定语从句与非谓语动词(
(完整版)从句与非谓语之间的转换
从句与非谓语之间的转换一、当从句的主语与主句的主语一致（定语从句的主语与先行词一致)，如果从句中是：1）从句用be动词作谓语be + doing; 省略be；（例10)be + done；省略be；（例4)be + 介词短语;省略be；(例2）be + 形容词 / 副词； be变为being；(例9)be + 名词; be变为being；（例1）2）如果从句中是其他行为动词作谓语是一般现在时或一般过去时就一律用doing的进行时化简；（例3)是完成时态或after引导的一般时态，用having done化简.(例7和11）二、当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时，也可按上面第一条中方法化简复合句。
化简后的短语前加上原从句中的主语即可（既是独立主格结构）。
（例5、6、8）1.When he was a young boy,he used to ask lots of questions。
= Being a young boy， he used toask lots of questions.2.When he was in the classroom, he read his book aloud。
= In the classroom, he read his bookaloud。
3.They went to the teacher for help who taught them English. = They went to the teacher teachingthem English for help。
4.When the earth is seen from space， it looks like a huge water ball。
= Seen from space, theearth looks like a huge water ball。
5.When a guest comes to your room, you can say to him "H ave a seat, please”。
非谓语动词及从句
非谓语动词有关从句1.非谓语动词概括：2.非谓语动词与名词性从句3.非谓语动词与定语从句4.非谓语动词与状语从句There are some people insisting that they shouldn’t learn English.一、非谓语动词概括：动名词 Ving ；此刻分词 Ving; 过去分词 ved; to do 不定式1.分词短语从实质上而言：是由动词派生而来的形容词。
如， a sleeping baby, a used car, a frightening experience, a frightened child, etc.A baby who is sleeping.A car which is used2.v ing 形式由动词的主动形式派生而来；表示主动的动作或正在进行的动作Ved 形式由动词的被动形式派生而来：表示被动的动作或已达成的动作The fallen leavesThe falling leavesThe custom fascinates me.The fascinating custom has been the subject of many books.The baby will sleep until eight.Try not to wake a sleeping baby.Some movies are rated X.Children shouldn ’ t see X-rated movies.My leg was broken in three places.My broken leg is healing slowly.The sinking ship= the ship that wassinkingThe sunken ship=the ship that has sunken.Falling leaves=Fallen leaves=3.此刻分词的达成时态：表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作以前。
定语从句与非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词在句子中充当成分
成份
类别
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语Biblioteka 补语动词不定 式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词
the changing world the changed world boiling water boiled water a developing country
• 变化中的世界
• 变了的世界
• Don’t eat too many like fried chicken
legs • He is a retired worker. 退休的工人
定语从句与分词短语的转换 The conversion of attributive clause and participle phrase
定语从句转换成现在分词短语做后置定语, 有主动或进行的意思。先行词与现在分词
2013年11月
定语从句定义及基本结构
• 在复合句中，充当 形容词 用的从句是定 语从句。 • ☆ 被定语从句限定的词是 先行词 ，引导 定语从句的词叫做 关系代词 和 关系副词 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 • 定语从句分为： • 定语从句基本结构为： •
关系代词
先行词 + n/pron/句子
with the teacher?
• 不定式作定语，常置于被修饰的名词 或代词之后。 • He was the last one to leave school yesterday. • Tom has a lot of work to do.
