清华大学跨文化课程教案7

mastery with nature
subjugation to nature
harmony with nature mastery with nature
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
3. Time orientation
a. Value - Past Orientation b. Value - Present Orientation c. Value - Future Orientation
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
4. Activity orientation
a. Value - Doing Orientation b. Value - Being Orientation c. Value - Being-in-Becoming Orientation
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
High-context culture
“A high context (HC) communication or message is one in which most of the infor-mation is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmit-ted part of the message.
of
Beliefs High-context Values Human Nature
Individualism Collectivism
and
Ways Acting
of Norms
Low-context
Person-Nature
Uncertainty Avoidance
Time Social Practices Power distance Activity Masculinity Femininity Relational –
An American standing on chair in restaurant giving speech at his leaving his hometown
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Cultures Arranged Along the HighContext and Low-Context Dimension
5. Relational orientation
a. Value - Individualism Orientation b. Value - Lineality Orientation c. Value - Collaterality Orientation
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Text B: Components of Cultural Patterns
Social Practices
Beliefs
Cultural patterns
Values
Norms
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Beliefs
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Social Practices
Social practices are the predictable behavior patterns that members of a culture typically follow. Thus, social practices are the outward manifestations of beliefs, values, and norms.
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Case Analysis - “wrong signals”
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
What’s the values reflected in the following proverbs?
Blood is thicker than water. Time is money. A man’s house is his castle. The early bird catches the worm. 人之初，性本善。 天人感应。 一人得道，鸡犬升天。 以人为鉴，可以明得失；以史为鉴， 可以知兴替。
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Norms
Norms are the socially shared expectations of appropriate behaviors. Norms may change over a period of time, whereas beliefs and values tend to be much more enduring.
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Text C: Edward T. Hall’s Contextculture theory
1）The definition of context: “the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the mean-ing of the event.” 2）Categorization of high-context culture and low-context culture depending on the degree to which meaning comes from the set-tings or from the words being exchanged.
Values
Values involve what a culture regards as good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just or unjust, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or inappropriate, and kind or cruel.
Definition
Components
Edward T Hall’s Context - Culture Theory
Kluckhohn Strodtbeck’s Orientation
and Value
Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Variability
Ways Thinking
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
1. Individualism versus collectivism
The characteristics of cultures that value individualism
People’s personal goals take priority over their groups like the family or the employer. The loyalty of individualists to a given group is very weak. People feel they belong to many groups and are apt to change their membership as it suits them, switching churches, for example, or leaving one employer for another. ----Daniel Goleman
Exploring Ideas
What would you add or change to more accurately express the Chinese orientation to relation? Is the relational orientation changing? What is your evidence?
High-Context Cultures Japanese Chinese Korean African American Native American Arab Greek Latin Italian English French American Scandinavian German German-Swiss Lower-Context Cultures
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Text D: Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s value orientation 1. Human nature orientation 2. Person-nature orientation 3. Time orientation 4. Activity orientation 5. Relational orientation Hindu ethics
Chapter7 Cultural Patterns
1. Human nature orientation
(1) Humans are evil but changeable, (2) humans are evil and unchangeable, (3) humans are neutral with respect to good and evil, (4) humans are a mixture of good and evil, (5) humans are good but changeable, and (6) humans are good and unchangeable.