pearl S. Buck
赛珍珠英文版介绍课件

Cultural Differences
Her narratives often juxtapose Chinese and Western cultural perspectives, highlighting differences in values, beliefs, and ways of life. This examination促进 了跨文化理解。
Rhetorical Devices
She frequently employs rhetorical devices such as metaphor, simile, and personification to enhance the descriptive power of her prose. These literary techniques add depth and vibrancy to her narratives.
03 Evaluation of Pearl S. Buck's English Works
The artistic value of a work
要点一
Plot Structure
The plot structures of Pearl S. Buck's works are often intricate and layered, with well-developed characters and conflicts that draw the reader into the story.
Cultural Connotations
Traditional Chinese Values
Buck's works reflect traditional Chinese values such as filial piety, community, and respect for elders. She explores how these values shape characters and influence their actions and interactions.
赛珍珠

反对传教的教师
1921年下半年,赛珍珠随丈夫布克来到南京,受聘于美国 1921年下半年,赛珍珠随丈夫布克来到南京,受聘于美国 教会所办的金陵大学,并住进了校内一幢单门独院的小楼。 教会所办的金陵大学,并住进了校内一幢单门独院的小楼。 在赛珍珠和布克三、四十年代先后离开中国之前,一直居 住在这里(即今平仓巷5 。布克(J.L.Buck)是一位农学家, 住在这里(即今平仓巷5号)。布克(J.L.Buck)是一位农学家, 教授农业技术和农场管理的课程,创办了金大农业经济系 并任系主任,因出版《中国农家经济》 并任系主任,因出版《中国农家经济》等书而被视为美国 的中国问题专家。赛珍珠则在金陵大学外语系任教,并先 中国问题专家。赛珍珠则在金陵大学外语系任教,并先 后在东南大学、中央大学等校兼职教授教育学、英文等课。 她既要备课、批改作业,又要参与社会工作,会见中外各 界人士,还要修剪家中花园的大片花草,忙得不亦乐乎。 在举行孙中山奉安大典期间,赛珍珠即在家中腾出地方, 在举行孙中山奉安大典期间,赛珍珠即在家中腾出地方, 让中国驻美大使施肇基博士和为 让中国驻美大使施肇基博士和为 孙中山遗体作防腐处理的泰勒博士住了进来。徐志摩、 孙中山遗体作防腐处理的泰勒博士住了进来。徐志摩、梅 兰芳、胡适、林语堂、老舍等人都曾是她家的座上客。 兰芳、胡适、林语堂、老舍等人都曾是她家的座上客。
生平经历
赛珍珠是以中文为母语之一的著名美国作家。本 名珀尔·布克Pea 名珀尔·布克Pea rl Sydenstricker Buck。赛珍珠以 Buck。赛珍珠以 英文姓氏为姓(其父即名赛兆祥),取pearl中文 英文姓氏为姓(其父即名赛兆祥),取pearl中文 意思珍珠,合成自己的姓氏。赛珍珠 意思珍珠,合成自己的姓氏。赛珍珠出生于弗吉 赛珍珠出生于弗吉 尼亚州西部,4 尼亚州西部,4个月后,随传教士父母赛兆祥和卡 洛琳来到中国。先后在清江浦、镇江、宿州、南 京、庐山等地生活和工作了近40年,其中在镇江 京、庐山等地生活和工作了近40年,其中在镇江 生活了18年,她在镇江经历了她人生的早期岁月, 生活了18年,她在镇江经历了她人生的早期岁月, 因此她称镇江是她的“中国故乡” 因此她称镇江是她的“中国故乡”。她童年的大 部分时光都在那里度过,首先学会了汉语和习惯 了中国风俗,然后她母亲才教她英语。值得一提 的是,从她主动支持美 1972年,尼克松访华以后,她主动支持美 国国家广播公司(NBC)的专题“重新看中国” 国国家广播公司(NBC)的专题“重新看中国” 节目,并积极申请访华。但是由于当时的 政治氛围,她的访华申请遭到了拒绝。 1973年 1973年5月6日她抑郁中去世于佛蒙特州的 丹比(Danby,Vermont),葬于宾西法尼亚 丹比(Danby,Vermont),葬于宾西法尼亚 州普凯西的绿山农场。再也没有机会回到 她热爱的中国大地。她病逝后,按其遗愿, 墓碑上只镌刻“赛珍珠” 墓碑上只镌刻“赛珍珠”三个汉字。
