对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题解析
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读长难句解析1
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读长难句解析1本文针对历年考博英语真题长难句部分进行详解，希望对2015年考博的同学提供一点帮助。
1.The American economic system is,organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumerslargely determine what shall be produced by spending their money inthe marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand ofindividual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen tomaximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize theirincomes,that together determine what shall be produced and howresources are used to produce it.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)3.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity resultsin reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offeredby seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permitmore consumers to buy the product.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读理解真题指导
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读理解真题指导In the early1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three playersin the National Basketball Association(NBA)listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of42.The bodies playing major professional sports have changeddramatically over the years,and managers have been more than willingto adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longerframes.The trend in sports,though,may be obscuring an unrecognizedreality:Americans have generally stopped growing.Though typicallyabout two inches taller now than140years ago,today's people-especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S.for manygenerations-apparently reached their limit in the early1960s.Andthey aren't likely to get any taller."In the general population today,at this genetic,environmental level,we've pretty much gone as faras we can go,"says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of WrightState University.In the case of NBA players,their increase in heightappears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruitingplayers from all over the world.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Growth,which rarely continues beyond the age of20,demandscalories and nutrients-notably,protein-to feed expanding tissues.At the start of the20th century,under-nutrition and childhoodinfections got in the way.But as diet and health improved,childrenand adolescents have,on average,increased in height by about an inchand a half every20years,a pattern known as the secular trend in height.Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,average height-5′9″for men,5′4″for women-hasn't really changed since1960.Genetically speaking,there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.During childbirth,larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.Moreover,even though humans have been upright for millions of years,our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs."There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,"says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change,but don't expect this to happen soon. Claire C.Gordon,senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick,Mass.,ensures that90percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.She says that,unlike those for basketball,the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,Gordon says that by and large, "you could use today's data and feel fairly confident."31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A]illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B]show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C]compare different generations of NBA players.[D]assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32.Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A]Genetic modification.[B]Natural environment.[C]Living standards.[D]Daily exercise.33.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A]Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B]Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C]Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D]Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34.We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A]the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B]the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C]genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D]the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35.The text intends to tell us that[A]the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B]human height is becoming even more predictable.[C]Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D]the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
对外经济贸易大学外语学院区域国别研究考博真题-参考书-分数线-复习方法-育明考博
5.有两名与报考学科有关的教授（或相当职称，副教授不行）以上的专 家推荐（不含考生本人所报考的导师）。
6.建议考生在报考时通过各种方式（面谈、电话、电邮等）将报考情况 通知相关导师，使导师知悉相关情况。
7.身体健康状况符合教育部规定的体检要求。 8.现役军人考生，按中国人民解放军总政治部的规定办理。 9.各类考生均须按要求提交相应的材料（见第四条）。 10.从2014年开始，除专职教师和专职科研人员外，我校不招收以在职方 式攻读的博士生，仅招收全日制博士生，所有被录取的考生均需将档案迁入 我校。 （三）报名 1.考生报名前应仔细核对本人是否符合报考条件，报考资格审查将在考 试前进行，凡不符合报考条件的考生将被取消考试资格、复试资格或不予录 取，相关后果由考生自负。 2.通过对外经济贸易大学博士研究生招生系统进行报名。 报名时间：2013年11月29日－2014年1月15日。 报名网址：/admission/accessSignup.do 3.考生须认真核对网上提交的报名信息，并“确认报名信息”，一经确 认报考信息不得修改，因提交有误信息产生的后果由考生本人负责。考生如 发现报考信息有误，可返回系统“网上报名”环节，重新进行一遍报名程序， 并对有误信息进行修改，必须进行到报名最后一步“上传电子照片”，重新 上传照片，并“确认提交”报考信息才算最终修改成功。 4.交费 （1）收费标准：每人200元人民币。 （2）交费方式：网上支付（考生需提前开通网上银行业务）。
（1）坚持标准统一、程序公开、择优录取、宁缺毋滥的原则；
（2）实行差额复试，按 130%-150%的比例进行差额复试；总成绩=初试分
数（满分 300 分）+专家组面试（满分 100 分）+导师对考生评价（满分
对外经济贸易大学考博英语新题型及其解析
对外经济贸易大学考博英语新题型及其解析There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co.ltd，one ofthe six companies，created out of the privatized nationa__l__railwaysystem.In an industry lacking exciting growth1，its plan to usereal-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawinginterest.In a plan called“Station Renaissance”that it__3__in November，JR East said that it would__4__using its commercial spaces for shopsand restaurants，extending them to__5__more suitable for theinformation age.It wants train stations as pick-up__6__for suchgoods as books，flowers and groceries__7__over the Internet.In acountry where city__8__depend heavily on trains__9__commuting，about16million people a day go to its train stations anyway，the company__10__.So，picking up commodities at train stations__11__consumersextra travel and missed home deliveries.JR East already has beenusing its station__12__stores for this purpose，but it plans tocreate__13__spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.The company also plans to introduce__14__cards—known in Japanas IC cards because they use integrated circuit Geng duo yuan xiaozhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi erliu qi ba wu san qi for__15__information__16__train tickets andcommuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today，integrating theminto a/an__18__pass.This will save the company money，because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems.Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.1.[A]perspectives[B]outlooks[C]prospects[D]spectacles2.[A]creatively[B]originally[C]authentically[D]initially3.[A]displayed[B]demonstrated[C]embarked[D]unveiled4.[A]go beyond[B]set out[C]come around[D]spread over5.[A]applications[B]enterprises[C]functions[D]performances6.[A]districts[B]vicinities[C]resorts[D]locations7.[A]acquired[B]purchased[C]presided[D]attained8.[A]lodgers[B]tenants[C]dwellers[D]boarders9.[A]for[B]in[C]of[D]as10.[A]figures[B]exhibits[C]convinces[D]speculates11.[A]deprives[B]retrieves[C]spares[D]exempts12.[A]conjunction[B]convenience[C]department[D]ornament13.[A]delegated[B]designated[C]devoted[D]dedicated14.[A]clever[B]smart[C]ingenious[D]intelligent15.[A]checking[B]gathering[C]holding[D]accommodating16.[A]as[B]for[C]with[D]of17.[A]but for[B]as well as[C]instead of[D]more than18.[A]unique[B]single[C]unitary[D]only19.[A]devices[B]instruments[C]readers[D]examiners20.[A]reduce[B]narrow[C]dwarf[D]shrink答案1.C2.A3.D4.A5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A10.A11.C12.B13.D14.B15.C16.A17.C18.B19.C20.A总体分析本文介绍了东日本铁路公司引人关注的新计划。
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题重点语法总结
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题重点语法总结考博英语是一项很复杂的工程，构成此项工程的核心部分必然是地基、那么在考博英语中的基础是什么呢?毋庸置疑，对语法的熟悉掌握和理解。
语法基础不好，想要在考博英语中获取高分是不太可能的，倘若你的基础还不够好，育明教育建议2015年的考生务必扎扎实实，攻克语法关。
对于考博英语来说，在语法的构造上有其自身的特点，实际上在很大程度上就是对长、难句的理解，所以语法的学习要和长、难句的理解相互结合起来。
这样我们才能做到有的放矢，各个击破考博英语中的语法难点，为顺畅解题做好铺垫。
育明教育考博英语教研室的专家们对历年考博语法进行了重点总结，希望对广大2015考博学子有帮助。
需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
一、虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
第二点：动词的时态。
考博中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。
是阅读理解中的一个考点。
Such behavior is regarded as“all too human”，with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.(2005年TEXT1)这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。
that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。
参考译文：这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”，其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。
二、省略省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。
按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences，这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读真题解析
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读真题解析Text3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got whatyou paid for.No longer.While traditional“paid”media–such astelevision commercials and print advertisements–still play a majorrole,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create"earned"media bywillingly promoting it to friends,and a company may leverage“owned”media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales tocustomers registered with its Web site.In fact，the way consumersnow approach the process of making purchase decisions means thatmarketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyondconventional paid media.过去，市场营销的成功诀窍简而言之就是一分钱一分货。
然而时过境迁。
虽然传统的“付费”(paid)媒介，比如电视和广播广告、平面广告和路边广告牌等，仍然扮演着重要角色，但企业如今还可以利用许多其他形式的媒介。
比如，痴迷于某种产品的消费者，可能会乐意将之推荐给朋友，从而为企业创造因产品的优良品质带来的“无偿”(earned)媒介。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷6
2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.问答题The (A) fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed (B) with which scientific discoveries are (C) translated into technological applications (D) attest to the triumph of human efforts.【答案】B；“with”改为“at”。
【解析】考查固定搭配。
句意：现代技术的惊人成就和科学发现转化为技术应用的速度证明了人类努力的胜利。
句中“with which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词“speed”，因为有固定搭配“at the speed”表示“以……的速度”，所以将B项的介词“with”改为“at”。
2.问答题Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, white-water rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark archways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such an ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their opinion might be something like this: “I wish it hadn’t happened, but I’m a better person for it.”reports of disaster; there is a built—in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive reactions to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact, roughly half of the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have in some ways improved.In a dark room in Queens, New York, 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr believed she was dying. A few months before, she had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs that kept her arthritis（2） check. She never anticipated what would happen: a withdrawal reaction that eventually left her in total body agony and neurological meltdown. The slightest movement-trying to swallow, for example- was excruciating. Even the pressure of her check on the pillow was almost unbearable.Cyr is no wimp-diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis at the age of two, she’d endured the symptoms and the treatments (drugs, surgery) her whole life. But this time, she was way past her limits, and nothing her doctors did seemed to help. Either the disease was going to kill her or, pretty soon, she’d have to kill herself.As her sleepless nights wore on, though, her suicidal thoughts began to be interrupted by new feelings of gratitude. She was still in agony, but a new consciousness grew stronger each night: an awesome sense of liberation, combined with an all-encompassing feeling of sympathy and compassion. “I felt stripped（3）everything I’d ever identified myself with,” she said six months later. “Everything I thought I’d known or believed in was useless-time, money, self-image, perception that was so forcing.”Within a few months, she began to be able to move more freely, thanks to a cocktail of steroids and other drugs. But as her physical strength came back, she did not return to her old way of being as a feisty, demanding “sex-in-the-City, three-inch-stilettos-and-fishnets” girl. Now quieter and more tolerant, she makes a point of being submissive in a tum-the-other cheek kind of way. Cyr still takes a pharmacopoeia of drugs every day, but she says there’s no question that her life is better now. “I felt I had been shown the secret of life and why we’re here, to be happy and to nurture other life. It’s that simple.”Her mind-blowing experience came as a total surprise. But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical, says Rich Tedeschi, a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina in Charlotte who coined the term “post-traumatic growth”，His studies of people who have endured extreme events like combat, violent crime or sudden serious illness show that most feel dazed and anxious in the immediate aftermath. They are preoccupied with the idea that their lives have been shattered. A few people are haunted long afterward by memory problems, sleep trouble and similar symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. But