新编英语教程4 Unit 14
综合英语四第十四单元
综合教程第四册Unit 14I. Background人就是这样，往往身在福中不知福。
以前住在陋巷茅屋的农村，则向往高楼大厦的城市;如今真的住上城市的高楼大厦，却又羡慕起农村的田园风光来了。
其实，城市有城市的烦恼和无奈。
城市的天被高楼大厦挤成一条缝，城市的地大都压在高楼大厦底下;城市的阳光被高楼大厦截留;城市的空气被车流、人流、工厂搅得污浊不堪……先说住吧。
城市里的人绝大多数住在千篇一律的方格式楼上，被钢筋水泥包围着，很容易让人联想起养殖专业户的兔笼鸡舍。
人们困在加防盗网的楼内，心潮有时不免涌出被囚禁的涟漪。
住高也不想望远，因为进入你眼帘的是让你生厌和乏味的多胞胎似的楼群。
这还在其次。
一个楼洞里三教九流良莠杂居，老死不相往来，很难找到农村那种借来往还、互相帮助、互相怜惜的浓浓的人际况味和绵绵的温馨乡情。
再说逛街吧。
逛街本是件轻松惬意的事，可那好像是赶时间参加联合国大会的滚滚车流、人流，让你毫无安全感，尤其是那些擦身呼啸而过的摩托车，见了让人胆寒。
顾命要紧，还是躲远点吧。
......怪不得人家发达国家的有钱人，纷纷花巨资到远离城市的山麓、水畔、林边去建造别墅，尽情地欣赏那湖光山色，享受那田园风光，呼吸那清新空气，沐浴那灿烂阳光，原来是躲避城市的喧嚣和无奈。
II. Analysis of the Text本文是一篇典型的议论文，可分为三个部分:Part I(Paragraphs 1-2)作者提出自己的论点，残忍的个性和分裂的城市生活与建设城市的目的和人的本性是相背的。
因此是愚蠢的。
作者从他们在城市中的生活的角度将人类和老鼠进行厂对比，文章首先描述了晚上文明的城市生活，而此时也是老鼠在城市里活跃的时候，然后将两者的城市生活进行了对比，最后作者提出了自己的论点，和群居的老鼠相比，人类的城市生活是独立的和充满竞争性的，因此是愚蠢的。
Part II(Paragraphs 3－9)作者提出了愚蠢的城市生活和证据。
新编英语教程4Unit
Unit One1.Movie ClipWatch the movie clip and answer the following questions.1.What is Ingrid’s first New Year’s resolution? Did she accomplish it?Her first New Year’s resolution is to quit her job. Yes, she did.2.Why did Ingrid buy the man for the whole day?Because she wanted him to help make her other New Year’s resolutions come true by midnight.Discussion:Why do New Year’s resolutions rarely work? In your opinion, how can we succeed in achieving them?(This is an open question.)Script（From New Year’s Eve）- All right. Working on those resolutions, huh?- No.- Okay. I have a delivery here for Mr. Jonathan Cox.- Do you work here?- No. I work for a courier(快递员) service. I’ve been delivering packages to you for about, I don’t know, a year now. But I think this is maybe the first time you’ve ever looked me in the eye. How are you doing?- Sorry. That’s actually an old resolution. Make more eye contact.- So those were New Year’s resolutions, huh? Looks like a long list. You gotta get on it.- I don’t know, maybe next year.- Whoa. Jeez! Are you serious? That is a hot ticket.- Really?- It’s amazing. They have the best food, the best music. They have so many single girls. And it’s a masquerade（化妆舞会）, so you don’t even have to worry about their faces. You kind of just, you know, use your imagination. If anybody tries to kick you out, or even asks who you are, you just straight-up lie. What are they gonna do? It’s brilliant. It’s like Facebook, but real.- I remember who you are now.- Right, exactly. Anyways, I would give my left... Well, maybe next year.- Ms. Withers? Did you call in a delivery of something?- Ingrid.- Ingrid.- And actually, I’m your next job. I bought you for the day.- Bought me for the day, huh? Oh, Ms. Withers. I think I should be offended（得罪，冒犯）, but I’m just too intrigued（好奇的，被迷住的）.- My New Year’s resolutions. I just took care of the first one.- You quit your job? All right.- If you can make the rest of these come true by midnight, you get these.- For me? Holy shi... Whoa. Whoa, okay. Put these down. Put these down. Don’t flash those around. Everybody can see them. Seriously, You called the right guy. I’m in. Let me see No. Two. What is it? Whew. Go to Bali. Breakfast at Tiffany’s. You wanna save a life. Are you kidding me? It’s physically impossible. I don’t understand what you’re talking about. All right?I don’t understand what you want me to do here.- Use your imagination.- We’re gonna need a bigger boat.- You know, you don’t have to sit like that. You can put your legs around me, or you can hold onto me.- No, I’m okay.- All right.- This is it. This is as close to the ball dropping as I can get you. Hey, good luck with that last one, all right?- No. I figured that was a long shot going in.- A long shot? What are you talking about? Going to Bali? That was kind of a long shot.- Let’s get this out of here, okay?- Man, I don’t even know whose this is, bro. I’m just saying.- Thanks. Make a list of your own. Don’t wait as long as I did.- Pow, pow, shwing.- Thank you. Mm.- Goodbye.- Goodbye.- Have a great time.- You too. Happy new year, Ingrid.2.QuotesRead the following quotes and tell your classmates which one is your favorite. State your reasons.Sometimes we know the best thing to do, but fail to do it. New year’s resolutions are often like that. We make resolutions because we know it would be better for us to lose weight, or get fit, or spend more time with our children. The problem is that a resolution is generally easier to break than it is to keep.— Peter SingerNo one’s ever achieved financial fitness with a January resolution that’s abandoned by February.— Suze OrmanI have no way of knowing how people really feel, but the vast majority of those I meet couldn’t be nicer. Every once in a while someone barks at me. My New Year’s resolution is not to bark back.— Tucker CarlsonMy New Year’s Resolution List usually starts with the desire to lose between ten and three thousand pounds.— Nia VardalosIf you asked me for my New Year Resolution, it would be to find out who I am.— Cyril CusackMay all your troubles last as long as your New Year’s resolutions.— Joey AdamsI think in terms of the day’s resolutions, not the years’.— Henry MooreMaking resolutions is a cleansing ritual of self assessment and repentance that demands personal honesty and, ultimately, reinforces humility. Breaking them is part of the cycle.—Eric ZornI made no resolutions for the New Year. The habit of making plans, of criticizing, sanctioning and molding my life, is too much of a daily event for me.—Anaïs NinText I1.Pre-Reading QuestionsThe hero of the story, who is married and has four children, is talking about his New Year’s Resolution in the text. In the first paragraph, he says “This year it’s going to be different”.Why does he say so? What sort of resolutions did he make in the previous years? How do his New Year’s resolutions for this year differ from previous ones? Make a few guesses.For your reference:When a person makes New Year’s resolutions, he makes up his mind to do or not to do certain things in the coming year. Of course, different people make different New Year’s resolutions. For example, a student may decide to work harder at his studies and not go to the cinema so often; a teacher may decide to improve his/her teaching; a heavy smoker may decide to stop smoking altogether. Some people may be able to carry out their New Year’s resolutions, but some may not. For most people, it’s often easier to make New Year’s resolutions than to carry them out.2.General ReadingYou are given five minutes to read the text rapidly once to get the main idea.Now decide which of the following statements best sums up the main idea. Put a tick by it.