中文reference格式
latex 中文附录引用格式
latex 中文附录引用格式English Answer：In LaTeX, appendices can be numbered with letters (Appendix A, Appendix B, etc.) or with numbers (Appendix 1, Appendix 2, etc.). The numbering style can be changed using the `appendix` package. If you are using the `appendix` package, you can use the `\appendixpage` command to add a page break before the appendix.To reference an appendix in the main text of your document, you can use the `\ref` command. For example, to reference Appendix A, you would use the following code:\ref{appendix:a}。
This will generate a reference to Appendix A in thetext of your document.In addition to using the `\ref` command, you can alsouse the `\appendix` command to reference an appendix. The `\appendix` command will generate a reference to the appendix in the table of contents of your document.For example, to add a reference to Appendix A to the table of contents of your document, you would use the following code:\appendix.\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Appendix A}。
Reference书写格式和要求
Reference 书写格式和要求1 正文中引用的文献与文后的文献列表要完全一致。
文中引用的文献可以在正文后的文献列表中找到；文献列表的文献必须在正文中引用。
2 文献列表中的文献著录必须准确和完备。
3 文献列表的顺序文献列表按著者姓氏字母顺序排列；姓相同，按名的字母顺序排列；著者姓和名相同，按出版年排列。
相同著者，相同出版年的不同文献，需在出版年后面加a、b、c、d……来区分，按文题的字母顺序排列。
如：Wang, M. Y. (2008a). Emotional……Wang, M. Y. (2008b). Monitor……Wang, M. Y. (2008c). Weakness……4 缩写chap. chapter 章ed. edition 版Rev. ed. revised edition 修订版2nd ed. second edition 第2版Ed. (Eds.) Editor (Editors) 编Trans. Translator(s) 译n.d. No date 无日期p. (pp.) page (pages) 页Vol. Volume (as in Vol. 4) 卷vols. volumes (as in 4 vols.) 卷No. Number 第Pt. Part 部分Tech. Rep. Technical Report 技术报告Suppl. Supplement 增刊5 元分析报告中的文献引用元分析中用到的研究报告直接放在文献列表中，但要在文献前面加星号*。
并在文献列表的开头就注明*表示元分析用到的的文献。
正文中的文献引用标志在著者-出版年制中，文献引用的标志就是“著者”和“出版年”，主要有两种形式：（1）正文中的文献引用标志可以作为句子的一个成分，如：Dell（1986）基于语误分析的结果提出了音韵编码模型，……。
汉语词汇研究有庄捷和周晓林（2001）的研究。
（2）也可放在引用句尾的括号中，如：在语言学上，音节是语音结构的基本单位，也是人们自然感到的最小语音片段。
APA格式(中文)
標題根據APA格式，標題是用來組織文章，使得其有層次架構。
APA格式規定了文章內「標題」的特定格式（1到5級），此詳細內容可參閱《美國心理協會刊物手冊》第五版的第113頁，級數和格式如下：▪第5級：置中大寫標題（CENTERED UPPERCASE HEADING）▪第1級：置中大小寫標題（Centered Uppercase大写 and Lowercase小写字母 Heading）▪第2級：置中、斜體、大小寫標題（Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading）▪第3級：靠左對齊、斜體、大小寫標題（Flush Left, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Side Heading）▪第4級：縮排、斜體、小寫標題，最後加句號（Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period）根據APA格式，若文章標題有：▪1個級數：使用第1級標題▪2個級數：使用第1和第3級標題▪3個級數：使用第1、第3、和第4級標題▪4個級數：使用第1、第2、第3、和第4級標題▪5個級數：使用第5、第1、第2、第3、和第4級標題（按：2個級數以上以大標題→小標題方式使用）注意：1目前並無六級以上的標題規定。
2APA格式不允許「數字」和「單一字母」出現在標題之首。
文獻引用文獻引用是在一篇文章的段落或文字之中「參考來源」的標註。
APA格式使用哈佛大學文章引用格式，通常來說，一個引用包含了作者名和發表日期，以括號夾註（有時會再加上頁數），放在引用文字或句子之後。
詳細的引用或參考資料則放在位於文章最後的「參考文獻」或「Works Cited」部分。
APA 格式明確的定義「參考文獻」只放入文章內容引用的來源，所以有些文章才會有「參考文獻（Reference）」和「Bibliography」的分別。
中文引用格式
［序号］析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名［A］.原文献主要责任者(任选).原文献题名［C］.出版地：出版者，出版年.析出文献起止页码.例如：/resdoc/p04_c08_s2.htmlMLA LIST OF WORKS CITEDAn alphabetized list of works cited, which appears at the end of your research paper, gives publication information for each of the sources you have cited in the paper. (For information about preparing the list, click here; for a sample list of works cited, click here.)Unless your instructor asks for them, omit sources not actually cited in the paper, even if you read them.MLA requires the medium of publication in all works cited entries, usually at the end of the entry: for example, "Print," "Web," "Television," "Film," "Lecture." (See specific items throughout this section.)General guidelines for listing authorsAlphabetize entries in the list of works cited by authors' last names (or by title if a work has no author). The author's name is important because citations in the text of the paper refer to it and readers will be looking for it at the beginning of an entry in the alphabetized list.NAME CITED IN TEXTAccording to Matt Sundeen, . . .BEGINNING OF WORKS CITED ENTRYSundeen, Matt.Items 1–5 show how to begin an entry for a work with a single author, multiple authors, a corporate author, an unknown author, and multiple works by the same author. What comes after this first element of your citation will depend on the kind of source you are citing. (See items 6–60.)NOTE: For a book, an entry in the works cited list will sometimes begin with an editor (see item 9).1. SINGLE AUTHOR For a work with one author, begin with the author's last name, followed by a