2011-2012年厦门大学考博试题 3008 管理学
厦门大学网络教育学位考试管理学原理参考试题主观题带答案
厦门大学网络教育学位考试管理学原理参考试题主观题带答案1. 试论述目标管理的特点是什么？在什么情况下企业适合推行目标管理？2. 领导者参与模型的领导风格包括哪五种？3. 非正式组织4. 直线职权5. 团队6. 管理学7. 领导8. 波特五力模型都包括哪几个方面的力量。
9. 业务活动10. 总体战略11. 官僚组织的要素包括哪些？12. 团队有哪些作用？13. 有效授权应该遵循哪些原则？请展开论述。
14. 权力需要15. 直线部门16. 程序化决策17. 目标－手段链18. 职能工长制19. 参谋部门20. 目标管理法如何实施？21. 保健因素22. 激励23. 如果你是一个连锁商业企业的总经理，你如何设计其组织结构？24. 中长期目标和当期财务目标是什么关系？它们可以用什么方法管理？请阐述这种方法并说明其应用范围及其利弊25. 控制26. 管理者应该如何对待非正式组织？27. 如何评价科学管理理论？28. 管理层次29. 滚动计划法30. 职能职权31. 感召权力32. 结合所学的管理学知识, 谈谈怎样作一名优秀的管理者（管理者需要掌握哪些管理技能?）33. 经营管理学派的两步分类方法包括哪两步?34. 组织文化35. 正式组织36. 管理的例外原则37. 非程序化决策38. 战略计划39. 授权的过程包括哪三个阶段？40. 论述控制焦点有哪些，分别有哪些具体手段。
41.管理者42.矩阵式组织结构有哪些优缺点?43.计划44.组织45.激励因素46.管理者需要掌握哪些管理技能47.简述目标管理法的优缺点？48.参谋职权49.组织的日常管理工作包括哪些方面？50.简述泰罗的科学管理的基本原理？51.霍桑试验的启示有哪些？52.简述管理的 14 项一般原则？53.简述企业文化的定义与层次？54.简述马斯洛的需要层次理论内容？55.为什么说管理既是一门科学又是一种艺术？1.试论述目标管理的特点是什么？在什么情况下企业适合推行目标管理？答：目标管理的特点包括以下方面：（1）目标管理是参与管理的一种形式。
厦门大学博士入学考试试题
厦门大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题Ⅰ. Reading Comprehension (30%)Part ADirections:There are two reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Y ou should decied on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should havegrown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speed, assumptions, might think it marvelous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the recovery. Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree not least among MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of shrinking management structures. What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now being exposed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek “can-dos” rather than “might-dos”, and who feel that academia bas not been suffciently appreciative of the needs of industry or of theemployers'possible contribution.It is curious, given the name of the degree, that there should be no league table for UK business schools; no unani mity about what the degree should encompass; and no agreed system of accreditation. Su rely there is something wrong. One wonders where all the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushrooming took place.Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders. The Institute of Management's 1992 survey, which revealed that eighty-one per cent of managers thought they personally would be more effective if they received more training, suggests that this might be the case. There is, too, the fact that training alone does not make successful managers. They need the inherent qualifications. Of character; a degree of self-subjugation; and above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more so now, when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflexions, if not total conviction.One can easily think of people, some comparatively unlettered, who are not lauded captains of industry. We may, therefore, not need to be too concerned about the fall in applications for business school places, or even the doubt about MBAs. The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. If the Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction of a senior management qualification, is successful, there will be a powerful corrective.We believe now that management is all about change. One hopes there will be some of that in relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. No-one doubts that we need more scientsts and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly competitive world. If scientists feel themselves undervalued and under-used, working in industrial ghettos, that is not a promising augury for the future. