浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校2018-2019学年八年级下学期开学考
浙江省杭州白马湖学校第二学期科学开学考试题
杭州白马湖学校第二学期科学开学考考生须知：1.本卷分试题卷和答题卷两部分，满分160分，考试时间120分钟。
2.本卷中可能用到的相对原子质量：K-39、Cl-35.5、O-16、Mg-24、S-32、H-1、Na-23、Fe-56、N-14、C-12、B-11。
一、选择题（每小题3分，共60分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1.如图所示四个实验现象中，揭示了电动机工作原理的是（）2.工业上用重铬酸钾（K2Cr2O7）制造三氧化二铬（Cr2O3），其中重铬酸钾中铬元素的化合价为（）A.—3B.+1C.+3D.+63.化学式是最基本的化学语言，我们可以从化学式中得到多种信息。
二氧化碳的化学式是CO2，下列有关二氧化碳的说法中正确的是（）①二氧化碳是由碳元素和氧元素组成的。
②二氧化碳由2个氧原子和1个碳原子组成的。
③二氧化碳分子里含有2个氧元素和1个碳元素。
④每个二氧化碳分子由2个氧原子和1个碳原子构成。
⑤二氧化碳分子由碳元素和氧元素构成。
A.①②⑤B.①⑤C.①④D.③④4.居里夫人首先发现某些原子具有放射性（如日本福岛发生核泄漏时的碘-131），即原子能自动地放射出一些固定的粒子．一种元素的原子经过放射变成了另一种元素的原子，据此推断放射出的粒子一定是（）A．电子B．中子C．质子D．原子核5.关于家庭电路中某一些元件和工具的使用，下列说法中正确的是（）A.螺丝口灯座的螺丝套应接在火线上B.熔丝（保险丝）熔断后可以用铁丝替代C.三脚插头中间较长的脚应与用电器的金属外壳相连D.当电路因故障导致保险装置断开时，只需要更换保险丝或使空气开关复位6.“●”和“○”分别代表不同元素的原子，下列各图所表示的物质属于化合物的是（）A B C D7.在化学符号：①NO2②2CO③Ca2+④H2O2⑤2OH—⑥ZnSO4中，关于数字“2”的意义，下列说法错误的是（）A. 表示分子个数的是②B. 表示离子所带电荷数的是③⑤C.表示一个分子中所含某种原子个数的是①④D.表示化合价数值的是⑥8.有人发明了一种“发电地板”，如图所示，当行人或车辆通过时，挤压地板使永磁体和线圈发生相对运动，使其发电。
浙江省杭州市二中白马湖学校2020-2021学年八年级下期中模拟考试科学试题卷
B．原子核体积很小
C．核外电子带负电荷
D．原子核带正电荷
20．如图所示，将一对磁性材料制成的弹性舌簧密封于玻璃管中，舌簧端面互叠，但留有间隙，就制成了一种磁控元件——干簧管，以实现自动控制。某同学自制了一个线圈，将它套在干簧管上，制成一个干簧继电器，用来控制灯泡的亮灭，如图所示。干簧继电器在工作中所利用的电磁现象不包括（）
D．测电笔与手接触的部分都是绝缘体
8．如图是表示物质粒子的示意图，图中“。”和“·”分别表示两种不同元素的原子，其中表示混合物的是（）
A．甲和丙B．乙和丁C．只有甲D．只有丙
9．如图所示是实验室电流表的内部结构图，处在磁场中的线圈有电流通过时，线圈会带动指针一起偏转。线圈中电流越大，指针偏转角度就越大。关于该现象，下列说法正确的是（）
6．金属钛（Titanium）是航空、军工、电力等方面的必需材料，因为具有奇特的性能，被誉为“未来金属”。金属钛的元素符号是（）
A．TiB．TIC．tiD．tI
7．如下图所示，有关测电笔的使用，下列说法正确的是（）
A．氖管发光时测电笔接触的是零线
B．使用时手可以接触测电笔的任何部位
C．氖管发光时测电笔接触的是火线
C．水、氧气、二氧化碳是三种不同种类的物质，所以组成它们的分子种类不同
D．在水、氧气、二氧化碳三种不同分子中，都含有氧原子，所以可视为同类物质
4．下列关于“2”的含义的解释中，正确的是（）
A．Zn2+中的“2+”表示锌原子带有2个单位的正电荷
B． 中的化学式上方的“-2”表示3个硫酸根的化合价为-2价
B．构成它们的原子数目不同
C．金刚石、石墨、纳米碳管和C60是由不同的原子构成
D．金刚石、石墨、纳米碳管和C60里碳原子的排列方式不同
杭州二中白马湖学校2018学年第一学期初二年级期末质量检测
频次
找到食物的时间
第一次 267 秒
第二次 193 秒
第三次 90 秒
（1）从行为获得的途径来看，小鼠走迷宫获取食物的行为属于
行为。
（2）在上述实验中，若把小鼠换成蟑螂，蟑螂难以在短时间内找到食物，这种学习能力的
强弱是由动物体内的
决定的。
三、探究题（每空 2 分，共 24 分） 28.小晨设计了一个实验，用排水法测某实心金属块的密度。实验器材有小空桶、溢水烧杯、 量筒和水。实验步骤如下：
FB(填
“>”或“<”或“=”).
22. 如图甲所示,在一个圆柱形容器底部放一个边长为 10cm 的正方体物块,向容器中倒水时,
容器中水的深度 h 和物块受到的 F 浮力的关系如图乙所示.当容器中水的深度为 12cm,物块的
状态为
(选填“沉在底部”“悬浮”或“漂浮”)物块的密度为
kg/m 3.
24.在水平桌面上，有两个相同圆柱形容器，内盛相等质量的盐水.将同一鸡蛋分别放入其中，
变为 5%，则分解水的质量为
g。
22. 一木块漂浮于 40℃的 KNO3饱和溶液中,当温度改变时(不考虑由此引起的木块和溶液的体 积变化),木块排开液体的体积(V 排)随时间(t)发生了如图所示的变化。
（1）由此推断出温度的改变方式是___(填“升温”或“降温”)。
（2）在温度改变的过程中，图中 A、B 两点对应的木块受到的浮力大小关系为 FA
小强对上述数据进行了归纳分析,看出了在这种情况下,气体的压强与温度的某种关系。 小强经过进一步思考,得出了一个初步的结论,并验证了其中一种猜想正确.