赛珍珠的美丽与哀愁

美丽与哀愁
赛珍珠(Pearl S. Buck或Pearl Buck)(1892年6月26日-1973年3月6 日),直译珀尔·巴克,美国作家。1932 年借其小说《大地》(The Good Earth),获得普利策小说奖;1938年 获诺贝尔文学奖。她也是唯一同时获得
普利策奖和诺贝尔奖的女作家,作品流 传语种最多的美国作家。
老人不断地咳嗽,一直等到水开了才停下来。王龙把一些开
水舀到碗里,然后,过了一会儿,他打开放在灶台边上一个发亮
的小罐子,从里面拿出十来片拳曲了的干叶子,撒在开水上面。
老人贪婪地睁大眼睛,但立刻便开始抱怨起来。
“你为什么这样浪费呢?喝茶叶好比吃银子呀。”
他绕锅台走过去,从厨房的墙角拣了一把放在那里的干草和
树叶,细心地放到灶口里面,不让一片树叶露在外边。然后,他
用一个旧火镰打着火种,塞进干草,火苗便窜了上来。
这是他必须烧火的最后一个早晨。自从六年前他母亲死后,
每天早晨他都要烧火。他烧火,煮开水,把水倒进碗里端到他父
亲的房间;他父亲坐在床边,一边咳嗽一边在地上摸着穿他的鞋
硬又黑。在这个灶的上面,放着一口又深又圆的铁锅。
王龙用瓢从旁边的瓦罐里往锅里添了半锅水;水是珍贵的,他舀 水时非常小心。然后,他犹豫了一下,突然把瓦罐提起,一下子 把水全倒在锅里。这天他要把整个身子都洗洗。从他还是个在母 亲膝上的小孩时起,谁都没有看见过他的整个身子。今天有人要 看见,他要把身子洗得干干净净的。
龙生养很多的孩子。王龙停下来,呆呆地想着孩子们在三间屋里
跑进跑出。自从他母亲死后,三间屋子对他们总显得太多,有一
半空荡荡的。他们一直不得不抵制人口多的亲戚他的叔父,因为
Pearl S Buck

未着陆的尴尬——从赛珍珠作品《大地》评论看中西文化交流引言:赛珍珠,1892年6月26日出生于美国,4个月时即跟随传教士父母来中国淮安,在中国长大。
曾长期在镇江生活,视镇江为自己的家乡。
期间在镇江、庐山牯岭和上海,生活和学习过。
一直到1909年才回到美国读大学。
毕业后因母亲生病,马上回到中国教书。
1917年与美国青年农学家布克在镇江结婚后,随夫来到安徽宿县工作、生活,后来到金陵大学教授英语和神学。
1923年开始写作。
1930年出版第一部小说《东风·西风》,1931年出版《大地》,1936年《放逐》、《战斗的天使》。
1938年因《大地》三部曲获诺贝尔文学奖。
1927年至1932年,耗时5年,翻译《水浒传》。
1935年离开南京,回到美国。
但一直笔耕不辍。
致力于慈善事业,1973年在美国逝世。
尼克松总统这样评价赛珍珠:“一座沟通东西方文明的人桥……一位伟大的艺术家,一位敏感而富于同情心的人”。
(耿伟,2009)赛珍珠的一生辗转于中国和美国两个世界,但是两个世界长久以来都未对她和她的作品作出公正的评价。
本文拟就赛珍珠作品《大地》在中西方的评论来一窥端倪,并期待对当下的中西文化交流有所启示。
一.《大地》简介赛珍珠《大地》三部曲分别为:《大地》、《儿子们》、《分家》。
1931年或美国普利策奖,1938年获得诺贝尔文学奖。
《大地》是最有名的一部。
据联合国教科文组织统计,这部作品是被翻译得最多的文学作品之一,已经有60多个国家翻译出版。
(王逢振,1986:153).诺贝尔文学奖的颁奖词是这样的:“因其对中国农民生活的丰富而真实的史诗般的描写,因其杰出的传记作品”。
《大地》这部小说主要描绘了农民王龙由贫困起家到发家隆盛的历史。
贫农王龙娶了富人家的灶下丫头阿兰。
因为他俩的勤劳,家境一天天好起来。
但是,一场大旱逼迫他们一家逃到城市,在那里,王龙拉车,阿兰带着孩子行乞。
一家过着狗一样的日子。
不料有一天,王龙意外地抢到一包“金洋”,于是,他们重新回到家乡,买下土地,开始过上富裕的生活。
赛珍珠简介

赛珍珠(Pearl S. Buck或Pearl Buck)(1892年6月26日-1973年3月6日),直译珀尔·巴克,美国作家。
1932年借其小说《大地》(The Good Earth),成为第一位获得普利策小说奖的女性;1938年获诺贝尔文学奖。
她也是唯一同时获得普利策奖和诺贝尔奖的女作家,作品流传语种最多的美国作家。
赛珍珠出生于弗吉尼亚州西部,4个月后,随传教士父母赛兆祥和卡洛琳来到中国。
先后在清江浦、镇江、宿州、南京、庐山等地生活和工作了近40年,其中在镇江生活了18年,她在镇江经历了她人生的早期岁月,因此她称镇江是她的“中国故乡”。
她童年的大部分时光都在那里度过,首先学会了汉语和习惯了中国风俗,然后她母亲才教她英语。