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science and .industry. Above all, we have tomake sure that management is not itself smug about its status and that it does not issue mission statements about communication without realizing that the essence of it is a dialogue. More empowerment is required and we should strive to achieve it.1. What is the writer's view in the reading passage?A.He believes that there are too many MBAsB.He believes that the degree is over-valuedC.He believes that standards are inconsistentD.He believes that the degree has dubious value2. According to the passage, employers_________.A.feel that they have not been consulted sufficiently about their needsB.consider that cost-consciousness is the most important qualificationC.are more concerned about the value of the degree than graduates themselvesD.feel that MBAs will not be necessary because of shrinkingmanagement structures3. According to the passage_________.A.managers need a degree and the ability to communicateB.training need to be done in groups to be successfulC.managers today must have good communication and leadership skillsD.industrial managers do not need to write letters.4. In the writer's opinion_________.A.science increases competitionB.scientists are undervaluedC.the management of science needs reassessmentD.management feels smug about its status5. Which of the information is true according to the passage?A.Most managers interviewed felt that their colleagues needed more trainingB.Employers today are looking for proven experience rather than potential abilityC.The Management Charter Initiative is an attempt to standardize MBAspanies would have benefited more from recruiting MBAs rather than investing in theirown staffPassage 2One of the many theories about alcoholism is the learning and reinforcement theory, which explains alcoholism by considering alcohol ingestion as a reflex response to some stimulus and as a way to reduce an inner drive state such as fear or anxiety. Characterizing life situations in terms of approach and avoidance, this theory holds that persons tend to be drawn to pleasant situations or repelled by unpleasant once. In the latter case, alcohol ingestion is said to reduce the tension or feelings of unpleasantness and to replace them with the feeling of euphoria generally observed in most persons aften they have consumed one or more drinks.Some experimental evidence tends to show that alcohol reduces fear in an approach-avoidance situation. Conger trained one group of rats to approach a food goal and, using aversive conditioning, trained another group to avoid electric shock. After an injection of alcohol the pull away from the shock was measurably weaker, while the pull toward the food was unchanged.The obvious troubles experienced by alcoholic persons appear to contradict the learningtheory in the explanation of alcoholism. The discomfort, pain, and punishment they experience should presumably serve as a deterrent to drinking. The fact that alcoholic persons continue to drink in the face of family discord, loss of employment, illness, and other sequels of repeated bouts is explained by the proximity of the drive reduction to the consumption of alcohol; that is, alcohol has the immediate effect of reducing tension while the unpleasant consequences of drunken behavior come only later. The learning paradigm, therefore, favors the establishment and repetition of the resort to alcohol.In fact, the anxieties and feelings of guilt induced by the consequences of excessive alcohol ingestion may themselves become the signal for another bout of alcohol abuse. The way in which the clue for another bout could be the anxiety itself is explained by the process of stimulus generalization: conditions or events occurring at the time of reinforcement tend to acquire the characteristics of stimuli. When alcohol is consumed in association with a state of anxiety or fear, the emotional state itself takes on the properties of a stimulus, thus triggering another drinking bout.The role of punishment is becoming increasingly important in formulating a cause of alcoholism based on the principles of learning theory. While punishment may serve to suppress