专八改错技巧总结

英语专八改错解题思路 1. 宏观层面分析（1）句子结构（理顺整个句子的结构，必要时检索上下文）（2）逻辑关系（关联词选择：并列、递进、因果、转折、假设、让步等）（3）时态和语态（完成时和虚拟语气是考查重点）2. 微观层面分析（1）缺漏（介词、代词、引导词）（2）冗余（两个主语、同义重复）（3）误用（词性、分词、正反义、主被动、形容词和副词级别）（4）一致性（名词单复数、主谓一致、先行词）（5）词义与固定搭配3. 注意事项（1）即使按照语感很快找到了疑似错误，也要坚持读完全句再做判断，可能会有新的发现。

过于相信第一感觉而带来的失分是划不来的。

（2）分两次改比较合理，因为毕竟只有少数人能够在第一遍看材料的时候就找出所有的错误，尽管这些错误不见得隐藏得多深。

（3）常考题型，高度警惕。

冠词：the变a, a变the，补the补a，删a删the，每年都玩的把戏。

单复数：无非是his变their之类的，关键是细心。

近义词：例如distinct和distinctive，move和movement，interest和interests…反义词：尤其看到dis, un, im，in，non之类的，更要琢磨一下。

关联词：几乎是保留节目，and, but, however, though, moreover, therefore…非谓语动词：见了ing想ed，见了ed想ing, 就是这么贱。

形容词比较级：多半是把原形改为比较级。

考的频率也蛮高的。

虚拟语气：注意一下还是比较容易看出来的，多长个心眼儿吧。

It：有时要加，有时要删，有时要变itself，总之多盯“它”几眼。

动词词组：其实主要是介词的问题，这个没办法临时抱佛脚，要靠积累.改错：1、改错虽然为主观题，但错误类型相对集中，可分为以下几种情况：定冠词：a, an, the误用，甚至多出来；解决办法：分析定冠词的主语及上下文有无指代；级：分两类错误，第一种是原级用成比较级，比较级用成最高级，反之亦然。

有一种除外，是两者比较谁最好，可以用最高级；第二种是意思相反，如most改为least；连词错误：也分两种，第一种为连词误用，应该表示转折的用成了并列，比如while改为and；第二种为近义词。

在不同语境中用However, Nonetheless, 比用but更合适，更合乎语法；（与逻辑关系也有关，看上下文，联系语境）词性错误：多出现为形容词转变为副词，反之亦然；也有可能是限定，如adv.+adj.+n.，如下所说；形容词改为动词或名词等，多出现在一词多性的情况下；形容词限定错误：出现在adj.+adj.+n.要知道第1个adj.是限定第2个adj.还是限定n.；若是限定第2个adj.，大多改为副词adv.；搭配错误：多为介词搭配错误，如in some extent改为to，rely in改为on等；也有搭配词没有给出，需要自己添加，比如define...as；词义错误：比如：rather than改为other than；（此项比较难）近义形容词错误：例如：respective, respectable, respectful, respecting, respected；（此项比较难）缺失：例如the fact 后面直接接了句子，中间缺少that，表明同位关系；多余：有的地方莫名其妙多出一个词，多为介词，是没有用的；词义相反：多出现在形容词，需要在前面添加或去掉in-, im-, ir-, un-等否定前缀；主动被动：分析主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是主动还是被动，多出现在分句中；三单：主语与谓语是单数还是复数，主语是否为不可数名词，是的话如何判断谓语动词是单数还是复数，还是有特殊用法；时态：现在时用为过去式，或者进行时用成了现在时等；定语从句用错先行词：which用成了that；难点儿的比如：for which用成了which，要知道for which=why, in / at which=where；还有什么情况下必须用that，比如人和物搭配，序数词，the one, the only,不缺任何成分，有否定词，有all等；以下八大高频考点的分类出自《华研·专八人文知识与改错》，现将八大类错误整理如下，主要包括：1.短语搭配错误；2.易混词错误；3.逻辑关系错误；4.代词错误（一致错误）；5.冠词错误；6.形容词和副词使用错误；7.成分残缺或冗余；8.动词时态或语态错误。

笔者认为这八类错误基本涵盖了改错考试中出现的错误，首先了解错误类型，对应对改错具有重要意义。

另外，笔者在总结《华研·专八人文知识与改错》和《星火·专八改错满分突破60篇》两本练习册中近100篇改错题的基础上，搜集其中出现的所有典型错误例子（语法词汇类错误居多），并根据所属错误类型整理如下。

