电动叉车设计说明书

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叉车设计计算说明书

叉车设计计算说明书

叉车性能及参数叉车稳定性计算叉车重心位置的确定叉车重心位置对叉车稳定行和桥负荷分配影响极大。

叉车总体位置布置后,各个部件或总成的重量和它们在叉车上的具体位置便基本确定。

当叉车门架处于直立状态时,其各个部件或总成的重量、重心坐标如表所示。

1.当叉车处于空载静止时,由力矩平衡可得下列公式:∑M x =g1 x1+g2 x2+⋯+g n x n=Gx0∑M y =g1 y1+g2 y2+⋯+g n y n=Gy0∑M z =g1 z1+g2 z2+⋯+g n z n=Gz0式中:g1,g2。

g n——叉车各部件重量(kg);x1,x2。

x n——各部件重心在叉车纵轴(x轴)方向至前桥中心的水平距离(mm)(在前桥中心以后为正,反之为负);y1,y2。

y n——各部件中心至地面的高度(mm);z1,z2。

z n——各部件中心至叉车纵向中心平面的水平距离,一边为正,另一边为负(mm);x0,y0,z0——叉车重心坐标(mm)。

由以上公式可得空载时的重心坐标:x0=∑M xG ,y0=∑M yG,z0=∑M zG由于各个部件对叉车纵向中心平面对称布置,致使∑M z 等于零。

将表格中的数据代入上述重心公式,可得:x0=∑M xG=42196704200mm=1010.4mmy0=∑M yG=26638524200mm=637.8mm2.码垛时的纵向稳定性(纵向静稳定性)叉车满载码垛,门架直立,货物起升到最大高度,如图所示。

其合成重心位置:a=GL0−Q(c+b)G+Qh g=Qh1+Gh2 G+Q式中:a——叉车合成重心至前桥中心线的水平距离;b——叉车合成中心至地面的垂直高度(b=1.4r前=1.4×355=497mm);c——载荷中心距(500mm);G——叉车自重(4200kg);Q——额定起重量(3000kg);L0——叉车自身重心至前桥中心线的水平距离(L0=x0=1010.4mm);h1——货物重心至地面的垂直高度(h1=H+c=3000+500=3500mm);h2——叉车自身重心至地面的垂直高度(h2=y0=637.8mm)。

A 系列电动叉车 1000-3500kg Hangcha 的特色说明书

A 系列电动叉车 1000-3500kg Hangcha 的特色说明书

A Series Electric Forklift Truckwith capacities of 1,000 to 3,500kgThe World of HangchaStandard Features/ High e ciency AC driving motor / Special for truk's lifting motor / Multi-functions dashboard/ Full electronic controlled travelling, lifting and steering/ Front lighting system, turning indicator, LED combined three colors's rear lights / Big dimension rubber pad/ Sheet meatl stamping made front and rear bottom plate / Sheet metal stamping made left and right cover and battery cover / Reversing beeper / Full hydraulic steering / Storage box / Soft landing system / Standard forks in red / 3m duplex wide view mast / Tow coupling/ Center located rear view mirror / Suspension seat with higher OHG/ Turning speed is automatically reduced when steering for Model 2.0~3.5t / The cover below control panel are fully closed/ Dashboard is relocated to overhead, no restriction of the operator's visibility / EPB: Electronic Parking BrakeOptions/ Side way battery change / Big capacity Chinese made battery / Cold store application/ High performance import battery / Battery charger / Rear lighting system / Front dual tyre / SE tyre/ Non-marking tyre/ Left and right rear view mirror / Reversing hand grip with horn button / Wide fork carriage/ Wide or higher load backrest / Other dimension forks / Duplex mast with full free lift / Triplex mast / Integrated side shift/ Other attachments / OPS/ Blue spot light/ Other specification on demandFactory site: 666 Xiangfu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (311305)ZHEJIANG HANGCHA IMP. & EXP. CO., LTD.********************Tel: +86-571-88926735 88926755Fax: +86-571-88926789 88132890 HANGCHA GROUP CO., LTD. reserves the right to make any changes without notice concerning colors, equipment, or specifications detailed in this brochure, or to discontinue individualmodels. The colors of trucks, delivered may di er slightly from those in brochures.HANGCHA trucks conform to the European Safety Requirements.ISO9001:2015ISO14001:20152020 V E R S I O N 4/C O P Y R I G H T 2020/12Follow us on FacebookFollow us on YouTubeFollow us on WeChatDownload “HangchaForklift” AppLi-Ion Battery Pack specificationNEW POWER NOWINNOVATIVE SOLUTIONSInnovative, reliable lithium-ion technology (Lithium Iron-Phosphate), which are developed jointly by HANGCHA and CATL. Battery cells and modules are from CATL, with reliable quality, exclusively for HANGCHA.TITANS CHARGERWe use square lithium iron phosphate batteries and modulesused in large quantities by commercial vehicles in mature economies.The module uses an aluminum alloy frame which is sturdy, lightweight and with excellent heat dissipation.Safe and e ective: Charging e ciency as high as 98%, thermal runaway temperature 600 ℃or above.Adapted to low temperatures: Comes standard with an electrical heating feature , ensuring normal operation in low temperatures.Quick charging: Can charge and operate at the same time, fully charged in 2hours.Long-working: 4000 charging cycles, capacity retention greater than 80%.Maintenance-free: Battery does not require manual maintenance.Green and clean: Pollution-free, zero emissions.////////BatteryModuleHeatManagementBMSElectric System Case StructureLead-acid batteries8-10 hours 100%Li-Ion2 hours 100%Rapid charging and opportunity charging ensure continuous availability of vehiclesLi-Ion powered forklifts are always available. They allow for fast full charging or boost charging (100 % charge in 2 hours).They are maintenance free and do not require a battery change when used for multi-shift operations.TypeV/AhCPD10-AC4-EI CPD10-AD2-EI80/202SLC-80100CPD15-AC4-EI CPD15-AD2-EI80/202SLC-80100CPD18-AC4-EI CPD18-AD2-EI80/202SLC-80100CPD20-AC4-EI CPD20-AD2-EI80/271SLC-80100CPD25-AC4-EI CPD25-AD2-EI80/271SLC-80100CPD25-ALC4-EI CPD25-ALD2-EI80/404SLC-80200CPD30-AC4-EI CPD30-AD2-EI80/404SLC-80200CPD35-AC4-EI CPD35-AD2-EI80/404SLC-80200Battery voltage, capacityTitans chargerAppearance Power TrainIntelligent/ First-class R&D and testing facility./ First-class production quality management system./ First-class manufacturing facility./ First-class environment and control.Advanced parallel layout of drivemotor and lower located batteryup to chassis bottom provide goodstability to the truck.StabilityLow center of gravity provides good turning stability,and better operator's driving comfort. 150mmadjustable distance of seat provides better opera-tor's comfort of di erent operators.Soft landing system is applied for A series. When theforks lower to 60-100mm to ground, the soft landing system is auto operated, and to avoid the forks dashing against the ground. New designed broad view mast provides better forward visibility.Easy to see LED dashboard provides friendlyinteraction.Low noise, no exhaust emission, and low energyconsumption, all meet environment friendly requirement.High frequency MOSFET controller provides accurate control of travelling, lifting, and better adjustable performance, and bettermatches the motor. Regenerative braking, reverse current braking and anti-slide on slop function guarantee the operation safety.Multi functions big LED dashboard provides running hours, battery power, and self diagnosis functions, and with high accuracy even in bad environment.Regenerative braking is more energy savingand e ciency during truck's deceleration, direction changing, and driving on down-wards slope.Comfortable OperationSoftlyErgonomicEasy to see dashboard is relocated to overhead, no restriction of the operator's visibility. The operator can monitor the truck operation at a glance.SeatThe extra foot space is provided to reduce operator fatigue significantly. The new wide-open, non-slip stepmakes getting in and out easy and safe.EPBElectronic Parking Brake, itprovides the safe and rapid brake performance. More particularly, turn on the function automatical-ly under di erent working situation.Advanced1.2.3.4.Service AbilityFull open battery cover, easy for battery service easy opened counter weight cover, to protect internal controller to avoid water and dust World famous brand electronics are applied in motor controller, contactor, power plug, emergency switch, dashboard, and accelerators.Overloaded protection system is applied for electronics and hydraulics.CE certificate is available.Battery cover with auto lock spring for easy battery service and replacing, and clean the oil tankSide battery changing solution is applied for heavy and long time applicationThe cover below control panel are fully closedFull opened engine hoodProtective roofEasy openedcounterweight cover is to protect the internal controllers to avoid water and dustHANGCHA dashboard。

