在职硕士英语考试text

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2023年在职硕士联考英语真题试题及答案A卷

2023年在职硕士联考英语真题试题及答案(A卷)Part I Dialogue CommunicationSection A1.Man: Jane, you won’t believe it. I won the lottery.Woman: __________.Man: No, it’s true. When I found out, I was shocked.A.So what?B.Does it really count?C.Are you putting me on?D.Immagine that!2. Man: It’s raining cats and dogs outside. Did you remember to bring the umbrella?Woman: Oops. __________.A.everything is fineB.you can count on meC.it’ll clear up soonD.it slipped my mind this morning3. Man: ________. How can I possibly review all this material by next week?Woman: Take it easy. I’ll help you with it.A.I’m going crazy!B.Can’t wait.C.I’m glad it’s finally over.D.What a load off!4. Man: G et a move on. We need to be at the airport in an hour.Woman: Come on! There’s plenty of time. Remember, we’re going on this trip to relax, __________.A.we’re in the same boat.B.not the other way aroundC.so let’s goD.so forget it5. Wife: Can you come over here please? Which one is better?Husband: __________.Wife: Come on, can’t you make u p your mind for once?A.I have no ideaB.I have nothong more to sayC.I don’t careD.I don’t like itSection B6. Man: I heard you’ve got a wonderful job in a post office. How is your new job going?Woman: I just feel like a fish out of water.Question: What does the woman feel about her new job?A.she is satisfied with itB.she feels uncomfortable itC.she feels it’s her dream come trueD.she finds it demanding7. Man: Hi, Linda. Are you going to teach after you graduate from that university?Woman: Where did you get the idea like that?Question: What can be concluded about Linda?A: She has no desire to teachB. She likes teaching very muchC. She has no idea about teachingD. She may choose to teach8. Man: Why, you have to ask your parents to pay your rent?Woman: Well, I am unable to make ends meet.Question: What do we know about the woman?A: She is unable to manage her moneyB. She can’t g et her parents to pay her rent.C. She can’t help her parents outD. She is financially in trouble9. Man: Ken and Sandra hope to sell their houses for $3 million.Woman: Yeah. They always think big.Question: What does the woman think of Ken and Sandra’s plan?A.It’s worth trying.B.It’s realistic.C.It’s not going to work.D.It’s ridiculous.10. Man: Excuse me. Do you need some help?Woman: Well… I’m trying to get to the railway station. But I can’t make heads or tails of this ticket machine.Question: What is the woman’s problem?A.She doesn’t have the small change with her.B.She doesn’t know how to use the machine.C.She is not sure how much the trip will costD.She is unable to get the ticket in time.Part II11. Discipline cannot be ______ until the last day of school has passed.A. lessenedB. reducedC. relaxedD. lowered12. some people argue that _____ regulations for water pollution will drive up costs and put jobs at risk.A. firmB. tightC. tenseD. close13. To keep her job, she has to ______ the bad temper of her boss.A. put up withB. take up onC. make up forD. come up with14. Student journalists are taught how to be ______ when writing in a limited space.A. convincingB. briefC. appealingD. expressive15. The discussion was so _____ that at intervals the speakersstopped for refreshments.A. exhaustedB. exhaustingC. excitedD. exciting16. The popularity of these schools is growing steadly _____ their tuition fees.A. instead ofB. in favor ofC. in spite ofD. in place of17. It is often not easy to _______ the marked generation gap which exists between the young and their elders.A. broadenB. breakC. bridgeD. build18. The drive from England to Scotland provides the tourist with many pleasant changes of ______.A. sceneryB. sightC. perspectiveD. scene19. This ambitious project, ______ scores of organizations around the world, will take at least ten years to be acomplished.A. indicatingB. composingC. containingD. involing20. Because of the popularity of the region, visitors are advised to book hotels _____.A. in orderB. in personC. in turnD. in advance21. He purposely ignored her call beca use he just didn’t feel like ______.A. disturbingB. to disturbC. being disturbedD. to be disturbed22. Do you really think Bill will help you write the report? Don’t count your chickens ____ they are hatched.A. asB. afterC. beforeD. while23. If you want a thing _____ well, do it yourself.A. doneB. doingC. to doD. being done24. The committee members agreed to the proposal that theissue _____ to immediate voting.A. is to be putB. be putC. should putD. must be put25. So loudly ______ that even people in the next room could hear him.A. did he speakB. does he speakC. he spokeD. he speaks26. To master a foreign language like French requires hard work, so you ____ study too hard.A. shouldB. mustC. can’tD. may not27. Gaining a new customer costs _____ keeping an old one.A. as many as five timesB. five times as many asC. as much as five timesD. five times as much as28. People with glasses are perceived to be up to ten IQ pointsmore intelligent than ____.A. those withoutB. that withoutC. these withoutD. one without29. Reading books, _____ takes the reader to other worlds, is a wonderful way to “escape”.A. thatB. whatC. asD. which30. Take 60mg up to four times a day, _____ advised otherwise by a doctor.A. ifB. untilC. thoughD. unlessPart III Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneThe rich have traditionally passed their wealth on to their children. But an increasing number of billionaires are choosing not to. The reason? They want their children to live on themselves—and not to turn into spoiled successors.Nicola Horlick or “supermum”, a famous British billionaire, owing to fact that she has high-flying jobs and five kids has spent her career making a reported £250m. She now seems determined to throw off large parts of it. She already gives away about 25% of her income each year; she has just revealed, in a report on the state of charity in the city, that she will not be leaving most of the remainder to her children. “I think it is wrong to give too much inherited wealth to children,” Horlick told the report’s authors. “I w ill not be leaving all my wealth to my children because that would just ruin their lives.”She is by no means the first to go public with this conviction. Bill Gates has put an estimated $30bn into the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This was supplemented, in 2023, by another $24bn or so from his friend Warren Buffett.Buffett has always been colorful, quotably clear on where he stands. His daughter often tells a story of finding herself without change for a car parking ticket—her father lent her $20, then promptly made her write him a check. “To suggest that the children of the wealthy should be just as wealthy,” he has said, “is like saying the members of America’s 2023 Olympic team should be made up only of the children of the 1980 Olympic team.”Anita Roddick, the late founder of the Body Shop, told her kids that they would not inherit one penny. The money that she made from the company would go into the Body Shop Foundation, which isn’t one of those awful tax shelters, like some in America. It just functions to take themoney and give it away.31.The billionaires mentioned in the passage don’t want toleave much of their wealth to their children because ________.A. they prefer to give their wealth to charityB. they want their business to go on healthilyC. they believe too much wealth will harm their childrenD. they hope their children can make more money themselves32.What do we learn about Nicola Horlick?A.She has already given away about 25% of her wealth.B.She is the first one who declares to give away her wealth.C.She will leave only a small portion of her wealth to her kids.D.She inherited most of her wealth from her parents.33.Buffett distinguishes himself for ________.A.his clear-cut positionB.being strict with his childrenC.his talent in financial managementD.being a giant in the stock market34.According to Buffett’s daughter, her father ________.A.refuses to lend her moneyB.wants her to invest in the Olympic GamesC.never gives her more money than necessaryD.always makes sure that she returns his money35.It is implied in the last paragraph that some foundations are used by the rich to ________.A.provide shelter for the poorB.build good fameC.avoid paying taxD.support their businessPassage TwoIt is football time again. Currently, the qualifying rounds are being played to decide which countries will send teams to the 2023 World Cup. Soccer is becoming more and more popular on a worldwide scale and these qualifying legs are causing much excitement.The game is popular at club level as well. Many fans go every week to support their team, whether the event is a home or away one, hoping to get a result. They all hope an attacking game, with a lot of goals being scored. Obviously, they do not want to see a boring, defensive match where the players are aimlessly passing the ball to each other.Sadly, not all the action always takes place on the ground. All