英文版的IRAC案例分析(老师整理的希望能帮助理解)
IRAC案例分析方法
IRAC案例分析方法
首先，I代表问题（Issue），明确需要解答的法律问题是什么。
问
题需要具体指向案例中的疑点或争议点，使得读者能够准确了解要解决的
问题。
接着，R代表规则（Rule），列出适用于该案件的法律规则或原则。
规则要尽可能准确地描述法律要求的标准，可以引用法条、案例或学说的
观点。
在列出规则时，需要将其与案件的特定情况相结合，确保所列规则
与问题相关。
然后，A代表分析（Analysis），针对规则和案件事实，进行有条理
的分析。
分析应基于合乎逻辑的推理和相关法律知识，可以探讨法律规则
的解释、权威解释和判例更改。
分析需要全面细致地考虑事实和规则之间
的关联，探讨各种可能的结果和观点，并评估其合理性和合法性。
最后，C代表结论（Conclusion），对问题给出明确的答案。
结论应
简明扼要地回答问题，并指明所依据的事实和法律规则。
结论应与分析紧
密关联，体现对问题的透彻理解和深入思考。
总之，IRAC案例分析方法通过有序地呈现问题、规则、分析和结论，帮助读者了解并解决复杂的法律问题。
通过运用IRAC法，你能够更清晰、系统地呈现法律思考和判断的过程，对案件进行更全面、深入的分析。
这
种方法的应用于法律学习和实践中，能够帮助你组织和表达你的观点，以
及更好地理解和运用法律知识。
irac案例分析法
irac案例分析法IRAC案例分析法。
IRAC案例分析法是法律学习和法律实务中常用的一种分析方法。
IRAC是Issue（问题）、Rule（规则）、Application（应用）、Conclusion（结论）四个单词的首字母缩写，表示了这种分析法的基本步骤。
下面将详细介绍IRAC案例分析法的具体步骤和应用。
首先，我们来看一下IRAC案例分析法的第一步，即问题（Issue）。
在使用IRAC分析法时，首先需要确定案例中的问题是什么，这个问题通常是一个法律问题，需要通过法律规则来解决。
在确定问题的同时，还需要明确问题的背景和相关的事实情况，以便更好地进行后续的分析。
接下来是IRAC案例分析法的第二步，即规则（Rule）。
在这一步中，需要找到适用于解决问题的法律规则或法律原则。
这些规则可以来自法律条文、先例法或者学术观点等，需要根据具体的案例情况来确定适用的规则，并对其进行详细的阐述和解释。
然后是IRAC案例分析法的第三步，即应用（Application）。
在这一步中，需要将找到的法律规则应用到具体的案例情况中，分析法律规则是如何适用于案例中的事实情况的。
需要对案例中的事实进行详细的分析和对比，找出与法律规则相关的事实，并进行适用规则的论证和推理。
最后是IRAC案例分析法的第四步，即结论（Conclusion）。
在这一步中，需要得出针对案例问题的结论，即根据前面的分析得出对问题的答案，并对结论进行简要的总结和概括。
在得出结论的同时，还可以对案例中可能存在的争议或者其他相关问题进行讨论和展望。
总之，IRAC案例分析法是一种非常实用的法律分析方法，通过对案例问题的逐步分析，可以帮助人们更好地理解和运用法律规则，对案例进行深入的分析和讨论，从而提高法律专业人士的分析和解决问题的能力。
希望通过本文的介绍，读者能够更好地掌握IRAC案例分析法的基本步骤和应用技巧，从而在法律学习和实务中更好地运用这一分析方法。
IRAC案例分析方法
IRAC案例分析方法IRAC是一种用于法律案例分析的常见方法，它代表问题（Issue）、规则（Rule）、分析（Analysis）和结论（Conclusion）。
问题（Issue）：首先要确定案例中涉及的法律问题是什么。
这可以通过仔细阅读案例并注意到案例当事人之间的争议点来确定。
问题通常以问句的形式出现，例如“在本案中，是否违反了XX法律？”或者“在本案中，是否构成了XX犯罪行为？”。
结论（Conclusion）：最后，你需要通过对规则和分析的考虑得出结论。
结论部分应该清晰地回答问题，并根据你的分析提供一个明确的答案。
如果你认事实与适用的法律规则相符，你应该得出一个肯定的结论。
如果事实与适用的法律规则不符，你应该得出一个否定的结论。
下面是一个示例：问题（Issue）：在本案中，是否违反了合同法？规则（Rule）：根据合同法第X条，合同双方应当遵守合同条款，并且应尽力履行其义务。
分析（Analysis）：根据案例中的事实，当事人A和当事人B签订了一份购买协议。
根据购买协议，当事人A同意购买当事人B的房屋，并付款。
然而，在交付日期之前，当事人A通知当事人B，他不打算履行协议。
根据合同法的规定，当事人A的行为违反了合同法，因为他没有履行购买协议中的义务。
结论（Conclusion）：在本案中，当事人A违反了合同法，因为他没有履行购买协议中的义务。
因此，当事人B有权寻求违约损害赔偿或其他合同救济。
通过使用IRAC方法，你可以更系统地分析法律案例，并提供一个清晰的、有逻辑的解释和结论。
这种方法有助于使你的分析更加准确和一致，并帮助你在法律论证中生成有力的逻辑。
海外法律案例分析题(3篇)
第1篇一、背景苹果公司（Apple Inc.）是一家总部位于美国的跨国科技公司，以生产iPhone、iPad、Mac等电子产品而闻名于世。
自成立以来，苹果公司凭借其创新技术和强大的品牌影响力，在全球市场上取得了巨大的成功。
然而，随着其业务的不断扩张，苹果公司也面临着越来越多的法律挑战。
本案例将分析苹果公司在欧洲市场所面临的一项重大法律挑战——欧盟反垄断调查。
二、案件概述2016年，欧盟委员会（European Commission）对苹果公司展开了一项反垄断调查。
调查的起因是苹果公司在爱尔兰的子公司——苹果欧洲控股公司（Apple Sales International）被指控利用爱尔兰的税收优惠政策，规避了巨额税款。
具体来说，苹果公司在爱尔兰设立了一个名为“Double Irish”的税收安排，通过将利润转移至爱尔兰，从而享受低税率，并规避了其在其他国家的税收责任。
欧盟委员会认为，苹果公司的这一行为违反了欧盟反垄断法规，即欧盟第101条，该条款禁止企业通过协议、决定或其他共同行为限制市场竞争。
欧盟委员会的调查结果显示，苹果公司在爱尔兰的税收安排导致其少缴纳了至少130亿欧元的税款，这对其他在爱尔兰经营的跨国公司构成了不公平的竞争优势。
三、案件焦点本案的焦点主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 税收优惠的合法性：苹果公司是否利用爱尔兰的税收优惠政策规避税款，以及这种做法是否符合欧盟反垄断法规。
2. 税收安排的目的：苹果公司设立“Double Irish”税收安排的目的是否是为了规避税款，还是为了实现其商业战略。
3. 市场竞争的影响：苹果公司的税收安排是否对欧盟市场上的其他企业造成了不公平的竞争优势。
四、案件分析1. 税收优惠的合法性欧盟委员会认为，苹果公司在爱尔兰的税收安排违反了欧盟反垄断法规。
首先，这种安排允许苹果公司将利润转移至爱尔兰，享受低税率，从而减少了其在其他国家的税收负担。
其次，这种安排可能对其他在爱尔兰经营的跨国公司造成了不公平的竞争优势，因为它们需要支付更高的税率。
国际知识产权法案例分析英文版