有关叉车说明书的内容

有关叉车说明书的内容

有关叉车说明书的内容有关叉车说明书的内容篇一:12t叉车说明书前言本说明书主要介绍重装系列12-13.5t叉车的有关性能、结构、操作和维修保养等方面内容,以便操作人员了解叉车,正确地使用和维修。

叉车在使用过程中,用户的有关操作人员和设备管理人员应认真执行本说明书上对叉车的要求和规定,使叉车经常保持良好的技术状况。

由于叉车产品不断地进行改进而作更改,本说明书内容与叉车实物有出入,恕不另行通知,敬请用户谅解。

例:–发动机及变型代号(见铭牌或合格证上出厂编号数字后代码)型号注:本说明书中的车型代号与产品铭牌和合格证上的型号不同,本车型代号包括了发动机及变型代号。

目录一、叉车驾驶、操作安全规程????2二、主要技术参数???5三、叉车的主要部件介绍6四、叉车的结构、原理、调整及维护?71. 动力系统 72. 传动装置103. 驱动桥194. 电气系统205. 制动系统296. 转向系统327. 液压系统378. 起升缸和倾斜缸??479. 起重系统51一、叉车驾驶、操作安全规程叉车驾驶人员和管理人员必须牢记―安全第一‖,按照叉车《使用维护说明书》和《司机手册》进行安全操作,规范操作。

1. 叉车的运输用汽车装运叉车时须注意如下事项:(1)刹住停车制动;(2)门架与配重前后都应用钢丝固定好;前后轮胎相应位置用楔块垫好楔牢;(3)起吊时按照叉车的―起吊标牌‖所注位置进行起吊。

2. 叉车的存放(1)放净燃油;( 冷却液是防锈防冻液,则不要放)(2)未漆件表面涂以防锈油,起升链条涂润滑油;(3)门架降到最低位置;(4)刹住停车制动;(5)前后轮胎用楔块垫好。

3. 使用前准备(1)不要在有明火的地方检查燃油、漏油、油位以及检查电气仪表,不要在运转时加燃油;(2)检查轮胎气压;(3)前进、倒退档手柄应在中间位置(零档位置);(4)在燃油系统工作及检查电瓶时不要吸烟;(5)检查各手柄及踏板情况;(6)作好起动前准备工作;(7)松开停车制动;(8)进行门架升降、前后倾、转向、制动的试动作。