__ 1. Some of his family members were pleased while others were not when the writer tried to please everybody in the family on New Year’s Day.__ 2. The writer tried to be a better husband and a better father in the new year, and his family members appreciated this.√ 3. The writer carried out his New Year’s resolutions faithfully to improve himself, but the results all went contrary to his expectations.Key（点击答案按钮，上述第三句前面横线上出现√）3.Background Notes(1) escapement（卡子，擒纵机）An escapement is a device in mechanical watches and clocks that transfers energy tothe timekeeping element and allows the number of its oscillations（振荡，振动）to be counted. The escapement is driven by force from a coiled卷spring弹簧or a suspended悬挂暂停weight, transmitted through the timepiece’s时钟座钟gear 齿轮排挡train. The amount of stored energy, energy loss and efficiency of transfer to the timekeeping element determines the time a clock will run after it has been wound.(2) small talkSmall talk is meaningless conversation in terms of content, but is often seen as socially important in certain situations, or context. In many English-speaking countries, it can be viewed as rude or unfriendly not to participate in it. Non-personal comments about non-controversial subjects are usually considered as appropriate for this type of conversation.4.TextThis Year It’s Going to Be Different(1)New Year’s resolutions are like anything else — you get out of them what you put in. Judging from results of other years, I had never put enough in, but this year was going to be different. I read books on self-improvement before I wrote my list. Find some beauty in everything. ... Make the other fellow feel important. ... About thirty like that. Pretty clearly, (2)anyone who followed my collection of rules would be blessed with a richer life, (1)boundless无穷的无限的love from his family, and the admiration of the community. I could hardly wait until New Year’s Day.When I came downstairs Maggie, my wife, was at the kitchen sink水池. I (2)tiptoed over 踮着脚尖走and kissed her on the back of the neck. (Resolution No.1: Be (3)spontaneous自发的无意识的自然的in showing affection.) She (4)shrieked尖叫and dropped a cup. “Don’t ever (5)sneak up悄悄来临鬼鬼祟祟on me like that again!” she cried.“You’re looking lovely this morning,”I said. (A sincere (6)compliment称赞恭维is worth its weight in gold.)(3)“Look,” she said, “it wasn’t my idea to stay out until four a.m.”I took some aspirin and coffee into the living room. I’d just started reading the paper when Sammy, our five-year-old, came in. He was wearing the watch he’d received for Christmas. (4)“Say, Dad,” he said, “what makes a watch run?”In the old days I would have told him to ask his mother. Instead, I got a pencil and drew a (7)sketch草图素描of the escapement (8)mechanism结构机械装置机能. (Always encourage your child’s curiosity.) It took about fifteen minutes, and Sammy wandered off several times, but I kept calling him back. “There,”I said, “that’s what makes your watch run.”(5)“Then how come it doesn’t?” he asked.His brother Roy walked by. “You have to wind上发条it,” said Roy. Sammy wound it and held it to his ear. He smiled. “Roy sure is smart,” he said.Our daughter Gretchen came in with her doll, Mrs. Robinson. “Good morning, Gretchen,” I said. “Happy New Year, Mrs. Robinson.” (Meet your child at his own level.)(6)“It isn’t either happy,” said Gretchen. “Mrs. Robinson is sick. Probably a coronary冠状动脉血栓形成.”“Why don’t you take her to see Dr. Sammy?” I suggested. “He can use his new doctor’s kit.”The phone rang, and I answered it. It was a friend of our daughter Kit. “Happy New Year, Marilyn,” I said. “What have you been doing over the holidays?” (Show an interest in your children’s friends.) She said she hadn’t been doing anything much. “(7)Come now, a pretty girl like you,”I said (9)jovially—(8)“I’ll bet the fellows are(10)swarming蜂群挤满涌往around.… What’s that? Yes, of course you can speak to Kit. Certainly.”Kit was in her room with the record player going very loud, I (11)rapped敲击on the door. She called out something, and I went in. She was in her pajamas睡衣裤. “I didn’t say you could come in!” she (12)yelled, grabbing抓住a robe睡袍and holding it in front of her. At fourteen, she has become extremely aware of being female.“I’m sorry. I couldn’t understand you,”I said apologetically. To ease the situation, I picked up her (13)brand-new全新的sweater毛衣运动衫from the floor and put it over a chair.“I was going to pick it up,”she said defensively, “You don’t always put your things away.”There was a series of shrieks down the hall. I found Gretchen in tears. Roy and Sammy were about to perform open-heart surgery外科手术on Mrs. Robinson with a scou搜索侦察跟踪t knife. “She told us Mrs. Robinson was sick,” Roy said.(9)I suggested that they carve切雕something for their mother — like a salad spoon. (Encourage creativity in the young.)In the kitchen, Maggie wanted to know what was wrong with Gretchen. “Mrs. Robinson had a coronary,” I told her.“I know you’re not feeling your best after last night,” she said, “but I’m getting a little tired of these smart remarks. Would you mind taking the garbage out?”“I’d be happy to,” I said. (The most (14)trivial琐碎的平常的(15)chore零星工作令人讨厌的工作can prove rewarding if approached with (16)zest热情兴趣.)“Do you have to be so (17)sarcastic讽刺的挖苦的?” she said.It seemed that my resolutions weren’t working the way the books had said. I didn’t quit, though. I helped the boys build a snowman — only Sammy got his feet wet and Roy lost his mittens露指手套and they went inside. I played jacks玩游戏with Gretchen, but she said I didn’t do it right. I (18)struck up 开始a conversation with Kit, trying to establish some kind of (19)rapport友好关系融洽和谐. I touched on hippies, pop music, dating, (20)morality and so on. She contributed very little. Anybody else (10)would have thrown in the sponge, but I kept trying. For example, Maggie always (21)dreads 害怕担心taking down拿取the Christmas tree, so I thought I’d do it for her. (Take over接管帮忙one of your wife’s chores, she’ll love you for it.)I was about two thirds done when Maggie came in. “Oh, no!” she cried. “I wanted it left up for the party tonight. Can’t you just sit and watch a football game, please? It’s what you usually do on New Year’s.”