comma; then give the author's first name, followed by a period.Tannen, Deborah.up to directory menu2. MULTIPLE AUTHORS For works with two or three authors, name the authors in the order in which they are listed in the source. Reverse the name of only the first author.Walker, Janice R., and Todd Taylor.Wilmut, Ian, Keith Campbell, and Colin Tudge.For a work with four or more authors, either name all of the authors or name the first author followed by "et al." (Latin for "and others").Sloan, Frank A., Emily M. Stout, Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein, and LanLiang.Sloan, Frank A., et al.up to directory menu3. CORPORATE AUTHOR When the author of a print document or Web site is a corporation, a government agency, or some other organization, begin your entry with the name of the group.First Union.United States. Bureau of the Census.American Automobile Association.NOTE: Your in-text citation should also treat the organization as the author (see item 9).up to directory menu4. UNKNOWN AUTHOR When the author of a work is unknown, begin with the work's title. Titles of articles and other short works, such as brief documents from Web sites, are put in quotation marks. Titles of books and other long works, such as entire Web sites, are italicized.Article or other short work"Media Giants."Book, entire Web site, or other long workAtlas of the World.Before concluding that the author of a Web source is unknown, check carefully (see the tip in in-text citations). Also remember that an organization may be the author (see item 3).up to directory menu5. TWO OR MORE WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR If your list of works cited includes two or more works by the same author, first alphabetize the works by title (ignoring the article A, An, or The at the beginning of a title). Use the author's name for the first entry only; for subsequent entries, use three hyphens followed by a period. The three hyphens must stand for exactly the same name or names as in the first entry.García, Cristina. The Agüero Sisters. New York: Ballantine, 1998. Print.---. Monkey Hunting. New York: Ballantine, 2003. Print.up to directory menuBooksItems 6–19 apply to print books. For online books, see item 29.Citation at a glance: Book6. BASIC FORMAT FOR A BOOK For most books, arrange the information into four units, each followed by a period and one space: the author's name; the title and subtitle, italicized; the place of publication, the publisher, and the date; and the medium.Tan, Amy. The Bonesetter's Daughter. New York: Putnam, 2001. Print.Take the information about the book from its title page and copyright page. Use a short form of the publisher's name; omit terms such as Press, Inc., and Co. except when naming university presses (Harvard UP, for example). If the copyright page lists more than one date, use the most recent one.up to directory menu7. AUTHOR WITH AN EDITOR Begin with the author and title, followed by the name of the editor. In this case the abbreviation "Ed." means "Edited by," so it is the same for one or multiple editors.Plath, Sylvia. The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath. Ed. Karen V.Kukil. New York: Anchor-Doubleday, 2000. Print.up to directory menu8. AUTHOR WITH A TRANSLATOR Begin with the name of the author. After the title, write "Trans." (for "Translated by") and the name of the translator.Allende, Isabel. Daughter of Fortune. Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. New York: Harper, 2000. Print.up to directory menu9. EDITOR An entry for a work with an editor is similar to that for a work with an author except that the name is followed by a comma and the abbreviation "ed." for "editor" (or "eds." for "editors").Craig, Patricia, ed. The Oxford Book of Travel Stories. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996. Print.up to directory menu10. WORK IN AN ANTHOLOGY Begin with (1) the name of the author of the selection, not with the name of the editor. Then give (2) the title of the selection; (3) the title of the anthology; (4) the name of the editor (preceded by "Ed." for "Edited by"); (5) publication information; (6) the pages on which the selection appears; and (7) the medium.If you use two or more selections from the same anthology, provide an entry for the entire anthology (see item 9) and give a shortened entry for each selection. Begin with the author and title of the selection; follow with the editor(s) of the anthology and the page number(s) on which the selection appears: Use the medium of publication only in the entry for the complete anthology. Alphabetize the entries in the list of works cited by authors' last names.Desai, Anita. "Scholar and Gypsy." Craig 251-73.Malouf, David. "The Kyogle Line." Craig 390-96.up to directory menu11. EDITION OTHER THAN THE FIRST Include the number of the edition after the title (or after any translators or editors after the title): 2nd ed., 3rd ed., and so on.Auletta, Ken. The Underclass. 