诺基亚(Nokia)J1.5-3.5UT系列电动叉车技术指南说明书

诺基亚(Nokia)J1.5-3.5UT系列电动叉车技术指南说明书

TECHNICAL GUIDE J1.5-3.5UT SERIES2TRUCK DIMENSIONScQ1h 1h 4h 3sßαm 1yx l 5m 2h 10h 6h 7b a/2Wab b eb b a/2J3.0UT RATED CAPACITY KG@ 500 MM LOAD CENTREJ3.5UT RATED CAPACITY KG@ 500 MM LOAD CENTREMaximum fork height h 3 + s (mm)Mast tilt Lowered heighth 1 (mm)Extended height h 4 (mm) (1)Extended height h 4 (mm) (2)Free lift height h 2 + s (m) (1)Load center 500mmFWD tilt (°)Back tilt (°)J3.0UTJ3.0UTJ3.0UTJ3.0UT2-S T A G E L I M I T E D F R E E L I F T3300510219539404440165300035005102295414046401653000400051025954640514016528503-S T A G E F U L L F R E E L I F T45005620955165564015102500480056219554655940161022505500362460616566401865160060003626456665714020601200Maximum fork height h 3 + s (mm)Mast tilt Lowered heighth 1 (mm)Extended height h 4 (mm) (1)Extended height h 4 (mm) (2)Free lift height h 2 + s (m) (1)Load center 500mmFWD tilt (°)Back tilt (°)J3.5UTJ3.5UTJ3.5UTJ3.5UT2-S T A G E L I M I T E D F R E E L I F T3300510227040104440170350035005102370421046401703500400051026704710514017033003-S T A G EF U L L F R E E L I F T45005621705250565015102800480056227055505950161025005500362535625066501865170060003627206750715020601300Maximum fork height h 3 + s (mm)Mast tilt Lowered heighth 1 (mm)Extended height h 4 (mm) (1)Extended height h 4 (mm) (2)Free lift height h 2 + s (m) (1)Load center 500mm FWD tilt (°)Back tilt (°)J1.5UTJ1.8UTJ1.5UTJ1.8UTJ1.5UTJ1.8UTJ1.5UTJ1.8UT2-S T A G E L I M I T E D F R E E L I F T3300510214021404284428438133813135150018003500510224022404484448440134013135150018004000510254025404984498445134513135140017003-S T A G E F U L L F R E E L I F T45005620402040548454845013501314701200140048005621402140578457845313531315701100120055003624052405648464846013601318357508506000362590259069846984651365132040450550J1.5-1.8UT RATED CAPACITY KG@ 500 MM LOAD CENTREMaximum fork height h 3 + s (mm)Mast tilt Lowered heighth 1 (mm)Extended height h 4 (mm) (1)Extended height h 4 (mm) (2)Free lift height h 2 + s (m) (1)Load center 500mm FWD tilt (°)Back tilt (°)J2.0UTJ2.5UTJ2.0UTJ2.5UTJ2.0UTJ2.5UTJ2.0UTJ2.5UT2-S T A G E L I M I T E D F R E E L I F T3300510216521653915391543174317140200025003500510226522654115411545174517140200025004000510256525654615461550175017140200025003-S T A G E F U L L F R E E L I F T450056207520755171517155165516144016002000480056217521755471547158165816154012501700550036244024406171617165166516180090012006000362625262566716671701670161990700800J2.0-2.5UT RATED CAPACITY KG@ 500 MM LOAD CENTREMAST AND CAPACITY INFORMATIONJ1.5UT / J1.8UT / J2.0UTG E N E R A L1-1Manufacturer HYSTER HYSTER HYSTER 1-2Model designation J1.5UTJ1.8UTJ2.0UT1-3Drive Electric (battery)Electric (battery)Electric (battery)1-4Operator typeSeatedSeatedSeated1-5Rated capacity/rated load Q 1t 1500180020001-6Load centre distancec mm 5005005001-8Load distance, centre of drive axle to fork x mm 4104104541-9Wheelbase ymm 138013801485W E I G H T2-1Service weightkg 3030331040402-2Axle loading with load, front / rear kg 3940590459462551109302-3Axle loading without load, front / rear kg149015901431187817702270W H E E L S3-1Tyre type SuperelasticSuperelasticSuperelastic3-2Tyre size, front 6.00-921x8-923x9-103-3Tyre size, front5.00-8 5.00-818x7-83-5Wheels, number front / rear (x = driven wheels)2x/22x/22x/23-6Tread, front b 10mm 95595510583-7Tread, rearb 11mm 920920960D I M E N S I O N S 4-1Tilt of mast / fork carriage forward / backward (°) 5 / 10 5 / 10 5 / 104-2Height, mast lowered h 1mm 2000200020154-3Free lift (1)h 2mm 1351351404-4Lifth 3mm 3000300030004-5Height, mast extended (3)h 4mm 3980398039804-7Height of overhead guard (cabin) (4)h 6mm 2155215521524-8Seat height relating to SIP (2)h 7mm 1080108010804-12Coupling height h 10mm 2902902504-19Overall length l 1mm 3026302633724-20Length to face of forks l 2mm 2106210623024-21Overall widthb 1/b 2mm 1120112012854-22Fork dimensions DIN ISO 2331s/e/l mm 35 / 100 / 92035 / 100 / 92040 / 122 / 10704-23Fork carriage ISO 2328, class/type A, B mm 2A 2A 2A 4-24Fork carriage width (3)b 3mm 1040104010404-25Distance between fork-arms b 5mm 200/890200/890250 / 10004-31Ground clearance, laden, below mast m 1mm 9595654-32Ground clearance, centre of wheelbasem 2mm 105105954-34-1Aisle width for pallets 1000 × 1200 crossways Ast mm 3580358038794-34-4Aisle width for pallets 800 × 1200 lengthways Ast mm 3780378040094-35Turning radius W a mm 1970197021554-36Internal turning radiusb 13mm 703703599P E R F O R M A N C E5-1Travel speed with / without load km h 15.015.714.815.715.715.75-2Lifting speed with / without load mm s 3705123155123335005-3Lowering speed with / without loadmm s 4005023905024344155-6Max. drawbar pull with / without load, 3 minute rating N 10800870010800870014400105005-7Max. gradeability with / without load, 3 minute rating %1623152220235-9Acceleration time, with / without load s 5.124.755.254.755.204.785-10Service brakeHydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic M O T O R6-1Drive motor rating S2 60 min kW 6.5 6.58.56-2Lift motor rating at S3 15% ratingkW 8.68.611.06-3Battery according to DIN 43531/35/36 A, B, C, no m s nono no6-4Battery voltage/nominal capacity K5V Ah 4842048420486006-5Battery weightkg 7207209706-6Power consumption in accordance with VDI cycle kWh h 4.15 4.35 4.95O T H E R8-1Type of drive unitAC / Curtis AC / Curtis AC / Curtis 10-1Operating pressure for attachments (5)bar 138********-3Oil volume for attachmentsl min 38383810-4Sound pressure level at the driver’s seat L PAZ (6)dBA 70.470.467.910-5Towing coupling, type DINYes / PinYes / PinYes / PinMODEL TABLE NOTES:Specifications are affected by the condition of the vehicle and how it is equipped, as well as the nature and condition of the operating area. Inform your dealer of the nature and condition of the intended operating area when purchasing your Hyster ® truck.(1) Bottom of forks(2) Full suspension seat in depressed position.(3) Without load backrest(4)h6 subject to +/- 5 mm tolerance.(5) Variable(6) LPAZ, measured according to the test cycles and based on the weighting valuescontained in EN12053All values are nominal values and they are subject to tolerances. For further information, please contact the manufacturer.Specification data is based on VDI 2198.J2.5UT / J3.0UT / J3.5UTG E N E R A L1-1Manufacturer HYSTER HYSTER HYSTER 1-2Model designation J2.5UTJ3.0UTJ3.5UT1-3Drive Electric (battery)Electric (battery)Electric (battery)1-4Operator typeSeatedSeatedSeated1-5Rated capacity/rated load Q 1t 2500300035001-6Load centre distancec mm 5005005001-8Load distance, centre of drive axle to fork x mm 454475495.51-9Wheelbase ymm 148516701690W E I G H T2-1Service weightkg 4226491053102-2Axle loading with load, front / rear kg 57201006683097079568942-3Axle loading without load, front / rear kg174824782220270022943015W H E E L S3-1Tyre type SuperelasticSuperelasticSuperelastic3-2Tyre size, front 23x9-1023x9-1023x10-123-3Tyre size, front18x7-818x7-8200/50-103-5Wheels, number front / rear (x = driven wheels)2x/22x/22x/23-6Tread, front b 10mm 1058106511243-7Tread, rearb 11mm 9609801010D I M E N S I O N S 4-1Tilt of mast / fork carriage forward / backward (°) 5 / 10 5 / 10 5 / 104-2Height, mast lowered h 1mm 2015204521204-3Free lift (1)h 2mm 1401651654-4Lifth 3mm 3000300030004-5Height, mast extended (3)h 4mm 3980398039804-7Height of overhead guard (cabin) (4)h 6mm 2152215221384-8Seat height relating to SIP (2)h 7mm 1080108010804-12Coupling height h 10mm 2502702704-19Overall length l 1mm 3387361437594-20Length to face of forks l 2mm 2317254426894-21Overall widthb 1/b 2mm 1285128513654-22Fork dimensions DIN ISO 2331s/e/l mm 40 / 122 / 107045 / 122 / 107050 / 122 / 10704-23Fork carriage ISO 2328, class/type A, B mm 2A 3A 3A 4-24Fork carriage width (3)b 3mm 1040110011004-25Distance between fork-arms b 5mm 250 / 1000290 / 1060290 / 10604-31Ground clearance, laden, below mast m 1mm 6565804-32Ground clearance, centre of wheelbasem 2mm 95110834-34-1Aisle width for pallets 1000 × 1200 crossways Ast mm 3879402541014-34-4Aisle width for pallets 800 × 1200 lengthways Ast mm 4009422543014-35Turning radius W a mm 2155234924054-36Internal turning radiusb 13mm 599830815P E R F O R M A N C E5-1Travel speed with / without load km h 14.915.715.016.015.016.05-2Lifting speed with / without load mm s 3075003855002825005-3Lowering speed with / without loadmm s 4054154204754003555-6Max. drawbar pull with / without load, 3 minute rating N1440010500210001150021000115005-7Max. gradeability with / without load, 3 minute rating %18.022.020.023.015.022.05-9Acceleration time, with / without load s 5.254.785.054.865.625.325-10Service brakeHydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic M O T O R6-1Drive motor rating S2 60 min kW 8.511.511.56-2Lift motor rating at S3 15% ratingkW 11.015.015.06-3Battery according to DIN 43531/35/36 A, B, C, no m s nonono6-4Battery voltage/nominal capacity K5V Ah 4860080500805006-5Battery weightkg 970142214226-6Power consumption in accordance with VDI cycle kWh h 6.13 6.32 6.90O T H E R8-1Type of drive unitAC / Curtis AC / Curtis AC / Curtis 10-1Operating pressure for attachments (5)bar 180********-3Oil volume for attachmentsl min 38383810-4Sound pressure level at the driver’s seat L PAZ (6)dBA 67.970.070.010-5Towing coupling, type DINYes / PinYes / PinYes / PinNOTICE:Care must be exercised when handling elevated loads. Operators must be trained and must read, understand and follow the instructions contained in the Operating Manual.All values are nominal values and they are subject to tolerances. For further information, please contact the manufacturer.Hyster products are subject to change without notice. Lift trucks illustrated may feature optional equipment. Values may vary with alternative configurations.MAST CAPACITY TABLE NOTES:(1) Without load backrest (2) With load backrestSafety: This truck conforms to the current EU and ANSI requirements.STANDARD AND OPTIONAL EQUIPMENTPERFORMANCE J1.5UT J1.8UT J2.0UT J2.5UT J3.0UT J3.5UT2 stage limited free lift mast STD STD STD STD STD STD3 stage full free lift mast OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Lift height - 3300mm (2140mm lowered height)STD STD----Lift height - 3300mm (2165mm lowered height)--STD STD--Lift height - 3300mm (2195mm lowered height)----STD-Lift height - 3300mm (2270mm lowered height)-----STD Various other lift heights OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Mast tilt - 5° forward / 6° back STD STD STD STD STD STD Mast tilt options, lift height dependant OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT DRIVE J1.5UT J1.8UT J2.0UT J2.5UT J3.0UT J3.5UT Traction speed limiter pre-set to 13km/h (adjustable)OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT 6.00-9 Pneumatic drive tyres OPT-----6.00-9 Super elastic drive tyres STD-----6.00-9 Non-marking superelastic drive tyres OPT-----21x8-9 Pneumatic drive tyres-OPT----21x8-9 Superelastic drive tyres-STD----21x8-9 Non-marking superelastic drive tyres-OPT----23x9-10 Pneumatic drive tyres--OPT OPT OPT-23x9-10 Superelastic drive tyres--STD STD STD-23x9-10 Non-marking superelastic drive tyres--OPT OPT OPT-23x10-12 Superelastic drive tyres-----STD 23x10-12 Non-marking superelastic drive tyres-----OPT 5.00-8 Pneumatic steer tyres OPT OPT----5.00-8 Superelastic steer tyres STD STD----5.00-8 Non-marking superelastic steer tyres OPT OPT----18x7-8 Pneumatic steer tyres--OPT OPT OPT-18x7-8 Superelastic steer tyres--STD STD STD-18x7-8 Non-marking superelastic steer tyres--OPT OPT OPT-200/50-10 Superelastic steer tyres-----STD 200/50-10 Non-marking superelastic steer tyres-----OPT HANDLING J1.5UT J1.8UT J2.0UT J2.5UT J3.0UT J3.5UT Manual lever hydraulic controls STD STD STD STD STD STD2 Function (0 auxiliary) hydraulic valve STD STD STD STD STD STD3 Function (1 auxiliary) hydraulic valve OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT4 Function (2 auxiliary) hydraulic valve OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT3 Function hose group (1 auxiliary)OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT4 Function hose group (2 auxiliary)OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT 970mm Hook type carriage STD STD----1040mm Hook type carriage--STD STD--1100mm Hook type carriage----STD STD 930mm Integral sideshift carriage OPT OPT----1040mm Integral sideshift carriage--OPT OPT--1100mm Integral sideshift carriage----OPT OPT 930mm Load backrest STD STD---940mm Load backrest--STD STD--1080mm Load backrest----STD STD 35 x 100 x 920mm Hook type standard tapered forks STD STD----40 x 122 x 1070mm Hook type standard tapered forks--STD STD--45 x 122 x 1070mm Hook type standard tapered forks----STD-50 x 122 x 1070mm Hook type standard taper forks-----STD Other various fork sizes OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT ERGONOMICS J1.5UT J1.8UT J2.0UT J2.5UT J3.0UT J3.5UT 2155mm Overhead guard STD STD----2152mm Overhead guard--STD STD STD-2138mm Overhead guard-----STD Standard construction STD STD STD STD STD STD Full steel cab OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Full suspension vinyl seat (SC29) *STD STD STD STD STD STD Non-suspension vinyl seat with folding backrest *STD STD STD STD STD STDPlease refer to the Price List for full option configurations.STANDARD AND OPTIONAL EQUIPMENTERGONOMICS (continued)J1.5UTJ1.8UTJ2.0UTJ2.5UTJ3.0UTJ3.5UTStandard seat beltSTD STD STD STD STD STD Seat belt with sequential interlock OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Operator presence system *STD STD STD STD STD STD Front & top cab panels OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Front, top & rear cab panels OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Front glass screen with wiper OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Rear screen with wiper OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Rain cover for overhead guard OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Dual mirrors side viewSTD STD STD STD STD STD Rear drive handle with horn button OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Heater and demisterOPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Directional control lever - mounted on left side of steering column STD STD STD STD STD STD USB portSTD STD STD STD STD STD Auxiliary DC/DC converterOPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT 12V outlet - automotive style socket on dashSTDSTDSTDSTDSTDSTDVISIBILITYJ1.5UTJ1.8UTJ2.0UTJ2.5UTJ3.0UTJ3.5UTTwo front LED work lights with stop, tail, indicator, and reverse lights STD STD STD STD STD STD Two front / one rear LED work light package with brake / tail / back-up lights with turn signalsOPTOPTOPTOPTOPTOPTOPERATIONJ1.5UTJ1.8UTJ2.0UTJ2.5UTJ3.0UTJ3.5UTAmber strobe light - ignition and switch activated STD STD STD STD STD STD Audible reverse alarmSTD STD STD STD STD STD Pedestrian awareness light (P .A.L.)OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Parking alarm *STD STD STD STD STD STD Key switch startSTDSTDSTDSTDSTDSTDBATERIESJ1.5UTJ1.8UTJ2.0UTJ2.5UTJ3.0UTJ3.5UT48 Volt STD STD STD STD --80 Volt----STD STD Lead acid battery power truck configured to operate on lead acid battery power STD STD STD STD STD STD Battery compartment - 985mm STD STD ----Battery compartment - 1028mm --STD STD STD STD Vertical battery extractionSTDSTDSTDSTDSTDSTDAPPEARANCEJ1.5UTJ1.8UTJ2.0UTJ2.5UTJ3.0UTJ3.5UTHyster yellow paint base truck STD STD STD STD STD STD Special paint base truckOPTOPTOPTOPTOPTOPTSUPPLEMENTALJ1.5UTJ1.8UTJ2.0UTJ2.5UTJ3.0UTJ3.5UTLiterature pack *OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT CE certificationOPT OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT 12 months / 2,000 hours manufacturer's warranty (parts & labour)STDSTDSTDSTDSTDSTDwww.hyster.eu*********************/HysterEurope@HysterEurope/HysterEuropeSTRONG PARTNERS. TOUGH TRUCKS.TMFOR DEMANDING OPERATIONS, EVERYWHERE.Hyster ® supplies a complete range of warehouse equipment, IC and electric counterbalanced trucks, container handlers and reach stackers. Hyster ® is committed to being much more than a lift truck supplier.Our aim is to offer a complete partnership capable ofresponding to the full spectrum of material handling issues: whether you need professional consultancy on your fleet management, fully qualified service support, or reliable parts supply, you can depend on Hyster ®.Our network of highly trained dealers provides expert, responsive local support. They can offer cost-effective finance packages and introduce effectively managedmaintenance programmes to ensure that you get the best possible value. Our business is dealing with your material handling needs so you can focus on the success of your business today and in the future.HYSTER-YALE UK LIMITED trading as Hyster Europe. Registered Address: Centennial House, Building 4.5, Frimley Business Park, Frimley, Surrey GU16 7SG, United Kingdom.Registered in England and Wales. Company Registration Number: 02636775. ©2020 HYSTER-YALE UK LIMITED, all rights reserved. HYSTER,and STRONG PARTNERS. TOUGH TRUCKS. are trademarks of HYSTER-YALE Group, Inc.Hyster products are subject to change without notice. Forklift trucks illustrated may feature optional equipment.Printed in EU. Part number: 3997096 Rev. 00-05/20HYSTER EUROPECentennial House, Frimley Business Park, Frimley, Surrey, GU16 7SG, England.Tel: +44 (0) 1276 538500。