Choose the best answer
• 1. Yao Ming is a famous basketball star ____ in the NBA. • A. who playing B. played C. playing • 2. The boy ______ the prize is called Ray. • A. won B. wins C. winning • 3. The girl _____ under the tree is my sister. • A. reading B. wins C. won • 4. The town _____ by us years ago is much larger than before. • A. visits B. visited C. visiting
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换
非谓语动词作定语一：如何轻松精准的做此类题呢只需把握住两点：一先看非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（即定语的先行词）之间的关系，主动与被动二看非谓语动词与谓动的时间关系1与谓动同时发生2在谓动之前3在将来发生二：做题步骤：先搞清非谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系1如果是主动关系，再看时间，与谓动同时发生用doing 将来发生用to do2如果是被动再看时间，与谓语动词同时发生用being done 在谓动之前用done表将来用to be done一．用不定式做定语的几种情况：（1）不定式表将来。
如：The car to be bought is for his sister.（2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。
如：He is the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（3）用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等Do you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go sightseeing.二．分词作定语doing 主动进行being done 被动进行done 被动完成The houses being built are for the teachers.Things lost never come again.I have never seen a more moving movie.三、to be done , done, being done 做定语的区别三者的语态同为被动语态，区别主要集中在时态上Have you read the novel witten by Dickens?Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.（一）、-ing形式作定语-ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。
非谓语从句
I. 非谓语动词：II.从句:1. 名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句, 表语从句).连词根据句意选.从句去掉后句子不成立.2.状语从句: (时间,地点,原因,条件,让步…) .连词根据句意选.3. 定语从句: 连词根据从句中缺不缺成分选. 从句去掉后,剩余部分仍是一个完整的句子.(I). 定语从句总结1. 先行词 + 关系词2 . 只能用which :1) ………, which……(非限定性定语从句，有逗号)2） 介词 + which(II). 状语从句 (根据句意选连词)1、时间状语从句常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until ，no sooner … than,hardly …when2、地点状语从句：wherever, anywhere, everywhere3、原因状语从句：because ,for , now that4、目的状语从句 in order that ,so that5、结果状语从句：so… that, such … that6、条件状语从句：if, unless ，as/so long as, only if, in case7、让步状语从句：:though, although, even if, even though ，,whatever, whoever,从句中缺主、宾 ： 人： who / whom = that 物： which / that 从句中不缺主、宾： 时间： when = 介词 + which 地点： where = 介词 + which (reason) 原因： why = for which ……的 ： whose = the …. of which(物) = the …. of whom(人)= of which the…(物) = of whom the…(人)wherever, whenever, however, whichever ,no matter …8、方式状语从句：as if, how(III)名词性从句1.连接词 that 引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。
定语从句与非谓语动词的转换
定语从句和非谓语动词是高中阶段重要的两大语法项目。
定语从句的应用可以使语言表达更精确更生动，显得使用者具有较高的英语文化底蕴，但也是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。
若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。
而非谓语动词的正确使用，就可以使定语从句的理解容易化，简单化，而且使语句简练、更有文采。
掌握二者的转换，有助于我们更好的理解其用法，并能够自如地运用。
下面我就着重谈谈如何将定语从句转换成非谓语动词以及转换时应注意的事项。
1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。
定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next，the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”.（1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei.→The plane to arrive is from Hubei。
（2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45.→The students will go to a p arty to be held in our class at 7：45.（3）He was the first boy who came to school.→He was the first boy to come to school..2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。
被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。
例：（1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework.→She wanted a room in which to do her homework.（2）She had only a pen with which she can write.→She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write.注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。
三分钟语法课(22)定语从句简化——非谓语动词
三分钟语法课：关系从句的简化今天起我们开始学习“非谓语动词”。
【回顾】通过前面的学习，我们已经知道，根据主谓结构的多少，把句子分为简单句和复杂句。
其中就包括“并列句”和“复合句”。
其中，复合句由一个主句和一个从句构成。
根据从句和主句的关系和作用，从句又分为：形容词从句——修饰和限定主句中的一个名词，作定语；The guy who was sitting next to me in the bus was from Ghana.The cupcake that was brought to the party by Sally was delicious.副词从句——修饰和限定主句、或主句中的动词，作状语；例如：He studied hard so that he could get a scholarship.When dine out together, we tell each other the most absurd stories.名词从句——代替主句中某个名词成分，作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
例如：John remembers that he saw the lady before.It is common courtesy that one should wear black while one attendsa funeral.注意语言中有个economical原则——•能够用一句话说清的，不用两句话，这就有了复杂句；•能够用词组说清的，尽量不用复杂句，这就有了“非谓语动词”。
【概念】我们今天先从形容词从句开始。
看看从句简化的原则。
【原则1】简化从句的基本方法，是省略主语和BE动词。