too frequently, there is action in the stands, too. Football supporters, most of whom declare their loyalty by wearing their team’s colours, in the form of shirts, are not known for their quiet behaviour. They are often very noisy,shouting noisy encouragement to their team and singing deafening songs.There is much rivalry between supporters. Mostly, this is good-natured, but trouble can easily arise. Fans get angry if they feel that a referee has made a wrong decision, perhaps giving one of their team a red or yellow card unfairly, or perhaps failing to notice a foul (犯规) committed by a member of the other team.When trouble breaks out in a football crowd, it can be difficult to control. Stadium officials often seat the opposing fans in separate parts of the ground as a precaution against fighting. However, preventing trouble is more difficult outside the ground. In the worst cases, riot police have to be called in.Unfortunately, there are some fans who enjoy this violent aspect of football. These football hooligans (流氓) really enjoy a running battle with the police, and call up other people to throw stones and bottles at them. Theyregard football not as a sport, but as an excuse for troublemaking. Inevitably, their behaviour spoils the reputation of the game.36.The qualifying rounds are played to _______.A.attract soccer fansB.select the best teams for the next roundsC.raise funds for the organizersD.decide which players are the best37.What do the football fans hope to see?A.A home game.B.A defensive game.C.An evenly matched game.D.An exciting game.38.Fans get angry when they think _______.A.the referee is unfairB.their team is losingC.their team is not playing wellD.there is an intentional foul39.Riot police are called in _______.A.to separate the opposing fans inside the groundB.as a precaution against trouble inside the groundC.to stop fighting occurring outside the groundD.as a precaution against fighting outside the ground40.It is implied in the last paragraph that _______.A.football fans enjoy spoiling gamesB.football hooligans are crazy about the gamesC.football can be an excuse for troublemakingD.football has a poor reputationPassage ThreeOur sense of smell, which we normally take for granted, is nowadays being increasingly used for purposes which might surprise us if we were aware of them. Onearea in which smells are created to achieve particular results is marketing. For some time manufacturers have taken advantage of our sense of smell with regard to household goods. Millions of dollars are spent on product research in the hunt for the right smell as it is believed perfume influences the way consumers perceive a brand. In a survey in the United States, when people were asked what was the most important factor in their choice of detergent (洗衣粉), smell was rated highly, above ingredients and price.Now stores are becoming even more direct in their use of smell. The smell of fresh bread in a supermarket tends to encourage people to buy, and people selling their houses are recommended to have coffee being heated when potential buyers arrive. Suddenly smell is becoming big business. One company specializing in the use of smells to attract customers now has many large stores on its own list of customers. They find that when pleasant smells are filtered through a store’s air conditioning system, people tend tospend longer in the store and buy more.Research shows that smells can increase people’s view of the value of a product. In a test, people looked at the same types of shoes in two rooms—one filled with purified air, the other with a smell of mixed flowers. 84% of the people preferred the shoes in the room with the smell of flowers. In fact, many said they would be prepared to pay up to US$10 more for a pair.Smells also have other potential uses. Some companies are experimenting with different smells to produce different effects in their workers according to the time of day. For example, early in the morning they might put the smell of lemon in the air conditioning system to wake people up. In the middle of the morning, when the atmosphere tends to become more tense, the smell of wood could be used to calm people down. Before lunchtime the smell of melting butter would encourage people to go to lunch on time. After lunch, when people often begin to lose concentration, thesmell of mint (薄荷) would increase their alertness.41.Which is the most appropriate title for the passage?A.How to avoid being affected by smellsing smells to influence peopleC.The power of our sense of smellD.New smells in supermarkets42.In the survey, when selecting detergent, people considered smell ________.A.not importantB.as important as priceC.less important than ingredientsD.more important than price43.To attract more customers, some large stores ________.A.employ a company specializing in the use of smellsB.provide free coffee for themC.filter purified air through air conditioningD.decorate themselves with fresh flowers44.The majority of people in the test (Para. 3) preferred ________.A.the smell of shoes to that of flowersB.the smell of flowers to that of shoesC.the shoes in the room with purified airD.the shoes in the room with appealing smells45.To produce a calming effect, some companies use thesmell of ________.A.lemonB.woodC.melting butterD.mintPassage FourThe First Rule of Finance is to live within your means by spending no more than 80% of your take-home pay. If you take home $100 per week, spend no more than $80.But ever look at what people spend their money on? I have relatives and friends deeply in debt, spending $12 forevery $10 they earn instead of the $8 you know they should be spending. When I see them, they’re proud of their new whatever. “What do you think of my new truck?” asked one from the driver’s seat. “Do you like my new shoes?” asked another on high heels. “Check out my new big screen,” said a third while holding the remote in his living room. We’ve all heard people fishing for compliments on their new toys.Every one of them was proud of what they’d finance d. They seem to have bought it for the purpose of being proud, of showing off, of keeping up with the Joneses. “Look at my new…” is everybody’s favorite phrase, even when the object in question isn’t theirs at all and won’t be new when they’ve finally paid for it, if they ever do.They’re proud of being stupid. They think it’s cool to drive the financed car, wear the financed shoes, and watch the financed TV, but to smart people, whose opinions are the only ones we should respect, these people look dumb as rocks.The Joneses, nine times out of 10, are financially stupid. That’s why they have all that stuff, on borrowed money. Why try to copy them? Worse, why try to impress them? Copy and impress smart people, the ones who own their stuff. If you want to impress smart people, debt is the last way to go about it. Trying to impress a money-smart person by going into debt is like trying to impress Olympic swimming champion Michael Phelps by drowning in a pool. Michael Phelps is impressed by good swimming, and a money-smart person by good money management.46.According to the author, the new truck, shoes and bigscreen mentioned in Para. 2 are ________.A.indicators of wealthB.necessities to the buyersC.just a waste of moneyD.examples of showing off47.“… the object in question isn’t theirs” (Para. 2) means ______.A.it is bought for other peopleB.it is bought with loaned moneyC.it will finally be owned by the bankD.it will finally be owned by the buyers48.According to the author, buying new objects on borrowed money is ________.A.unwiseB.shamefulC.understandableD.impressive49.“Smart people” in the last paragraph refer to ________.A.clever businessmenB.people with high IQsC.fashionable wealthy peopleD.people good at money management50.The purpose of this passage is to ________.A.show sympathy with poor consumersB.criticize consumption of luxuriesC.advise people to become money-smartD.persuade people to keep off fashionsPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.There is one fairly standard reason why some thinkers regard the meaning-of-life question as being itself meaningless. They argue __51___ meaning is a matter of language, not objects. It is a __52__ of the way we talk about things, not a feature of things themselves, __53___ shape, weight or color. A cabbage or a computer is not meaningful in itself; it becomes __54___ only by being caught up in our conversation. On this theory, we can make life __55__ by our talk about it; but it cannot have a meaning in itself, __56___ than a cloud can. It would not __57__ sense, for example, to speak of a cloud as being true or false. ___58__, truth and falsehood are functions ofour humman judgements about clouds. However, there are problems with this argument, __59___ there are with most philosophical arguments. We shall be __60___ a few of them later on.51. A. that B. how C. if D. what52. A. means B. question C. problem D. method53. A. with B. for C. like D. as54. A. this B. that C. such D. so55. A. rich B. important C. meaningful D. colorful56. A. not more B. far moreC. much moreD. any more57. A. make B. bring C. take D. give58. A. Hence B. Rather C. Still D. Therefore59. A. when B. since C. as D. for60. A. writing about B. hunting forC. listening toD. looking at英语试卷二Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Human friends may come and go, but a horse could be one of your most loyal, long-term friends if you treat it right.Horses understand words better than expected, since horses can hear the human voice better than even dogs can, due to their particular range of hearing. And scientists predict that trainers could have greater success if they use more verbal commands in their horse training programs.Horses possess excellent memories, which allow horses to not only recall their human friends after a long period of separation but also to remember some complex human instructions for ten years or more. The bonds with humans are likely an extension of horse behavior in the wild, since horsesvalue their own horse relatives and friends, and are also open to new, non-threatening acquaintances. Horses maintain long-term bonds with several members of their family group, but they also interact temporarily with members of other groups when forming herds.Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic of “The Country I Would Like to Visit”. You may base your composition on the clues given below:1.假如有机会到国外度假两周，你会选择哪个国家?2.请至少给出三个理由。

2023年在职硕士《英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案

2023年在职硕士《英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】In 1974 Henry Aaron broke Babe Ruth's monumental lifetime record of 714 home runs.A.archaic(old, antique)B. degrading (discredit)C.outstandingD.entire2.【单选题】Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A. emphatically statedB. belligerently(aggressively) arguedC. accentuated(emphasize)D. entreated 恳求（implore, plea, invoke ）3.【单选题】The first paper was made from the bark of the mulberry tree.A. dried woodB. outer coveringC.syrup(sirup)D. root4.【单选题】Some animals pant and sweat to speed evaporation of body moisture and thus cool themselves.A.wiggle 摆动slowlyB. breathe quicklyC. restD.perspire5.【单选题】Formerly , in the United States, many nurses worked as private duty nurses rather than in hospitals.A.PreviouslyB. StrictlyC. OfficiallyD. Periodically6.【单选题】In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity, and age should be taken into account.A. numberedB. stabilizedC. contrastedD.considered7.【单选题】Bats fly, rather than glide, and thus are the only mammals capable of true flight.A.straightB. safeC.realD.rapid8.【单选题】Comets are still regarded with awe by some people.A. wonderB.concernC.resentmentD.detachment9.【单选题】The flower bud of a water lily 百合opens at sunset since .its opening is triggered(commence) .by the decreased light.A. alleviated 减轻B. enduredC.set offD.covered up10.【单选题】By the nineteenth century, embroidery on men's clothing had virtually disappeared except for the occasional decorative vest and tie.A. almostB. definitelyC.alreadyD.universally11.【单选题】People who do not sleep enough tend to become irritable .A.easily annoyedB. illC. wearyD.stiff and sore12.【单选题】The company issues an annual report every March.A.a yearlyB. a comprehensiveC. a financialD.a product13.【单选题】Communication is one of the most important bonds that hold cultural systems together.A.obligationsB.qualitiesC. linksD. needs14.【单选题】Mary McCarthy s satires 讽刺文学are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.A.fusedB.prefacedC. standardizedD. expressed15.【单选题】The fear of smallpox, which terrorized the eighteenth century, has no analogy(likeness) today.A. occurrenceB. remnants 残留物C. witnessesD. parallel16.【单选题】Insect pests are among the leading causes of crop failure.A.expectedB. chiefC. naturalD. least17.【单选题】In the northeastern United States, it rains intermittently 间歇地throughout the spring.A.steadilyB.abundantlyC. periodicallyD. daily18.【单选题】The megaphone(microphone) makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.A.slitheringB.radiatingC. interferingD. murmuring19.【单选题】All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.A.as a result ofB.consideringC.cognizant of(conscious of, aware of)D. whatever20.【单选题】Despite the proliferation of other faster modes of transportation, the railroads remain the largest carriers of intercity freight in the United States.A.schemesB. meansC.tracksD. variables第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】Although the Carbon 14 method of dating old objects is not foolproof , it is the best method available at presentA.wholly operationalB.entirely serviceableC.fully reliablepletely safe2.【单选题】Food must be moist in order to have a taste.A.appetizing(delicious)B. nutritiousC. dampD. chewed3.【单选题】The wheels of the first road vehicles were fashioned from crude stone disks.A.hand-carvedB.roughly madeC. flatD. heavy4.【单选题】Some cosmetics manufacturers attempt to capture the rose's unmistakable fragrance香味in soaps and perfumes.A.designB.textureC. scentD. freshness5.【单选题】One of the greatest breakthroughs for professional women came in 1973 when the field of banking opened up for them.A. most serious disappointmentsB.most significant advancesC. most abrupt declinesD. most crucial situations6.【单选题】The Salk vaccine is a major factor in the fight to eradicate polio.pletely destroyB. carefully disguiseC. sustainD. contain7.【单选题】The Native American interpreter Sacajawea was a valuable member of the Lewis and dark expedition in 1805.A.very friendlyB. very usefulC. very thoughtful.D.very wealthy8.【单选题】While Billie Holiday did not invent the music called "the blues", she most assuredly helped popularize it.A. finallyB.certainlyC.earnestlyD.enthusiastically9.【单选题】Urban renewal programs strive to upgrade areas that are becoming slums.A.reproachB. improveC.fortifyD.uproot10.【单选题】Blue－green algae grow abundantly in salt marshes.A. primarilyB.slowlyC.on plants(cultivate)D. in great numbers11.【单选题】Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan原生动物flagellates 鞭毛虫, flatworms 扁形虫, and segmented worms片段蠕虫.A.hostile-lookingB.perceptiveC. primitiveD.strangely formed12.【单选题】When carbon is added to iron in the proper proportions , the result issteel.A. containerB. sequenceC. laboratoriesD.amounts13.【单选题】How many people are aware that a dancer with the New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A.onlyB. exactlyC. at leastD.fewer than14.【单选题】The first important exposition in the United States was held in Philadelphia in 1876.A.exhibitionB. concertC. excursionD.contest15.【单选题】An oversight 遗漏(miss, overslaugh) in proofreading often results in printed errors.A.An inconsistencyB. A discriminationC. A blotchD.An inattention16.【单选题】Some children display an unquenchable 难以抑制的curiosity about every new thing they encounter.A.insatiable 贪的无厌的B. inherentC.indiscriminate 不加选择的D. incredible17.【单选题】In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.A.strangeB. certainC.inconsistentD. proper18.【单选题】Double Eagle in the first transatlantic balloon, was greeted by avid crowds in France.A.eagerB.surgingC.appreciativeD.vigorous19.【单选题】Solid geometry has enabled astronomers to calculate the positions of the heavenly bodies relative to one another.A. on top ofB.next toC.in spite ofD. with respect to20.【单选题】With lasers scientists can probe many physical processes, such as combustion, once beyond our ken.视野A. understandingB. responsibilityC.interpretationD. notice第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：C2.正确答案：A3.正确答案：B4.正确答案：D5.正确答案：A6.正确答案：D7.正确答案：C8.正确答案：A9.正确答案：C10.正确答案：A11.正确答案：A12.正确答案：A13.正确答案：C14.正确答案：D15.正确答案：D16.正确答案：B17.正确答案：C18.正确答案：B19.正确答案：D20.正确答案：B第2卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：C2.正确答案：C3.正确答案：B4.正确答案：C5.正确答案：B6.正确答案：A7.正确答案：B8.正确答案：B9.正确答案：B10.正确答案：D11.正确答案：C12.正确答案：D13.正确答案：C14.正确答案：A15.正确答案：D16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：B18.正确答案：A19.正确答案：D20.正确答案：A。

在职攻读硕士英语阅读理解