Tedeschi and others have found that for many people—perhaps even the majority life ultimately becomes richer and more gratifying.Something similar happens to many people who experience a terrifying physical threat. In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is tom away. Our everyday life scripts---our habits, self-perceptions and assumptions-go out the window, and we’re left with a raw experience of the world.Still, actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms（4）the new reality, usually takes conscious effort. Being willing and able to take on this process isEventually, they may find themselves freed in ways they never imagined. Survivors often say they become more tolerant and forgiving（5）others, capable of bringing peace to formerly troubled relationships. They say that material ambitions suddenly seemed silly and the pleasures of friends and family became paramount-and that the crisis allowed them to reorganize life in line with the new priorities. People who have grown（6）adversity often feel much less fear, despite the frightening things they’ve been through. They are surprised by their own strength, confident that they can handle whatever else life throws at them. “People don’t say that what they went through was won derful,n says Tedeschi. “They weren’t meaning to grow from it. They were just trying to survive. But in retrospect, what they gained was more than they even anticipated.”In his recent book Satisfaction, Emory University psychiatrist Gregory Bens points to extreme endurance athletes who push themselves to their physical limits for days at a time. They cycle through the same sequence of sensations as do trauma survivors; self-loss, confusion and, finally, a new sense of mastery. For ultramarathoners, who regularly run 100-mile races that last more than 24 hours, vomiting and hallucinating are normal. After a day and night of running without stopping or sleeping, competitors sometimes forget who they are and what they’re doing.But the feeling of mastering extraordinary difficulty makes up for it, reports Honolulu businessman Randy Havre. Havre, 51, found this feeling near the summit of Mauna Kea nearly 10 years ago. He was nearing the end of a 44-mile race that took him from sea level to the top of the volcano-a vertical ascent of 13,766 feet. He was on his way to setting the unofficial world record for the climb, but the high elevation was starting to get（7） him.“When you get to about 10,000 feet, things tend to get a little weird because of the swelling a nd pressure on your brain,” he says. “Above that, it gets exponentially weirder. I remember busting out crying at 12,000 feet. But if you can finish these things, you know; Hey, I can get through this stuff. You were able to hang（8）there, and you’re stronger for that.”The emotional reward can compensate for the pain and difficulty of adversity. This perspective does not cancel（9）what happened, but it puts it all in a different context: that it’s possible to live an extraordinarily rewarding life even within the constraints and struggles we face. In some form or other, says King, we all must go（10）this realization. “You’re not going to be the person you thought you were, but here’s who you are going to be instead- and that turns out to be a pretty g reat life.”Fill in each blank in the article with an appropriate preposition (介词).Read the article carefully and explain the meaning of the words according to the context. tribulations (in paragraph 2)adversity (in paragraph 2)withdrawal (in paragraph 3)excruciating (in paragraph 3)wimp (in paragraph 4)aftermath (in paragraph 7)gratifying (in paragraph 7)exponentially (in paragraph 14)According to Rich Tedeschi, a professor of psychology at the University North Carolina in Charlotte, there is a phenomenon called “post-trauma growth”. What does it mean?【答案】1.考查介词搭配。
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题答案
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题答案Section I Use of English1、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。
所以正确答案为B。
2、【答案】A protective【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。
根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。
Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)3、【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。
_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。
需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。
A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。
因此正确答案为C。
4、【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。
A 选项，表示指示器，指标。
B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。
根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。
因此正确答案为A。
5、【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。
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对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题解析Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numberedblank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have__1___thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseasescompared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditionsfor which being overweight is actually___2___.For example,heavierwomen are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.___3___among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an___4___of good health.Of even greater___5___is the fact that obesity turns out to bevery difficult to define.It is often defined___6___body mass index,or BMI.BMI___7__body mass divided by the square of height.An adultwith a BMI of18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,___8___,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,andvery severely obese.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity isprobably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with ahigh BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may bein poor11.For example,many collegiate and professional footballplayers12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13BMI.Today we have a(an)_14_to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes_16_with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in of7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D] straightforward10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text1What would you do with590m?This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,an84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment,she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat;regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money onexperiences,say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck."It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of“HappyMoney”are clearly a privileged lot,anxious about fulfillment,not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors’policy ideas,which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was moneywell spent。