根据以上阅读,请回答下列问题：
（1）小强得出的结论是什么：
。
2018年6月杭州市杭二中白马湖实验中学八下期末模拟测试卷(含答案)
2018年6月杭州市杭二中白马湖实验中学八下期末模拟测试卷第一部分听力（共两节， 15题，每小题2分，满分30分）略第二部分阅读理解( 共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A.B.C和D)中选出最佳选项。
AWhy is clean water important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation（卫生）conditions. In those countries, women and girls spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent（迫切的）need for people in developing countries to have access to（有机会或权利使用）clean water to improve their health.Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12-year-old girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of hand-washing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldn’t eat with me unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “It’s not up to you to tell me what to do!” Stunned（目瞪口呆的），Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest, Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjara’s head teacher, he understood the importance of hand-washing and his daughter’s intentions（目的）. The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, let’s avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.16．According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause ______.A．traffic problems B．forest fires C．many illnesses17．The key to improving people’s health in developing countries is _______ in Paragraph 1.A．to get clean water B．to exercise often C．to refuse drugs18．What can we infer（推断）from Paragraph 2?A．Hadjara laughed at her father’s foolishness.B．Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order to lose weight.C．Hadjara’s father understood his daughter’s love and care for him later.BLooking for a new way to raise money for charity (慈善) ？Has your school run out of clever and fun ideas? DonH give up. There are several ways to support your favorite charity.How about organizing a car wash? Everybody who has a car sooner or later washes it or has it washed. So why don't you and your classmates do the job? The money the car owners pay for having their cars washed will go towards your charity. When we did it we had an amazing time!At first some of us were worried about getting wet or dirty and it's true. But we also had fun and at the end of the day it was really worth it!On the other hand if you don't feel like getting wet or messy but have some musical talent how about organizing a street concert? Street musicians can make a lot of money and so can you if you’ve got the talent and courage it takes to play in front of an audience. You just need to find a suitable place practice for a few hours with your friends first and give it a try!I hope the above ideas have helped you a bit and if you’ve got any other great suggestions we would love to hear them and practice them too. Good luck!19. What does the writer think of a car wash?A. It's dirty but fun.B. It's easy but dirty.C. It's easy and fun.D. It's cheap and dirty.20. What do the underlined words “an audience” in the third paragraph mean?A. Passengers.B. Listeners.C. Musicians.D. Teachers.21. What might be the best title for this passage?A. How to wash a carB. How to organize a street concertC. Ways to raise money for charityD. Ways to make money after schoolCA gentleman once advertised（登广告）for a boy to help him in his office, and nearly fifty persons asked for the place. Out of the whole number he in a short time chose one, and sent all the other boys away.“I should like to know," said a friend, "on what ground you chose that boy. He didn't even have a recommendation（推荐信）with him.一“You are mistaken,”said the gentleman, "he had a great many: -“He made his shoes clean when he came in, and closed the door after him; showing that he was orderly（井然有序的）．"He gave his seat to the disabled old man; showing that he was__________"He took off his cap when he came in, and answered my questions quickly and respectfully c恭敬地) ; showing that he was polite."He lifted up the book which I had purposely (故意地) laid on the floor, and put it on the table, while all the others stepped over it or pushed it aside; showing that he was careful."And he waited quietly for his turn, instead of pushing the others aside; showing that he was modest (谦逊的 ) ."When I talked with him, I noticed that his clothes were carefully brushed, his hair in nice order, and his teeth as white as milk. When he wrote his name, I noticed that his fingernails were clean; instead of having some untidy personal habits."Don't you call these things letters of recommendation? I do; and the things that I can discover a boy by using my eyes for ten minutes, is worth more than all the fine letters that he can bring.”22.Choose the right word to complete the sentence in paragraph 5 according to the context（上下文）.A. kindB. smartC. lovely D．healthy23.How did the gentleman know the boy was polite?A. He made his shoes clean when he came in.B. He took off his cap when he came in.C. He waited quietly for his turn.D. His teeth and fingernails were clean.24.The gentleman laid the book on the floor because_________.A. he used to be like thisB. he wanted to know who was orderlyC. he tried to know who had tidy personal habitsD. he wanted to test the people who asked for the job25.How many reasons made the gentleman choose that boy?A. Five.B. SixC. Seven.D. Eight.5.What can you learn from this passage?A. The gentleman is a wise man.B. All gentlemen can choose the right person by using their eyes.C. Good behaviors c行为) and good habits a工e important for a person.D. One should pay more attention to his recommendation than to his behaviors.DZhao Hua is a student from a university. He has led a group of university student volunteers since last year. They help children at a primary school with their studies and daily lives."When I was a small child," Zhao said, "I knew March 5th was a day for people to learn from Lei Feng and help others, but I didn't know the real meaning of the spirit(精神) of Lei Feng. Now when I see the smiling faces of the kids I have helped, I deeply understand Lei Feng. Helping others makes me happy.,'Lei Feng (1940-1962) is one of the best-known soldiers in Chinese history. He lost his parents when he was very young. His neighbors brought him up. He died in an accident at the age of 22. He did many good deeds in his short life. For example, he gave his own money to the parents of another soldier, and bought a ticket for a woman he didn't know without telling her his name.On March 5th, 1963, Chairman Mao called on people to "Learn from Lei Feng" and made the day "Lei Feng Day".Today almost 50 years has passed since Lei Feng's death. Some people say that the spirit of Lei Feng is out. There have been many reports about the coldness(冷漠)of people towards strangers. This has made many Chinese people think deeply about themselves.Many people think We need to promote(提倡) that spirit again. The important thing is that we must be ready to help others and make it a habit.26.Which day is "Lei Feng Day"?A．