WUHAN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW: OVERVIEW AND CURRENT ISSUESLectured by Professor Sam RicketsonMelbourne University Law SchoolTAKE HOME EXAMINATION – SEMESTER 1, 2012Major: International Economic LawName: LinYaoNumber: 2011201060201Date: 2012.11.23IntroductionDuring the period of November 2012, I took“International Intellectual Property Law: Overview and Current Issues”as an important foreign elective course. The course is structured around overviews and frontier problems on IP rights. Based on those classic convention systems research and class discussions about current issues, I lifted knowledge and sharpened my linguistic skills. In Strict Accordance with the requirements and schedule, I’ve completed the task through my own efforts as a study feedback.Thanks for Professor Sam Ricketson and Professor NieJianqiang worked on imparting knowledge and let me enjoy the wonderful journey of International Intellectual Property Law. Look forward to your suggestion and correction.ALL MY ANSWERS ARE AS BELOW:PART AQuestion One – 40%Dear Justine:You have asked me for advice on Draft Tempuran Intellectual Property Code. Thank you for trusting me, and I will try to give some suggestions. All the suggestions are under TRIPs Agreement, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, and the WIPO Copyright Treaty, which will be inherit by Tempuran.(a)A.Copyright(1)The draft Code defines “the author is a citizen of Tempura or has beenhabitually resident in Tempura for a period of no less than 5 years” .But asBerne Convention provides: “Authors who are not nationals of one of thecountries of the Union but who have their habitual residence in one ofthem shall, for the purposes of this Convention, be assimilated to nationalsof that country.”That means the time standard of “5 years” should not beset.(2)The provider “only the work is first published in Tempuran or in countriesthat give equivalent protection to the works of Tempuran authors shouldbe protected”and even the further condition for protection go against tonational treatment.(3)About the duration of protection, the convention provider the term shall bethe life of the author and fifty years after his death and give permanentprotection for right of personality. “100 years after the first publication”and ”will prejudice the author’s right, personality right should not belimited in author’s lifetime.B.DesignsInitial registration, and each renewal of registration, of a trademark shallbe for a term of no less than seven years.C.Trademarks(1)According to the TRIPs Agreement, of registration, trademark means thatsigns be visually perceptible. Therefore, cautious attitude should be hold to“smell” can be a kind of trademark.(2)“Through evidence of extensive market use that has already occurred atthe time of application”may be a suitable condition for well-knowntrademark application, but too strict with common trademark.D.Patents for inventions(1)About the problem of foreign priority. The periods of priority shall betwelve months for patents and novelty won’t lose despite of application orpublishing in other Union members.(2)Patents can be taken advantage to meet fair use for the education necessary,not limited in colleges or higher educational establishments.(3)The patents right holder shall be paid adequate remuneration in thecircumstances of each case, taking into account the economic value of theauthorization under compulsory license, also the patentee who has itsprincipal headquarters outside of Tempura.Application of CodeThe Code should be retroactive,ambit of industrial property rights protection may expand to expand to the works come into existence before or after the commencement date of the Code.(b)(1)Traditional ideas that, every country insists on the territorial character ofintellectual property right in establishing the rules of application of law.The strict Region principle decides domestic law has no extraterritorialeffect in principle. But Tempura is a highly industrialized country with alarge services sector, that means abandon extraterritorial jurisdiction isadverse for IP rights protection as an technology exporting country.