a response, experiments have shown that in some cases it can serve as a reward and reinforce tile behavior. Thus if the alcoholic person has learned to drink under conditions of both reward and punishment, either type of condition may precipitate renewed drinking.Ample experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that excessive alcohol consumption can be learned. By gradually increasing the concentration of alcohol in drinking water, psychologists have been able to induce the ingestion of larger amounts of alcohol by an animal than would be normally consumed. Other researchers have been able to achieve similar results by varying the schedule of reinforcement; that is, by requiring the animal to consume larger and larger amounts of the alcohol solutions before rewarding it. In this manner, animals learn to drink enough to become dependent on alcohol in terms of demonstrating withdrawal symptoms.6. The author's primary purpose in the passage is to_________.A.support Alcoholics Anonymous as a means of coping with alcoholismB.present a learning paradigm that will help alcoholics to understand what causes theirdependence upon alcoholC.explain the application of a psychological approach to alcoholismD.help researchers Io formulate workable hypotheses about the treatment of alcoholism7. To which one of the following questions does the author provide enough information to formulate an answer?A.Why do people who are alcoholics continue to drink even though the consequences of theirdrinking are very unpleasant?B.How did Conger explain the behavior of alcoholics in terns of shock therapy?C.Under what circumstances does an alcoholic benefit from anxiety attacks?D.To what extent does stimulus generalization prevent alcohol ingestion from becoming thesignal for another bout of alcohol abuse?8. Which of the following statements is not directly stated but can be inferred from the passage?A.The behavior of alcoholics contradicts the approach-avoidance theory.B.People may be taught by experience to become alcoholies.C.Punishment may become the stimulus for added drinking.D.The behavior of alcoholics seems to defy accepted psychological theories.9. Which of the following, according to the passage, contribute (s) to alcoholism?Ⅰ. the need to reduce tensions and anxietiesⅡ. the anxieties resulting from guilt feelings about previous drinking boutsⅢ. punishment for alcoholic behaviorA.Ⅰ onlyB.Ⅰ and Ⅱ onlyC.Ⅰ, Ⅱ,and ⅢD.Ⅱ and Ⅲ only10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A.If the pleasurable taste of whisky leads to an acquired taste for brandy, then stimulusgeneralization has occurred.B.Slapping a child for misbehaving may over time encourage him to repeat his misbehavior.C.If a person has learned to drink under two sets of conditions, both must be present in order toinduce him to drink.D.The troubles experienced by alcoholics as a result of their alcoholism tend to encourage themto abstain from drinking.Part BSummary and TRUE or FALSE question. (10 points)Malnutrition during weaning age—when breast milk is being replaced by semi-solid foods—is highly prevalent in children of poor households in many developing countries. While the etiology(病因学)is complex and multifactorial, the immediate causes are recognized as feeding at less than adequate levels for child growth and development, and recurrent infections, including diarrhea, resulting mainly from ingestion of contaminated foods. As a result, many young children, particularly between six months to two years of age, experience weight loss and impaired growth and development.Studies by investigators in various countries have concentrated on traditional food preparation methods and have resulted in offering cheap and practical answers to these problems based on familiar, indigenous and culturally acceptable home processing practices.Two such answers have arisen. Firstly cereal fermentation is