2nd ed. Woodstock: Overlook, 2000. Print.up to directory menu12. MULTIVOLUME WORK Include the total number of volumes before the city and publisher, using the abbreviation "vols." If the volumes were published over several years, give the inclusive dates of publication. The abbreviation "Ed." means "Edited by," so it is the same for one or multiple editors.Stark, Freya. Letters. Ed. Lucy Moorehead. 8 vols. Salisbury: Compton,1974-82. Print.If you cite only one volume in your paper, include the volume number before the city and give the date for that volume. After the date, give the medium and the total number of volumes.Stark, Freya. Letters. Ed. Lucy Moorehead. Vol. 5. Salisbury: Compton,1978. Print. 8 vols.up to directory menu13. ENCYCLOPEDIA OR DICTIONARY ENTRY When an encyclopedia or a dictionary is well known, simply list the author of the entry (if there is one), the title of the entry, the title of the reference work, the edition number (if any), the date of the edition, and the medium.Posner, Rebecca. "Romance Languages." The New EncyclopaediaBritannica: Macropaedia. 15th ed. 1987. Print."Sonata." The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.4th ed. 2000. Print.Volume and page numbers are not necessary because the entries in the source are arranged alphabetically and therefore are easy to locate.If a reference work is not well known, provide full publication information as well.up to directory menu14. SACRED TEXT Give the title of the edition of the sacred text (taken from the title page), italicized; the editor's or translator's name (if any); publication information; and the medium. Add the name of the version, if there is one.The Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. Ed. Herbert G. May andBruce M. Metzger. New York: Oxford UP, 1965. Print. Rev. StandardVers.The Qur'an: Translation. Trans. Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Elmhurst: Tahrike,2000. Printup to directory menu15. FOREWORD, INTRODUCTION, PREFACE, OR AFTERWORD Begin with the author of the foreword or other book part, followed by the name of that part. Then give the title of the book; the author of the book, preceded by the word "By"; and the editor of the book (if any). After the publication information, give the page numbers for the part of the book being cited and the medium.Morris, Jan. Introduction. Letters from the Field, 1925-1975.By Margaret Mead. New York: Perennial-Harper, 2001.xix-xxiii. Print.If the book part being cited has a title, include it in quotation marks immediately after the author's name.Ozick, Cynthia. "Portrait of the Essay as a Warm Body." Introduction.The Best American Essays 1998. Ed. Ozick. Boston: Houghton,1998. xv-xxi. Print.up to directory menu16. BOOK WITH A TITLE IN ITS TITLE If the book contains a title normally italicized, neither italicize the internal title nor place it in quotation marks.King, John N. Milton and Religious Controversy: Satire and Polemic inParadise Lost. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. Print.If the title within the title is normally put in quotation marks, retain the quotation marks and italicize the entire title.Hawkins, Hunt, and Brian W. Shaffer, eds. Approaches to TeachingConrad's Heart of Darkness and "The Secret Sharer." New York:MLA, 2002. Print.up to directory menu17. BOOK IN A SERIES At the end of the entry, give the series name as it appears on the title page, followed by the series number, if any.Malena, Anne. The Dynamics of Identity in Francophone CaribbeanNarrative. New York: Lang, 1998. Francophone Cultures and Lits.Ser. 24. Print.up to directory menu18. REPUBLISHED BOOK After the title of the book, cite the original publication date, followed by the current publication information. If the republished book contains new material, such as an introduction or afterword, include information about the new material after the original date.Hughes, Langston. Black Misery. 