值得一提的是,从幼年起,她就在鼓励声中开始写作。
17岁回美国进弗吉尼亚州伦道夫·梅康女子学院(Randolph-Macon Woman's College)攻读心理学,毕业后又来中国。
1917年与传教士约翰·洛辛·布克结婚,从事传教工作。
婚后随丈夫迁居安徽北部的宿县(今安徽省宿州市),在此期间的生活经历成为日后闻名世界的《大地》的素材。
1921年秋她的母亲去世后,全家迁至南京。
1927年北伐军进入南京,她离开中国。
自1921年至1935年,她与布克(J. L. Buck) 长期居住在所执教的金陵大学分配给他们的两层楼房里。
在这里她写出了于1938年荣获诺贝尔文学奖的长篇小说《大地(Gread Earth) 三部曲》等小说,并最早将《水浒传》翻译成英文在西方出版。
1934年与布克离婚;1935年与约翰·戴公司总经理、《亚细亚》杂志主编理查·沃尔什结婚,因而进入约翰·戴公司任编辑。
以后在宾夕法尼亚州的农庄里从事写作。
1934年由于中国条件较差以及为了亲近她的女儿以及Richard Walsh,赛珍珠告别了中国,回国定居。
为赛珍珠的_误译_正名

2003年5月第19卷 第3期四川外语学院学报Journal of S ichuan International S tudies UniversityMay,2003V ol119 N o.3为赛珍珠的“误译”正名马红军(河北大学外国语学院,河北保定 071002)提 要:美国女作家赛珍珠一生致力于将中国文化介绍到西方,也因此被誉为“沟通中西方文化的人桥”。
尽管她的英译作品《水浒传》在西方享有很高声誉,在我国翻译界却一直饱受非议;这在很大程度上源于译作中一个莫须有的“误译”。
因此有必要介绍赛氏英译《水浒传》的翻译目的、翻译风格及过程,评述“误译”的发现及其传播经过,并对“误译”说加以澄清。
关键词:赛珍珠;《水浒传》;误译中图分类号:H08513 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-3831(2003)03-0122-05I n defense of Pearl S.Buck’s“mistranslation”MA Hong2junAbstract:Pearl S.Buck,who dev oted herself to bringing Chinese culture to the Western w orld,has been reputed as“the human bridge that connects the Chinese and Western cultures”.Her English translation of Shuihuzhuan(All Men Are Brother s),though highly praised in the West,has always met with challenges from the Chinese translation critics.T o a great extent,this was resulted from an assumed“mistranslation”in her w ork.This paper,by tracing Mrs.Buck’s translation purpose,style,procedures,the discovery and spread of her“mistranslation,”aims to clarify the issue of the assumed“mistranslation.”K ey w ords:Pearl S.Buck;All Men Are Brother s;mistranslation 赛珍珠(1892~1973)因其“对中国农民生活史诗般的描述,这描述是真实而取材丰富的,以及她传记方面的杰作”而荣获1938年诺贝尔文学奖。
Pearl.S.buck
1944年 52岁 7月7日,抗战七周年,“东西方协会”将九个州州长等美国名人支持中国抗战 的信函送往重庆。 1967年 75岁 赛珍珠将自己的大部分收入约700万美元移交给赛珍珠基金会,以促进、推 动基金会开展工作。 1972年 80岁 尼克松总统宣布访华后,赛珍珠不顾年迈,同意主持美国国家广播公司(NB C)专题节目“重新看中国”,积极准备重新访华,但未能获淮成行。 1973年 81岁 3月6日,逝世于佛蒙特州丹比城,骨灰安葬在宾夕法尼亚州费城郊区绿丘农 庄[1]
在举行孙中山奉安大典期间,赛珍珠即在家中腾出地方,让 中国驻美大使施肇基博士和为孙中山遗体作防腐处理的泰勒 博士住了进来。 徐志摩、梅兰芳、胡适、林语堂、老舍等人都曾是她家的座 上客。
描写的是19世纪一个中国农夫挣扎求生存
的故事,绝对是大手笔.