在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语阅读理解（一）Passage 1The most fundamental group to which a person belongs is the family. The institution of the family exists in almost every human culture. It is considered by behavioral scientists to be one of the oldest institutions in human history.The family unit serves many important functions. The performance of these functions is the reason for the family importance. Above all, the family serves as a mechanism of species survival.Families also have important economic functions. In primitive societies, the tasks of gathering food and providing shelter were divided among family member. Today, both husband and wife may work and share the duties of homemaking and child rearing.In addition to its survival and economic functions, the family gives its members social status. In many societies, a person is not considered a complete member until he has married and produced children. Finally, the family helps to meet the basic emotional needs of a person through the love and support received from parents, siblings (兄弟或姐妹), and relatives.1.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A. The family has changed greatly over time.B. Many of the functions of the family today are being performed by government agencies.C. The most important role for the family is to gather food.D. The family has served many useful functions throughout history.2. According to the passage, which of the following is an example of the role of the family in given status?A. A child is taught to respect his elders.B. A couple works for several years to save for the purchase of a home.C. A politician makes a campaign commercial with his family.D. A mother comforts a child after he skins his knee.3. It can be concluded from the passage that the family is _____.A. undergoing many changesB. the only useful social institutionC. likely to exist in future societiesD. not the same today as it was in the past4. As it is used in the second paragraph of the passage, the word “mechanism” means ______.A. parts of an organism or system which work togetherB. racial group united by language, religion, customs, etc.C. the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a wholeD. a worker skilled in using or repairing machines or tools5. 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It may be appropriate to send your invitation cards to your guests three or four days before a dinner party date in some cultures.C. It is best for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much less.D. If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology.Passage 3Populations tend to grow at an exponential(指数的) rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate, take one penny and double it every day for one month. After the first week you would have only 64 cents, but after the fourth week you would have over million dollars.This helps explain why the population has come on “all of a sudden”. It took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. 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Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people, it is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries.1.This passage chiefly discusses ______.A. the growth of world population in recent yearsB. one type of the exponential(指数的) rateC. the population problem of the more rapidly growing countriesD. the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth2. According to the passage, what helps to explain why the population problem has come on “all of a sudden”?A. The penny which doubles itself every day for one month.B. The time span of at least two million years in human history.C. An illustration of the exponential growth rate given by the author.D. The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week.3. It took ______ for the world to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billion.A. 100 yearsB. 149 yearsC. 19 yearsD. over two million years4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minute.B. Lower death rate also contributes to world population growth.C. The population of Colombia has been doubling every year for 21 years.D. The United States is usually doubling its population about every 87 years.5. When a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including _____.A. hospitals and medicinesB. schools and studentsC. food and manpower resourcesD. all of the above。

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Passage 1Scientists are learning more about the effects of stress on our bodies. Long-term stress may increase the risk of obesity(肥胖), heart disease, and even asthma, according to new research.Stressful experiences---such as mental illness in a family, unemployment, poverty, or abuse---continue to affect our health and well-being far longer than the actual event. This is becoming a major concern for public health professionals.Researchers at the University of California discovered that childhood stress could permanently affect a person’s DNA. They found that kids who went through traumatic (创伤性的) experiences at a young age had shorter telomeres（端粒）than tho se who hadn’t. Telomeres are the protective tips at the end of our DNA, and shorter telomeres are linked to a variety of health problems. The researchers concluded that early childhood trauma has a lasting impact on our overall health.In another study, scientists in Sweden measured the stress levels of 17,000 adults, and then tracked them for 11 years. The results showed that the most stressed-out participants had a 45% higher risk of developing heart disease. The study also revealed that those with stressful jobs were more likely to take sick leave due to heart problems.Furthermore, researchers in New Zealand found that children who suffered ongoing stress before the age of 15 had a higher chance of developing asthma later in life. This finding suggests that reducing stress in early childhood could have long-term health benefits.Overall, these studies emphasize the need for stress reduction strategies and interventions, particularly in high-risk populations. Whether through therapy, meditation(冥想), or lifestyle changes, it is essential that we find healthy ways to manage and cope with stress to protect our long-term health.1. According to the passage, long-term stress may lead to _______.A. mental illnessB. shorter telomeresC. unemploymentD. poverty答案：B解析：根据第一段中的“Long-term stress may increase the risk of obesity(肥胖), heart disease, and even asthma, according to new research.”可知，长期的压力可能会增加肥胖、心脏病甚至哮喘的风险，选项B中的“shorter telomeres”（更短的端粒）对应文章中提到的短端粒与健康问题有关。

在职硕士英语考试真题

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2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Your social life is defined as“the activities you do with other people,for pleasure, when you are not working.”It’s important to have a social life,but what’s right for one person won’t be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time with others, 1 some of us may feel drained,even if it’s doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not 3 others,can make you feel lonely and 4 .Loneliness is known to impact on your mental health and 5 a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if, 6 ,you are working from home and you are7 on the usual social conversations that happen in an office.Other life changes can8 periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing jobs or becoming a parent.It’s important to recognise these feelings of loneliness.There are ways to9 a social life,but it can feel overwhelming10 .It’s a great idea to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet11 people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to12 a new sport for the first time,or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and13 ideas.On the other hand,it’s14 possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like you’re always doing something and there is never any15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social burnout or social16 .We all have our own social limit and it’s important to recognise when you’re feeling like it’s all too much.Low mood,low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be17 of poor social health.Make sure you18 some time in your diary when you’re19 for socialising and use this time to relax,20 and recover.1. A.because2. A.contrast3. A.seeing4. A.misguided5. A.contribute to6. A.in fact7. A.cutting back8. A.shorten9. A.assess10.A.at first11.A.far-sighted12.A.try13.A.test14.A.already15.A.list16.A.fatigue17.A.sources18.A.take over19.A.ungrateful20.A.reactB.unlessB.balanceB.pleasingB.surprisedB.rely onB.of courseB.missing outB.triggerB.interpretB.in turnB.strong-willedB.promoteB.shareB.thusB.orderB.criticismB.standardsB.wipe offB.unavailableB.repeatC.whereasC.linkC.judgingC.spoiledC.interfere withC.for exampleC.breaking inC.followC.provideC.on timeC.kind-heartedC.watchC.acceptC.alsoC.spaceC.injusticeC.signsC.add upC.responsibleC.returnD.untilD.gapD.teachingD.disconnectedD.go againstD.on averageD.looking downD.interruptD.regainD.by chanceD.like-mindedD.describeD.reviseD.onlyD.boundaryD.dilemmaD.scoresD.mark outD.regretfulD.rest Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1In her new book Cogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past,”she writes.“An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,with middle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable.”Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.But people can’t be expected to embrace the changes if they’re not seeing the benefits—if they’re just seeing good jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview,Coyle said she fears that tech’s inequality problem could be a roadblock to deploying AI.“We’re talking about disruption,”she says.“These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such“tremendous changes,”she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly38%of all tech jobs by2019.New AI technologies are particularly concentrated:Brookings’s Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just15cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States.The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,as Coyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don’t simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care most about,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21. Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should______A.give rise to innovations.B.diversify career choices.C.benefit people equally.D.be promoted forcefully.22. According to Paragraph2,digital technologies should be used to______A.bring about instant prosperity.B.reduce people’s workload.C.raise overall work efficiency.D.enhance cross-sector cooperation.23. What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may be unwelcome to the public.24. Several American cities are mentioned to show______A.the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US.B.the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US.C.the fast progress of US regional economies.D.the increasing significance of US AI assets.25. With regard to Coyle’s concern,the author suggests______A.raising funds to start new AI projects.B.encouraging collaboration in AI research.C.guarding against the side effects of AI.D.redefining the role of AI technologies.Text2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Confor has warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country’s reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only20percent of the UK’s wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says these don’t go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,”said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor.“For decades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall.”The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around25percent.The causes of the UK’s current position are complex and range from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the decimation of trees by grey squirrels.It also encompasses significant hesitation on behalf of farmers and other landowners to invest in long-term planting projects.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK’s net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and the rewilding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity. Goodall added:“While food production and biodiversity health are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction, manufacturing and contribute to net-zero.”“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action on the ground.Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand.”26. It can be learned from Paragraph1that the UK needs to______A.increase its domestic wood supply.B.reduce its demand for timber.C.lower its wood production costs.D.lift its control on timber imports.27. According to Confor,the UK government’s fresh incentives______A.can hardly address a construction crisis.B.are believed to come at a wrong time.C.seem to be misleading for landowners.D.will be too costly to put into practice.28. The UK’s exposure to fluctuating wood prices is a result of______A.the governments inaction on timber imports.B.inadequate investment in growing wood.C.the competition among timber traders at home.D.wood producers’motive to maximise profits.29. Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in the UK?A.Excessive timber consumption in construction.B.Unfavourable conditions for growing wood.C.Outdated technologies of the wood industry.D.Farmers’unwillingness to plant trees.30. What does Goodall think the UK government should do?A.Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.B.Pay greater attention to boosting rural economies.C.Provide more support for productive tree planting.D.Give priority to pursuing its net-zero strategy.Text3One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it’s time to turn over the keys.“It’s a complete life-changer”when someone stops —or is forced to stop—driving,said former risk manager Anne M.Menke.“The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,”Menke wrote.“Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandate reports,while a few consider a report a breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality,”she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.“There’s not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,”she said.“We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe”and what can help,said Dugan.One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a31percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers85or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many older drivers don’t see eye doctors or can’t afford to.Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can’t turn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven’t changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won’t solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require too many algorithms,she said.But we need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan.“If we’re going to have100-year lives,we need cars that a90-year-old can drive comfortably.”。

在职攻读硕士联考英语模拟试题及答案解析(15)

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I won´t keep you long.Speaker B: ______A.What do you want to talk with?B.Yes, go ahead.C.What´s the matter?D.Oh, nice to see you, John.第2题Speaker A: Did you know that Whitney Houston was giving a concert last night in the town?Speaker B: ______A.Why don´t you get some tickets for us?B.I like her, but I didn´t have time for the concert.C.Why didn´t you tell me about it earlier?D.Maybe we can go to see her concert some other time.第3题Speaker A: Do you want to come over on Saturday? I´m having a little party.Speaker B: ______A.Why are you going to have a party?B.Oh, I like parties very much. I can meet a lot of interesting people.C.How about a picnic? I think it is more interesting than a party.D.Thanks. I´d love to. What time?第4题Speaker A: Did you hear about those people who got hurt when going mountain climbing? I think they shouldn´t allow people to go mountain climbing. It´s too dangerous.Speaker B: ______A.I couldn´t agree more. I can´t understand why anyone wants to get to the top of a mountain.B.I couldn´t agree less. Mountain climbing is actually more dangerous than surfing.C.I´m sorry to hear that. Where did you get the news?D.No, I have decided not to go mountain climbing with my friends next month.第5题Speaker A: Hello, many happy returns!Speaker B: ______A.The same to you, too.B.Thank you.C.I am sure I will be happy to come back.D.Oh, I´m so glad to see you again.下一题(6~10/共5题)Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 hort conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices given and mark your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the enter.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. 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The manual is in French. I can´t wait for Bill to translate it for me.Man: Don´t worry, Mary. I can do the dishes before the machine starts to work.Question: What does the man mean?A.He will tell Mary how to operate the dishwasher.B.He will wash the dishes himself instead.C.He will help Bill to translate the manual.D.He himself will operate the dishwasher.上一题下一题(11~30/共20题)Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.第11题You ______ him last year when you were in England.A.can have metB.may have metC.can meetD.may meet第12题How thoughtful of him ______ to make all the necessary arrangements for us!A.he isB.it wasC.is heD.was he第13题You did tell me what to do. If only I ______ your advice!A.would takeB.tookC.have takenD.had taken第14题Don´t argue with him any longer. You are only wasting your breath ______ to win him over to your side.A.having triedB.to tryC.to be triedD.trying第15题The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ______ his argument in favour of the new theory.A.which to base onB.on which to baseC.to base on whichD.which to be based on第16题His business prospered and he became a person of means. Yet, despite his great riches, he gave no arms to the needy and no thanks to his benefactors whose savings ______ to his welfare.A.had contributedB.contributedC.were contributedD.did contribute第17题They have decided on a final date by which they expect that everyone ______ the council´s offer and have installed that necessary equipment in his house.A.have taken advantage ofB.will have taken advantage ofC.will take advantage ofD.has taken advantage of第18题You claim that ______ travelling by boat I am wasting part of my holiday: on the contrary. I regard the sea journey as the most enjoyable part of it.A.byB.inC.sinceD.over第19题The large size and roughly circular shape of the Pacific made some scientists think that it ______ a hole left when the moon separated from the earth.ed to beB.would have beenC.might have beenD.should have been第20题______ advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as well.A.WhenB.AsC.WhileD.Whereas第21题She is very ______ about her appearance. Half of her salary goes to clothes.A.particularB.peculiarC.specialD.unusual第22题It