(2)Subject matter jurisdiction contributes to the establishment of independentand unified legal system. Extraterritorial subject matter jurisdiction mainlyaims at damage to the interests of overseas citizens. So for a sovereignstate, it is a perfect way to demonstrate the state sovereignty. AlthoughSalesia have a complete legal system, to Tempuran, it is necessary toachieve judicature to enhance independence and development.(3)The ownership and contents of an intellectual property right shall be governed by laws of the place where protection is claimed.PART BQuestion Two – 30%The rapid development of the Internet to the network environment of Intellectual, Property protection has brought unprecedented impact. Cyberspace is a global, interactive and non-jurisdiction of the central features of the network so that the world can not rely solely on a dispute to solve the country, it needs international cooperation and coordination.Internet intellectual property is the derivative combing internet technology with intellectual property. Compared with traditional intellectual property, the striking characteristics of internet intellectual property lie in the existence of intellectual property and the environment based on computer network. It therefore has the rules of itself in features of infringement and ways of infringement. At present, owing to the frequent infringement events, drastically increasing infringement cases, diversified ways of infringement, difficult investigating infringement responsibilities and imperfect convention systems in internet intellectual property, some measures should be taken to strengthen internet intellectual property protection by improving international treaty-making, perfecting internet intellectual property protect organism, improving people' s awareness of the law of internet intellectual property protection. For example, at present the Internet domain name plays the role of equivalent of trademark, but still has not obtained the legal status similar to trademark. Malicious registering action has already caused problems, and the solution seems to be giving the legal protection as trademark. However, the sets of conventions forming in the 19th century are difficult to completely adapt to the social reality of the 21st century. The provisions of the present convention is adapted to the industrial economic condition, but in the era of knowledge economy, the range and speed of information dissemination is far from traditional environment, technique update cycle becomes shorter, eliminated frequently, intellectual property intangible loss also increases greatly. Therefore, further update for the current international treaties is necessary. Ofcourse, the renewal of the intellectual property legal system will not shake the purpose of intellectual property rights and basic function, on the contrary, it is to promote intellectual property system play a better role the inevitable trend.Question Three – 30%Historically, in the international legal system, independent, parallel, and yet there are significant contrasts between the evolution of Intellectual Property laws and international human rights law. However, Since the 1990s, western scholars began to pay attention to the complicated relationship between them. This academic research phenomenon relates to Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (The TRIPS agreement) formulation and