（注意：带—>的表示前边的是错误的，后边的是改正之后的；其他的没有正确错误之分）1.短语搭配错误（大部分为介词错误）carry/get with things –> carry/get on with things to let alone –> let alonein return to –> in return for the need of –> the need forsubstitute A with B –> substitute A for B account 70% --> account for 70%under the grounds of/that –> on the grounds of/thatattitude on life –> attitude towards/to lifein a quick speed –> at a quick speed with many respects –> in many respectsat the face of –> in the face(s) of considerations to… –> considerations for…become victims of … --> become victims to …ride in a train –> ride on a trainthe problems with the government –> the problems for the governmentresistive against –> resistive to resistance of –> resistance toembark sth –> embark on sth with the belief that –> in the belief thatat advance of sth –> in advance of sth interpret… to –> interpret… asin line to –> in line with to varing degrees –> in varing degreestake pride of –> take pride in leap out to me –> leap out at meinject them lethal strains –> inject them with lethal strainscharge him with the same price –> charge him the same priceimbalance of A and B –> imbalance between A and Bshortage of protein with them –> shartage of protein among themfortify sb for sth –> fortify sb against sth (加强…以抵御…)shed light to sth –> shed light on sth in proportion with –> in proportion topay for it with dollars –> pay for it in dollars be in liberty to –> be at liberty to begin at doing –> begin with doing be contrasted to –> be contrasted withcommit an offence to –> commit an offence against modern time –> modern times ability of (doing) sth –> ability in (doing) sth defend sth against –> defend sth from at the first place –> in the first place pay money in doing –> pay money for doing take to do –> take to doing (“求助于，开始”，to为介词)yearn to –> yearn for at average –> on averageidentify oneself to –> identify oneself with be successful on doing –> be successful at/in doingget one’s teeth on –> get one’s teeth into(埋头做，认真做)the action of formation –> the action of forming (of后应接动名词而非名词)approach to do … –> approach to doing …one contributor of –> one contributor to consumers demand of luxury goods –> consumers demand for luxury goodson one’s 30s –> in one’s 30s balk to –> balk at (回避，绕过)differ A from B –> distinguish A from B suit to sb/sth –> suit for sb/sthvary by – vary with emphasis of – emphasis on2.易混词错误(1)形近异义词imaginative – imaginary adapt – adopt confirm – conformformer – formal diary – dairy personal – personnelbeside – besides principal – principle intelligent – intelligibleconscious – conscientious stationary – stationery considerate – considerableaffect(影响) – effect(致使、达成) contact – contract moral – morale industrious – industrial desert – dessert require – acquire – inquire presence – presentation sensible – sensitive transformation – transmission value – evaluate tense – tension anything – somethingcooker – cook complexity(复杂性) – complex(合成体) insurance – assurance provide(提供) – provided/providing(假设，如果) perceive – conceiveeffective(有效的) – affective(受…影响的，由…引起的)(2)形近(形异)近义词latter – later late(迟的，已故的) – latest(最晚的，最新的)farther(距离更远) – further(程度更进一步) healthy(健康的) – healthful(有益健康的) effective – efficient continual(连续的) – continuous(持续不断的)respectable – respectful historic – historicalrise – arise – raise – arouse sure – insure – ensure – assurein return to – in response to opposite – oppositionproducing – productive lonely – alone across – cross impressed -- impressive permit(n.通行证) – permission relating – related memorizing – memorable normal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平) – norm(规范,行为标准)favorite – favorable acceptability – acceptance economical – economicfew – little a few – few little – a little invent – discoverbefore – ago another – otheragent(代理人) – agency(代理机构) reward(回馈) – award(奖赏)special – specific(3)兼有两种形式的副词firstly – first (firstly用于列举条目或者表示顺序，first表示时间上“第一次、首次”) hardly(几乎不) – hard(努力地) sure – surely late – latelyclear(完全地、径直地) – clearly(显然、清楚地)high(高度高地) – highly(程度高地、非常)close(接近地、紧密地) – closely(紧密地、严密地) most(最) – most(大部分)(4)反义词with – without possible – impossible subjective – objectiveimport – export better – worse employee – employeremployment – unemployment modifiable – unmodifiablenatural – unnatural discernable – indiscernable lent – borrowedexclusive – inclusive independency – dependency willing – unwillingnothing more than – nothing less than agree – disagreerarely – frequently / often specific – generalless – more (still more– still less) most – least known – unknown respective – irrespective (irrespective of表示“不管…”)majority – minorityresult in – result from fortunately – unfortunately powerful – powerless easiness – uneasiness professional – amateuraware – unaware include – exclude(5) 名词单复数异义moral – morals(作名词时用复数形式,表示“道德、伦理”)collection(不可数名词表示“各种因素集合体”) – collections(可数名词表示“收藏品”) manner(方法,方式) – manners(礼仪,礼节) saving – savings(复数表示“存款”) specie(硬币) – species(种类)（species只有单数）mean(n.