电动叉车方案设计说明书

电动叉车方案设计说明书

目录第1章叉车基本参数表 (3)第2章驱动电机 (3)第3章驱动轮 (4)第4章支撑轮 (5)第5章减速机构 (5)5.1 传动装置的总传动比的计算和各级传动比分配 (5)5.2 计算传动装置的运动和动力参数 (5)5.3 齿轮设计 (6)5.3.1 高速级圆柱斜齿轮Z1、Z2设计 (6)5.3.2 低速级圆柱斜齿轮Z3、Z4设计 (10)第6章液压动力单元 (13)第7章液压缸 (14)第8章蓄电池 (16)第9章回转支承 (16)第10章整体结构布局 (17)附件:零件清单 (18)第1章 叉车基本参数表该叉车基本规格与主要参数如下表:表1-1 整车参数和设计目标整车长 整车宽 整车高 货叉长度 货叉宽度 自重1/l mm 1/b m m /h mm 2/l mm 2/b mm 1/m kg1280 740 2200 800 850 500平地最大车速 爬坡最大速度 最大爬坡度 满载起升速度 最大起升高度11/()v m s -⋅ 12/()v m s -⋅ /α︒ 13/()v m s -⋅ /H m1.2 0.8 12 0.12 1.8滚动阻力系数 主减速比 传动系统效率 起升系统效率 载荷滚动半径f z 1η 2η 1/R mm0.02 17.72 0.9 0.85 250第2章 驱动电机叉车正常行驶时的阻力主要是车轮与地面的滚动阻力,满载时最大车速行驶所需功率为12111()m m gfv P η+=,得10.26P kW = (g 为重力加速度,29.8/g m s =)叉车爬坡过程受力分析图如图2-1所示。

图2-1 叉车爬坡过程受力分析图按最大爬坡度数进行爬坡功率的计算,叉车满载、最大爬坡度时所需功率为:12221()sin m m gv P αη+=⋅得到2 1.14P kW =。

因此选定驱动电机的额定功率为 1.2e P kW =根据额定功率1.2kw ,电机电压24V ,选择得到电机型号130ZYT185,电机基本参数如下表2-1.表2-1 电动机基本参数第3章 驱动轮根据驱动功率计算,选择的130ZYT185驱动电机的额定功率为 1.2e P kW =,电机电压24V ,额定转速为1500r/min 。

电动叉车设计

电动叉车设计

摘要随着现代社会文明的发展,叉车的使用越来越普遍,它已从过去的港口码头进入了整个社会。

本文主要介绍叉车整车的结构、组成和性能分析,并对叉车工作装置进行设计研究,以额定负载为二吨小轴距弹性轮胎系列叉车的研制过程为基本参数,对叉车门架系统及各部件的构造和规格要求分析,使货物提升高度达到三米并使驾驶员的视野宽阔,做到人性化、安全化和美化外观的目的。

最后介绍了并进行设计技术的具体实施过程,分析总结了设计实验的应用效果。

从而达到设计方案与实际相结合的目的。

关键词叉车;工作装置;门架系统;额定负载abstractWith the development of modern civilization, the use of forklift trucks and more common, it's port from the past into the whole community. This paper describes forklift vehicle structure, composition and performance analysis, and design research forklift attachment to the rated load for two tons of small wheelbase flexible development process of the tire forklift series as the basic parameters of the system and the forklift mast parts of the structure and specifications, the goods and to enhance the height of the driver's field of vision of three meters wide, so humane, secure and beautify the appearance of the purpose. Finally, the design and implementation of specific technology, analyzes and summarizes the effect of the application of design experiments. So as to achieve the combination of design and practical purpose.Keywords forklift; working device; door frame system; rated load目录摘要 (I)abstract (II)目录 (III)前言 (1)1 绪论 (2)1.1 课题的背景 (2)1.2 叉车技术的发展回顾及现状 (2)1.2.1 我国叉车现状及形式分析 (3)1.2.2 国外叉车技术的发展情况 (4)1.3 未来叉车的发展趋势 (5)1.3.1 技术方面 (5)1.3.2 需求方面 (7)1.4 本课题的设计目的与主要研究内容 (8)1.4.1 课题设计目的 (8)1.4.2 课题研究内容 (8)2 总体设计方案 (10)2.1 方案比较和设计选型 (10)2.2 设计思路 (10)2.3 本次毕业设计的设计方案 (10)2.4 设计进程安排 (11)2.4.1 调研阶段 (11)2.4.2 各个模块的研究分析阶段 (11)2.4.3 设计阶段 (11)2.4.4 总结阶段 (12)2.5 总体结构设计 (12)2.5.1 机械结构 (12)2.5.2 传动方面 (13)2.5.3 动力方面 (14)2.5.4 电路和控制元件 (14)3 参数及校核计算 (15)3.1 叉车最大起升高度、起重量的确定 (15)3.1.1 纵向堆垛稳定性 (15)3.1.2 横向堆垛稳定性 (16)3.2 各结构的校核设计计算 (20)3.2.1车架体的受力校核计算 (21)4.1 电动机功率大小的选定 (25)4.1.1 选择直流电动机的原因 (25)4.1.2 电机功率的选用 (25)4.1.3 蓄电池的有关说明 (27)4.2 传动链的选用 (28)4.2.1 链条介绍及型号的选择 (28)4.2.2 链条的受力验证 (29)5 叉车总体布置 (31)5.1 总体设计的概述 (31)5.2 重心与整机性能的关系 (31)5.3 总体设计中涉及的整机特性 (35)结论 (42)致谢 (43)参考文献 (44)附录 (45)前言叉车是指对成件托盘货物进行装卸、堆垛和短距离运输、重物搬运作业的各种轮式搬运车辆,在汽车生产、零部件搬运、邮政、铁路等系统邮件、行李搬运,医药、烟草等系统药品、货物搬运,大型展览会筹备组委会资料搬运、仓储物流系统小型设备、货物搬运等方面起着至关重要的作用,是人们生活、工作必不可少的工具之一。