is difficult to guess what his ______ to the proposal will be.mentB.impressionC.reactionD.opinion第23题As soon as the exams were over, the students all went their ______ ways.A.homelyB.perspectiveC.respectiveD.diverted第24题Young people always complain, more or less justly, that their parents are out of ______ with modern ways.A.linkB.connectionC.associationD.touch第25题Investors seem to be losing ______ in the car industry.A.beliefB.trustC.reliabilityD.confidence第26题During the fire, he ______ people into groups which carried sand and water to throw onto the flames.A.calledanizedC.madeD.planned第27题I need to move to a larger apartment. Do you know of any ______ ones in this neighborhood?A.emptyB.blankC.vacantD.bare第28题Since we can´t hear you at the back of the hall, you´ll have to ______ your voice.A.liftB.increaseC.speak upD.raise第29题The colors of that coat and hat don´t ______.A.suitB.mixC.matchpare第30题We were rather upset by his ______ to support our proposals.A.rejectingB.refusingC.denyingD.resisting上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage OneHistorically, although the children of immigrants may have grown up bilingual and bicultural, many did not pass on much of their parents´language or culture to their own children. Thus, many grandchildren of immigrants do not speak the language of the old country and are "American" by culture. However, in some parts of the country with established communities that share a common language or culture, bilingualism and biculturalism continue. This is particularly true in communities where new immigrants are still arriving. In general, cultural pluralism (多元化) is more accepted in the United States today than it was in the first half of the 20th century? and many of the school systems have developed bilingual programs and multicultural curricula.At the close of the 20th century, there seemed to be a rise in the consciousness of ethnic groups around the world, and a sense of pride in what makes them unique. This occurs in the United States among many different groups, and in some cases it has resulted in new names to symbolize each group´s identity. In the United States, people have become very sensitive to the language used to describe these groups, and they try to be "politically correct" (P. C. ). For example, many black Americans, particularly young people, prefer the term African-American instead of black, to identify with their African heritage. Some Spanish speakers prefer to be called Latinos (referring to Latin America) instead of Hispanics, while others prefer to be identified by their country of origin (Cuban-American or Cuban, Chicano, Mexican-American or Mexican, and so on).In spite of some very important differences, however, there is still a tie that binds Americans together. That tie is a sense of national identity—of "being an American" . Incidentally, when citizens of the United States refer to themselves as Americans, they have no intention of excluding people from Latin American countries. There is no word such as United Statesians inthe English language, so people call themselves Americans. Thus, what is really a language problem has sometimes caused misunderstandings. Although citizens of Latin American countries may call the people in the United States North Americans, to most people in the United States this makes no sense either, because the term North Americans refer to Canadians and Mexicans as well as citizens of the United States. The word American, then, will be used in this text as the adjective and nationality for the people who live in the United States of America.第31题According to the passage, today many grandchildren of immigrants ______.A.don´t like their old language and cultureB.don´t speak English and reject American cultureC.only speak English and are "American" by cultureD.only live in established communities where new immigrants are still arriving第32题Many black Americans prefer to be called "African Americans" instead of "blacks" because ______.A.they want to be equal to the whitesB.they want to identify with their African heritageC.they want to be politically correctD.they want to improve their social status第33题The tie that binds Americans together is ______.A.the sense of being a citizen of the wealthiest countryB.the sense of being an AmericanC.the sense of being the descendents of early settlersD.the sense of being under one federal government第34题People who live in the United States of America prefer to be called ______.A.United StatesiansB.Americanstin AmericansD.North Americans第35题This passage is mainly concerned with ______.A.cultural pluralism in the U. S.B.African Americans in the U. S.C.history of immigrants in the U. S.D.new immigrants in the U. S.上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Passage TwoDuring the last thirty years, the international economy has experienced a basic change. Improvements in the Internet and other communications have had important effects on world markets. Faster methods of transport from one place to another have made the world seem smaller to the businessmen. As a result, the world no longer consists of a number of separateeconomies under the control of different nations. Instead, the nations have been integrated into a single economy, and the integration is becoming more and more complete every year. For the first time in history, we can truly speak of a global economy.The most dramatic example of this integration was the oil crisis of 1973 and 1974. It came as a great surprise to the public in the industrial nations to discover that they depended so heavily on imported oil. However, the best evidence for the growing integration is the rapid expansion in the volume of world trade. It went up by about 7% a year during the decade from 1990 to 2000, and in several quasi-industrial (半工业的) countries the growth was even more rapid. As a result. some imported products have become as common as domestic commodity. Some of them are too common for the public to any more realize they are foreign.Production has also become international, which is manifested by the large corporations stepping across national borders and established branches and subsidiaries in several different countries. As an example, U. S. companies are building automobiles in Canada. Germany, Britain and Japan. In some cases, components of an automobile are produced abroad and shipped to the United States, where it is then finished with the imported parts. When even the United States has the largest number of such corporations, it is not the only. Other multinationals, for instance, are based in Japan, France, Germany, the UK and Italy.Labor, too, is much more mobile than in the past. Both skilled and unskilled workers can now readily migrate from one country to another. In Europe, for example, there are large numbers of Turkish workers employed in the Germany Economy. Doctors, lawyers, and other professionals are also finding it easier to work in foreign countries. The labor market has become international, and the number of expatriate workers is continuing to grow.第36题The passage is mainly about ______.A.the dependence of the industrial countries on imported oilB.the fundamental change in world economyC.the expansion of international corporationsD.the Internet and world economy第37题People in industrial nations felt greatly surprised by the oil crisis in 1973 and 1974 because ______.A.they didn´t expect the crisis to occur so soonB.they couldn´t live without oilC.they found they were so dependent on foreign countriesD.they realized they were not the stronger nations at all第38题The most convincing indication that we are bordering on a global economy is ______.A.faster methods of transportB.the establishment of more multinational corporationsC.the oil crisis of 1973 and 1974D.the growth of international trade第39题We learn from the passage that ______.A.some less developed countries maintain a faster growth rateB.the United States has more international corporations than other countriesC.the U. S. automobile industry is collapsing under competitive pressure from Japan and other industrialized countriesD.skilled workers and professionals find it easier to work abroad than unskilled workers第40题"Expatriate workers" in the last sentence are those who ______.A.can´t find jobs in their own countriesB.leave their countries to live and work abroadC.have to leave their countries for all their lifeD.are professionals in medicine, law and other professions上一题下一题(41~45/共20题)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Passage ThreeIn the world of climate change, it is in the Earth´s cold regions where trends can most easily be seen. The cryosphere, where water is found in solid form, is among the most sensitive regions to temperature change.The sensitivity of ice and snow to temperature changes is an early indicator of even relatively small differences, says University of Colorado at Boulder senior researcher Richard Armstrong. He has found that today´s receding and thinning sea ice, mountain glacier