“This year is different,” I said.“Yes, isn’t it?”She shook her head. “I swear I don’t know. The kids have been impossible all day. I found the boys (22)whittling切削on my best salad spoon, and then(12)they had the nerve to say you suggested it. And Kit has been (12)in a poisonous mood. She said that Marilyn phoned and you didn’t tell her. And that you (23)cross-examined盘问Marilyn about her boyfriends.”(13)“Hold it!” I said. “I was only making small talk.” By now the kids were in the room, drawn by the commotion混乱喧闹.“You never bothered with small talk before. Why start now?”“Because it’s New Year’s,”I said. I explained to the assembled gathering about the books and the resolutions and what I’d been trying to accomplish. Silence. The kids stood there looking uneasily at each other. “A man wants to improve himself,” I said. “He wants to be a better husband, a better father —”“We all want to be better,”Maggie said. “Except that when you’re so considerate it doesn’t seem natural. (14)If the kids do something and you get mad, they know where they stand. But when you’re so (24)even-tempered性情平和的沉重的稳重的—”“Yeah,” Kit said. “You didn’t say a word about my clothes on the floor. You just smiled.(15)It made me sick.”Roy said, “(16)I been in more trouble today.…”Gretchen said, “I think it was better when you didn’t play jacks.”“(17)And yelled,” Sammy said, “and said ‘damitall（damn it all 口语表达愤怒的式）’.”“All right,” I (25)snarled咆哮吠, “I make every effort to be a good father, and this is the thanks I get. The fact is, you don’t deserve the father you’ve got.”I was illustrating 说明表明my points with gestures. “You’re the ones who’d better start making resolutions. Like doing your homework, cleaning your rooms, (18)letting the spoons alone. And when I tell you to do something,(19) jump!”I reached out to steady a lamp I had brushed with my sleeve. “Furthermore —” At this moment, I realized suddenly that the atmosphere had changed. The kids were sprawled四肢伸展坐着on the floor, relaxed. I turned to Maggie.“Why is everybody smiling? What’s the big joke?”“No joke,” she said. “We’re just happy to have you back again.”Words and phrases: (点击文中红色单词或词组，出现该红色部分及e.g.字样，再单击e.g. ，出现例句)(1) boundless: a. having no limit or ende.g. Have you ever experienced a time in your life when you have boundless energy?The Internet occupies little space and has a boundless storing capacity.(2) tiptoe:v. walk quietly and carefully on your toes, so that nobody hears youe.g. He tiptoed quietly around the house to avoid waking the children.The constitutional right to bear arms is seen by many Americans as set in stone,and even after mass shootings, politicians have tiptoed around specific steps.(3) spontaneous:a. not planned or organized, but happening by itself, self-generatede.g. Both sides burst into spontaneous cheers at the magician’s skillful tricks.The activities may be spontaneous or at the suggestion of the teacher.(4) shriek:v. make a very high loud sound, especially because one is afraid, angry, excited, orin paine.g. Everyone is shrieking with excitement and jumping up and down.People sometimes shriek because of terror, anger, or pain.(5) sneak:v. go somewhere secretly and quietly in order to avoid being seen or hearde.g. How did you sneak off in the middle of the meeting without being noticed?His son grabbed his running shoes and sneaked out this morning.(6) compliment:n. a remark that shows one admires someone or somethinge.g. Receiving a compliment can lead to a great friendship or help a day be better.They have discovered that the same area of the brain is activated when a person isrewarded a compliment or cash.(7) sketch:n. a simple, quickly-made drawing that does not show much detaile.g. The sketch should be centered horizontally on the canvas.With this program you can get not just black and white sketch, but a color picture.(8) mechanism:n. part of a machine or a set of parts that does a particular jobe.g. Removing the hands from a battery-operated clock mechanism is an easy job thatrequires no special tools.A regenerative brake is an energy recovery mechanism which slows a vehicle orobject down by converting its kinetic energy into another form.(9) jovially:adj. happilye.g. He also resumed smoking, jovially asking an interviewer what he would do if he onlyhad a month to live.The girl was feeling very insignificant when she heard someone laughing jovially behind her.(10) swarm:v. go to a place as a large, uncontrolled groupe.g. By midday skiers will swarm over the slopes of this popular winter resort.The passionate students swarm into the auditorium to attend a lecture by thecelebrated professor of Cambridge University.(11) rap:v. hit or knock something quickly several timese.g. He rapped sharply on his son’s head with his knuckles.He shouted and rapped with his walking stick on the door.(12) yell:v. shout or say something very loudly, especially because one is frightened, angry,or excitede.g. If you ask children how they feel about being yelled at, they will all tell you theydon’t like it.He yelled out the wrong answer in class and now he looks like a moron.(13) brand-new: a. new and not yet usede.g. Waving in the day of snow, we greeted a brand-new year again.More importantly, users will enjoy a brand-new experience while interactingtogether on the multi-touch table.(14) trivial:a. not serious, important, or valuablee.g. Please don’t omit any details, no matter how trivial they may seem.Cool down! There’s no need to lose your temper over such a trivial matter.(15) chore:n. a task such as cleaning, washing, and ironing that has to be done regularly athome; something one has to do that is very boring and unpleasante.g. The calories burned while you’re doing household chores can really add up.It’s a real chore for me to write a book review because it’s like a contest.