其中赛珍珠用力最多、写得最精彩的是第
一部,有34章,第二部次之,有29章,第 三部又等而下之,才4章。
能是把黑暗的一面深化,把光明的一面西化(我 自己的评价,可能偏颇)让外国人比较容易接 受——这也是必然的,正常的,生活所需的行为 哪个地方的人类都能接受,但是信仰和风俗类的 东西就很容易被异化进而妖魔化。
当然,这是外国人的评价,在我们自己看来,可
小说《大地》的故事梗概
一个名叫王龙的贫苦农民从地主黄家娶回一个丫
想让别人伤心有很多种方法。小说里满是被爱情
There
is an alchemy in sorrow. It can be transmuted into wisdom, which, if it does not bring joy, can yet bring happiness. 带来快乐,却同样能带来幸福。
Pearl-S.Buck赛珍珠个人介绍英文
Paul Muni as Wang Lung, a farmer
Tilly Losch as Lotus
Luise Rainer as O-Lan, Wang Lung's wife
Charley Grapewin as Old Father, Wang Lung's parent
Walter Connolly as Wang Lung's uncle
In 1934, Pearl moved permanently to the US. From the day of her move to the US, Pearl was active in American civil rights and women's rights activities.
Her novel The Good Earth(大地) was the best-selling fiction book in the U.S. in 1931 and 1932, and won the Pulitzer Prize(普利策奖1932) in 1932. In 1938, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize(1938) in Literature, "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces."
电影珍藏 赛珍珠《大地(1937)》(The Good Earth)
Directed by: 维克托·弗莱明(Victor Fleming),西德尼·富兰克林(Sydney Franklin)
赛珍珠英文简介(introduciton of pearl s buck)
One of the most popular American authors of her day, humanitarian, crusader for women's rights, editor of Asia magazine, philanthropist, noted for her novels of life in China. Pearl S. Buck was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938. The decision of the Swedish Academy stirred controversy, especially among critics who believed that Buck lacked the stature the Nobel Prize was intended to confirm. Nowadays Buck's books are generally considered dated although attempts have been made to rehabilitate her work."One does not live half a life in Asia without return. When it would be I did not know, nor even where it would be, or to what cause. In our changing world nothing changes more than geography. The friendly country of China, the home of my childhood and youth, is for the time being forbidden country. I refuse to call it enemy country. The people in my memory are too kind and the land too beautiful." (from A Bridge for Passing, 1963)Pearl S. Buck was born in Hillsboro, West Virginia. She spent her youth in China, in Chinkiang on the Yangtse River. She learned to speak Chinese before she could speak English. Her parents were missionaries. Buck's father, Absalom Sydenstricker, was a humorless, scholarly man who spent years translating the Bible from Greek to Chinese. Her mother, the former Caroline Stulting, had travelled widely in her youth and had a fondness for literature. Buck's life in China was not always pleasant. When she was only a child, the family was forced to flee from the rebel forces of the Boxer Rebellion.After being educated by her mother and by a Chinese tutor, who was a Confucian scholar, Buck was sent to a boarding school in Shanghai (1907-09) at the age of fifteen. She also worked for the Door of Hope, a shelter for Chinese slave girls and prostitutes. Buck continued her education in the United States at Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Virginia, where she studied psychology. After graduating in 1914, she returned to China as a teacher for the Presbyterian Board of Missions. Her mother was seriouslyill and Buck spent two years taking care of her.Buck married Dr. John Lossing Buck, an agricultural expert, devoted to his work. When her mother recovered, they settled in a village in the North China. Buck worked as a teacher and interpreter for her husband and travelled through the countryside. During this period China took steps toward liberal reform, especially through the May 4th Movement of 1917 to 1921. In the 1920s the Bucks moved to Nanking, where she taught English and American literature at the university. In 1924 she returned to the United States to seek medical care for her first daughter, who was mentally retarded. In 1926 she received her M.A. in literature from Cornell University.The Bucks went back to China in 1927. During the civil war, they were evacuated to Japan – Buck never returned to China. In 1935 Buck divorced her first husband and married her publisher and the president of John Day Company, Richard Walsh, with whom she moved to Pennsylvania.As a writer Buck started with the novel EAST WIND: WEST WIND (1930), which received critical recognition. She had earlier published autobiographical writings in magazines and a story entitled 'A Chinese Woman Speaks' in the Asia Magazine. Her breakthrough novel, THE GOOD EARTH, appeared in 1931. Its style, a combination of