.D.Interpersonal.解析：解析：（谈论天气的问候语体现了语言的寒暄功能。

)15.______deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.（分数：2.00）A.Linguistic geographyB.SociolinguisticsC.Applied linguistics √parative linguistics解析：解析：（应用语言学为语言在其他领域的使用，尤其是教育方面。

)16.Verbal dueling, the use of language for the sheer joy of using it, is mainly to do with the ______, function of language.(武汉大学2011研)（分数：2.00）A.performativeB.interpersonalrmativeD.recreational √解析：解析：（如果运用语言仅仅是为了开心好玩，那就是运用了语言的娱乐功能。

)17.All syllables contain a______.(北二外2004研)（分数：2.00）A.nucleus √B.codaC.onset解析：解析：（一般的音节由节首、节核和节尾构成，一个音节中可以没有节首或节尾，但一定有节核。

)18.Of the three cavities.______is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds.(北二外2004研)（分数：2.00）A.nasal cavityB.pharynx cavityC.oral cavity √解析：解析：（在三大发音器官中，气流在口腔中受挤或转向从而产生不同的声音。

)19.Of the consonants / p/, / t/, / k/, / f/, / m/, / z/ and / g/, which has the features of voiceless and velar?(对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A./k/ √B./p/C./g/D./t/解析：解析：（／k／是清音，软腭音，爆破音；／t／是齿龈音，爆破音，清音；／g／是浊音，软腭音，爆破音，／p／是双唇音，爆破音，轻音。

)20.The consonant(s)in the word "smile" can be described as:(对外经贸2006研)（分数：2.00）A.voiceless oral alveolar fricative √B.voiceless nasal bilabial liquidC.voiced oral alveolar plosiveD.voiced oral bilabial fricative解析：解析：（／s／是清音，摩擦音，齿龈音。

)21.The vowel______is a low back vowel.(西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A./i:/B./u/C./e/D./a:/ √解析：解析：（／a／是低元音，后元音，紧音。