(16) zest:n. eager interest and enjoymente.g. Romance in its broader meaning refers to a zest for life.A leader must have zest if people are to follow him and achieve the corporatemission.(17) sarcastic:a. saying or doing things that are the opposite of what one means, in order tomake an unkind joke or to show that he or she is annoyede.g. The state trooper was obviously being sarcastic when he asked if myspeedometer was working.I don’t always send a sarcastic text—but when I do, it gets completelymisinterpreted.(18) strike up a conversation with: start talking withe.g. I struck up a conversation with the girl sitting next to me.All of them find it difficult to strike up a conversation with a stranger.(19) rapport:n.a friendly relationship of mutual understanding or trust and agreementbetween peoplee.g. Building rapport is important in interpersonal relationships.He always tried to maintain a rapport with his customers.(20) morality:n.beliefs or ideas about what is right and wrong and about how peopleshould behavee.g. The traditional culture and morality goes down generation by generation.Wisdom without morality is like a ring without a gem.(21) dread:v.feel anxious or worried about something that is going to happen or mayhappene.g. He was late for his English lesson that morning as he dreaded having to speak inpublic.Have you ever dreaded a conversation with a co-worker, a boss or even a client?(22) whittle:v. cut a piece of wood into a particular shape by cutting off small pieces with aknife; gradually make something smaller by taking parts awaye.g. Make this plug smaller for me, but do not whittle away too much wood.Your article is too long, try to whittle it away to half its length.(23) cross-examine:v. ask someone questions about something that they have just said, tosee if they are telling the truth, especially in a court of lawe.g. Before you cross-examine a witness you need to consider whether the evidencethey have provided in chief is harmful to your case.Under the common law, a party cannot cross-examine its own witness unless thewitness is declared hostile.(24) even-tempered:a. calm and not easily irritatede.g. Dr. Pat discusses why a normally even-tempered pre-teen may become moody orperhaps depressed.An even-tempered dog is a welcome addition to a family.(25) snarl:v. speak or say something in a nasty, angry waye.g. “Shut up,” he snarled.The drunk snarled at the security guard who told him to leave the area.Notes （点击文中蓝色字体，出现该容，再点击，出现下面的注释容）(1)New Year’s resolutionsomething one makes up one’s mind to do at the beginning of a new year in order to be and do better in the year ahead(2)anyone … would be blessed with a richer life …anyone … would be lucky enough to have an interesting and eventful life …The literal meaning of bless is “ask God’s favour or protection for”.Example:The priest blessed the people in the parish.Be blessed with, however, only means “have something such as an ability, a good quality, which is admired or which is an advantage to a person.”More examples:My eighty-year-old grandmother is blessed with good health.His brother is blessed with an inquisitive mind.(3)“Look,” she said, “it wasn’t my idea …”Look in this context is an interjection which is used for emphasizing a point before making a statement, often when one is angry. Sometimes look here is used to expressthe same meaning and feeling.More examples:Look, I don’t mind your opening the window, but you shouldn’t let the child sit in the draught.Look here, where are your manners? How can you talk to your grandmother like that?(4)“Say, Dad,” he said, “what makes a watch run?”Say used in this way is an Americanism. It is used to attract attention or to express surprise.More examples:Say, how come you’re here!Say, what makes the lid of the kettle go up when the water’s boiling?(5)Then how come it doesn’t?Then why doesn’t it run? How come is informally used to ask “how does / did it happen (that) …?” or “why …?”More examples:How come many vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes and green peppers, are still in good supply these days despite the recent downpour?“How come so many foreign visitors went to Harbin last winter?”“Because of the annual ice festival held there. Many overseas tourists wanted to see the famous ice sculptures there.”(6)It isn’t either happy.The normal order of the sentence is: It isn’t happy, either. This is child talk, meaning “It’s really unhappy.”(7)come nowThis is an expression used to encourage the person spoken to, or persuade / convince him or her. It may also express irritation or impatience.More examples:Come now, you can do it yourself.Come now, of course you can come to the lecture.(8)I’ll bet the fellows are swarming around.I’m sure many young men are after you. The literal meaning of bet is “risk (money) on the result of a future event” (打赌).Example:He betted his friend $100 that Team A would defeat Team B in the semi-final.But when informally used, bet means “be certain that something will happen”.Examples:I bet it’ll clear up tomorrow just for the football game.I’ll bet our alumni get-together will be a great success.You bet is used informally as an emphatic way of saying “yes”.Example:“Are you coming to the farewell party for Mrs. Thomson?”“You bet.” (＝Certainly.)(9)I suggested that they carve something for their mother — like a salad spoon.I suggested that they should carve something for their mother, for example, a saladspoon, using the scout knife.Carve is in the subjunctive. A subjunctive verb is often used in the that-clause after such verbs as suggest, request, insist, recommend, etc.This use of the subjunctive is mainly American English. In British English, should＋verb is used in the that-clause.Example:He insisted that Tom should go alone.salad spoon — a big wooden or plastic spoon used to serve or mix a dish of cold, sliced vegetables such as lettuce, cucumber and tomato seasoned with oil(10)w ould have thrown in the spongewould have admitted defeat and given up doing …(11)t hey had the nerve to say you suggested itThey were rude enough to say that … The literal meaning of nerve is 神经, but have the nerve to do something means “shock or anger someone by doing something rude or disrespectful”.Example:How could she have the nerve to say such a thing in public!Nerve may also mean “courage, determination, and self-control”.Examples:I hadn’t the nerve to speak before so many people.What a nerve! means “What impudence! How rude of you!”(12)i n a poisonous moodin a very bad temper(13)“Hold it!” I said, “I was only making small talk.”“Stop talking!” I said, “I was only talking about unimportant matters.”“住嘴！”我说，“我不过在跟她闲聊。