例如：The cupcake that was brought to the party by Sally wasdelicious.就可以简化为：The cupcake brought to the party by Sally wasdelicious.这个brought，即“过去分词”、或“-ed分词”。
非谓语从句和定语从句
非谓语从句和定语从句非谓语从句和定语从句非谓语从句英语中的非是整个当中非常重要的部分，也是学生学习的一个难点。
其实，我们可以从从句的角度来解释非，弄清非谓语动词与从句的关系，这样会使学生对非谓语动词有更好的了解，学习起来更容易。
I. v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换1. v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句Tom's knowing English helps him in learning French. That Tom knows English helps him in learning English.Her being out of work was unexpected. That she was out of work was unexpected.2. v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句I remember having paid him for his work. I remember that I have paid him for his work.He suggests our making better use of the school library. He suggests that we (should) make better use of the school library.3. v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句Our worry is your depending too much on him. Our worry is that you depend too much on him.The question is many people's being trapped in the fire. The question is that many people are trapped in the fire.4. v-ing形式作定语可换成that, who, which引导的定语从句We will study in the house facing south. We will study in the house that / which faces south.The man talking to my teacher is my father. The man who / that is talking to my teacher is my father.5. v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句On arriving there, I will telephone you. As soon as I arrive there, I will telephone you.While waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. While I was waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.另外，v-ing形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语，相当于一个并列句，也可和with结构转换。
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Do you know the girl who is talking with the know teacher? Do you the girl talking
with the teacher?
• 不定式作定语，常置于被修饰的名词 或代词之后。 • He was the last one to leave school yesterday. • Tom has a lot of work to do.
The man who is standing under the tree isstanding my brother. The man under the tree
is my brother
2. Do you know the girl? She is talking with the teacher.
• 5. The trees ____ then have grown into big ones?
• A. planted B. planting C. are planting
• 6. The E-mail ______ last night gave us much information.
• A. received • A. spoke B. receiving B. speak B. injured C. receive C. speaking C. injuring • 7. Have you met the lady _____ at the meeting? • 8. Tom is the boy ______ in the accident. • A. got injured
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
I know a man who works in that factory. I know a man working in that factory. I know a man who is working in that factory. I know a man working in that factory. I know a man who worked in that factory. I know a man working in that factory. The girl who sits beside me is my cousin. The girl sitting beside me is (was) my cousin The girl who is sitting beside me is my cousin. The girl sitting beside me is (was) my cousin The girl who sat beside me was my cousin. The girl sitting beside me is (was) my cou行词与现在分词有被动关系,定语从句
转换成过去分词短语做后置定语, 有被动 或完成的意思。
用定语从句及分词完成下列句子. 1. The man is my brother. He is standing under the tree. _____________________.
the changing world the changed world boiling water boiled water a developing country
• 变化中的世界
• 变了的世界
• 正在沸腾的水
• 开过的水
• 发展中国家 • 发达国家 失踪的孩子
a developed country
Choose the best answer
• 1. Yao Ming is a famous basketball star ____ in the NBA. • A. who playing B. played C. playing • 2. The boy ______ the prize is called Ray. • A. won B. wins C. winning • 3. The girl _____ under the tree is my sister. • A. reading B. wins C. won • 4. The town _____ by us years ago is much larger than before. • A. visits B. visited C. visiting
• Conclusion
先行词与现在分词有主动关系,定语从句
转换成现在分词短语做后置定语, 有主动 或进行的意思。
• She bought a computer which was produced in China. • She bought a computer produced in China. • He received a letter which was written in English. • He received a letter written in English.
lost child
分词做前置定语 • We can see the rising sun.正在升起的太阳 • Look at the sleeping baby. So cute. • Watch out that a moving lorry 移动的卡车
• Don’t eat too many like fried chicken
legs • He is a retired worker. 退休的工人
定语从句与分词短语的转换 The conversion of attributive clause and participle phrase
• The boys who are playing tennis are my friends. • The boys playing tennis are my friends. • I know the boy who is running in the park. • I know the boy running in the park.