三段式写作方法-素材及写作指导.doc

三段式写作方法-素材及写作指导
高考备考写作专题1
三段式作文法
重点诠释：
所谓三段式就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式谋篇布局。

就整体篇章结构而言，如何把握较大的写作空间，三段式的写作模式为最佳选择。

三段式的模式写法通常为：
1．第一段开门见山，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者把时间，地点，人物和主要事件及时点出。

2．第二段要摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。

3．最后一段，得出结论或理由。

注意：要学会使用过渡词。

过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“粘合剂”。

恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散，层次分明，表意不清等弊端，使文章条理清楚，文字连贯流畅。

常用的过渡词有：递进型：also, andbesides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, what’s worse, worse still, to make matters worse, for the worse, not only…but also等；
解释型：that is to say, in other words, or, namely, if fact, in reality, as a matter of fact等；
转折型：however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the contrary,on the other hand 等；
列举型：firstly…secondly…finally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another 等
举例型：for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take…for example等；因果型：because of, since, now that, thanks to, due to; thus, therefore, as a result consequence,so…that, so that等；
让步型：though, although, in spite of, despite 等；
顺序型：first…next…and then…finally, first…then…after that…finally 等；并列型：and, both…and, or, either…or, as well as, 等
时间型：afterwards, soon, later, the moment/ immediately/ on doing,
hardly…when, no sooner…than 等
总结型：in a word, to sum up, in short, on the whole, in conclusion 等
见解型：in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned,I’m sure 等条件型：if, as long as, so long as, on condition that , unless 等
写作典例：
假设你是李越，你的加拿大笔友Steve来信说，他和他的一些同学正在学中文，请你推荐两本学中文的词典。

根据下表提供的信息，请你给他写一封回信。

英汉词典新华字典
收词
（字）18000（英语）1000020000 （汉语）
价格52元11元
特点大量例子，用法说明，适合初学者中国最常用的汉语字典
注意：
1. 词数：100左右；
2．参考词汇：推荐recommend; 英汉词典The English-Chinese Dictionary ECE; 新华字典Xinhua Dictionary XD
Dear Steve,
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Yours
Li Yue
分析：此篇书面表达属于实物说明文，其篇章结构可按三段式进行写作。

本文的第一段，可用直接的叙述“I’m so pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese”.正文即可作为第二段，其主要内容是对两本词典的一些介绍。

结束语即可作为第三段。

应将两本词典的特点表达准确，以便加拿大笔友Steve作出合理选择。

表达时，文章的基本时态可考虑用一般现在时。

范文：
Dear Steve,
I’m so pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese. I’d like to recommend the following two dictionaries.The English-Chinese
Dictionary is really a good one for beginners. It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words, besides plenty of examples, it has many notes telling you how to use a word. Xinhua
Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a vocabulary fo 10,000 words. It may also be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese. Of the two, ECD is more expensive. It costs 52 yuan,and XD costs 11 yuan.
Please let me know if you want me to buy one for you.
Yours,
Li Yue
三段式议论文的写作方法
三段式议论文的写作方法
1)议论文常用的方法议论文的方法有：举例论证、分析论证、引证论证、对比论证和类比论证。

还有反证法，证明对方论点是错误的，自己的观点是正确的，从而驳倒对方。

2)议论文的要求
(1) 论点要正确、鲜明。

在论证中，无论是对正面观点的阐述，还是对反面观点的反驳，自己的论点都必须正确，鲜明，赞成什么，反对什么，必须鲜明地表示出来，不能含糊不清。

(2) 论据要充实可靠。

这就要求作者选择论据要典型，要真实可靠。

只有充实的论据，文章才有说明力。

(3) 论证要合乎逻辑。

这就要求论证时，说理要严谨，推理要合乎逻辑。

最常见的议论文结构是纵贯式，就是按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次，即：开头(引论) 本论(正文) 结尾(结论)，也就是我们常说的三段式结构。

Challenge (向挑战)Old Beliefs(信念,信仰)
There are many things in the world which are accepted as certain when they are not certain, and what an expert(专家) says or thinks must not be accepted or rejected(抛弃) hastily(急忙地). The following example may help to make us less rigid in our beliefs.
When helium(氦) is cooled to very low temperature, it forms an astonishing liquid which does not appear to agree with the laws of gravity. It can go upwards.(向上) If it is put into a bottle which is open at the top, it empties itself out of the bottle; and if an open bottle is stood in this liquid, the liquid will move up the outer (外部的)side of the bottle and run down inside it until the levels outside and inside are the same.
So anyone who is determined(坚决的,有决心的) to advance science must have a capacity(能力,能量) for original thought and for action based on that thought.
本文是三段式结构，用举例的方法进行论证。

第一段提出论点，第二段举例加以论证，第三段得出令人信服的结论。

本文论点明确，论据科学可靠，由此而得出的结论非常有说明力。