新编英语教程 4 Unit 14 拓展知识
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born in 1772 in a small village， Ottery St. Mary， in Devon. He went to school in London and then on to Cambridge University. • As well as being amongst the great figures of English poetry， Coleridge also found fame as a public lecturer and philosopher. His wide ranging interests included journalism， literary criticism， theology and science. • In his early life he was full of energy and enthusiasms. Passionate， charming and impetuous， he swept almost everyone he met along in schemes and ideas. It is in this atmosphere of excitement and collaboration that his friendship with the Wordsworths was established.
Further developmeБайду номын сангаасt
• The Rime of the Ancient Mariner • …… • terrible curse a thirst has begun His shipmates blame bad luck on the Mariner About his neck, the dead bird is hung. And the curse goes on and on at sea And the curse goes on and on for them and me. "Day after day, day after day, we stuck nor breath nor motion As idle as a painted ship upon a painted ocean Water, water everywhere and all the boards did shrink Water, water everywhere nor any drop to drink." There, calls the Mariner, there comes a ship over the line But how can she sail with no wind in her sails and no tide. See...onward she comes Onward she nears, out of the sun See...she has no crew She has no life, wait but there's two. Death and she Life in Death. • ……
新编英语教程4Unit
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Interaction activities: Music I Like and Dislike
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l Guided writing:
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Basic writing techniques—Expansion of the sentence base
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Text I l Pre-reading activities
Pair work: My favorite music
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791 )(Austria)
Mozart was a child prodigy. Mozart was probably the greatest composer that ever lived for he had a gift that no one else has ever had. He could compose a perfect piece of music, while playing cards with his friends. Yet even with this gift Mozart died at the young age of thirty-five from over work. Most sadly of all the genius was buried in a pauper's grave.
3.Individual work: famous composers Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750 ) (Germany)
李观仪新编英语教程第四册练习册答案
Unit 1Explain the following sentences in your own words.1、Pretty clearly，anyone who followed my collection of rules would be blessed with a richer life，boundless love from his family and the admiration of the community.Qui te obviously，anyone who determined to follow the rules of self-improvement I collected would be happy and have a rich er life，and win infinite affection from his family and the love and respect of the community.2、Be spontaneous in showing affection.Show your love readily and willingly.3、A sincere compliment is worth its weight in gold.Whole-hearted and genuine praise is very valuable.4、Meet your child at his own level.Join your children and treat them as your equals.5、There was a series of shrieks down the hall. I found Gretchen in tears.I heard screams down the hall one after another and I found Gretchen crying.6、The most trivial chore can prove rewarding if approached with zest.The most unimportant light task may turn out to be worthwhile if it is dealt with eagerly and enthusiastically.7、I struck up a conversation with Kit，trying to establish some kind of rapport.I started to have a conversation with Kit in a friendly way and tried my best to achieve close agreement and understanding between us.8、You never bothered with small talk before. Why start now?You never troubled yourself to chat with people in the past. Why do you want to start doing it now?Translation.1、每当他午夜下班回家，他总是蹑手蹑脚地上楼，以以免吵醒邻居。
Unit14 Lesson 4 Job Trends
Lesson 4 Job Trends教材分析本课书是第十四单元第四课，是以阅读策略训练为重点的阅读课。
内容主要涉及对未来工作变化的预测。
例如，农业，煤矿业和重工业的职位迅速减少，服务行业，传谋和信息技术的发展势头良好。
通过学生讨论预测和对文章的阅读，能激发学生对未来工作事业的畅想和规划。
本课需要学习和掌握的阅读策略是识别文章中各段落的主题，填补段落间缺少的句子，以使整篇文章连贯流畅。
学生以前学过识别段落主题策略，但填补缺少的句子需要较好的阅读能力和逻辑能力，授课时需要逐层引导。
本单元分两个课时完成，第一课时以阅读为主，第二课时以巩固词汇和完成口头输出任务为主。
教材内容话题：未来的工作趋势阅读：泛读，找主题句，填补段落间缺少的句子词汇：重点词汇：survival of the fittest, keep up with, in case, decrease, multiply, operate, respond, envy, bother, comfort, division, dynamic, flexible, booming相关词汇：arithmetic, continent, branch, slave固定搭配：verb+noun verb+adverb verb+adjective第一课时First period教学目标在本课时结束时，学生能够：1.运用阅读技巧识别出文章各段落的主题，填补段落间缺少的句子，使整篇文章连贯顺畅。
2.了解职业市场的变化和发展趋势，思考个人的职业发展。
教学过程第一课时学案I．Decide whether the following Sentences are True or False.Toffler’s Prediction has come true.（）There is nothing we can do to keep up with the demand for change. （）The number of jobs in information technology will go down dramatically. （）The idea of “job for life” is still fashionable.（）People will work for small, dynamic companies as well as big companies. （）It doesn’t matter if one can’t cope with cultural differences.（）People prefer to work from home rather than go to office. （）III. Draw up your future:How should you do in order to better adapt to the constantly changing society? If possible,write down the future plan._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ IV. Phrases:1跟上，赶上___________________2与其, 毋宁___________________3算出，估计出___________________4对某事做出反应 ___________________5深呼吸___________________6设想___________________7另一方面____________________8毫无疑问___________________9大量需要___________________10发生___________________11根据___________________12代替，而不是___________________13也，同样地___________________14不是…而是… ____________________15尤其重要的是___________________16落后了___________________17万一，以防万一___________________18开始做自己的生意_________________19首先___________________20能独立工作___________________21考虑提高自己的计算机技能_____________________。