used for reducing tile risk of contamination under tile existing inappropriate conditions for food preparation and storage in may households. Secondly, a tiny amonut of sprouted grains flour is used in preparation of weaning foods as a magic way to lessen the viscosity without decreasing energy density.A method to eliminate pathogenic (致病的)bacteria and inhibit their growth during storage of weaning preparations can benefit nutrition and health in young children considerably. Use of fermented foods for feeding children of weaning age appears to be an effective solution. Fermented foods have lower levels of diarrhoeal germ contamination, they are suitable for child feeding, and can be safely stored for much longer periods of time than fresh foods. The practice has been a traditional way of food preservation in many parts of the world. The anti-microbial properties of fermented foods and their relative higher safety—documented since tile early 1900's —have been indicated in a number of studies.In Ghana, it is common to ferment maize dough before cooking it as porridge. In Kenya, cerealbased porridge and milk are traditionally fermented. Preserving milk in tile form of yogurt has been known to many households living in hot climate.What are the underlying mechanisms by which fermentation processes help to prevent or reduce contamination? A possible answer suggests that during the fermentation process foods become more acid. This explains why diarrhea-causing bacteria are not able to grow in fermented foods as rapidly as in unfermented ones. It is also hypothesized that some of the germs present in the foods are killed or inhibited from growing through the action of anti-microbial substances produced during fermentation. The fermented foods can, therefore, be kept for a longer time compared to fresh ones. It has been shown that while contamination levels in cooked unfermented foods increase with storage time, fermented foods remain less contaminated.Whatever tile underlying mechanisms, the fact is that tile exercise reduces contamination without adding to tile household cost both in terms of time and money. Its preparation is easy. The cereal flour is mixed with water to form a dough which is left to be fermented; addition of yeast(酵母), or mixing with a small portion of previously fermented dough is sometimes needed. The dough can then be cooked into porridge for feeding to tile child.Although beneficial, unfortunately the practice is going out of fashion, partly because of current emphasis on tile use of fresh foods, particularly for children. For example, a study on the use of fermented foods for young children in Kenya, demonstrated that while foods are still frequently fermented at home for child feeding, their use is becoming less popular, particularly in urban area where commercial products are more available. Clearly they now need to be promoted.Directions:The statements below relate to the passage you have just read. Identify, whether they are TRUE or FALSE and mark the corresponding letter(T for True and F for False) on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.11. The fermentation of foods is investigated because it both inhibits food contamination and enhances storability.12. Anti microbial substances in fermented foods cause acidity.13. Fermented foods are free of contamination.14. It can be beneficial to ferment breast milk before feeding to young children.15. Cooked foods can be stored longer than fresh foods.16. Cereals can be fermented by adding water and letting the dough stand.17. Traditional fermented foods are being replaced by commercial products in some locations.Directions:Below is a summary of some of the main points of the passage. Read the summary and then select the best word or phrase from the box below; according to the passage. Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single lineMalnutrition and the resulting impaired growth and development in children of weaning age in developing countries results not only from (18)_________but also from infections caused bycontaminated food. Studies have addressed the problem of inadequate intake by using sprouted grains in food preparation. Contamination has been tackled with (19)_________. Both of these methods are, or were used traditionally and are practical and inexpensive.Fermented foods have highter (20)_________and also have anti-microbial qualities. This means that contamination is decreased and that their (21)_________is increased. Fermentation occurs when (22)_________is left to stand, occasionally with simple additives. These is, however, a trend away from this (23)_________to commercial products.Ⅱ. V ocabulary and Structure (10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the center1. Susan prefers to have her left_________photographed as she believes that's her better side.A.veilB.viewC.fringeD.profile2. Reading became difficult for the old lady, so the optician_________her a pair of glasses to make her reading possible.A.proscribedB.inscribedC.prescribedD.described3. Since any answer was likely to cause embarrassment to his party, the politician tried to_________the question.A.evadeB.deludeC.secludeD.invade4. The policeman tried to_________the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A.induceB.abductC.indulgeD.lure5. Y ou must_________yourself, or they will continue to bully you, so you will go on living in disgrace.A.promoteB.strengthenC.assertD.assess6. This teaching method is a _________ of many methods which have been used for decades in the country.A.symposiumB.symphonyC.spectrogramD.synthesis7. Mr. Scott asked for an assistant because his work load was too_________.A.preoccupiedB.onerousC.triflingD.omnipresent8. In the past most pilots have been men, but today the number of women_________this field is climbing.A.shammingB.devotingC.registeringD.pursuing9. The Coriolis force causes all moving projectiles on Earth to be_________from a straight line.A.distractedB.deviatedC.intriguedD.permeated10. The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston_________a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.A.intent onB.provokedC.elatedD.pruned11. People of all countries are expected to _________ the principles of the United Nations and defend the peace in the world.A.inspectB.expeditedC.upholdD.reinstall12. She never_________to read the news but turned at once to the crossword on the last page.A.indulgedB.troubledC.exertedD.frustrated13. It demands artistic skill for a manager to _________ disputes among his employees.A.rectifyB.rebukeC.negotiateD.reconcile14. All the commodities sold in that shop are given one year's_________.A.assuranceB.warrantC.guaranteeD.insurance15. They are taught by their superiors that a soldier who _________ his post in time of war is to be shot.A.desertsB.deflectsC.detainsD.threw16. For many people, overeating and overspending are as _________ to Christmas as candles and holly.A.integralB.suitableC.inevitablepatible17. Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of _________ love.A.extravagantB.prominentC.prescientD.eternal18. The magician picked out several persons_________ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.A.by accidentB.on averageC.on occasionD.at random19. We need one hundred more signatures befoe we take the _________ to the governor.A.pleaB.petitionC.patentD.claim20. Strict sanitary procedures formulated by our municipal government help to _________ out-breaks of diseases.A.previewB.forestallC.igniteD.fluctuateⅢ. Translation (15 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.1. The Single long a stock figure in stories, songs and personal ads. was traditionally someone at the margins of society: a figure of fun. pity or awe. In the place of withered spinsters and bachelors are people like Elizabeth de Kergorlay, a 29-year-old Parisian banker who views her independence and her own apartment as the spoils of professional success.As the sages would say, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. 