May 3rd B．May 5th C．March 3rd D．March 5th27. Who brought Lei Feng up?A．His parents B．Chairman Mao C．His neighbors D．Soldiers28. The underlined phrase "good deeds" means __ in Chinese.A．好人B．好事C．好梦D．好主意29.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A, Lei Feng gave his money to another soldier's parents.B. Lei Feng bought a ticket for a woman and he told his name to her.C, Lei Feng always helped others. "D. We should learn from Lei Feng,30.What's the best title(标题) of this passage?A．Lei Feng Spirit B．Lei Feng's DeathC．Lei Feng's Good Neighbors D．University Student Volunteers第二节任务型阅读(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的小标题，选项中有一项是多余选项。
浙江省杭州市八年级数学下学期开学考试试题
八年级寒假自主学习效果数学检测卷（满分 120 分 时间90分）一．仔细选一选（本题有10个小题，每小题3分，共30分）1．下面四个图形分别是节能、节水、低碳和绿色食品标志。
在这四个标志中，是轴对称图形的是 （ ）2．已知正比例函数y=kx （k ≠0）的图像经过点（1，－2），则这个正比例函数的解析式为（ ）A ．y=2xB ．y=－21xC ．y=21x D ．y=－2x 3．若b a >成立，则下列不等式成立的是 （ ）A ．b a ->-B ．11+->+-b aC ．11->-b aD ．)1()1(-->--b a4．要证明命题“若a ＞b 则a 2＞b 2”是假命题．．．，下列a ，b 的值不能．．作为反例的是（ ） A ．a=2,b=－1 B ．a=0,b=－1 C ．a=1,b=－2 D ．a=－1,b=－25．若点A （a ，3）在y 轴上，则点B （3-a ，2+a ）所在的象限是 （ ）A ．第一象限B ．第二象限C ．第三象限D ．第四象限6．一次函数y=kx+3的自变量取值增加2，函数值就相应减少2，则k 的值为（ ）A ．2B ．-2C ．-1D ．47．如果两个三角形的两条边和其中一条边上的高对应相等，那么这两个三角形的第三条边所对的角的关系是 （ ）A ．相等B ．互余C ．互补或相等D ．不相等8．已知0>>b a ，那么下列不等式组中无解的是 （ ）9．若，0,0><+mn n m 则一次函数n mx y +=的图像不经过（ ）A ．第一象限B ．第二象限C ．第三象限D ．第四象限10．在直线L 上依次摆放着七个正方形，已知斜放置的三个正方形的面积分别为1、2、3，正放置的四个正方形的面积依次是S 1、S 2、S 3、S 4，则S 1+2S 2+2S 3+S 4=（ ）A ．5B ．4C ．6D ．10二．认真填一填（本题有6小题，每小题4分，共24分）11．确定平面上一个点的位置，一般需要的数据个数为______个.12．函数312++-=x x y 中自变量x 的取值范围是______. 13．已知点P 1（a ，-3）和点P 2（3，b ）关于y 轴对称，则a+b 的值为______.14．如图，∠AOC=∠BOC ，点P 在OC 上，PD ⊥OA 于点D ，PE ⊥OB 于点E ，若OD=8，OP=10，则PE 的长为______.15．如果不等式0>+b ax 的解集是2>x ，则不等式0<-a bx 的解集是______.（14题图） （16题图）16．如图，在△ABC 中，AB=BC=4，AO=BO ，P 是射线CO 上的一个动点，∠AOC=60°，则当△PAB 为直角三角形时，AP 的长为______.三、解答题：（本题共有7小题，共66分）17．（本小题6分）解下列不等式（组）（1）2)2(35+->x x （2）⎩⎨⎧->-->---1326)2(3)3(2x x x x18．（本小题8分）如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠ACB=90°AB DC EP（1）用尺规在边BC上求作一点P，使PA=PB（不写作法，保留作图痕迹）（2）连结AP，若AC=4，BC=8时，试求BP的长.19．（本小题8分）如图，点E在△ABC外部，点D在BC边上，DE交AC于点F，若∠1=∠2=∠3，AC=AE，求证：AB=AD20．（本小题10分）如图，已知A（-3，-3），B（-2，-1），C（-1.-2）是坐标平面上三点.（1）写出点C关于y轴的对称点C’的坐标；（2）画出将△ABC先向上平移5个单位，再向右平移3个单位后所对应的△A1B1C1.并写出△A1B1C1的各顶点坐标；（3）将点C’向上平移a个单位后，点C’恰好落在△A1B1C1内，请你写出符合条件的一个整数a.（直接写出答案）21．（本小题10分）某校八年级举行“生活中的数学”数学小论文比赛活动，购买A、B两种笔记本作为奖品，这两种笔记本的单价分别是12元和8元，根据比赛设奖情况，需要购买两种笔记本共30本，若学校决定购买本次笔记本所需资金不能超过280元，设买A种笔记本x本。
浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校2022-2023学年八年级上学期开学考试数学试题
浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校2022-2023学年八年级上学期开学考试数学试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ A．B．C．D．7．如图，,BC AC BD AD ⊥⊥，且AB 平分CAD ∠，则利用（ ）可说明ABC V 与ABD △全等．A ．AASB ．ASAC ．SASD ．SSA 8．如图，ABC V 中，12∠=∠，点G 为AD 中点，延长BG 交AC 于点E ，F 为AB 上一点，且CF AD ⊥于点H ，下列判断中，①线段BG 是ABD △边AD 上的中线；②线段CH 是ACH V 中AH 边上的高；ABG V 与BDG V 面积相等；④AB AC BF -=，其中正确的结论有（ ）A ．4个B ．3个C ．2个D ．1个 9．如图所示，△ABC 中，点D 、E 、F 分别在三边上，E 是AC 的中点，AD 、BE 、CF 交于一点G ，BD ＝2DC ，S △GEC ＝3，S △GDC ＝4，则△ABC 的面积是（ ）A ．25B ．.30C ．35D ．4010．已知a ，b 为实数，则解集可以为-2<x<2的不等式组是（ ）A ．11ax bx >⎧⎨>⎩B ．11ax bx >⎧⎨<⎩C ．11ax bx <⎧⎨>⎩D ．11ax bx <⎧⎨<⎩二、填空题11．把命题“互为相反数的两个数的和为零”写成“如果…那么…”的形式：______．k-1三、解答题20．阅读材料：如果x 是一个有理数，我们把不超过x 的最大整数记作[]x ． 例如，[]3.23=，[]55=，[]2.13-=-．请你解决下列问题：(1)[]3.7=_______；[]4.5-=_______；(2)如果[]3x =，那么x 的取值范围是________；(3)如果[]3221x x -=+，求x 的值．21．如图，在ABC V 中，60ACB ∠=︒，D 为ABC V 边AC 上一点，BC CD =，点M 在BC 的延长线上，CE 平分ACM ∠，且AC CE =．连接BE 交AC 于F ，G 为边CE 上一点，满足CG CF =，连接DG 交BE 于H ．(1)求证：ABC EDC ≅△△；(2)若BE 平分ABC ∠，求证：DG 平分EDC ∠．22．去冬今春，我市部分地区遭受了罕见的旱灾，“旱灾无情人有情”．某单位给某乡中小学捐献一批饮用水和蔬菜共320件，其中饮用水比蔬菜多80件．（1）求饮用水和蔬菜各有多少件？（2）现计划租用甲、乙两种货车共8辆，一次性将这批饮用水和蔬菜全部运往该乡中小学．已知每辆甲种货车最多可装饮用水40件和蔬菜10件，每辆乙种货车最多可装饮用水和蔬菜各20件．则运输部门安排甲、乙两种货车时有几种方案？请你帮助设计出来；（3）在（2）的条件下，如果甲种货车每辆需付运费400元，乙种货车每辆需付运费360元．运输部门应选择哪种方案可使运费最少？最少运费是多少元？23．如图（1），9c mAB =，AC AB ⊥，BD AB ⊥垂足分别为A 、B ，7cm AC =．点P 在线段AB 上以2cm/s 的速度由点A 向点B 运动，同时点Q 在射线BD 上运动．它们运动的时间为t （s ）（当点P 运动结束时，点Q 运动随之结束）．（1）若点Q 的运动速度与点P 的运动速度相等，当1t =时，△ACP 与△BPQ 是否全等，并判断此时线段PC 和线段PQ 的位置关系，请分别说明理由；（2）如图（2），若“AC AB ⊥，BD AB ⊥”改为“CAB DBA ∠=∠”，点Q 的运动速度为x cm/s ，其它条件不变，当点P 、Q 运动到何处时有△ACP 与△BPQ 全等，求出相应的x 的值．。
英语_2018-2019学年浙江省杭州市某校八年级(下)开学英语试卷真题(含答案)
2018-2019学年浙江省杭州市某校八年级（下）开学英语试卷二、阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项．1.You may feel interested in students in other countries. Do they have so much homework? What do they do in their free time? Do they often go to parties? People did a survey in China, Japan, South Korea and the US last year. Here are the results.Who studies the hardest?Chinese students spend the most time in studying. About one in two spends more than two hours on their homework every day. Why? Maybe they just want to improve themselves, or they do that just because of the school and their parents.Who sleeps most often in class?About 45 percent of Japanese students doze off in class. 32% of us students feel sleepy in class, while in China, there are 5% students sleeping in class. Why do Japanese students get tired and sleepy in class more easily? Because they always like to stay up late at night!Who is the most distracted?American students are the most active in class, but also the most distracted. 64.2% of them talk to friends in class. 46.9% of them eat in class, and 38.9% of them send e-mails or read other books in class.What do they do after school?In their free time, most Chinese students study or surf the Internet. Most American students hang out with their friends or go to parties. Most Japanese students do exercise while most South Korean students watch TV."