1969. Afterword Robert O'Meally. NewYork: Oxford UP, 2000. Print.up to directory menu19. PUBLISHER'S IMPRINT If a book was published by an imprint (a division) of a publishing company, link the name of the imprint and the name of the publisher with ahyphen, putting the imprint first.Truan, Barry. Acoustic Communication. Westport: Ablex-Greenwood,2000. Print.up to directory menuArticles in periodicalsThis section shows how to prepare works cited entries for articles in magazines, scholarly journals, and newspapers. In addition to consulting the models in this section, you will at times need to turn to other models as well:More than one author: see item 2Corporate author: see item 3Unknown author: see item 4Online article: see items 32 and 33Article from a database: see item 31Put titles of articles in quotation marks; italicize the titles of magazines, journals, and newspapers. For dates requiring a month, abbreviate all months except May, June, and July. Add the medium at the end of the entry.For articles appearing on consecutive pages, provide the range of pages (see items 21 and 22). When an article does not appear on consecutive pages, give the number of the first page followed by a plus sign: 32+.Citation at a glance: Article in a periodical20. ARTICLE IN A MAGAZINE If the magazine is issued monthly, give just the month and year.Fay, J. Michael. "Land of the Surfing Hippos." National Geographic Aug.2004: 100+. Print.If the magazine is issued weekly, give the exact date.Lord, Lewis. "There's Something about Mary Todd." US News and WorldReport 19 Feb. 2001: 53. Print.up to directory menu21. ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL PAGINATED BY VOLUME Give both volume and issue numbers for all journals, even those with pagination that continues through all issues of the volume. Separate the volume and issue numbers with a period.Ryan, Katy. "Revolutionary Suicide in Toni Morrison's Fiction." AfricanAmerican Review 34.3 (2000): 389-412. Print.up to directory menu22. ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL PAGINATED BY ISSUE Give both volume and issue numbers, separated with a period.Wood, Michael. "Broken Dates: Fiction and the Century." Kenyon Review22.3 (2000): 50-64. Print.up to directory menu23. ARTICLE IN A DAILY NEWSPAPER Include the section letter if it is part of the page number in the newspaper.Brummitt, Chris. "Indonesia's Food Needs Expected to Soar." BostonGlobe 1 Feb. 2005: A7. Print.If the section is marked with a number rather than a letter, handle the entry as follows:Wilford, John Noble. "In a Golden Age of Discovery, Faraway WorldsBeckon." New York Times 9 Feb. 1997, late ed., sec. 1: 1+. Print.When an edition of the newspaper is specified on the masthead, name the edition (eastern ed., late ed., natl. ed., and so on), as in the example just given.If the city of publication is not obvious, include it in brackets after the name of the newspaper: Courier-Journal [Louisville].up to directory menu24. EDITORIAL IN A NEWSPAPER Cite an editorial as you would an article with an unknown author, adding the word "Editorial" after the title."All Wet." Editorial. Boston Globe 12 Feb. 2001: A14. Print.up to directory menu25. LETTER TO THE EDITOR Name the writer, followed by the word "Letter" and the publication information for the periodical in which the letter appears.Shrewsbury, Toni. Letter. Atlanta Journal-Constitution 17 Feb. 2001: A13. Print.up to directory menu26. BOOK OR FILM REVIEW Name the reviewer and the title of the review, if any, followed by the words "Rev. of" and the title and author or director of the work reviewed. Add the publication information for the periodical in which the review appears.Gleick, Elizabeth. "The Burdens of Genius." Rev. of The Last Samurai, by Helen DeWitt. Time 4 Dec. 2000: 171. Print.Denby, David. "On the Battlefield." Rev. of The Hurricane, dir. NormanJewison. New Yorker 10 Jan. 2000: 90-92. Print.up to directory menuOnline sourcesThis section shows how to prepare works cited entries for a variety of online sources, including Web sites, online books, articles in online periodicals and databases, blogs, wikis, podcasts, and e-mail.MLA guidelines assume that readers can locate most online sources by entering the author, title, or other identifying information in a search engine or a database. Consequently, MLA does not require