2. This isn't the stuff of gloomy philosophical meditations, but a fact of Europe's new economic landscape, embraced by demographers, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. 3. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyles, observes French sociologist, lean Claude Kaufmanns, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century.4. The communications revolution, the shiftfrom a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have wreaked havoc on Europeans'private lives.More andmore of them are remaining on their own: they're living longer, divorcing more and marrying later—if at all. British marriage rates are the lowest in 160 years of records. INSEE, France's National Institute of Statistics, reports that the number of French people living alone doubled between 1968 and 1990.Europe's new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence.5. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe's shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today's tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics.Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. A recent poll by the Institute Francois dominion Publique, the Frech affiliate of the Gallup poll, found that 58 percent of Frenchrespondents vi ewed living alone as a choice, not an obligation. Other European singles agree. “I've always wanted to be free to go on adventures,” says Iris Expender, who lives by herself in Berlin.Ⅳ. Writing (15%)Nowadays we can see American films and TV programs pouring in, fast food restaurants popping up in our cities, and many other imported products dominating our markets. Many people are happy to see them whereas others worry about such trends. Give your opinion in an essay of no less than 250 words.试题详解Ⅰ. Reading Comprehension (30%)Part A1.C 从文中第三段可知；A，B，D三项文中提到过，但只是某些人的观点，作者并未完全赞同。
2011年厦门大学管理学与管理经济试题
2011年厦门大学808管理学和管理经济学研究生入学考试试题管理学一、名词解释（5分*3）群体意识企业社会责任营销渠道部门化制二简答（10分*4）1、战略管理的过程2、围绕职能组建部门的优缺点3、根据弗鲁姆—杰戈—耶顿的领导参与模型，说明不同的领导决策风格4、控制所导致的非预计行为后果有哪些三、论述（20分*1）劳动力多元化给管理人员带来的障碍有哪些？如何通过多元化管理改善绩效？管理经济学部分一、名词解释（5分*3）生产可能性曲线基尼系数理性经济人二、简答（10分*2）1、完全竞争市场的条件2、有垄断势力的厂商为什么无法给出确定的供给曲线三、计算题（12.5分*2）1、需求曲线为P=25-0.25Q（0<Q≤20），P=35-0.75Q(Q>20)。
TC=200+5Q+0.255Q²（1）说明企业所处的市场结构（2）求最优产量和价格，企业盈利（或亏损）量是多少？（3）若TC=？（想不起来了）求最优产量和价格？2、垄断厂商需求曲线为P=120-Q，TC=Q²，（1）求最优产量和价格（2）若向厂商征一次性税100（好像是这个数），求最优产量（3）若按销售量征税，每单位征税20，求最优产量和价格（4）若要使其有效率，怎样制定最高限价？是否需要制定最低限价？四、案例分析（15分*1）温室效应、低碳经济的一段材料，要求用微观经济学相关原理说明政府针对这个问题应采取的政策。
说明：试题是考生考试的时候抄写，考后制作的，几乎接近完整版的试题，完整版的试题今年更新后免费发送给购买资料的同学；友情提示：今年管理学换教材感觉和以前的很不一样建议以后考生好好看德斯勒那本书。
2011年厦门大学管理学与管理经济学(管理学部分)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年厦门大学管理学与管理经济学（管理学部分）考研真题及详解厦门大学2011年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码：808科目名称：管理学与管理经济学招生专业：会计学、企业管理、市场营销学、旅游管理、财务学考生须知：答题必须使用（蓝）色黑水（圆珠）笔；不得在试题（草稿）纸上作答；凡未按规定作答均不予评阅、判分。
管理经济学部分(共75分)一、名词解释（每题5分，共15分）1．群体思维2．企业的社会责任3．营销渠道部门制二、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1．战略管理的基本过程包括哪几个方面？2．围绕职能组建部门有何优缺点？3．根据弗鲁姆·杰戈·耶顿的领导参与模型，领导的决策风格包括哪些类型？4.控制可能导致哪些非预计行为后果？三、论述题（每题20分，共20分）随着时代的变化，世界各国的劳动力正在变得日益多元化，使得经营者面临道德管理以及其它各方面的挑战。
请分析劳动力多元化给经理人员带来了什么障碍，应该如何通过多远化管理改善公司绩效。
管理经济学部分（共75分）一、名词解释（每题5分，共15分）1．生产可能性曲线2．基尼系数3．理性经济人二、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1．请简述完全竞争市场存在的条件2．为什么一旦厂商具有一定的垄断势力，就难以为其确定一条确定的供给曲线？三、计算题（每题12.5分，共25分）1．某公司对以下两段需求曲线p=25-0.25Q（当产量为0.20时）p=35-0.75Q（当产量超过0.20时）公司总成本函数为：TC1=200+5Q+0.255Q2（1）说明公司所属行业的市场结构是什么类型？（2）公司的最优价格和产量是多少？这时利润（亏损）多大？（3）如果成本函数改为TC2=200+8Q+0.25Q2，最优价格和产量是多少？2．一垄断厂商的成本函数为TC=Q2，其面临的需求为P=120-Q。
求：（1）垄断的价格和产量是多少？（2）政府向该厂商征收一次性税赋100元，这时，厂商的产量是多少？（3）政府改为对每销售一单元产品征税20元，这时，厂商的价格和产量是多少？（4）政府改用价格管制，为了使社会最优，即社会效率无损失，价格的上限是多少？要不要规定下限？四、案例分析题（每题15分，共15分）全球变暖是指全球气温升高，近100多年来，全球气温经历了冷-暖-冷-暖两次波动，总得看为上升趋势。