（1）What percent of Chinese students spend more than 2 hours doing their homework every day?A 32%B 45%C 50%D 64.2%（2）What does a "distracted student" usually do in class?A He listens to his teachers very carefully.B He keeps quiet and does his homework.C He always falls asleep in class.D He does things that have nothing to do with learning.（3）What does the passage mainly want to tell us?A The students from different countries have different character.B Chinese students work much harder than those from other countries.C The students around the world do something different in their free time.D Most students in the world are interested in going online or watching TV.2. One day, I got off the train and was waiting for my ride．Suddenly I had an inspiration （灵感）．I looked around and found a pen, but there was no paper．I sat down sadly for a few minutes．Then I looked around again． Finally, I found a dollar bill in mywallet． Although there was very little space to write on, I could write something．I took my pen and wrote something like this, "This is a very special dollar． I give it to youwith love． Do not keep it． Do not spend it．Pass it on． Give it to someone else with love, and watch it be passed on．"I then decorated the bill with hearts and tried to fill it with as many good wishes as I could． There was a woman sitting near me．She was also waiting for a ride．She seemed a little bit worried．So I walked up to her and gave the bill to her．The woman couldn't know what I was doing at first． And then she took a second look and read it．Suddenly she was not worried and she was happy．Also, she gave me a big huge and thanked me．I knew that if this was the result from just one person, then this wave of warmth would probably go on．My ride came, and we drove off． But I thought this was not the end of the story．（1）What didn't the writer do with the bill？________A The writer wrote something on it．B Te writer decorated it with heartsC The writer gave it to a strangerD The writer brought something with it．．（2）How did the bill change the woman？________A She became a successful womanB She became very richC She felt warm instead of worried．D She became popular with others．．（3）What can we learn from the last paragraph？________A The warmer of the bill will be passed on to more people．B People will spend the bill on something special．C The bill will be lost after some time．D The writer had no money to pay for his ride．3. A hundred years ago, most people thought that human beings would never fly． Andthe idea of flying seemed crazy and dangerous． But as a new world full of new inventions（发明物）came, everyone was trying to break the old thoughts． So many inventors, like Orville and Wilbur Wright, tried to make a flying thing．Most plane inventors at that time were ________． They would think of an idea, make a plane as quickly as they could, and then try to fly it as soon as possible． All of them had the same result they took their planes home and they had no idea why they didn't work．However, the Wright brothers were much smarter inventors． They tested their ideas in smaller or safer ones before making a real plane． For example, the Wright brothers made a wind tunnel（隧道）to compare（比较）wing shape ideas． They also flew lots of kites to test their ideas． They studied the way birds fly through the air and tried to learn something from it when making their models． Finally, the Wright brothers felt they were ready to test their planes, but they needed to find the right place． They knew the right place to test their planes after writing to the US Weather Bureau for help． At last on December17th, 1903, Orville and Wilbur tested the plane and they made it．The plane flied for twelve seconds and it traveled just 120 feet, but Orville and Wilbur were very happy． Their plane really worked ! By the end of the day, both brothers had great successful flights（飞行）, with Wilbur having a record of 852 feet in 59 seconds．（1）The underlined word "impulsive" means u________" in Chinese．A 冲动的B 理智的C 聪慧的D 外向的．（2）Which did NOT the Wright brothers do to test their idea before making a real plane？________A Made a wind tunnel to compare wing shape ideas．B Flew lots of kites to test their ideas．C Took a horse to know how to run fast．D Studied the way birds fly through the air．．（3）How long did the flight last（持续）at first？________A For 120 seconds．B For 12 seconds．C For 852 seconds．D For 59 seconds．．（4）Why did the writer write this passage？________A To tell us two famous brother．B To tell us something about planeC To fell us how people traveled In the past．D To tell us why people like making new things．．（5）What's the best title for the passage？________A How to make a planeB How to test a plane，C The story of the Wright brothers．D The invention of the plane．4. Sir Steven﹣﹣ Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals． "hi 1997 I was found have developed diabetes （糖尿病）Believing the profession trained for the whole of my life ended, I felt very sorry． Then one of my friends said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing． That was it﹣the encouragement I I needed． I could still be a winner if I believed in myself． I am not saying that it isn't difficult sometimes． But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet． Nothing is to stand in my way． "Karen Pickering﹣Swimming World Champion（冠军）"I swim 4 hours A day, 6 days a week． I manage that amount of work by putting it on top diary． This is the key to success﹣"you can't follow a profession in any field without being organized Make a list of what you believe you can achieve． Trust yourself, write down your for the day, however small they are． and you'll be a step closer to achieving them．Kristen Stewart一Actress"When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can' t achieve anything． Then, there are other ________, such as family or hobbies． The key is to give most of your attention to one thing． When I feel nervous, it helps a lot to repeat words such as focus, calm, peace, either out loud or silently in my mind． It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence． This is a habit and is a powerful psychological（心理学的）tool． "（1）Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talks about________．