mass losses, decreasing snow extent, melting permafrost (永久冻土), and rising sea level are all consistent with warming.Global mean temperatures have risen one degree Fahrenheit over the past 100 years. with more than half of the increase occurring in the last 25 years, observes Armstrong who is affiliated with the National Snow and Ice Data Center headquartered at CU-Boulder."As slight as that may seem, it´s enough to make a difference, " said Armstrong. "Now, long-term monitoring of a series of cold region, or cryospheric, parameters (参数) shows that for several decades the amounts of snow and ice around the world have been decreasing. "The extent of Arctic sea ice is shrinking by about 3 percent per decade. but the trends are not uniform. While recent studies have indicated that the ice thickness also had decreased over several decades, new information shows that the ice may have thinned rapidly, Armstrong said. Examination of springtime ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean indicates that the mean ice thickness decreased 1.5 meters (4.8 feet) between the mid-1980s and early 1990s.To mark its 25th anniversary, the National Snow and Ice Data Center has organized a special session at the 2001 Fall Meeting of American Geophysical Union, taking place this week in San Francisco, that illuminates overall changes in the cryosphere.The session begins Tuesday and extends through Thursday afternoon, with 75 contributions from all areas of cryospheric study. Papers and posters include examinations of lake and river ice, glacier dynamics, and mass ice balance studies in polar and continental glaciers, regional and polar snow cover trends, and variations in Canadian ice cap elevations.第41题Trends of climate change can be most easily sensed ______.A.in the oceansB.in icy and snowy regionsC.on high mountainsD.in the south hemisphere第42题The signs of global warming include all of the following EXCEPT ______.A.thinning sea iceB.decreasing snow extentC.melting permafrostD.falling sea level第43题According to Armstrong, ______.A.slight changes in global mean temperature are insignificantB.the amounts of snow and ice around the world began to decrease in the 1990sC.the past 100 years witnessed the greatest rise in global mean temperature in human historyD.the global mean temperature increased more than 0.5 degree Fahrenheit in the last 25 years 第44题Studies have indicated that ______.A.the extent of Arctic sea ice has shrunk by about 3% in the past several decadesB.the mean ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean decreased 1.5 meters in the 1990sC.the amount of ice around the world has been decreasing for several decadesD.the ice thickness decreased most rapidly between the mid-1980s and the 1990s第45题The special session of the National Snow and Ice Data Center was organized to ______.A.attract more contributions to the cryospheric regionsB.make more people realize the threats of climate changeC.stimulate further research into the changes in ice thicknessD.celebrate its 25th anniversary and discuss changes in the cryosphere上一题下一题(46~50/共20题)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Passage FourWhat began with the invention of the telephone in 1876 has today become a global net of cables, satellites, transmitters, and receivers that enables half the population of the planet to exchange works, data, and images in seconds. It could take less than 25 years more to give the other half of the world´s people this same power.The unified global telecommunications system, which is called "the Meganet", represents the greatest construction project ever undertaken. If present trends continue, by early in the 21st century the Meganet will link every computer terminal, fax machine, databank, and telephone instrument on earth.Unlike its anarchic (无政府主义的) cousin the Internet, which evolved from free interaction among interest groups of computer users. the Meganet of local telephone service, long-distance lines, communications satellites, and mobile relays has been planned, constructed, regulated and largely sponsored by governments and for-profit business interests. As new materials and technologies bring reliable voice and data links to formerly isolated or closed communities, political and economic power struggles grow.The Meganet breaks long-established patterns of social identity and responsibility. Where private individuals have uncensored access to global information sources, local standards of legality or decency become difficult even to set, let alone to enforce. Economic values may shift,too. Public utility companies have long supplied electric power over miles of high-tension lines, or pumped water through underground pipelines into thousands of homes. Now they are finding that their power-line rights-of-way and physical into-home connections let them compete with cable TV and phone companies to supply information services as well.Meganet impacts are often double-edged for finance and business, too. New York´s Wall Street district lost 20% of its work force—some 100000 jobs—in less than a decade, as computers took over tasks once performed by clerks and banks did more of their business by phone transfers and automated teller machines.第46题"The Meganet" is ______.A.sponsored by governmentsB.similar to its cousin the InternetC.the continuity of the InternetD.evolved from spontaneous interaction among interest groups of computer users第47题According to the passage, what is the difference between "the Meganet" and Internet?A.Both of them are developed by some interest groups of computer users.B.Meganet is the continuity of Internet.C.Meganet is planned and regulated, while Internet is disorganized.D.Meganet has fewer users than Internet.第48题Meganet is changing human life largely because ______.A.the individuals are able to link to the global information sources without any controlB.people accept the standards of legality consciouslyC.it is not necessary to set some standards of decencyD.lots of people needn´t work any more第49题The word "uncensored" (Line 2, Para. 4) probably means ______.A.unguardedB.uncheckedC.unidentifiedD.unwarranted第50题What kind of opinion does the author have toward the Meganet impacts?A.Objective.B.Subjective.C.Appreciating.D.Criticizing.上一题下一题(51~60/共10题)Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center."Culture shock" occurs as a result of total immersion in new culture. It __1__to "people whohave been suddenly transplanted abroad. " Newcomers may be anxious __2__they do not speak the language, know the __3__, or understand people´s behavior in daily life. The visitor finds that "yes" may not always mean "yes", that friendliness does not __4__mean friendship or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended __5__jokes. The foreigner may be unsure as to when to shake hands or embrace, when to __6__conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The __7__. of "culture shock" helps explain feelings of bewilderment and disorientation. Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel. When one is __8__of everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, __9__knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may __10__.第51题__1__A.occursB.appearsC.happensD.exists第52题__2__A.so thatB.becauseC.unlessD.though第53题__3__A.customsB.habitsC.practicesD.regulations第54题__4__A.necessarilyB.virtuallyC.absolutelyD.formerly第55题__5__A.likeB.forC.byD.as第56题__6__A.disturbB.initiateD.imitate第57题__7__A.viewB.thoughtC.explanationD.notion第58题__8__A.deniedB.refusedC.lostD.deprived第59题__9__A.butB.norC.orD.and第60题__10__A.arouseB.riseC.ariseD.raise上一题下一题(1/1)Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)第61题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Is it the sole aim of most Americans to make money and possess luxuries which could be called excessive? The majority of Americans would certainly deny this, though most feel proud to amass wealth and possessions through hard work. In the USA, about 90% of the population is well enough off to expect a brighter future. The USA still has one of the highest standards of living in the world, although, at the present times, 10% are below what the Government considered to be below the "poverty level. " While these under-privileged people receive help from the Government, they have no high hopes for their future. It is from this "underclass," and those who take advantage of it, that most of the violence springs—the violence, which is one of the least pleasant aspects of American society. Some believe that the only guarantee of security is wealth, and the only way out for the poor is to get money.______上一题下一题(1/1)Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title "The Football Hit" . You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:(1)我国的足球运动吸引了越来越多的观众。

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optimistic乐观的, 乐观主义的 He is an optimistic young fellow. 他是位乐观的年轻人。 optimism n. pessimistic悲观的; 悲观主义的 There is no reason to be pessimistic about the future. 没有理由对未来悲观。 pessimism n.