a Web address (URL) in citations for online sources. Some instructors may require a URL; for an example, see the note at the end of item 27.MLA style calls for a sponsor or publisher for most online sources. If a source has no sponsor or publisher, use the abbreviation "N.p." (for "No publisher”) in the sponsor position. If there is no date of publication or update, use "n.d." (for "no date”) after the sponsor. For an article in an online scholarly journal or an article from a database, give page numbers if they are available; if they are not, use the abbreviation "n. pag." (See item 32.)27. ENTIRE WEB SITE Begin with the name of the author, editor, or corporate author (if known) and the title of the site, italicized. Then give the sponsor and the date of publication or last update. End with the medium and your date of access.With author or editorPeterson, Susan Lynn. The Life of Martin Luther. Susan Lynn Peterson, 2005. Web. 24 Jan. 2009.Halsall, Paul, ed. Internet Modern History Sourcebook. Fordham U, 22Sept. 2001. Web. 19 Jan. 2009.With corporate (group) authorUnited States. Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking WaterStandards. EPA, 8 July 2004. Web. 24 Jan. 2005.Author unknownMargaret Sanger Papers Project. History Dept., New York U, 18 Oct.2000. Web. 6 Jan. 2009.If a site has no title, substitute a description, such as "Home page," for the title. Do not italicize the words or put them in quotation marks.Yoon, Mina. Home page. Oak Ridge Natl. Laboratory, 28 Dec. 2006.Web. 12 Jan. 2009.NOTE: If your instructor requires a URL for Web sources, include the URL, enclosed in angle brackets, at the end of the entry. If you must divide a URL at the end of a line in a works cited entry, break it after a slash. Do not insert a hyphen.Peterson, Susan Lynn. The Life of Martin Luther. Susan Lynn Peterson, 2005. Web. 24 Jan. 2009. </index_files/luther.htm>.up to directory menu28. SHORT WORK FROM A WEB SITE Short works are articles, poems, and other documents that are not book length or that appear as internal pages on a Web site. Include the following elements: author's name; title of the short work, in quotation marks; title of the site, italicized; sponsor of the site; date of publication or last update; medium; and your date of access.With authorShiva, Vandana. "Bioethics: A Third World Issue." NativeWeb.NativeWeb, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2004.Author unknown"Media Giants." Frontline: The Merchants of Cool. PBS Online, 2001.Web. 7 Feb. 2005.Citation at a glance: Short work from a Web site up to directory menu29. ONLINE BOOK Cite a book or a book-length work, such as a play or a long poem, as you would a short work from a Web site (see item 28), but italicize the title of the work.Milton, John. Paradise Lost: Book I. . PoetryFoundation, 2008. Web. 14 Dec. 2008.Give the print publication information for the work, if available (see items 6–19), followed by the title of the Web site, the medium, and your date of access.Jacobs, Harriet A. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written byHerself. Ed. L. Maria Child. Boston, 1861. Documenting theAmerican South. Web. 3 Feb. 2009.up to directory menu30. PART OF AN ONLINE BOOK Place the part title before the book's title. If the part is a chapter or a short work such as a poem or an essay, put its title in quotation marks. If thepart is an introduction or another division of the book, do not use quotation marks. (See also item 15.) Following the publication information, give the page numbers for the part (or use "N. pag." if the work is not paginated). End with the Web site on which you found the work, the medium, and your date of access.Adams, Henry. "Diplomacy." The Education of Henry Adams. By Adams.Boston: Houghton, 1918. N. pag. : Great BooksOnline. Web. 8 Jan. 2009.up to directory menu31. WORK FROM A DATABASE For sources retrieved from a library's subscription database, first list the publication information for the source (see items 20–26). Then give the name of the database, italicized; the medium; and your date of access.Johnson, Kirk. "The Mountain Lions of Michigan." Endangered SpeciesUpdate 19.2 (2002): 27-31. Expanded Academic Index. Web. 26Nov. 2008.Barrera, Rebeca María. "A Case for Bilingual Education." ScholasticParent and Child Nov.