杭叉A系列电动叉车操作手册说明书

杭叉A系列电动叉车操作手册说明书

HANGCHA provides Li-Ion battery (LiFePO4) with 10 years or 20000 hours warranty.AppearanceIt follows the entire profile of appearance of A series, with clear lines on side of the truck, and smooth transition to counter weight. These lines are shaped as an integral whole, with powerful visual tension./High PerformanceElectromagnetic brake is used as service brake, instead of traditional hand brake, which realizes intelligent parking brake, with lower labor intensity of the operator, and higher safety.Soft landing system lowers descending speed automatically when fork reaches the height range of 3.9-2.4” from the ground, so as to reduce vibration of the entire truck, and provide e ective protection for goods.Full AC configuration includes AC traction motor + AC pump motor; With higher performance of entire truck, and longer battery life.E cient driving control system of high-frequency MOSFET integratedcontroller guarantees smooth and accurate control on driving and lifting, superior speed regulation performance, with regenerative braking, reverse braking,anti-slipping on slope and other functions, resulting in more e cient, safer, and more comfortable operations.The application of load sensing hydraulic power steering technology realizes reliable, sensitive, and easy steering; distribution of optimized oil in steering oil circuit and working oil circuit increases e ciency of hydraulic system.LED lights for entire truck reduce energy consumption.//////MaintenanceFully-openable cover enables easy maintenance of battery.Easy-to-open airtight cover plate realizes easier debugging and maintenance of electric control system, and avoids the system from invasion of rain and dust.The brushless, maintenance-free AC drive motor reduces operation cost significantly.The option of side roll out battery is very convenient for fast, e cient, and safe replacement of battery, and is suitable for continuous work conditions.////StabilityThe internationally advanced parallelarrangement is adopted for traction motor, and the battery is sunken to chassis,resulting in lower gravity center and better stability of entire truck.Flexible steering system, with smaller turning radius, allows stable turnaround within confined passageway.//ComfortThe adjustable, small-diameter steering wheel with tilt designed based onergonomics o ers good hand feeling, and the seat can also be adjusted forward and backward, which can provide best driving position for the operator.Head-up display are applied to increase visibility, operability of meters, thus with higher driving safety.Silent running of entire truck, with extremely small vibration, o ers more comfortable acoustical environment for the operator.Integrated control valve makes levers be placed at the most comfortable position for hands, resulting in lower labor intensity of the operator.////Reliability & SafetyMajor electrical components such as motor controller, contactor, power plug, and emergency power o switch are all of foreign famous brands.Major load bearing parts such as carriage, drive axle, steering axle, and mast are all designed with high strength to satisfy high-strength work conditions.As a standard configuration, the emergency power o switch complies with European safety standards.Dual overload protection systems ofelectronic and hydraulic modes are adopted.////8000lbs A Series Mast SpecificationA Series Four Wheel Electric Pneumatic Tire Forklift TruckAC4: meansCURTIS AC traveling system with AC Pump system, full-AC systemD i s t i n g u i s h i n g m a r kW e i g h tT y r e s , c h a s s i sD i m e n s i o n sP e r f o r m a n c e D a t aA d d i t i o n d a t aE l e c t r i c -e n g i n eHANGCHA GROUP CO.,LTD.Manufacturer (abbreviation)HCFA ModelManufacturers type designationDrive: electric (battery or mains), diesel, petrol, fuel gas Operator type: sit-down Load capacity/rated load Load centre distanceLoad distance, centre of drive axle to fork Wheelbase Service WeightAxle loading, laden front/rear Axle loading, unladen front/rearTyres: solid rubber, superelastic, pneumatic, polyurethane Tyre size, front Tyre size, rearWheels, number front rear (x = driven wheels)Tread, front Tread, rearTilt of mast/fork carriage forward/backward Height, mast lowered Free lift LiftHeight, mast extended Height of overhead guard STD.Seat height/stand height Coupling height Overall length Length to face of forks Overall width Fork dimensionsFork carriage DIN 15 173 --- ISO 2328, class/type A,B Fork-carriage width Distance between fork-arms Ground clearance, laden, below mast Ground clearance, centre of wheelbase Aisle width for pallets 39.4 x 47.2 crossways Aisle width for pallets 31.5 x 47.2 crossways Turning radius Internal turning radius Travel speed, laden/unladen Lift speed, laden/unladen Lowering speed, laden/unladen Drawbar pull, laden/unladen Max. Drawbar pull, laden/unladen Gradeability, laden/unladen Max. gradeability, laden/unladenAcceleration time, laden/unladen (0-10m)Service brake Parking brakeDrive motor rating S2 60 min Lift motor rating at S3 15%Battery acc. to DIN 43 531/35/36 A,B,C, no Battery voltage, nominal capacity K5Battery weight Battery dimensionsEnergy consumption acc. to VDI cycle Min. battery weight Max. battery weight Type of drive control ManufacturerOperating pressure for attachments Oil volume for attachmentsSound level at the driver´s ear according to EN / DIN 12 053Towing coupling, type DINHydraulic Tank - capacity (drain & refill)1.11.21.31.41.51.61.81.92.12.22.33.13.23.33.53.63.74.14.24.34.44.54.74.84.124.194.204.214.224.234.244.254.314.324.334.344.354.365.15.25.35.55.65.75.85.95.105.116.16.26.36.46.56.66.76.86.98.18.28.38.48.59.1Q (lbs)c (in)x (in)y (in)lbs lbs lbsb 10 (in)b 11 (in)Grad h 1 (in)h 2 (in)h 3 (in)h 4 (in)h 6 (in)h 7 (in)h 10 (in)l 1 (in)l 2 (in)b 1 (in)s/e/l (in)b 3 (in)b 5 (in)m 1 (in)m 2 (in)Ast (in)Ast (in)Wa (in)b 13 (in)mph fpm fpm lbf lbf %%s kW kW V/Ah lbs l/b/h(in)kWh/h lbs lbs bar l/min dB (A)liter FB40CPD40-AC4electric sit-down 80002421.677.51477121010/25797253/7518pneumatic 250 - 1523x10 - 122x/245.246.26/11865.9118.1164.190.948.813.7157.3115.256.61.9/4.8/42.1ISO2328 3A49.212.2/49.24.35.9172.8180.7103.931.88.6/8.653.1/84.684.6/94.93687 /3822539514.5/15.516/285.2/5.4Hydraulic electric 16.6 AC 25.4 AC DIN 43536A 80/700410740.5×33.7×30.912.539684299MOSFET/AC CURTIS 1856575Φ24 Pin 10.1FB45CPD45-AC4electric sit-down 90002421.677.51532222597/26457341/7981pneumatic 250 - 1523x10 - 122x/245.246.26/11865.9118.1164.190.948.813.7157.3115.256.61.9/5.9/42.1ISO2328 3A49.212.2/49.24.35.9172.8180.7103.931.88.3/8.651.1/82.686.5/94.43507/3642584514/1515/275.3/5.5Hydraulic electric 16.6 AC 25.4 AC DIN 43536A 80/700410740.5×33.7×30.91339684299MOSFET/AC CURTIS 1856575Φ24 Pin 10.1FB50CPD50-AC4electric sit-down 100002421.877.51591724206/27337352/8565pneumatic 28x12.5- 1523x10 - 122x/245.246.26/11865.9118.1164.190.948.813.7158.9116.857.82.1/5.9/42.1ISO2328 3A49.212.2/49.24.35.9174.2182105.331.88/8.349.2/78.786.5/94.43417/3507607013/1414/255.4/5.6Hydraulic electric 16.6 AC 25.4 AC DIN 43536A 80/700410740.5×33.7×30.913.539684299MOSFET/AC CURTIS 1856576Φ24 Pin 10.1LOAD CHART51.243.335.427.619.7(”)10000900080007000600050004000(lbs) 10000lbs9000lbs8000lbsa=7.9” safety clearanceAST=a+Wa+X+BOptions///////////////////Solid pneumatic tire Non-marking tyre3rd or 4th hydraulic function 98.4-196.8” duplex mast 157.5-236.2” triplex mast Rear working LED light Rear handle with horn Integrated side shift Other attachments Other dimension forksSpecial carriage and backrest Battery side extractionMinilever control on the adjustable armrest Suspension seat FreezerFull closed cabin Blue spot light Strobe lightLeft and right mirror/////////////Standard Specification////////High e ciency AC driving motor Multi-functions instrument Rubber floor mat PC PlatfondEmergency disconnect switch Pneumatic tyreElectronic parking brake Battery slung removing 2-way-valveLED combination headlight LED rear combination lightPanoramic rearview mirror (in the middle position of the overhead guard)118” duplex mastAdjustable steering columnFull electronic controlled traveling, lifting and steering Horn and reversing buzzer CAN-BUS systemLow noise gear pump (Brand: Shimadzu, Made in Japan)Full hydraulic power steering Soft landing systemOPS systemISO9001:2015ISO14001:2015HANGCHA GROUP CO., LTD. reserves the right to make any changes without notice concerning colors, equipment, or specifications detailed in this brochure, or to discontinue individual models. The colors of trucks, delivered may di er slightly from those in brochures.2020 V E R S I O N 1/C O P Y R I G H T 2020/04Follow us onFacebookFollow us on YouTubeFollow us on WeChatCompany address:10405-A Granite Street Charlotte,NC 28273HC FORKLIFT AMERICA CORPORATION**********************Toll Free :888-652-8395Phone :980-888-8335 Fax :980-888-8336A M E R I C A。