Twice once Think twice 三思，认真考虑 Please think twice before taking action. Once more Once again Once a week, twice a week
respective各自的; 各个的 He and I are each going to visit our respective teachers. 我和他分别要去拜访各自的老师。 swear 宣誓,发誓 I don't know anything about what happened, I swear. 我发誓, 我对所发生的事一无所知。
exclude排除; 不包括在内 Closing the windows excludes street noises. 关窗使街上吵闹的声音不能进来。 exclusive高级的, 奢华的 He often goes to the exclusive restaurants. 他经常去高级饭馆。 The story is exclusive to this newspaper. 这家报纸独家报道这个材料。 include包括, 包含 Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory. 他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。 inclusive包括…的, 包括一切的 It's an all inclusive price; there is nothing extra to pay. 这是一个包罗一切的价格, 不需再额外付款了。
work out解决, 解答; 计算出 This problem will not work out. 这个问题解答不了。 Can you work out on the map where we are now? 你能在地图上找到我们现在所在的位置吗?
prefer选择某事物(而不选择他事物); 更喜欢 He preferred to die instead of stealing. 他宁愿死也不愿意偷窃。 prefer… to…较喜欢; 宁愿 I prefer country life to town life. 我更喜欢乡村生活而不喜欢城市生活。 preferential优先的, 优惠的, 特惠的 This hotel gives preferential treatment to people who stay in it regularly. 旅馆给那些常客优惠待遇。
conspicuous显眼的, 明显的 There was a conspicuous landmark ahead. 前面有一个显著的路标。 He was conspicuous among his colleagues. 他在同事中出类拔萃。 inconspicuous 不引人注意的
redundant不需要的; 多余的,过剩的 Seventy men at the factory were redundant because of falling demand for our products. 由于对我们产品需求的减少, 工厂里有70人被辞退了。 There are too many redundant words in this book. 这本书里多余的词太多。 compete competitor competition compete for compete with
step脚步, 步 He stood within five steps of me. 他站在离我不到五步远的地方。 step by step一步步地, 逐步地, 逐渐地 He learnt the rules of the game step by step. shoulder by shoulder & hand in hand step up(使)增加, (s going to be late, he stepped up his pace. 约翰发现要迟到了, 就加大步伐。 He has stepped up into the management of the firm. 他已升入公司的管理部门。
invisible看不见的; 暗藏的 The air is full of (be filled with) millions of invisible germs. 空气中充满了许多看不见的细菌。 visible看得见的, 可见的, 有形的 It is a visible star in the sky. vision视力, 视觉 I've had my eyes tested and the report says that my vision is perfect. 我去检查眼睛, 根据报告我视力极佳。
concern忧虑, 担心 vt.有关于, 关系到 These problems concern all of us. 这些问题与我们所有的人都有关系。 It doesn't concern me at all. 此事与我毫不相干。此事与我毫不相干。 be concerned about关心挂念关心,挂念关心 The company philosophy is to be concerned about both safety and efficiency 公司执行安全与效率兼顾的原则。公司执行安全与效率兼顾的原则。
boost向上推起, 提升,促进, 改善, 激励 The rocket boosts the astronaut into space. 这火箭能把宇航员送入太空。 These changes will help to boost share prices. 这些变化将有助于提高股票价格。 prior优先的; 在前的; 较早的 I have a prior engagement at five. prior to在…之前 The will was made two days prior to his death. 遗嘱是在他死亡前两天立的。
predict预言; 预测; 预示 They predicted great things for the boy. 他们预言这孩子有出息。 I predicted their getting into trouble. 我料到他们会倒霉。 prediction predictor预言者,预报器
aggressive 好争斗的, 挑衅的, 侵略性的 The dogs are trained to be aggressive. 这些狗被训练得具有攻击性。 aggress v.攻击,侵犯 strenuous费力的; 须用力应付的 He made strenuous attempts to stop her. 他为阻止她付出了极大的努力。
exert运用, 发挥, 施加 He likes to exert his authority. 他喜欢行使自己的权力。 exert用(力); 尽(力) He never exerts himself to help anyone. 他从未尽力帮助别人。 tremendous极大的, 巨大的 There is a tremendous difference between them.
in response to 对…做出反应 The quick recovery was truly in response to medication. 这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。 pledge 保证; 誓言 The government should fulfil its pledge. 政府应该履行其诺言。 pledge v.保证, 许诺; 发誓 They have pledged that they will always remain faithful to each other.
hinder阻碍; 妨碍 Heavy snow hindered construction work. 大雪阻碍了建筑工程的进展。 Nobody wants to hinder your doing that. 谁也不想阻止你做那件事。 rural农村的 We left the city for a rural home. 我们离开城市, 去农村安家。 urban城市的 Traffic is a major urban problem.
gauge v.估计, 判断 It's difficult to gauge one's character. 要判断一个人的品格是很困难的。 Can you gauge what her reaction is likely to be? 你能揣测她的反应可能是什么吗? gauge n.规格, 尺度 What gauge of wire do you require? 你需要什么规格的电线?