-Dec. 2004: 72-73. Academic Search Premier.Web. 1 Feb. 2009.Williams, Jeffrey J. "Why Today's Publishing World Is Reprising thePast." Chronicle of Higher Education 13 June 2008: 8+. LexisNexisAcademic. Web. 29 Sept. 2008.When you access a work through a personal subscription service, such as America Online, give the same information as for a library subscription database.Citation at a glance: Article from a database up to directory menu32. ARTICLE IN AN ONLINE JOURNAL When citing an article in an online journal, givepublication information as for a print journal (see items 21 and 22), using "n. pag." if the source does not have page numbers. Then give the medium and your date of access.Belau, Linda. "Trauma and the Material Signifier." Postmodern Culture11.2 (2001): n. pag. Web. 20 Feb. 2009.up to directory menu33. ARTICLE IN AN ONLINE MAGAZINE OR NEWSPAPER Give the author; the title of the article (in quotation marks); the title of the magazine or newspaper (italicized); the sponsor or publisher of the site (use "N.p." if there is none); the date of publication; the medium; and your date of access.Online magazinePaulson, Steve. "Buddha on the Brain." . Salon Media Group,27 Nov. 2006. Web. 18 Jan. 2009.Online newspaperRubin, Joel. "Report Faults Charter School." Los Angeles Times. LosAngeles Times, 22 Jan. 2005. Web. 24 Jan. 2009.up to directory menu34. ENTIRE WEBLOG (BLOG)Cite a blog as you would an entire Web site (see item 27). Give the author's name; the title of the blog, italicized; the sponsor or publisher of the blog (use "N.p." if there is none); and the date of the most recent update. Then give the medium and your date of access.Mayer, Caroline. The Checkout. Washington Post, 27 Apr. 2006. Web. 19Jan. 2009.up to directory menu35. ENTRY IN A WEBLOG (BLOG)Cite an entry or a comment (a response to an entry) ina blog as you would a short work from a Web site (see item 28). If the entry or comment has no title, use the label "Weblog entry" or "Weblog comment." Follow with the title of theblog, italicized, and the remaining information as for an entire blog in item 33.Mayer, Caroline. "Some Surprising Findings about Identity Theft." TheCheckout. Washington Post, 28 Feb. 2006. Web. 19 Jan. 2009.Burdick, Dennis. Weblog comment. The Checkout. Washington Post, 28Feb. 2006. Web. 19 Jan. 2009.up to directory menu36. CD-ROM Treat a CD-ROM as you would any other source, but add the medium ("CD-ROM"). For a book on CD-ROM, add the medium after the publication information."Pimpernel." The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.4th ed. Boston: Houghton, 2000. CD-ROM.up to directory menu37. E-MAIL To cite an e-mail, begin with the writer's name and the subject line. Then write "Message to" followed by the name of the recipient. End with the date of the message and the medium.Wilde, Lisa. "Review Questions." Message to the author. 15 Mar. 2009.E-mail.up to directory menu38. POSTING TO AN ONLINE DISCUSSION LIST When possible, cite archived versions of postings. If you cannot locate an archived version, keep a copy of the posting for your records. Begin with the author's name, followed by the title or subject line, in quotation marks (use the label "Online posting" if the posting has no title); the title of the Web site on which the discusson list is found, italicized; the sponsor or publisher of the site (use "N.p." if there is none); the date of publication; the medium; and your date of access.Fainton, Peter. "Re: Backlash against New Labour." Media Lens Message Board. Media Lens, 7 May 2008. Web. 2 June 2008.up to directory menuMultimedia sources (including online versions)Multimedia sources include visuals (such as works of art), audio works (such as sound recordings), audiovisuals (such as films), podcasts, and live events.Give the medium for all multimedia sources, usually at the end of the citation and not italicized or in quotation marks (for instance, "Print," "Web," "Radio," "Television," "CD," "Audiocassette," "Film," "Videocassette," "DVD," "Performance," "Lecture," "PDF file," "Microsoft Word file," "JPEG file").39. WORK OF ART Cite the artist's name; the title of the artwork, italicized; the date of composition; the medium of composition (for instance, "Lithograph on paper," "Photograph," "Charcoal on paper"); and the institution and city in which the artwork is located. For artworks found online, omit the medium of composition and include the title of the Web site, the medium, and your date of access.Constable, John. Dedham Vale. 1802. Oil on canvas. Victoria andAlbert Museum, London.van Gogh, Vincent. The Starry Night. 