A difficulties stopped his professionB doctors offered him helpC illness couldn't stop him trying to winD he didn't believe in himself．（2）Karen Pickering trained in swimming________．A 6 hours a dayB 7 hours a weekC 6 days a weekD 4 hours a week．（3）Karen Pickering puts________on top of her diary．A the amount of workB her activitiesC her goalsD her sports news．（4）The same character of the three people is________．A Self﹣confidenceB happinessC humorD wisdom．第二节（共1小题，每小题10分，满分10分）5. 请仔细阅读五个段落的内容，从A﹣﹣F中选出各自匹配的标题．（1）_______Wherever you go，try to watch people around you with those questions："What do his parents look like？ What is his favorite color？"（2）_______Smile at people at any time．The more you do it，the less scared you will be． When you walk into a room，you can smile at everyone first．And it's an easy way of greeting（3）_______When you're talking with someone？ try to make a joke． Being funny can also make people want to be around you．（4）_______You can start by saying "Can I ask you some questions？$^{"}$ Set the goal（目标）of doing this once a day．（5）_______If you're interested in someone， you must find many little things of him that you like． For example， you can say "Your shoes are beautiful!" to him．A．Be friendly to peopleB．Give a compliment （赞美）C．Start a conversationD．Pay attention to othersE．Make yourself humorousF．Thank others as much as possible三、完形填空（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）阅读下列短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项．6. A few days ago, I decide to do something to make the students in my class excited．It was close to the end of the school year and everyone seemed to be（1）_______I had a good idea after I thought（2）_______for some time, so I found my（3）_______ after school on Monday and told her about my plan． We were（4）_______ to make it come true． I went home and started to write out 21 notes the next day, each for one person．I （5）_______ these notes for two days and planned perfectly（完美地） so that（6）_______ of them would know I wrote them．Then on that（7）_______ morning, my teacher gave out all of the anonymous（匿名的）notes． Except the note made for other students, there were still two notes﹣one for myself and （8）_______for my teacher． So people would think we had （9）_______to do with itI was really（10）_______to see the reactions （反应）everyone had after seeing the notes． There were a lot of smiles and people started sharing their（11）_______with each other．The best part of it was that they looked at each other's notes and then said, "You know, that note is （12）_______．You are a great person． " "You are （13）_______ smart just as your note says． " It was probably the best feeling I could have ever gotten to see people （14）_______ and giving each other compliments（赞美）． And I'll （15）_______it a secret forever．（1）A creativeB sadC similarD wonderful（2）A comfortablyB quietlyC carefullyD seriously（3）A classmateB teacherC friendD student（4）A readyB luckyC afraidD surprised（5）A preparedB watchedC repliedD sent（6）A allB noneC eachD both（7）A TuesdayB WednesdayC ThursdayD Friday（8）A othersB anotherC otherD the other（9）A somethingB nothingC everythingD anything（10）A sorryB worriedC tiredD happy（11）A giftsB foodC notesD ideas（12）A rightB funnyC importantD simple（13）A finallyB easilyC hardlyD really（14）A discussingB sharingC speakingD caring（15）A keepB takeC callD make四、词汇（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填上适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式．将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置．7. Birthday is an important day in one's life， especially（尤其） for children． For 365 days the child waits for that special day because he or she will become one year （1）________（old）． Birthday is also the best time （2）________（have） a party with your friends and family members． To have （3）________ different birthday party， you have （4）________（preparation） lots of things． You should get everything ready． You may invite your friends （5）________（come） to the party because you hope to celebrate the meaningful day with the ones you love． It's best （6）________（send） some beautiful birthday invitation cards to them． There （7）________（be） many ways for you to have the invitation cards． You can buy some invitation cards in the shops or choose some cards on the Internet．（8）________ you have time， you can even make cards by （9）________（you）． They will show your effort（努力） to invite friends． I'm （10）________（sure）people would be happy to receive（收到） those handmade cards．五、写作（共两节，满分 25 分）第一节：单词拼写（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）根据下列句子及所给的首字母，在答题卷上按题号写出各单词的正确、完全形式（每空限填一词）．8. Now parents are spending more and more money on their children's e________．9. We started at 7：00 a．m． and r________the top of the mountain at 4：00 p．m．10. Linda enjoys dancing． It's one of her h________．11. ﹣﹣Miss Brown， thanks for your asking． I have to go home now!﹣﹣OK， s________you later．12. No one helped me make the sandwich． I made it m________．13. We can't just waste （浪费） food while half the world is still h________．14. Can you speak a little more l________and more clearly， please？ I can't hear you．15. We are preparing for the coming basketball game． U________we try our best， we will lose the game．16. The Spring Festival is one of the most t________ festivals in China．17. When we got to the top of the mountain， we could see the whole city b________五、书面表达（共 1 小题，满分 15 分）18. 你的朋友Amy在交友问题上遇到了烦恼，她很担心，但不知道该怎么办．她的同班同学给了她一些建议来帮助她．请你根据下列表格所提供的信息，写一篇英语短文．要求：1．开头部分已写好，你只需接着写；2．所写内容必须包括表格中他们的建议和理由已及你的建议和理由；3．词数：80 词左右．Students these days often have a lot of worries． My friend Amy had trouble in making friends，and worries for days．2018-2019学年浙江省杭州市某校八年级（下）开学英语试卷答案1. CDA2. ACA3. ACBAC4. CCBA5. D,A,E,C,B6. BCBAABCDBDCBCA7. older,to have,a,to prepare,to come,to send,are,If,yourself,sure8. ducation9. eached10. obbies11. ee12. yself13. ungry14. oudly15. nless16. raditional17. elow18. Students these days often have a lot of worries． My friend Amy had trouble in making friends，and worries for days． My classmates care about her and give her some specific suggestions．（点题）Judy thinks the first step to solve this problem is to share it， then Amy will feel better．【高分句型一】Mike thinks differently． He says that Amy can just run away from it because worries are normal among the young students．【高分句型二】As for me， I think Amy can tell her parents about her worries． Parents have a lot of experiences and they can help her solve the problem．（同学们的建议）。