2012年厦门大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年厦门大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．The weather wasn’t favorable and both teams had to______icy rain and a strong wind during the match.A．pin downB．get stuck inC．take control ofD．contend with正确答案：D解析：D选项：contend with的意思为“与(某事物)抗争；苦于应付”，如：Theyhad to contend with winds and sand storms．(他们必须与大风沙作斗争。
)句意：天气很不好，两支球队在比赛中还得应对狂风和冰冷的雨水。
故选D。
其他三项意思分别是：pin down把……固定住，迫使作出决定；get stuck in开始起劲地做某事；take control of控制。
2．People planning to travel by car to North Dakota in the winter are advised to______ their cars with snow tires and warm clothing.A．installB．purchaseC．provideD．equip正确答案：D解析：D选项：equip的意思为“装备，使有能力”。
equip的宾语后可接由with引导的短语，表示“用……装备”，如：Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam．(请准备一枝尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。
2011年4月应用经济学博士研究生试题
2011年4月应用经济学博士研究生试题精品文档--------------------------精品文档，可以编辑修改，等待你的下载，管理，教育文档--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2012年交大西方经济学试题1、斯勒茨基方程和修正的斯勒茨基方程的异同。
2、成本理论分析我国自然垄断的定价问题。
3、价格、汇率、货币，分析与汇率变动对我国经济政策的影响。
4、新凯恩斯商业周期理论对需求冲击解释的贡献和局限。
2011年4月应用经济学博士研究生试题一、政府采用税收、补贴及配给的政策手段对消费者的市场消费行为有何不同影响,(25分)二、试论述帕累托最优的实现条件及其可实现性(25分) 三、运用价格、汇率和货币的一般均衡模型说明中国目前在实现宏观经济内外均衡时所面临的矛盾，并评价政府采用的应对措施的政策效果(25分)四、运用索洛增长模型比较储蓄、人口增长以及技术进步在经济增长中的不同作用，并分析转变中国经济增长方式的有效实现路径。
(25)2010年试题1、分析假设汽油税全部转嫁给消费者，然后政府再将所有的税收返还，问这样的政策效用,--------------------------精品文档，可以编辑修改，等待你的下载，管理，教育文档--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------精品文档--------------------------精品文档，可以编辑修改，等待你的下载，管理，教育文档---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2、绩效工资理论，它对“民工荒”问题的借鉴,3、CA\S\I三者的关系，并分析如何利用他们调整结构保增长,4、通胀预期理论分析如何解决我国当前的经济发展问题。
管理学考博试题及答案
管理学考博试题及答案管理学考博试题及答案管理学是一门综合性的交叉学科，是系统研究管理活动的基本规律和一般方法的科学。
管理学是适应现代社会化大生产的需要产生的，它的目的是：研究在现有的条件下，如何通过合理的组织和配置人、财、物等因素，提高生产力的水平。
下面是管理学考博试题及答案，请参考！管理学考博试题及答案一、名词解释（本大题共7小题,每小题3分,共21分）管理目标管理预测决策人员配备激励控制二、单项选择题(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内.1．管理的性质不包括（）A.二重性B.科学性C.理论性D.艺术性2．人们常说,身体是“三分治七分养”,对于这件事（）A．反馈控制比前馈控制更重要 B．现场控制比反馈控制更重要C．反馈控制现场控制更重要 D．前馈控制比反馈控制更重要3．打电话请供应商来换一台同目前用坏的机器一样的设备,这是设备的简单替换问题,需要的管理技能主要是（）A. 概念技能和技术技能B.人际技能和技术技能C.技术技能D.人际技能和概念技能4．差别计件工资制是（）的内容之一.A．泰罗的科管理理论 B．法约尔的一般管理理论C．韦伯的行政管理理论 D．现代管理理论5．没有一个固定的信息中心,成员之间总是互相传递信息的是（）A．园型沟通 B．Y型沟通C．全通道型沟通 D．轮型沟通6. 根据计划的明确性,可以将计划分为（）A．长期计划、中期计划和短期计划B．战略性计划和战术性计划C．具体性计划和指导性计划D．程序性计划和非程序性计划7．（）是指企业在计划期内反映有预计现金收支、经营成果和财务状况的预算.A．经营预算 B．投资预算C．财务预算 D成本预算8．目标的制定有一定的高度和难度,这体现了目标的（）A. 差异性 B．层次性C. 时间性 D．先进性9．某企业制造并销售单一成品,固定成本总额为60万元,产品售价为每件30元,单位变动成本为10元,该企业的盈亏平衡时的产量为（）A. 3000 B．2000C. 30000 D．2000010．按照决策的主体,可以将决策分为（）A. 长期决策和短期决策 B．个体决策和群体决策C. 程序化和非程序化决策D．确定型、风险型和不确定型决策11．下列关于管理幅度与管理层次的描述正确的是（）A．管理幅度与管理层次共同决定组织规模B. 为了保证管理效果,管理幅度越大越好C．当组织规模一定时,管理幅度与管理规模成正比关系D.管理幅度越窄,管理层次就越多,组织结构就呈扁平型12．如何留住人才、减少人才的流失、发挥人才优势,这体现的是领导艺术中的（）A．授权艺术 B．决策艺术C．用人艺术 D．创新艺术13．对应试者进行全面的考核和考察,避免以偏概全,这是指人员招聘和选拔原则中的（）A．全面考核原则 B．公开招聘原则C．择优录取原则 D．公平竞争原则14．一个企业的精神文化是指（）A．厂容厂貌 B．职工风貌C．沉淀于企业职工心里的意识形态 D．产品形象15．领导生命周期理论是（）的典型代表A．领导特理论 B．领导行为理论C．领导周期理论 D．领导权变理论三、多项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个选项中有二至四个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内.多选、少选、错选均无分.1．管理者的角色包括（）A．信息传递角色 B．人际关系角色C．领导者角色 D．决策制定角色2．战略评价就是要保证所选的战略具有（）A．经济性 B．适用性C．可行性 D．可接受性3．目标的作用有（）A．导向作用 B．激励作用C．凝聚作用 D．考核标准4．预测的类型有（）A．社会和政治预测 B．科学与技术预测C．环境预测 D．经济预测5．控制过程应包括以下几个步骤（）A．确立标准 B．衡量成效C．纠正偏差 D．改变计划6．激励的作用有（）A．有利于调动和激发员工的积极性B. 有利于将职工的个人目的和企业目标统一起来C．有利于员工利益的实现D.有利于增强组织的凝聚力,促进组织内部的协调和统一7．组织结构的类型有（）A．直线一体化 B．垂直一体化C．矩阵制 D．网络制8．面试中常见的偏差有（）A．第一印象 B．面试官支配与诱导C．个人好恶与偏见 D．相对标准9．构成领导自身影响力的因素有（）A．品德 B．水平C．知识 D．情感10．有效沟通的技巧有（）A．作为信息发送者的管理者有效沟通的技巧B．作为信息传递者的管理者的有效沟通的技巧C．作为信息接受者的管理者进行有效沟通的技巧D．信息沟通的障碍及其排除四、简答题(本大题共5小题,1-4每小题5分,第5题4分,共24分)1．简述管理的特征.2．简述计划工作的程序.3．组织设计应该遵守哪些原则?4．激励的方法有哪些?5．按照不同的标准可以把沟通分成哪些种类?五、案例题（本大题共2道,共20分）一、阿斯旺水坝的灾难规模在世界数得着的埃及阿斯旺水坝在20世纪70年代初竣工了.表面上看,这座水坝给埃及人带来的廉价的电力,控制了水旱灾害,灌溉了农田.