1889. Museum of Mod. Art,New York. MoMA: The Museum of Modern Art. Web. 14Jan. 2009.up to directory menu40. CARTOON Begin with the cartoonist's name; the title of the cartoon (if it has one) in quotation marks; the word "Cartoon" or "Comic strip"; publication information; and the medium. To cite an online cartoon, instead of publication information give the title of the Web site; the sponsor or publisher; the date; the medium; and your date of access.Sutton, Ward. "Why Wait 'til November?" Cartoon. Village Voice 7-13July 2004: 6. Print.up to directory menu41. ADVERTISEMENT Name the product or company being advertised, followed by the word "Advertisement." Give publication information for the source in which the advertisement appears.Truth by Calvin Klein. Advertisement. Vogue Dec. 2000: 95-98. Print.up to directory menu42. MAP OR CHART Cite a map or a chart as you would a book or a short work within a longer work. Use the word "Map" or "Chart" following the title. Add the medium and, for an online source, the sponsor or publisher and the date of access.Joseph, Lori, and Bob Laird. "Driving While Phoning Is Dangerous."Chart. USA Today 16 Feb. 2001: 1A. Print.Serbia. Map. Syrena Maps. Syrena, 2 Feb. 2001. Web. 17 Mar. 2009.up to directory menu43. MUSICAL SCORE For both print and online versions, begin with the composer's name; the title of the work, italicized; and the date of composition. For a print source, give the place of publication; the name of the publisher and date of publication; and the medium. For an online source, give the title of the Web site; the publisher or sponsor of the site; the date of Web publication; the medium; and your date of access.Handel, G. F. Messiah: An Oratorio. N.d. CCARH Publications: Scores and Parts. Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities,2003. Web. 5 Jan. 2009.up to directory menu44. SOUND RECORDING Begin with the name of the person you want to emphasize: the composer, conductor ("Cond."), or performer ("Perf."). For a long work, give the title, italicized; the names of pertinent artists (such as performers, readers, or musicians); and the orchestra and conductor, if relevant. End with the manufacturer, the date, and the medium.Bizet, Georges. Carmen. Perf. Jennifer Laramore, Thomas Moser, Angela Gheorghiu, and Samuel Ramey. Bavarian State Orch. and Chorus.Cond. Giuseppe Sinopoli. Warner, 1996. CD.For a song, put the title in quotation marks. If you include the name of the album, italicize it.。
论文reference格式写作规范
英文assignment的写作细节（请各位愿意长期合作的朋友，尽量仔细阅读，在行文中注意这些要求）我们的assignment通常分为两种形式，一是essay, 一是report.二者在形式上有所差别，essay 偏向于理论论述，report则大都结合case进行理论应用。
一篇assignment上面会对写成essay 还是report格式作出明确要求。
在阅读题目时，请尽量仔细。
相同点：1、字体：Times New Roman或者Arial, 字号：小四，行距：1.5倍。
请在写作之前就把这些格式调好，以避免写好后再调会出现一些意相不到的情况。
2、段与段之间隔行。
每段不要求像中文写作那样空两格，而是直接顶格写。
区别：Essay:Essay的写作相对report要简单一些。
通常只包括三个部分，Introduction, Main Body, Conclusion. Introduction 包括topic的背景介绍和论文的结构。
一般占总字数的10%左右。
Main Body是主体部分，占总字数80%左右。
如果题目中作了具体要求，就根据题目提到的几个方面来逐一讨论就可以了。
有的题目没有作具体要求，就根据自己的构思来写。
但要求有逻辑性。
Conclusion也是占10%，在这一段里把文章中的主要观点用一到两句话概括出来。
Essay的body部分不提倡用太多的标题，有的作业要求甚至会直接写明不能用任何的标题，所以为了保证文章结构的清晰性，段落间要有承上启下的句子，使结构清晰明了，文章结构很重要，老师非常重视，直接影响分数的好坏。
Reference的写作是essay和report都要涉及的，我放在最后来详细说。
Report:它的写法大体上和essay差不多，但要求要严格一些。
第一：标题页：顾名思义，将report的题目写在此页第二：Executive summary，是对文章的摘要，要把写这篇报告的目的(也就是为什么要写这篇报告)，报告得出的结果，最后的结论，以及报告给出的建议一一交代清楚，但不需要交代题目背景，摘要的目的是让busy reader能快速掌握报告的全部内容。
中英文参考文献格式
second and subsequent lines.
+ Barzun, Jacques, and Henry F. Graff. The Modern
Researcher. Boston: Houghton, 1992. + Gilman, Sander, et al. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley: U of California P, 1993. Or: + Gilman, Sander, Helen King, Roy Porter, George Rousseau, and Elaine Showalter. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley: U of California P, 1993.
An article in an online periodical: Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of work."Name of Periodical volume number. volume issue (date of publication): number range or total number of pages, paragraphs, or other sections, if they are numbered. Day of access Month of access Year of access <Electronic Address, or URL of the source>.
+ Boroff, Marie, trans. Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight. New York: Norton, 1967. + ---. Wallace Stevens: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1963.