浙江省杭州市滨江区杭州二中白马湖学校2023-2024学年八年级上学期开学考试试题(解析)
浙江省杭州市滨江区杭州二中白马湖学校2023-2024学年八年级上学期开学数学试题卷解析考生须知：1．本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟．2．答题前，必须在答题纸指定位置填写班级、姓名、试场号和座位号．3．必须在答题纸的对应答题位置上答题，写在其它地方无效．答题方式详见答题纸上的说明．如需画图作答，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将图形线条描黑．4．不能使用计算器；考试结束后，上交答题纸．一、选择题（每题3分，共30分）1.如图甲骨文中，不是轴对称图形的是（）A. B.C. D.【答案】D【详解】A项是轴对称图形，故本选项错误；B项是轴对称图形，故本选项错误；C项是轴对称图形，故本选项错误；D项不是轴对称图形，故本选项正确.故选D.2.下列命题中是假命题的是（）A.对顶角相等B.同旁内角互补C.两点确定一条直线D.垂线段最短【答案】B【详解】A、对顶角相等，本选项说法是真命题；B、两直线平行，同旁内角才互补，故本选项说法是假命题；C、两点确定一条直线，本选项说法是真命题；D、垂线段最短，本选项说法是真命题；故选：B．3.已知三角形的三边长分别为1，2，x，则x的取值范围在数轴上表示为()A. B.C. D.【答案】A【详解】∵三角形的三边长分别是1，2，x ，∴x 的取值范围是1<x<3.故选A.4.下列几组数中，可以作为直角三角形的三条边的是（）A .6，15，17B.7，12，15C.13，15，20D.7，24，25【答案】D【详解】解：A 、2226153622526117+=+=≠，不符合勾股定理的逆定理，故此选项不符合题意；B 、2227124914419315+=+=≠，不符合勾股定理的逆定理，故此选项不符合题意；C 、222131516922539420+=+=≠，不符合勾股定理的逆定理，故此选项不符合题意；D 、22272462525+==，符合勾股定理的逆定理，故此选项符合题意．故选D ．5.到ABC 的三个顶点距离相等的点是ABC 的（）A.三条角平分线的交点B.三边垂直平分线的交点C.三条高的交点D.三边中线的交点【答案】B【详解】解：∵到三角形的一边的两端点距离相等的点在这边的垂直平分线上，∴到三角形三个顶点的距离都相等的点是这个三角形的三条边的垂直平分线的交点，故选：B ．6.直角三角形斜边上的高与中线分别为5cm 和6cm ，则它的面积为（）cm 2．A.30B.60C.45D.15【答案】A【详解】∵直角三角形的斜边上的中线为6cm ，∴斜边为2×6=12（cm ），∵直角三角形斜边上的高为5cm ，∴此直角三角形的面积为12×12×5=30（cm2），故选A ．7.小红用如图所示的方法测量小河的宽度．她利用适当的工具，使AB ⊥BC ，BO =OC ，CD ⊥BC ，点A 、O 、D 在同一直线上，就能保证△ABO ≌△DCO ，从而可通过测量CD 的长度得知小河的宽度AB ．在这个问题中，可作为证明△ABO ≌△DCO 的依据的是（）A.SSSB.ASAC.SASD.HL【答案】B【详解】∵AB BC ⊥，CD BC ⊥，∴90ABO DCO ∠=∠=︒，在ABO 和DCO 中，ABO DCO BO COBOA COD ∠∠⎧⎪⎨⎪∠∠⎩＝＝＝，∴ABO DCO △≌△（ASA ），则证明ABO DCO △≌△的依据的是ASA ．故选：B ．8.如图，已知钝角△ABC ，依下列步骤尺规作图，并保留作图痕迹．步骤1∶以C 为圆心，CA 为半径画弧①；步骤2∶以B 为圆心，BA 为半径画弧②，交弧①于点D ；步骤3∶连接AD ，交BC 延长线于点H ．下列叙述正确的是()A.BH 垂直平分线段ADB.AC 平分∠BADC.S △ABC =BC ⋅AHD.AB =AD【答案】A【详解】解：A．如图连接CD、BD，∵CA=CD，BA=BD，∴点C、点B在线段AD的垂直平分线上，∴直线BC是线段AD的垂直平分线，故A正确，符合题意；B．CA不一定平分∠BDA，故B错误，不符合题意；C．应该是S△ABC=12•BC•AH，故C错误，不符合题意；D．根据条件AB不一定等于AD，故D错误，不符合题意．故选A．9.如图：D，E分别是△ABC的边BC、AC上的点，若AB=AC，AD=AE，则（）A.当∠B为定值时，∠CDE为定值B.当∠α为定值时，∠CDE为定值C.当∠β为定值时，∠CDE为定值D.当∠γ为定值时，∠CDE为定值【答案】B【详解】试题分析：本题主要考查等腰三角形的性质和外角的性质，掌握等边对等角和三角形的外角等于不相邻两内角的和是解题的关键．根据等边对等角，可找到角之间的关系，再利用外角的性质可找到∠CDE 和∠1之间的关系，从而得到答案．解：A∵AB=AC，∴∠B=∠C ，又∠ADC=∠α+∠B ，∴∠ADE=∠ADC-∠CDE=∠α+∠B-∠CDE ，∵AD=AE ，∴∠ADE=∠γ=∠CDE+∠C=∠CDE+∠B ，∴∠1+∠B-∠CDE=∠CDE+∠B ，∴∠1=2∠CDE ，∴当∠α为定值时，∠CDE 为定值，故选B ．10.在平面直角坐标系中，若干个边长为1个单位长度的等边三角形，按如图中的规律摆放．点P 从原点O 出发，以每秒1个单位长度的速度沿着等边三角形的边“112233445OA A A A A A A A A →→→→⋅⋅⋅”的路线运动，设第n 秒运动到点n P （n 为正整数），则点2023P 的坐标是（）A.2021,22⎛- ⎪⎝⎭B.202122⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ C.2023,22⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ D.2023,22⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】D【详解】解：由图可得，每6个点一个循环，它们的纵坐标规律为32，0，32，0，32，0，∵20236=3371÷ ，∴点2023P 的纵坐标为32，点P 的横坐标规律为12，1，32，2，52，3，⋯，2n ，∴点2023P 的横坐标为20232，∴点2023P 的坐标为20233,22⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，故选：D ．二、选择题（本题有6个小题，每小题4分，共24分）11.在平面直角坐标系中，点(2,1)-关于x 轴对称的点的坐标为________．【答案】（2，1）．【详解】点(2,1)-关于x 轴对称的点的坐标是(2,1)．故答案为：(2,1)．12.、3，则它的周长为______．【答案】6+##6+，3，3<，∴三边不能构成三角形，此种情不存在，若腰长为3，3，3，33>，∴三边能构成三角形，336++=613.若不等式()2323a x a -<-的解集为1x >，则a 的取值范围是______．【答案】32a <【详解】解：解不等式()2323a x a -<-，当230a ->，即32a >时，原不等式可化为23=123a x a -<-，即1x <，与已知相矛盾；当230a -<时，即32a <时，原不等式可化为23=123a x a ->-，即1x >，符合题意；∴a 的取值范围是32a <，故答案为：32a <．14.如图所示，等边三角形ABC 中，D、E 分别为AB、BC 边上的点，AD＝BE，AE 与CD 交于点F，AG⊥CD 于点G，则AGAF的值为________．【答案】3 2【详解】解：在△CAD与△ABE中，AC＝AB，∠CAD＝∠ABE＝60°，AD＝BE，∴△CAD≌△ABE．∴∠ACD＝∠BAE．∵∠BAE＋∠CAE＝60°，∴∠ACD＋∠CAE＝60°．∴∠AFG＝∠ACD＋∠CAE＝60°．∴在Rt△AFG中，3sin602 AGAF==°．故答案为3 2 .15.如图，∠BOC=9°，点A在OB上，且OA=1，按下列要求画图：以A为圆心，1为半径向右画弧交OC于点A1，得第1条线段AA1；再以A1为圆心，1为半径向右画弧交OB于点A2，得第2条线段A1A2；再以A2为圆心，1为半径向右画弧交OC于点A3，得第3条线段A2A3；…这样画下去，直到得第n条线段，之后就不能再画出符合要求的线段了，则n=__．【答案】9【详解】试题分析：根据等腰三角形的性质和三角形外角的性质依次可得∠A1AB的度数，∠A2A1C的度数，∠A3A2B的度数，∠A4A3C的度数，…，依此得到规律，再根据三角形外角小于90°即可求解．解：由题意可知：AO=A1A，A1A=A2A1，…，则∠AOA1=∠OA1A，∠A1OA2=∠A1A2A，…，∵∠BOC=9°，∴∠A 1AB=18°，∠A 2A 1C=27°，∠A 3A 2B=36°的度数，∠A 4A 3C=45°，…，∴9°n ＜90°，解得n ＜10．由于n 为整数，故n=9．故选B ．16.在直角坐标系中，O 为坐标原点，已知()3,4A ，在x ．轴．上确定一点P ，使OAP △为等腰三角形，写出所有．．符合条件的点P 的坐标______．【答案】()50-，或()50，或()60，或2506⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，【详解】解：∵()34A ，，∴5OA ==，设点P 的坐标为()0m ，当OA OP =时，∴5m =，即5m =或5-，∴点P 的坐标为()50-，或()50，；当PA OA =时，即22PA OA =，∴()222345m -+=，解得0m =（舍去）或6，点P 的坐标为()60，；当PA PO =时，即22PA PO =，∴()22234m m -+=，解得256m =，点P 的坐标为2506⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，；综上，点P 的坐标为()50-，或()50，或()60，或2506⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，．故答案为：()50-，或()50，或()60，或2506⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，．三、解答题（本题有7个小题，共66分）17.解不等式（组），并将其解集在数轴上表示出来．（1）2151132x x -+->；（2）()33121318x x x x -⎧+≥+⎪⎨⎪--<-⎩．【答案】（1）1x <-，在数轴表示见解析（2）21x -<≤，在数轴表示见解析【小问1详解】解：2151132x x -+->，去分母得，()()2213516x x --+>，去括号得，421536x x --->，移项、合并同类项得，1111x ->，解得1x <-，把解集在数轴上表示如图，【小问2详解】解：()33121318x x x x -⎧+≥+⎪⎨⎪--<-⎩①②，由①得，1x ≤，由②得，2x >-，∴不等式组的解集为21x -<≤，把解集在数轴上表示如图，．18.已知关于x ，y 的方程组27243x y a x y a +=+⎧⎨-=-⎩的解是正数，且x 的值小于y 的值．(1)求a 的范围．(2)化简：|8a ＋11|－|10a ＋1|.【答案】(1)111<a<-.810-(2)18a ＋12.【详解】试题分析：（1）先求出y ，x ，再组成不等式求a 的范围即可．（2）由a 的范围求解即可．试题解析：(1)解方程组+=2+7243x y a x y a ⎧⎨-=-⎩得8+11=3102=.3a x a y ⎧⎪⎪⎨-⎪⎪⎩根据题意，得8+11031020381110233a aa a ⎧>⎪⎪-⎪>⎨⎪+-⎪<⎪⎩①②③解不等式①，得a >－118.解不等式②，得a <5.解不等式③，得a <－110.∴不等式组的解是－118<a <－110.(2)∵－118<a <－110，∴8a ＋11>0，10a ＋1<0.∴|8a ＋11|－|10a ＋1|＝8a ＋11－[－(10a ＋1)]＝8a ＋11＋10a ＋1＝18a ＋12.19.如图，90A B ∠=∠=︒，E 是AB 上的一点，且AE BC =，12∠=∠．求证：CDE 是直角三角形．【答案】证明过程见解析【详解】证明：∵12∠=∠，∴DE CE =，∵90A B ∠=∠=︒，在Rt ADE 和Rt BEC 中，DE EC AE BC=⎧⎨=⎩，∴()Rt ADE Rt BEC HL ≌，∴ADE BEC ∠=∠，∵90ADE AED ∠+∠=︒，∴90BEC AED ∠+∠=︒，∴90DEC ∠=︒，∴CDE 是直角三角形．20.已知()30A -,，()5,0B ，(),C x y ．（1）若点C 在第二象限内，且3x =，3y =，求点C 的坐标，并求ABC 的面积；（2）若点C 在第四象限内，且ABC 的面积为8，4x =，求点C 的坐标．【答案】（1）12（2）()4,2-【解析】【分析】（1）由点C 在第二象限内，可得0x <，0y >，再由3x =，3y =，可得3x =-，3y =，即点C 的坐标为()3,3-，再根据点A 、B 的坐标即可求得结果；（2）由ABC 的面积为8，点C 在第四象限内，可得()18=82y ⨯⨯-，求得=2y -，由4x =，可得4x =，即可求得结果．