新编大学英语（4）课后答案完整版（浙大）
新编⼤学英语（4）课后答案完整版（浙⼤）Unit 11. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D3) A tempting B temptation C tempt4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice13) directly 14) followed 15) troubleUnit2Step OneColumn A Column B The Compound Words created through day throughoutup man upbeat, upliftdraw eared drawbackteen ready teenagehand conscious handout, handwrittenbirth back birthday, birthstonechair distance chairmanrag beat rag-earedever lift ever-readyover age overdue, overagelong due long-distance, long-earedself stone self-consciousmile out mileage, milestonetype wishing typewriter, typewrittenwell Writer/written well-wishing, well-written Step Two1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared 11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage 3. 1) thrives2) strategy3) annual4) deserve5) spontaneous6) sincere7) investments8) enterprise9) follow up10) characterized11) lingered12) acknowledged4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) Ctough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A6. 1) searched2) clever3) solution4) wasted5) tolerate6) hidden7) dumb8) subject9) noise10) extra11) purchased12) replaced13) appreciation14) hurried15) warrant16) strangeUnit 3Understanding the Organization of the Text(1) Introduction (para 1)It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, andinterests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.(2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 2-4)Supporting evidenceA. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2)i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudesand go on to higher achievement.iii) Two examples:a. In many of the former all-women’s colleges, the boys were takin g over the class-room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in lawand medical school classrooms in recent years.B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (para. 3)i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys inclass.ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while thegirls were given the task of putting the materials away.C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’ assumption. (para 4)i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects of math andscience while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.ii) Three examples:a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys inmath up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who developreading problems.c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys doequally well in reading.(3) The educational bias begins at home. (para 5)A. Supporting evidence:i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area thangirl preschoolers.ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, whilegirls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to beapproved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being right in theiranswers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s wakinghours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditionaland expected mold.Vocabulary1. 1) genetic2) assign3) noticeably4) approved5) Bias6) deprived7) constituted8) participation9) unintentional10) postgraduate2.conscious- unconsciousencourage- discouragedirectly- indirectlysexist – nonsexistdependent- independentpositive – negativesuperior - inferiorbiased – fairlimited – unlimitedappropriately- inappropriately3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B4. 1) turn out2) carry over3) calling on4) put away5) fallen behind6) take overUnit 4 CreativityWord Building (P 141)1. confuseA. I was confused in…B. There seems to be some confusion …2. intelligentA. have a low intelligenceB. intelligent3. humorA. A humorous thingB. people lacking in humor4. strategyA. improve his strategyB. … is of great strategic importance5. motivateA. students who are well motivated and happy in their leaningB. His motivation was so strong that…6. combineA. a combination of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep in class.B. Sickness, combined with bad weather, made our trip impossible7. createA. the creation of a new exam systemB. the most creative writer8. pursueA. In pursuit of…B. She is pursuing her studies9. multiplyA. learning multiplicationB. if you multiple four by tree…10. employA. He was healthy but he did not know how to employ (使⽤;应⽤)his energyB. the employment of modern machineryFilling the blanks (P 142):1) Is just a working model; we haven’t perfected it yet.2) We need to find the best way of approaching the problem.3) Which do you value more, wealth and health.4) You’ll soon learn how the office functions (=work运作)5) …adopt a different approach (采⽤不同⽅法)6) The car… is in almost perfect condition.7) Children should honor (尊敬) their father and mother.8) The main function(功能) of the kidneys is to purity the blood.9) It’s an honor to be asked to speak at this meeting.10) For them, the main value of the house lay in its quiet location.Filling the blanks (p 143)1) We should not dismiss these ideas just because they are unfamiliar.2) Pain and illness are thought to be the unavoidable consequences (后果)3) The government is committed to (致⼒;投⼊) promoting the developmentand use of public transportation.4) The restriction no longer applies to him because he’s over 18.5) …are vital /very important to…6) His ideas were scorned (轻蔑;鄙视) by many American psychologists.7) Internet connections through conventional (平常的; 惯常的) hone lines are fairly slow.8) I have to buy a wedding present and I want to find something really original (新颖的; 独创的) Filling the blanks(p 143)1) consciously2) innovative solutions3) unconsciously4) consciously5) Imagination6) Are not aware how…7) in control of8) Your future is created by your thoughts…9) Your present no longer has to be an extension (延伸;延续) of your past.10) A powerful technique11) You are vulnerable(脆弱的;易受伤的) to others.12) …so your life is unfolding (展开) that way13) Joyful, creative, exciting experience.14) You…have everything to gain.15) Apply creative living to every area of your life.Unit5Understanding the organization of the text1) Introduction (para. 1)Athletes are chosen to be role models, and they can choose only to be good or bad ones.2) Athletes should be role models. (para. 2-5)The author’s arguments:A. Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model whileaccepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete. (para. 2)B. I try to be a positive role model, but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para. 3)C. Qualities of a positive role model: (para. 4)a. He influences people’s lives in a positive way.b. He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.c. He displays the values like honesty and determination.D. Athletes cannot take the place of parents, but can help reinforce what parents try to teach their children. (para. 5)3) People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be rolemodes. (para. 6-7)A. Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.Example: I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside JesusChrist. (para. 6)B. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.Example: 1: Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.2. Ever sin ce I played on the Dream Team, I can’t go anywherewithout being the center of attention and I can’t even buy amotorcycle I really want. (para. 7)4) Conclusion (para 8-9)The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.A. It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to try to be good.B. But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.C. Charles Barkley is a good role model.Vocabulary2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to8) look up to 9) Let’s face it 10) you name it3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlivedUnit 6 Risks1. Vocabulary (p 223)a. sensible adviceb. relative advantagesc. the mechanism that worked the alarmd. … requires skille. eliminate all the errorsf. a plane crash2. Filling the blanks (p 223)1) The true character of many risks is quite different from what we might have imagined.2) We end up preparing ourselves for the impossible risk3) Rarely do we learn the risk level4) Such a casual attitude towards the risk level certainly sells newspapers.5) because virtually (⼏乎) everything is risky (adj.)6) There are all manner of risks (n.) in our daily life.7) People should inform themselves not only about what is risky, but also what the level of the risk is …8) Because ignoring the risk level makes sensible risk management impossible.9) Unless someone can definitely tell you what level of risk is associated with a particular activity, do as you wish.3. Translation (p 223-224)1) On the strength of (基于)those grades, he won the scholarship to Syracuse University.2) The market has all manner of (各种各样) interesting things for sale.3) /Faith does not feed on (由…滋润) then air but on facts.4) The teacher told the girl to reduce an equation to (简化) its simplest form.5) Keep o n doing that and you’ll end up (最后以…为结局) in serious trouble6) The environmental problems are often associated with (和…有关系) nuclear waste.7) Today we are doing to focus on (把重点放…) the question of homeless people8) For assistance, they turned to (向…求助) one of the city’s most innovative museums.9) Everyone is the class is expected to participate actively in (参加) these discussions.10) The Southern Weekend identified at least two village officials said to be involved in(卷⼊).unit 71. belief – doubt deep- shallow learn- unlearn shame- pride inadequate-adequatesuccess- failure boring- interesting dependent-independent mediocre-excellent uselessuseful well-informed ---- ill-informed smart- dull painful-painless imaginativeunimaginative2. 1) deprived of 2) for the sake of 3) get away with 4) dropped out 5) by no means 6) got down to 7) distinguish…from8) look back on 9) gone through10) after all 11) be rid of 12) on my own3.choice secure hear who keep while now This pressure expecting testswithin had catch marks patents obtain/get teachers relax shapeunit 81. C E B D A F2. relearn再学习regain收回，重新获得redo 重做，再做rewrite重写，改写rearrange重新整理reclaim要求归还，收回remodel 重新塑造，改变replace取代rephrase重新措辞rejoin 再结合，在加⼊reform 改⾰readjust 重新调整reunited（使）再结合rebroadcast 转播，重播reread 再读review 复习3. B A D A D C A AA Bunit 91. 1) observation 2) available 3) discoveries 4) acceptance 5) experimentation6) inventions 7) evolution 8) adaptable 9) innovative 10) objectivity2. 1) out of the ordinary 2) preceded 3) To be exact 4) Contradict(ed) 5) Prosperity COLUMN A COLUMN Binvention inventavailable AvailInnovation InnovateAdaptable AdaptDiscovery DiscoverAcceptance AcceptEvolution EvolveObjectivity ObjectiveObservation ObserveExperimentation ExperimentProsperity Prosperdisastrous disaster6) Gave birth to 7) Catch our breath 8) had in mind 9) proposed10) converted 11) disastrous 12) negative3. 1) She had hardly sat down2) Especially if/ when you want to reserve a seat3) is not necessarily the most useful4) What sort/kind of person do you have in mind5) There’s a limit on the time6) Spend part of his childhood7) three times as many girls as boys8) as do most of the people who live in this village9) but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere10) Depite/ In spite of international pressure。
新编英语教程 4 Unit 14 背景知识 2