叉车传动设计说明书

叉车传动设计说明书

2.2.2 牵引计算 (1)发动机功率
word 文档 可自由复制编辑
Pej =β DvmaxVmax(G+Q)/(3600η )+Pf
(2-3)
=1.1×0.08×20×(50000+75000)/(3600×0.85)+Pf =71.9+Pf 式中: 为限速影响系数,取为 1.1; Dvmax 为高档动力因素,取为 0.08; Vmax 为最大车速,取为 20Km/h; G+Q 为叉车自重与起重量之和,单位为 N; η 为传动效率,取为 0.85; Pf 为附件功率。 取附加功率为 10%,考虑到其他因素的影响,再增大 20%, 发动机的额定功率 Pemax=1.2×(Pej+Pf) = 1.2×(71.9+1.1) =94.9Kw 选发动机为朝柴 CY6102BG, 功率为 81Kw, 转速为 2500r/min, 最低油耗为 480g/Kw· h。 (2)传动系统总速比确定: 取最大转矩约等于额定转矩:Memax≈Mn=9550Ne/ne =9550×81×2500 =309.4N·m 式中:Ne 为额定功率,单位为 Kw; ne 为额定转速,单位为 r/min。 取车轮半径为 0.4m,选轮胎为 8.25-15-14(教材表 3—6) ,则 最大传动比 i 总 max =i 变低 i 主 i 轮=(G+Q) ( max+f)r/(Memaxη ) (2-6) (2-5) (2-4)
1.1 产品设计的目的与步骤
一个性能完善的产品,必须做到价格低廉、外形美观、性能好。耐用可靠以及在使用 中生产率与经济性较高。一个产品从研制到投产,通过要经历调查研究、总体与部件方案 设计、技术设计、调试与试验改进这样一些阶段。 一个新产品的研制成功,是在经历情报收集、设计、试验、制造、改进等环节反复后 达到的。产品最后能否投产,却绝与产品性能的好坏与产品成本的高低。下面就五吨叉车 传动系统设计部分详细说明。
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第1章绪论选题背景、目的及意义最近5 年,中国叉车市场的生产和需求量每年的增幅均达到了25%以上,2006 年中国就已经成为仅次于美国的全球第二大叉车消费市场。

这种快速增长的势头持续到2008 年,直至被金融危机的爆发打断。

金融危机的突然到来,致使中国叉车的产销量和出口量都出现了大幅下降。

由于中国物流产业进入了十大产业振兴规划,中国叉车业又蓬勃发展起来。

我国内燃平衡重式叉车约占总销量的80%,而全球叉车销量中电动叉车比重超过了50%。

这是因为在欧、美、日的叉车市场上,电动叉车已成为主流产品的缘故。

由于我国对环保要求较低、叉车作业更频繁、作业环境较恶劣以及运行成本等因素,较长时间内我国的叉车需求仍将倾向于使用内燃叉车。

近年来,各叉车公司皆以产品种类、系列的多样化去充分适应不同用户、不同工作对象和不同工作环境的需要,并不断推出新结构、新车型,以多品种小批量满足用户的个性化需求。

内燃叉车以发动机为动力,功率强劲,使用范围广,缺点是排气和噪声污染环境,有害人类健康。

环保要求推动了动力技术的更新,如:上世纪90年代液化石油气(LPG)叉车、压缩天然气(CNG)叉车、丙烷叉车等低公害叉车面市,且发展势头强劲;现在林德3吨内燃平衡重式叉车尾气排放符合欧洲Ⅱ号标准。

电动叉车具有能量转换效率高、无废气排放、噪声小等突出优点,是室内物料搬运的首选工具,但其受电瓶容量限制,功率小,作业时间短。

对室内作业、靠近人群作业以及整个的食品行业而言,电瓶叉车是最好的选择;除了完全没有废气污染外,低噪音也使得作业环境更令人愉快。

未来叉车将广泛采用电子燃烧喷射和共轨技术。

发动机尾气催化、净化技术的发展将有效降低有害气体和微粒的排放。

LPG、CNG等燃料叉车及混合动力叉车将进一步发展。

新型电瓶燃料电池在各大公司的共同努力下,将克服价格方面的劣势,批量进入市场,微电子技术、传感技术、信息处理技术的发展和应用,对提高叉车业整体水平,实现复合功能,以及保证整机及系统的安全性、控制性和自动化水平的作用将更加明显,使电子与机械、电子与液压的结合更加密切。

未来叉车的发展在于其电子技术的应用水平。

如:林德电动前移式叉车采用感应式电子转向系统,给操作者提供变量扭矩反馈以确保完美的控制性能,所需转向力极微。

实现以微处理器为核心的机电液一体化是未来叉车控制系统发展的主方向。

对于电动车辆,传统的电阻调速控制器已被淘汰,而新型MOSFET晶体管因其门极驱动电流小,并联控制特性好且有软、硬件自动保护和硬件自诊断功能等优点,得到广泛采用。

串励和他励控制器仍是市场的主导产品,交流控制技术则处于起步阶段。

随着交流调速控制系统成本的降低与闭式交流电机技术的成熟,交流电机叉车将会因其功率大、维护性能好而取代直流电机叉车。

采用电子转向系统与动力转向比可节能25%,它可根据叉车使用工作状况,适时控制电机转速,是叉车节能降噪的有效措施。

另外,MOSFET晶体管比电阻式调速可节能20%,释放式再生制动可节能5%~8%,采用液压电机控制器和负载势能回收技术可分别节能20%和5%。

驾驶员的舒适感对保证叉车高效运行非常重要。

叉车的驾驶座具有全方位的调节功能:座椅靠背可向后或向前倾斜,座椅弹簧可进行调节,座椅可向后或向前移动。

各叉车公司不断优化改进叉车人机界面,使操纵简便省力、迅速准确,充分发挥人机效能,提高作业效率。

例如,配备醒目的数字化仪表、报警装置以及故障检测自动仪器,实现工作状况的在线监控;采用浮动驾驶室(可移动、升降),使操纵者获得全方位视野;以集中手柄控制替代多个手柄控制,电控替代手控;以及逐渐将电子监测器和高度显示器作为高升程叉车的标准配置。

在全球叉车市场格局中,丰田和林德遥遥领先,年销售收入超过50亿美元;而安叉和杭叉在国内叉车市场上称雄,合计市场占有率超过50%。

于我国叉车出口量占海外市场比重仍较低、性价比优势突出以及出口退税导致国内企业出口冲动等理由,预计未来中国叉车出口仍将保持较快增速,未来3年,国内叉车销量年增速有望保持在20%以上,对海外市场的依赖度将加大。