【小问1详解】解：∵点C 在第二象限内，∴0x <，0y >，∵3x =，3y =，∴3x =-，3y =，∴()3,3C -，∵()30A -,，()5,0B ，∴1=83=122ABC S ⨯⨯ ；【小问2详解】解：∵ABC 的面积为8，点C 在第四象限内，∴()18=82y ⨯⨯-，∴=2y -，∵4x =，∴4x =，∴点C 的坐标为()4,2-．21.某校计划为教师购买甲、乙两种词典．已知购买1本甲种词典和2本乙种词典共需170元，购买2本甲种词典和3本乙种词典共需290元．（1）求每本甲种词典和每本乙种词典的价格分别为多少元？（2）学校计划购买甲种词典和乙种词典共30本，总费用不超过1600元，那么最多可购买甲种词典多少本？【答案】（1）每本甲种词典的价格为70元，每本乙种词典的价格为50元；（2）学校最多可购买甲种词典5本【详解】（1）设每本甲种词典的价格为x 元，每本乙种词典的价格为y 元，根据题意，得217023290x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩解得7050x y =⎧⎨=⎩答：每本甲种词典的价格为70元，每本乙种词典的价格为50元．（2）设学校计划购买甲种词典m 本，则购买乙种词典(30)m -本，根据题意，得7050(30)1600m m +-≤解得5m ≤答：学校最多可购买甲种词典5本．22.如图所示，点P 在AOB ∠内，点M ，N 分别是点P 关于AO ，BO 的对称点，MN 分别交OA ，OB 于点E ，F ．（1）若AOB α∠=，求MON ∠，EPF ∠（用含α的代数式表示），写出过程；（2）①若PEF !的周长是10cm ，求MN 的长．②若45O ∠=︒，cm OP x =，直接写出PEF !的周长______．【答案】（1）2MON α∠=，=1802EPF α∠︒-（2）①10MN cm =【小问1详解】解：如图，连接OP 、OM 、ON ，∵M 是点P 关于AO 的对称点，∴OP OM =，ME PE =，MOA AOP ∠∠=，∴OMP OPM ∠=∠，=EMP EPM ∠∠，∴=OME OPE ∠∠，同理可得，OP ON =，BOP BON ∠∠=，=OPE ONF ∠∠，∴OM ON =，()=2=2=2MON AOP BOP AOB α∠∠+∠∠，∴=180=1802OMN ONM MON α∠+∠︒-∠︒-，∴===1802EPF OPE OPF OMN ONM α∠∠+∠∠+∠︒-；【小问2详解】解：①∵M 、N 分别是点P 关于AO 、BO 的对称点，∴ME PE =，NF PF =，∴PEF MN ME EF FN PE EF PF C =++=++= ，∵10PEF C cm = ，∴10MN cm =，②∵45AOB ∠=︒，===OM ON OP x ，∴=2=90MON AOB ∠∠︒，MN ==，∵PEF MN C = ，且PEF !的周长的最小值为MN 的长，∴PEF !，．23.在ABC 中，点D 在直线AB 上，点E 在平面内，点F 在BC 的延长线上，E BDC ∠=∠，AE CD =，180EAB DCF ∠+∠=︒．【问题解决】（1）如图1，若点D 在边BA 的延长线上，求证：AD BC BE +=；【类比探究】（2）如图2，若点D 在线段AB 上，请探究线段AD 、BC 与BE 之间存在怎样的数量关系，并证明；【拓展延伸】（3）如图3若点D 在线段AB 的延长线上，请探究线段AD 、BC 与BE 之间的数量关系，并证明．【答案】（1）证明过程见解析；（2）BC AD BE -=，证明过程见解析（3）AD BC BE -=，证明过程见解析【详解】解：（1）证明：∵180EAB DCF ∠+∠=︒，180BCD DCF ∠+∠=︒，∴EAB BCD ∠=∠，在EAB 和DCB △中，EAB BCDAE CD E BDC∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩，∴()EAB DCB ASA ≌，∴BE BD =，AB BC =，∵BD AD AB =+，∴AD BC BE +=；（2）BC AD BE -=，证明如下：∵180EAB DCF ∠+∠=︒，180BCD DCF ∠+∠=︒，∴EAB BCD ∠=∠，在EAB 和DCB △中，EAB BCDAE CD E BDC∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩，∴()EAB DCB ASA ≌，∴BE BD =，AB BC =，∵BD AB AD =-，∴BC AD BE -=；（3）AD BC BE -=，证明如下：∵180EAB DCF ∠+∠=︒，180DCB DCF ∠+∠=︒，∴EAB DCB ∠=∠，在EAB 和DCB △中，EAB DCB AE CD E BDC∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩，∴()EAB DCB ASA ≌，∴BE BD =，AB BC =，∵BD AD AB =-，∴AD BC BE -=．。
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杭州二中白马湖学校2018学年第二学期初二年级英语开学质量检测第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）AQ and A today: the InternetWe asked two teenagers from the USA about what they think of the Internet. Here are their answers. Question 1: How often do you use the Internet, and what for?Linda：I use it every day. I have a lot of online friends. I have my own blog. It's exciting. If we didn’thave the Internet, life would be really boring.Brett：I use it a lot, too. I surf the Internet about(twice a day. I have my own web pages. I write about my hobbies and interests on it. And I love getting mail from other people.Question 2: What website do you think is the best?Linda:! I like it because it gives girls advice on what to do in different situations,and there's also something interesting to read. I can find new books every week.Brett:Honestly, I don’t know what to say. I have visited so many websites. There surely isn't justone website that I would recommend(推荐).Question3:If you were offered(提供) a job in computing, would you like it?Linda:I'm not sure. You can meet lots of people on the web, and there are cool games, but I'd like to meet real people in my job. So maybe I will be the manager of a big Internet company.Brett:Sure. If I had the chance, I'd like to work as a web designer. I love designing(设计),and I likecreating my own things.( )16. How often does Brett use the Internet?A. Every day.B.Twice a dayC. Once a weekD. Four times a week( )17.On Agirlsworld. com, girls can___________.A.make friendsB.play gamesC.send mailD.get advice( )18. Linda would like to be____________.A. a managerB. a teacherC. a computer programmerD. a web designer【答案】16.B17.D 18.ABFor his eleventh birthday, Lin was given a gift that would shape his life. On that day father took him to theChildren’s Activity Centre and said he could choose any course that interested him. There was just onerequirement: Lin would have to promise to study it for at least one year.To that point Lin had had many hobbies, but none kept his interest for more than a week or two. His mumonce gave him a bag of stamps to encourage stamp collecting, That hobby lasted a week. Then his father got himsome paints hoping that Lin’s artistic side would shine through. Those paints were now under his bed, stillunopened. This time Lin’s parents would let him decide.Lin's eyes moved down the noticeboard that listed all the courses on offer. He stopped at Photography".Heliked the idea of taking beautiful pictures but the notice said that each student needed their own camera. AlthoughLin’s family weren't poor, they weren't rich either, and a camera cost a lot of money. He continued looking.The next course to catch his eye was"Language Art". He didn't even know what that meant. His fatherexplained that it taught people how to make public speeches. Lin, a shy boy, could think of nothing worse.Then he saw it. "Cooking"sounded like something he'd like to do. It was inexpensive and convenient, itcould be done alone and it was also creative.Based on Lin's hobby history, his dad had doubts, but he agreed, much to his parent's surprise, Lin kept hispromise he studied cooking at the Centre every Saturday, and practiced at home, making delicious meals for hisfamily. Everyone looked forward to birthdays, when they could eat his cakes. Lin got great satisfaction from thepleasure his food brought to others.The months turned to years but his hobby never changed again.Now Lin is an adult and runs a successful restaurant. When customers say they enjoy his meal, he still getsthe same pleasure he did as a child, and remembers the special gift he received all those years ago.