中文学术论文写作格式
中文学术论文写作格式学术论文是某一学术课题在实验性、理论性或预测性上具有的新的科学研究成果或创新见解和知识的科学记录，或是某种已知原理应用于实际上取得新进展的科学总结，小编收集了中文学术论文写作格式，欢迎阅读。
引言(Introduction一级标题黑体小四号)引言又称前言，属于整篇论文的引论部分。
其写作内容包括：研究的理由、目的、背景、前人的工作和知识空白，理论依据和实验基础，预期的结果及其在相关领域里的地位、作用和意义。
引言的文字不可冗长，内容选择不必过于分散、琐碎，措词要精炼，要吸引读者读下去。
引言的篇幅大小，并无硬性的统一规定，需视整篇论文篇幅的大小及论文内容的需要来确定，长的可达700~800字或1000字左右，短的可不到100字。
1 题名(Title,Topic一级标题黑体小四号)题名又称题目或标题。
题名是以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合。
论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一个重要信息，也是必须考虑到有助于选定关键词不达意和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息。
1.1主标题(Quot二级标题宋体五号字)论文的主标题十分重要，必须用心斟酌选定。
有人描述其重要性，用了下面的一句话：“论文题目是文章的一半”。
对论文题目的要求是：准确得体，简短精炼;外延和内涵恰如其分，醒目。
对这两方面的要求分述如下。
1.1.1准确得体，简短精炼(三级标题宋体五号)要求论文题目能准确表达论文内容，恰当反映所研究的范围和深度。
常见毛病是：过于笼统，题不扣文。
如：“不等式的应用”过于笼统，若改为针对研究的具体对象来命题。
效果会好得多，例如“贝塞耳不等式的应用”，这样的题名就要贴切得多。
再如：“中值定理在证明一类不等式中的应用”这样的论文题目不准确，题名中值定理是哪一个?，令人费解，何类不等式?请教不得而知，这就叫题目含混不清，解决的办法就是要站在读者的角度，清晰地点示出论文研究的内容。
函电写作基本规范
（3）Messrs. Williams & Warner
36 Tower Street
Sydney,Australia
（4）Attention: Mr. Arnold Simpson, Sales Department
（5）Dear Sirs,
（1）TIANJIN CARPETS IMP. & EXP. CORP.
45 BAODING STREET
TIANJIN,CHINA
E-Mail Address :（2）Our Reference No.:
Tel : Your Reference No.:
Fax :
（2）Date:3rdDec.,2002
Yours faithlly,或者是我们目前常用的“Tks, & B.rgds,”，等等。
9．签名：（Signature）一般直接打印即可。重要函电可加手签。
10．附件：（Enclosure）如需加附件，可在信的结尾Leabharlann 标注：Enc.或者Encl.
11．抄送：（Carbon Copy）函电如需抄送给某人或某个部门，可加此项，
可简写为：cc（后跟被抄送者姓名或部门）
12．附言：（Postscript）如果完成中文后又想起一件事情，可以加在此项
中。中文还可翻译成“又启”。尽量避免使用，这有可能会使收信者认为写信者在写函电前缺乏周密的考虑。
可简写为：P. S.
（注：上列12项在第一项两例范文中已分别标注了序号，请对照。）
三．函电书写基本规则：
1．礼貌：（Courtesy）语言要有礼且谦虚，及时回信也是有礼貌的表现
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在撰写学术论文时，正确的引用格式是至关重要的。
在中文论文中，通常采用以下格式来引用文献：
1. 书籍引用格式：
* 作者姓名（姓氏全拼+名字首字母大写）+书名+出版社+出版年份+页码。
例如：张三，《中文引用格式规范》，人民出版社，2020，第3页。
2. 期刊引用格式：
* 作者姓名（姓氏全拼+名字首字母大写）+文章标题+期刊名称+卷号（期号）+出版年份+页码。
例如：李四，〈探究中文引用格式的规范〉，《现代汉语研究》第5卷（第2期），2018年，第45-50页。
3. 学术论文引用格式：
* 作者姓名（姓氏全拼+名字首字母大写）+文章标题+会议名称（或期刊名称）+会议日期（或期刊日期）+页码。
例如：王五，〈中文引用格式在学术论文中的应用〉，在“语言学研
究与应用”学术研讨会（2020年6月）上提交，第9-15页。
4. 互联网引用格式：
* 作者姓名（姓氏全拼+名字首字母大写）+文章标题+网站名称+访问日期。
例如：赵六，〈中文引用格式在网络环境下的应用〉，新华网，2021年3月1日。
请注意，具体的引用格式可能因不同的学术领域、期刊或出版社而有所不同。
上述示例仅供参考，具体的引用格式应根据所使用的学术规范进行查阅和调整。