implementation.According to Universal Declaration of Human Rights (hereafter referred to as UDHR) and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, (hereafter referred to as ICESCR), Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. But as the development of digital age, collision between intellectual property protection and human rights has been rising. The provisions of TRIPs agreement pose an obstacle to realization of these basic human rights. The adverse impacts mainly include: obstruct technology assignment to developing countries; new varieties of plants and genetically modified organisms patents influence adequate food need; medicine patents impact on enjoying good health, etc.However, the IGOs and UN senior officials always keep cautious attitude toward using “conflict” to describe this relationship. They use the word “tension” instead. Actually, I think intellectual property is not totally on opposite side to human rights, but the tool for human rights realization. Intellectual property is used to achieve the purpose as following: encourage invention and creation, encourage innovative production spread, encourage development of culture characteristics. Integrity of scientific, literary and artistic works will provide better social services, even create good conditions for realizing human rights.Indeed,strained relations between human rights and IP rights can not be ignored. There are views that the conflict can be solved by the legislative way.According to article 7 of TRIPs, the interests balance spirit reflects each part of human rights are indivisible, this is policy space for WTO members to protect IP rights and ensure social public interests at the same time.WIPO also think, exceptions and restrictive covenants in the article are enough to help ease the tension relationship.Developing countries can also make use of the flexibility and exception clause (such as compulsory license, patent exceptions, etc.) in TRIPS agreement clause to solve drugs available problems, to fulfil food demand, and to protect other public interests.。
IRAC案例分析方法
IRAC案例分析方法IRAC（Issue, Rule, Analysis, Conclusion）是一种案例分析方法，常用于法律学习和法律实践中。
本文将详细介绍IRAC案例分析方法，并以一个简单的案例为例进行分析。
首先需要了解IRAC的四个组成部分：1. Issue（问题）：明确案例中涉及的法律问题，并将问题具体化。
问题应具备以下两个特点：在案例事实和法律原则下产生分歧，以及可以用法律原则加以解决。
2. Rule（规则）：列出涉及到的法律规则、法条或者先例，这些规则将用于解决问题。
规则需要确保与案例事实相关，且有助于解释和解决案例中的法律争议。
3. Analysis（分析）：根据事实和规则，分析每一条规则在案例中的适用性和影响。
在对规则适用性的分析中，需要关注规则的含义、前提条件以及异常情况；在规则的影响分析中，应该强调规则的适用范围、解释、权衡和争议。
4. Conclusion（结论）：总结你的法律分析，回答问题。
结论应该清晰、准确，并基于你的分析和对规则的适用性的评判。
下面是一个简单的案例和使用IRAC方法进行分析的例子：案例：小明在市中心的商场里买到一部损坏的笔记本电脑。
商场拒绝退还小明的购机款。
小明决定提起诉讼以追回购机款。
问题：小明是否有权要求商场退还购机款？规则：根据《消费者权益保护法》，商场应当提供商品的质量保证，否则消费者有权要求退还购机款。
分析：根据事实，小明在商场购买笔记本电脑，而商场拒绝退还购机款。
根据规则，商场有义务提供商品的质量保证。
在这种情况下，商场未履行其法定义务，以致小明购买到了损坏的商品。
因此，小明有权要求商场退还购机款。
结论：小明有权要求商场退还购机款。
通过以上案例分析，我们可以看到IRAC方法的主要步骤。
这种方法帮助律师和法律学生系统地思考和分析法律问题，使他们在解决问题时能够更加有条理和准确。
当然，在实际运用中，可能还需要更多的分析和论证来完善案例分析。
(完整版)英文版的IRAC案例分析(老师整理的希望能帮助理解)
⏹Facts: B offered to sell his car to A for $500. A said he would buyit but he needed time to raise the money. B said he would wait until Sunday to allow him to find the money. However, on Friday C offered B $600 for the car and B accepted C’s offer and so ld it to him. B tried to ring A to tell him the car had already been sold so he could not buy it. A’s sister answered the phone and took the message, but forgot to tell A. On Sunday A arrived at B’s flat with the money.⏹Issue: Question: Is there a binding contract between B and A?