( )19. The underlined expression“ catch his eye” in paragraph4 means“___________”A. Make him excitedB. Cause him surpriseC. Get his attentionD Help himsee clearly( )20. Which of the following best describes Lin’s interest in cooking?A. It only lasted for a short timeB. It seemed to match his characterC. It was forced on him by his parentsD. It developed slowly over many months( )21. Why did the father have doubts about Lin's choice of cooking?A. Lin wasn't good at cookingB. Cooking wasn't very convenientC. He didn't think Lin would continueD. Cooking wasn't a good hobby for a boy( )22. What is the best title for the passage?A. A Strict-FatherB. A-Changeable BoyC The Fun of CookingD.The Birthday Gift【答案】19.C20.B21.C 22.DCMost of us took a trip with our parents when we were children. Some went to the beach; some went to climb mountains; some travelled to other countries. All in all, we would like to have an easy and comfortable holiday.However, Pu Wei, a Chinese man and his 8-year-old son Don Ge went for a backpacking trip. They left their home in Xi'an on July 7th, and ended their trip in Lanzhou on July 13th. They only took 100 yuan for the trip. Sounded impossible? But they did it.Pu Wei said when his son first heard about the trip, he was excited. Don Ge was naturally interested in travelling. Every day he was excited to find new things, and this made his father go on with the trip.On the way Pu Wei and his son did some small and hard work to get food to eat and places to sleep in. During the trip, his son was especially brave and he was very surprised. Many kind people also served them food and free rides. In the end they travelled a journey(旅行)of 600 km.Pu Wei left messages on this Weibo with pictures of their interesting but difficult trip. He said his son learned the difficulty of life, and he also learned the importance of being humble(谦虚的)and kind. That was what he expected before the trip.( )23. The main purpose of paragraph 1 is to_________.A.Show how children spent their holiday with parentsB.Show how different the father and his son’s trip wasC.Tell us what activities children did during the vacationD.Tell us why kids chose to have an easy and comfortable holiday( )24. How long did Pu Wei and his son's trip last?A. For five daysB. For eight dayC. For a weekD. For half a month( )25.Why did Pu Wei plan this trip?A.To write special messages on WeiboB. To let his son know life is not so easyC. To experience an exciting and safe journeyD. To make his son brave and humble.( )26. What is the best title for the message?A. Be humble and kind in lifeB. Father and son's backpacking tripC. Learn by doing small and hard workD. The outside world is fantastic【答案】23.C24.C25.B26.BDTwo astronauts are on a spacewalk. Suddenly, their spacecraft is hit by a large piece of space junk. The junk destroys their ship. Without their ship, they are stuck floating (漂浮)in space. How can they make their way back to earth? This is the plot(情节) of the2013 U.S. film gravity《地心引力》.Although this kind of accident has never happened in the real world, it is a risk that every astronaut has to take when going on a spacewalk. To prevent this from happening, scientists at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory in the U.S. have made smart spacesuits. These spacesuits have a special "take-me -home button”, according to Daily Mail.When going on spacewalks, astronauts are tied to their spacecraft by a long cable(绳索). They also wear a jet pack(喷气式背包). It allows them to return to their spacecraft in case their cable breaks. But astronauts have tooperate the jet pack by hand. If an astronaut falls unconscious (昏迷的) while on a spacewalk, they can't operate the jet pack.The smart spacesuits can take astronauts back to their spacecraft automatically(自动地). They just need to press a single button. The button turns on sensors(传感器) inside the spacesuit. The sensors can tell the astronaut's position. They can also tell how much oxygen (氧气) is left in the astronauts’spacesuits.More importantly, astronauts aboard the spacecraft can control the button remotely (远程地). This kind of technology may have other uses in the future. For example, it could help firefighters pass through smoke-filled rooms, space engineer Kevin Duda told DOGO News.( )27. Why did the author(作者)tell us the plot of the 2013 US film Gravity in the first paragraph?A The kind of accident has happened in the real world onceB.The astronauts in the real world have special abilities to protect themselvesC. The author wanted to introduce the smart spacesuits with a special buttonD. The author just wanted to share his favorite film with us( )28. The underlined word “it” (in para. 3)refers to “__________”.A.An astronautB. A spacecraftC. A jet packD. A long cable( ) 29. Which of the following NOT true about the smart spacesuits?A. They can help an astronaut return to their spacecraft automatically.B. Astronauts with smart spacesuits are tied to their spacecraft by a long cable.C. Astronauts need to press the special “take-me-home bu tton”.D. Astronauts aboard the spacecraft can control the button remotely( )30. What will the author probably write in the following part?A. Difficulties astronauts may face on their spacewalks.B. More examples about this kind of technology.C. How the sensors work inside the spacesuit.D. More details about the plot of the 2013 US film Gravity.【答案】CCBB第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项）Mom and Dad are two of the most important people in your life. 31 .If your mom loves to read, you maylike to take a bookwherever you go, just like she does.But many kids can’t get on well with their parents. The kids don’t think that their parents can understand them. Some kids always say their parents are too strict with them. 32 ?Here are some tips.Spent time together. Don’t spend so much time playing a computer game or watching TV. 33 . Go out to do something together, try some games, or just read a book together.34 Many kids want their parents to help them when they feel upset, but your mom and dad may not know that you are having a problem. Tell them what’s the matter with you and they will be glad to help you.35 D on’t have to be perfect(完美), but when you do your best, you’ll make you r parents happy.【答案】AEBDC第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分25分）第一节：完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）选项中选出一个最佳选项。