然而,实上却破坏了尼罗河流域的生态平衡,造成了一些列灾难：由于罗河的泥沙和有机质沉积到水库底部,使尼罗河两岸的绿洲失去肥源——几亿吨淤泥,土壤日益盐碱化；由于尼罗河河口供沙不足,河口三角洲平原向内陆收缩,使工厂、港口、国防工事有跌入地中海的危险；由于缺乏来自陆地的盐分和有机物,致使沙丁鱼的年捕获量减少1.8万吨；由于大坝阻隔,使尼罗河下游的活水变成相对静止的“湖泊”,为血吸虫和疟蚊的繁殖提供了条件,致使水库区一带血吸虫病流行.埃及造此大坝带来的灾难性后果,使人们深深的感叹：一失足成千古恨!1．阿斯旺水坝的决策属什么类型的决策?为什么?2．关于埃及建造阿斯旺水坝的这项决策,以下（）说法是最不可能成立的.A．人们在作出决策时,对于决策结果究竟要达到什么样的'预定目标,这种认识往往与价值判断有关B．尽管人们可能对决策要实现什么样的预定目标作出事实判断,但决策方案在实施过程中总难免要付出一定的代价C．现实中的决策往往是多目标决策D．任何决策方案在带来实现预定目标所希望的证明效果的同时,往往也可能引起各种负面效果3．埃及阿斯旺水坝的决策给我们提供了什么启示?二、亨利的困惑亨利已经在数据系统公司工作了5年.在这期间,他从普通编程员升到了资深的程序编制分析员.他对自己所服务的这家公司相当满意,很快被工作中的创造性要求所激励.一个周末的下午,亨利和他的朋友及同事迪安一起打高尔夫球.他了解到他所在的部门新雇了一位刚从大学毕业的程序编制分析员.尽管亨利是个好脾气的人,但他听说这新来者的起薪仅比他现在的工资少30美元时,不禁发火了.亨利是在迷惑不解.他感到这里一定有问题.下周一的早上,亨利找到了人事部主任爱德华,问他自己听说的事是不是真的?爱德华带有歉意的说,确有这么回事.但他试图解释公司的处境；“亨利,编程分析员的市场相当紧俏.为使公司能吸引合格的人员,我们不得不提供较高的起薪.我们非常需要增加一名编程分析员,因此,我们只能这么做.”亨利问能否相应提高他的工资.爱德华回答说；“你的工资需按正常的绩效评估时间评定后再调.你干的非常不错!我相信老板到时会给你提薪的.”亨利在向爱德华道了声；“打扰了!”便离开了他的办公室,边走边不停的摇头,很对自己在公司的前途感到疑惑.1．本案例描述的事件会对亨利的工作动力产生什么样的影响?哪一种激励理论可以更好的解释亨利的困惑?为什么?2．你觉得爱德华的解释会让亨利感到满意吗?请说明理由.3．你认为公司应当对亨利采取些什么措施?答案一、1管理是通过计划、组织、控制、激励和领导等环节来协调人力、物力和财力资源,以期更好地达成组织目标的过程.2目标管理是以目标的设置和分解、目标的实施及完成情况的检查、奖惩为手段,通过员工的自我管理来实现企业的经营目的一种管理方法.3预测就是根据过去和现在的已知因素,运用已有的知识、经验和科学方法,对未来环境进行预先估计,并对事物未来的发展趋势做出估计和评价.4决策是对未来的行为确定目标,并从两个或两个以上的可行方案中,选择一个合理方案的分析判断过程,即多方案择优.5人员配备,是指对人员进行恰当而有效地选拔、培训和考评,其目的是为了配备合适的人员去充实组织机构中所规定的各项职务,以保证组织活动的正常进行,进而实现组织的既定目标.6激励是指人类的一种心理状态,它具有加强和激发动机,推动并引导行为指向目标的作用.7控制是指接受系统内外的有关信息,按既定的目标对系统进行监督、检查、发现偏差,采取正确的措施使系统按预定的计划运行,或适当的调整计划,以达到预期目的的管理活动.二、 1-5 CDBAC6-10 CCDCB11-15 ACACD三、1-5 ABD BCD ABCD ABD ABC6-10 ABD BCD ABCD ACD ACD四、简答1特征：管理的载体是组织；管理具有目的性；管理的对象是组织资源；管理是各种职能活动应用的过程；管理的核心是协调各种人际关系；管理活动是在特定的组织内外部环境约束下进行的. 2估量机会；确定目标；明确计划前提；提出可行性方案；评价备选方案；选定方案；拟订支持计划；编制预算.3 统一指挥原则；分工协作原则；权责一致原则；集权与分权相结合原则；有效管理幅度原则；弹性结构原则；经济原则.4 物质利益激励法；目标激励法；榜样激励法；内在激励法；形象与荣誉激励法；信任关怀激励法；兴趣激励法；培训、信息和改善环境.5 按信息沟通的渠道,可分为正式沟通与非正式沟通；按信息沟通的传递方向,可分为单向沟通与双向沟通；按沟通的表现形式,可分为口头沟通、书面沟通和非语言沟通；按沟通的方向,可分为上行沟通、下行沟通和平等沟通.五、案例一、1. 不确定型决策；可以结合案例回答,关键字要包括是根据决策后果判断的类型.2 .C3.只要涉及到决策的选优标准只要达到足够满意、正面效果大于负面效果可酌情给分二、1．亨利变得不满,工作动力会减少,工作积极性降低;过程型激励理论中的公平理论可以解释亨利的困惑,公平理论认为职工被激励的程度不仅受其所得绝对报酬的影响,而且也受到相对报酬的影响.亨利将他的收入和相类似职工的收入比较,结果是不公平的,产生了不公平感,影响了他积极性的发挥.2．不会,使亨利产生不公平感的根本原因没有得到解决.可发挥,酌情给分.3．可以对亨利进行公平心理的疏导,引导其树立正确的公平观：使大家认识到的绝对的公平是没有的；不要盲目攀比,所谓盲目性起源于纯主观的比较,多听听别人的看法,也许会客观一些；不要按酬付劳,按酬付劳是在公平问题上造成恶性循环的主要杀手.可发挥请采纳.。
厦大管理学真题0-08年
2006年管理专业课试题管理学部分一、名词解释：管理跨度、前馈控制、程序化决策、MBO二、简答题：1.如何使计划的前提有效？2为什么大百货公司和超市联营店是按地区组织商店，然后按产品组织内部摊位的？画一个大百货组织图试分析之。
3.举例分析职能职权应用的利弊4.为什么凭实时信息不足以进行有效控制？三、论述题为什么说管理既是一门科学又是一门艺术。
结合例子加以分析管理经济学部分一、名词解释卡特尔、内在经济和外在经济、里昂剔夫生产函数、基尼系数二、简答题1. 为什么低档商品的需求价格弹性可能为正、负数或者零2. 理智的厂商为什么在第二阶段投产三、计算题1. 汤姆每周3元消费于花生牛奶和果冻。
花生牛奶每盎司0.05元，果冻0.10元每盎司，面包免费。
汤姆只想吃以一盎司花生奶油和2盎司果冻做的面包三明治，消费习惯一生不变。
问：1）汤姆每周会买多少花生牛奶和果冻2）如果果冻价格上升到每盎司0.15元，则他将买多少花生牛奶和果冻3）汤姆每周用于三明治的总支出应该增加多少元才能弥补果冻的价格上升2. 假定厂商面临的需求曲线D1：P=4-0.05Q，边际成本保持在1元不变。
求：1）需求曲线不变，利润最大化时的产量和价格假定厂商支付10元做广告，则需求曲线变为D2：P=6-0.1Q。
做广告合算吗？四、论述题:好象讲美国两个地方,一个地方的政府允许做广告,而另一个地方的政府不允许做广告,并有一表格,显示做广告的地方的眼镜价格比较低,问题是:(1)厂商做广告会增加成本,也就是说厂商最好不要做广告,这样可以使成本最低,你觉得合理吗?(用成本论和垄断竞争图形解答)(2)为什么在美国有广告的地方的眼镜价格比没做广告的地方的眼镜价格低呢?(个人认为:规模效益竞争(信息越充分则市场越趋向于完全竞争,则竞争越激烈) 成本较低)(3)1987年,美国FTA(忘记是什么委员会)要取消禁止做广告的限制?(个人认为:有效配置资源加强竞争有利于节省资源宏观角度看有利于增加需求,从而增加国民收入) 2007年企业管理专业课试题管理学部分一，名词解释1，企业社会责任2，组织文化3，交易型领导者二，简答题1，职能职权有哪两种形式？2，目前我国在大力提倡自主创新，那么对企业组织而言，需要营造什么样的组织文化来激发创新？3，高层管理者，中层管理者，基层管理者的职责有何不同？4， SWOT矩阵四种可供选择的战略的主要内容？三，论述题1，过程学派的学者认为：管理是一个过程，管理者就是在这个过程中重复地履行各种职能的；经理角色学派的学者则认为：管理者是在充当各种不同的角色的。
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2011年厦门大学博士研究生入学考试---3008管理学
一、你怎样认识控制与计划是一对孪生兄弟？（20分）
二、世界上为什么没有最好与唯一的领导风格？（20分）
三、列出影响世界管理学理论发展的管理学家及理论并对其贡献做出简要评价？（20分）
四、如何做到有效决策，你是怎样认识的？（20分）
五、近日，阿里巴巴B2B公司(1688.HK)宣布，公司CEO卫哲、COO 李旭晖引咎辞职。
原因在于，2010年公司清理了逾千名涉嫌欺诈的“中国供应商”客户，近百名阿里巴巴销售人员默许或参与协助。
这些人员将按照公司制度接受包括开除在内的多项处理。
请就以上案例，运用相关管理学理论进行分析。
（20分）
厦门大学2012年考博真题管理学
1.有人说“计划是面对未来的，而控制是回顾过去的”对此进行评述，并阐述两者的关系？
2．作为企业的高管，你是倾向于集权还是分权？为什么?
3. “大材小用，不如不用，小材大用，可以一用”。
在领导使用人员的过程中许多管理者信守这个格言，你认为这句格言的合理性在哪？
4. 控制工作应强调提高员工的自我控制，你是否同意这一看法？
5. 用管理学对柯达公司盛极而衰的前因后果进行分析，并指出其中存在哪些可进一步深入研究的管理学问题？。