Water PollutionSo that you can become a water pollution expert, first we'll investigate different kinds of water pollution. And when you're ready, you can help clean up an oil spill!One kind of water pollution, which is usually the most common, is called CONVENTIONAL and is made up of conventional pollutants. Conventional pollutants are solid particles and matter found in our water. Most of the pollution you can see is conventional. Cans, bottles, paper--just about anything--can be a conventional pollutant. You can see conventional pollutants in the picture above.Conventional pollutants cause a wide variety of environmental problems. The solids suspended in the water can block the sun's rays, and this blocking disrupts the carbon dioxide/oxygen conversion process. This process is vital to an aquatic food chain. Sometimes the solid pollution is so bad, the water becomes unusable to humans and animals. The best way to remove conventional pollutants is to run the water through a treatment plant. In treatment plants the water is skimmed, run through several filters, and settled. This removes about 60 percent of the pollutants. The remaining pollution is decomposed by tiny pollution-eating microorganisms. Microorganisms are living things that are so tiny you need a microscope to see them.Another type of pollution is called NON-CONVENTIONAL and is made up of non-conventional pollutants. Non-conventional pollutants are more dangerous to the environment than conventional pollutants. Non-conventional pollutants are dissolved metals, both toxic (harmful) and nontoxic (not harmful). Many factories dump these pollutants into the water as byproducts of their production process. The most devastating type of non-conventional pollution is an oil spill. More than 13,000 oil spills occur each year in the United States.Non-conventional water pollutants have polluted this water.Non-conventional pollutants are difficult to remove because they are dissolved in the water. Even though you can't see them most of the time, they are dangerous. Microorganisms, like the ones used to eat pollution in water treatmentfacilities, are the best way to get rid of non-conventional pollution. However, not all pollution can be removed from the water -- even with the most advanced technology. Click on the pictures below to learn more about fighting pollution.。
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• (6)Why did he want to use the sharkrepellent economically? • (7)What three natural factors helped to bring about a successful rescue? • (8) Why did Peter think it ridiculous to shout when he heard the deep hum of distant aircraft? • (9)Why did the engines sounder louder and dimmer in turn to him?
• The mariner’s sin was that in killing the albatross he rejected a social offering, he obliterated something that loved him and represented the possibility of affection in the world. Of course, the mariner finally recovered from isolation joyfully; but the joy came only from his own changed attitude and his willingness to look differently on the world. •
• --He waved and shouted desperately. • --The plane veered sharply in his direction. • --It straightened out, throttled back and came in to a perfect landing. • -- Two men paddled over to him and lifted him in. • --He was extremely thirsty.
• 4) Sentence comprehension • (1)As he came out of the deep pit of oblivion, something ….an aching tooth. • (2)Hanging between sleeping and waking, …crisis. • (3)Panic seized him….out of control to the ground. • (4).His drugged will battled titanically with the bonds of sleep,… • (5)..his nerves jerking the urgent need ..as his wits were back with him. • (6)With a reflex action…an imaginary joystick. •
• 3) Answer comprehensive questions orally
• (1)Where did Peter have the accident? • (2)What did he do after his plane crashed in the sea? • (3)Why did he not drowned? • (4)How long did he stay in the sea? • (5)Why did he scan the sky anxiously? •
• 2) Retell the story • --Pilot Officer Peter Thwaites stirred uneasily in his sleep. • --he came awake • --he felt for the aileron controls with his felt and his hands steadied an imaginary joy-stick. • --As he began to focus, he saw a huge yellow mass before him. • --He looked wildly about. It was still there. It was his life-saving jacket. • --He added a little more of the dye and scanned the sky anxiously.
• (7)His brain reeled in horror. • (8)..his heart sank with the memory of how difficult it was to spot a lone man in the vastness of the sea. • (9)He grinned ruefully to himself at the thought. • (10)He was unaccountably pleased to have found the answer to his conundrum so quickly. • (11)A strong compulsion grew in him… • (12)…but it kept edging its way in again with alarminext I l Pre-reading activities • The story of “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. • This a adventurous story of a sailor. By neglecting the law of hospitality, the mariner cruelly shot an albatross which flew to the ship through thick fog. Then disaster fell onto the ship. The breeze died down; the ship stopped; the hot tropical sun shone all say long. The other sailors died of thirst one after another, while the mariner alone was alive, being tortured all the time with thirst and the horror of death. Only when the mariner finally repented and blessed for the water snake did the spell break and the ship was then able to go back home. •
• Pair work: describe an adventure at sea from a book or a movie. •
• What’s the text about?
•
--This text is a narrative piece of writing which includes descriptions in which the writer gives us a vivid and stirring account of how a pilot, after having crashed in the sea, was rescued by a seaplane. The description is woven into the fabric of the narration and enlivens the account. As a result, description and narration can hardly be separated.
• Contents l Detailed study of Text I & II l Oral work: • Role-play: Going on holiday • Interaction activities: A discussion on “How space stations serve mankind” l Guided writing: • Basic writing techniques—Improve Your Sentences (2) • Composition writing—narration • Letter writing—Letter of complaint •
•
l While-reading activities • Listen to the tape for general info • Study the text in detail • 1)A summary of the main ideas • Peter Thwaites, whose plane crashed in the sea the day before, is mow floating on the water in his life-jacket, hoping a plane will come and rescue him. After a long wait, he is rescued by a seaplane. •
• --Dawn was breaking, and the sea was dead calm. • --He kept a sharp eye open on sharks with a supply of shark-repellent. • --The sky reddened rapidly and the sun rose above the curve of the horizon. • --He scooped up some water in his hands and poured it over his hair. • --He reached for the comb in his breastpocket, but felt a jab of pain. • --As the sun rose higher, thirst began to take a central place in his consciousness.