平均值) – means(方法) (6) 易混短语live with(同…一起生活,忍受) – live by(靠…过活)go about (doing) sth(开始做某事,四处走动,流传,经常从事于) – go around(四处走动,绕道走)tend to – intend toin next week(以当下时间为基准点) – in the next week(以过去的时间为基准点) spend… in doing sth –spend… on sth die of(内部) – die from(外部)rather than – other than have sb do sth – have sth donetake on(从事，开始对付，呈现) – go on(继续) take place – take the place of consist in(在于) – consist of(包括) in all(总共) – after all(毕竟)in return(作为报答) – in turn(反过来，轮流)one reason for +短语– one reason why +句子bring out(使显露，使显现) – bring up(教育，培养，提出，(船)抵达目的地)be worth doing – be worthwhile to doreact to(对…作出反应) – react with(以…作出反应)apply… to(将…应用于) – apply for(请求，申请)3.逻辑关系错误（连词使用错误）therefore – nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然) and – but / while or – and but – because moreover – howeverafter – before since – although there is no…–there is also…that – if from now on – from then on all – none besides – yetif – unless besides – except therefore – because so – becauseso does he… –neither/nor does he…that’s why +结果–that’s because +原因as if – even if whether – if4.代词错误（一致错误）their – its that – those (需要特别注意)which – that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that)which – what it – itself (主宾相同，宾语用反身代词)that/this – it (只有it可作形式主语)his –one’s (泛指时用one) you – yourself it – they this – suchXX is less sophisticated than what they are today – XX is less sophisticated than they are today5.冠词错误(1)定冠词多余on the either side –> on either side in the Europe –> inEurope in the winter –> in winter (季节前不加定冠词)Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book – Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系，不必使用冠词)take the issue –> take issue(对…持异议，不同意)(2)定冠词缺漏among most –> among the most one of first –> one of the firstatmosphere –> the atmosphere(表示独一无二的事物)（另外还有如：the Equator, the Outerspace）between us and rest –> between us and the restin minority –> in the minority around floor –> around the floorpiano –> the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)English language –> the English language at heart of –> at the heart ofworld –> the world(表示“地球”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)in long run –> in the long run(3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用illustrate the further difference –> illustrate a further difference (diference第一次提及) 注意以下短语的区别in church – in the churchat college – at the college in court – in the court in hospital – in the hospitalin office – in the officein prison – in the prison at sea – at the sea in school – in the schoolat table – at the table6.形容词与副词使用错误have been currently –> current be well equipped as –> be as well equipped asheavy industrialized –> heavily-industrializedspread colossal –> spread colossally similar strong –> similarly strongkeep the number constantly at X a year –> keep number constant at X a yearfeel hopeless thwarted –> feel hopelessly thwartedcomparative high proportion –> comparatively high proportion(quakes) start deeply in the earth –> start deep in the earthin the passed 5 years –> in the past 5 yearsculture embedded attitudes –> culturally embedded attitudesas much as –> as often asfrom one meter afar –> from one meter away increasing –> increasinglysimple –> simply pure –> purely much –> many many –> morelarge –> largerearly –> earlier7.成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)a world which I could get… –> a world in which I could get…shows –> that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词不可省略)take for granted that –> take it for grated that1980 –1980sone of the most glaring form –> one of the mist glaring formstheir jobs engage in their interest –> their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表示“占用（某人时间），吸引（某人注意力）”)complain about sth –> complain sth work sth –> work out sthbelieve in –believe (believe单独使用表示一般的“相信”，believe in表示“信任某人，信仰…”)point sth –> point out sth 20 percents –> 20 percenteyes contact –> eye contact seven – sevenththe process which it function –> the process by which it functioncommunication service –> communication s service (通信服务、通讯服务)average incomes –> average income (income为不可数名词)the like of –> the likes of(诸如此类的)be referred to XX –> be referred to as XXbe viewed as work of are –> be viewed as a work of art(work作为“作品”讲时，为可数名词)8.时态或语态错误went – go agreeing – agreed consisted – consistingbored – boring favoring – favoredif she was –> if she were(非真实条件句) involves – involvingwill – would (虚拟语气中) delaying – delayed (已完成概念或者被动概念)the promise of improving quality of life –> the promise of improved quality of life (已完成概念或者被动概念)assure – assures (第三人称单数) have – has (要看清句子真正的主语)developing – developed confronting – confrontedthe least understanding –> the least understoodwhat the have told – what they have been toldif circumstances become favorable – if circumstances should become favorable。