⏹Rule:⏹This question is about offer and acceptance. An offer can beaccepted until it is revoked, but a promise to keep an offer open untila certain date is not binding unless it is supported by consideration.⏹It can be revoked at any time before acceptance, but revocation isnot effective until it is communicated to the offeree.⏹In order to be effective an acceptance must be firm andcommunicated.⏹Application/Analysis ：In this case there is an offer by B to sell A hiscar for $500. When A says he will buy if it he can raise the money, this is not an acceptance, because it is conditional –not firm. B promises to keep the offer open until Sunday, but he is not bound by this promise as it is gratuitous. B is therefore entitled to revoke the offer on Friday, but the revocation is not effective until it iscommunicated to A. A’s sister failed to pass on the message because she forgot and therefore A did not receive notice of the revocation.So when he turned up at B’s flat with the money, he was accepting the offer.Conclusion: Therefore, there is a binding contract between B andA .。
irac案例分析法
irac案例分析法IRAC案例分析法。
IRAC案例分析法是一种常用的法律分析方法，它通过分析案例中的事实、问题、法律规则和结论，帮助人们更好地理解和应用法律知识。
IRAC分别代表了Issue（问题）、Rule（规则）、Application（应用）和Conclusion（结论），下面将详细介绍这一分析方法的具体步骤和应用技巧。
首先，IRAC分析法的第一步是识别问题（Issue）。
在进行案例分析时，我们需要准确地找出案件中涉及的法律问题，明确问题的核心内容。
这一步需要对案件进行仔细的阅读和理解，确保对问题的把握准确清晰。
接下来是规则（Rule）的阐述。
在这一步中，我们需要引用相关的法律规则和法规，对涉及问题的法律条文进行解释和说明。
这一步需要对法律条文有深入的理解和掌握，确保对法律规则的适用有充分的把握。
然后是应用（Application）法律规则的具体应用。
在这一步中，我们需要将案件中的事实与相关的法律规则相结合，进行具体的分析和论证。
这一步需要对案件中的事实有全面的了解和把握，确保对法律规则的正确适用。
最后是得出结论（Conclusion）。
在这一步中，我们需要根据前面的分析和论证，得出对问题的结论和解决方案。
这一步需要对前面的分析有逻辑的延伸和推理，确保结论的合理性和可靠性。
总的来说，IRAC案例分析法是一种系统和严谨的法律分析方法，它能够帮助人们更好地理解和应用法律知识，对于法律实务工作和法律学习都具有重要的指导意义。
通过对案例的详细分析和论证，我们可以更好地理解案件的核心问题，掌握相关的法律规则，提高法律分析和解决问题的能力。
因此，掌握和运用IRAC案例分析法对于提高法律素养和专业能力具有重要的意义。
在实际应用中，我们需要注意以下几点，首先，对案件的事实和问题要有准确的把握和理解，确保问题的准确定位；其次，对法律规则的理解和适用要准确全面，确保分析的严谨性和可靠性；最后，对结论的得出要有逻辑的推理和论证，确保结论的合理性和说服力。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
⏹Facts: B offered to sell his car to A for $500. A said he would buy
it but he needed time to raise the money. B said he would wait until Sunday to allow him to find the money. However, on Friday C offered B $600 for the car and B accepted C’s offer and so ld it to him. B tried to ring A to tell him the car had already been sold so he could not buy it. A’s sister answered the phone and took the message, but forgot to tell A. On Sunday A arrived at B’s flat with the money.
⏹Issue: Question: Is there a binding contract between B and A?
⏹Rule:
⏹This question is about offer and acceptance. An offer can be
accepted until it is revoked, but a promise to keep an offer open until
a certain date is not binding unless it is supported by consideration.
⏹It can be revoked at any time before acceptance, but revocation is
not effective until it is communicated to the offeree.
⏹In order to be effective an acceptance must be firm and
communicated.
⏹Application/Analysis ：In this case there is an offer by B to sell A his
car for $500. When A says he will buy if it he can raise the money, this is not an acceptance, because it is conditional –not firm. B promises to keep the offer open until Sunday, but he is not bound by this promise as it is gratuitous. B is therefore entitled to revoke the offer on Friday, but the revocation is not effective until it is
communicated to A. A’s sister failed to pass on the message because she forgot and therefore A did not receive notice of the revocation.
So when he turned up at B’s flat with the money, he was accepting the offer.
Conclusion: Therefore, there is a binding contract between B and
A .。