出口已成销量增长的主要推进力。

虽然我国现在已经能够生产起重量从吨到45吨各种型号的电动叉车,但每年仍有近两亿美元的电动叉车进口。

据1996年的海关统计,当年电动叉车进口亿美元,相当于电动叉车行业的年产值,其中集装箱电动叉车和电动叉车进口亿美元。

在这些进口电动叉车当中有些是必要的,有些则完全可以在国内采购。

需要指出的是,尽管电动叉车产品已列入进口商检的目录,按规定在1997年7月1日后进口的电动叉车必须进行商检,但到目前为止进口电动叉车还没有进行专业性的商检。

而我国电动叉车出口却在实行出口许可证制度,需要进行专业性的商检,达到一等品后才能出口。

以至于在国内投资的外商不解地感叹道:“向中国进口电动叉车易,从中国出口电动叉车难。

”而实际上进口电动叉车的个别项目如“超载25%安全性”是不符合我国电动叉车技术要求的。

在目前我国的使用状况下,极易发生纵向倾翻,导致人身及财产的损害。

由此可看,电动叉车在可靠性、舒适性方面距发达国家水平依然较大, 因此对平衡重式电动的开发任重道远。

当前,平衡重式电动叉车市场的竞争日益激烈,要求平衡重式电动叉车产品技术更新换代的速度越来越快,尽管我国物流业尚处于起步阶段, 物流技术和物流设施与物流发达国家还存在较大的差距, 这些对我国叉车的发展有一定的阻碍作用, 但是, 随着我国政府、企业及民众对物流设备的认识加深, 我国国际贸易的日益加强, 外国企业介入中国市场带来先进的物流经验。

我国的平衡重式电动叉车发展前景非常好。

但相对于内燃叉车稳定性较差,为满足机动性能高要求,平衡重式电动叉车设计的非常紧凑,这也带来了一些布置和散热方面的问题。

为此,本课题基于计算机仿真平台,应用AutoCAD (AutoCAD是由美国Autodesk 公司于二十世纪八十年代初为微机上应用CAD技术而开发的绘图程序软件包,经过不断的完美,现已经成为国际上广为流行的绘图工具。

AutoCAD可以绘制任意二维和三维图形,并且同传统的手工绘图相比,用AutoCAD绘图速度更快、精度更高、而且便于个性,它已经在航空航天、造船、建筑、机械、电子、化工、美工、轻纺等很多领域得到了广泛应用,并取得了丰硕的成果和巨大的经济效益)、当前CAD领域应用比较广泛的三维软件Pro/E (PRO/E是全世界最普及的3D CAD/CAM系统.被广泛应用于电子、机械、模具、工业设计、汽车、机车、自行车、航天、家电、玩具等各行业.PRO/E可谓是个全方位的三维产品开发软件,整合了零件设计、产品装配、模具开发、数控加工、板金设计、铸造件设计、造型设计、逆向工程、自动测量、机构模拟、应力分析、产品数据库管理等功能于一体)、有限元软件ANSYS,进行平衡重式电动叉车的强度、刚度及稳定性等方面的计算机仿真研究与分析,为我国电动叉车产品的设计、技术开发方面提供更多的理论参考,进一步提高电动叉车的稳定性和可靠性。

国内外研究现状我国叉车工业起步于 20世纪五、六十年代。

在原机械工业部的领导下,挑选国内几家企业的技术人员进行共同开发、联合设计,然后以当时计划经济的模式,根据叉车的不同型号(吨位)分配给各家企业进行制造生产。

进入 20世纪 80年代后,计划经济的束缚逐渐减轻,各家企业根据自身的技术、资源力量,在原来的型号基础上向上、向下延伸,普遍建立起一套不同型号的产品系列,技术上主要以动力系统、液压系统作为核心。

20世纪90年代中后期,随着国际上Linder、Toyota等大公司产品的进入,对我国的叉车制造行业形成了极大的冲击。

为了迎接挑战,国内企业在车身的钣金工艺、动力系统、液压系统、装配加工工艺等领域投入了很大的技改力度,引进了大批数控加工设备和流水线,在技术、工艺上有了很大的提高。

但是国内企业在设计上相对滞后,主要以模仿日本企业的设计为主。

在模仿过程中,由于受到加工工艺的制约,总体效果差强人意,特别是在车身形态方面存在很多不足。

国际叉车制造企业对形态更加重视,受汽车形态设计新锋锐 (New Edge)风格的影响,叉车形态在原流线型的基础上增加了一些坚挺的块状轮廓明显的线条,流畅中彰显力量、圆润中蕴涵挺拔,叉车形态随社会审美情趣的演变不断地发展变化并成为叉车更新换代的主要手段之一。

2003年世界叉车展览会的4款叉车。

总体而言,当今世界叉车形态设计的趋势可以用8个字概括:流线、遮盖、高效、舒适。

研究内容及研究方法1.3.1设计主要内容本设计的叉车额定起重量为2000kg,标准载荷中心距为500mm,最大起升高度为3000mm,门架前后倾角为6/12,最大起升速度(满载)为340mm/s,最大行驶速度为12Km/h,最大爬坡度为18%,最小转弯半径为2000mm,前轮胎为50-10-10,后轮胎为。

利用AutoCAD、Pro/E软件完成叉车变速器、升降油缸、货叉二维设计及整车三维造型、利用ANSYS软件对货叉部分关键零部件进行强度、刚度及稳定性校核。

1.3.2 研究方法(1)参考内燃叉车的资料确定总体布局,举升机构及液压控制系统的设计方案;(2)根据已经确定的相关资料制定平衡重式电动叉车的总体方案设计;(3)选取关键零部件进行强度、刚度及稳定性的校核。

具体流程如图所示:图研究流程图第2章平衡重式电动叉车设计总体方案叉车的定义与分类叉车是指对成件托盘货物进行装卸、堆垛和短距离运输作业的各种轮式搬运车辆。

属于物料搬运机械。

广泛应用于车站、港口、机场、工厂、仓库等国民经济各部门,是机械化装卸、堆垛和短距离运输的高效设备。

叉车分类:1.越野叉车:其基本构造和工作原理与普通叉车相同,但具有较大的离地间隙,较大的爬坡能力,更好的稳定性,采用类似于拖拉机的越野轮胎,有时还采用前后桥驱动,其最大特点就在于具有良好的通过性能和越野性能,可用语城镇建设工地和管道铺设等工程建设,如图2-1所示。

2.集装箱叉车:除起重量较大和往往采用集装箱吊具外,工作原理和结构特点与普通平衡重式叉车无异,如图2-2所示。

3.集装箱空箱堆高机:空箱堆高机的起重量一般不超过8t,常见为4t,结构类似于集装箱叉车,虽然起重量不大,但起升高度很大,行驶速度较高,采用特殊的空箱侧面集装箱吊具,如图2-3所示。

4.集装箱正面吊运机:集装箱正面吊运机具有机动性强、作业效率高、操作简便等优点,已成为集装箱货场作业的一种重要机型,如图2-4所示。

5.叉装机:叉装机在结构上类似于集装箱正面吊运机,知识个头小一些,取物装置还原为货叉,叉装机在底盘方面类似与越野叉车,如图2-5所示。

6.伸缩臂式叉车:建筑材料的卸车和短途运输,将建筑材料直接投放到作业点,或给汽车吊、塔吊喂料。

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