biblical prose and the Chinese narrative saga, increased the dignity of its characters. The book gained a wide audience, and was made into a motion picture.In 1936 Buck was made a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. She became in 1938 the third American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, following Sinclair Lewis and Eugene O'Neill. In 1951 she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. During World War II she lectured and wrote on democracy and American attitudes toward Asia.It has been said, that Buck introduced the theme of women's corporality into 20th century literature. Another major theme was interracial love. Through her personal experiences, Buck had much first-hand knowledge of the relationships between men and women from differentcultures. In THE HIDDEN FLOWER (1952) a Japanese family is overset when the daughter falls in love with an American soldier. THE ANGRY WIFE (1949) was about the love of Bettina, a former slave, and Tom, a southerner who fought for the army of the North.Buck and Walsh were active in humanitarian causes through the East and West Association, which was devoted to mutual understanding between the peoples of Asia and the United States, Welcome House, and The Pearl Buck Foundation. A friend of Eleanor Roosevelt, Margaret Mead, and Paul Robeson, she also advocated the rights of women and racial equality before the civil rights movement. As a consequence of these activities, the F.B.I. kept detailed files on her for years.After the communist revolution in China, Buck became disillusioned about the chances for international cooperation. THE PATRIOT (1939) focused on the emotional development of an university student, whose idealism is crushed by the brutalities of war. Buck gradually shifted her activities to a lifelong concern for children. She coined the word ''Amerasian'' and raised millions of dollars for the adoption and fostering of Amerasian children, often abandoned by their American fathers stationed in the Far East. Buck's own family included nine adopted children as well as her biological daughters. THE CHILD WHO NEVER GREW (1950) told a personal story of her own daughter, whose mental development stopped at the age of four. The subject is also dealt with in Buck's famous novel The Good Earth. The book was filmed in 1937. Irving Thalberg had wanted to produce the novel since the 1931 publication. Thalberg employed many Chinese as extras and authentic background shots were made in China. Luise Rainer won an Academy Award for best actress. Buck did not first complain her small royalty, until years later, when MGM ignored her plea for a substantial donation to help Amerasian children.The Good Earth(1931) sold 1,800,000 copies in its first year. It has been translated into more than thirty languages and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1932. The story follows the life of Wang Lung, from his beginnings as an impoverished peasant to his eventualposition as a prosperous landowner. Wang Lung collects a slave, O-lan, from the prosperous house of Hwang. O-lan's parents sold her to Hwang because they were poor and needed money. According to an old Chinese custom, Wang Lung's and O-lan's marriage is pre-arranged. The fiancée is not beautiful, she is humble but shares with him the devotion to land, to duty, and to survival. First year is happy: the crop is good and they have two sons. Then the crops fail, and O-lan gives birth to a girl. The family moves to south, and the man abandons the plan to sell the child. Revolution breaks out, houses are plundered, and Wang Lung gets in his possession a silver treasure. The family returns to their home region. Wang Lung buys land and soon owns also the house of now impoverished Hwang. The only problem is their retarded child, a girl, who don't speak. O-lan gives birth to twins, a boy and a girl. The elder boys go to school. Wang Lung buys another wife, Lotus. O-lan is not well after the birth of the twins, and she dies after the wedding of her sons. In his old days, Wang Lung gives his love to a young slave girl, who also takes care of the retarded girl. His youngest son moves from the house to become a soldier and because he also loves the young slave girl. Old Wang Lung witnesses for his sorrow that his children do not share his unyielding devotion to the land. - The novel was followed by two sequels, SONS (1932), which focused on the youngest son, Wang the Tiger, and A HOUSE DIVIDED (1935), which was Yuan's story. The three novels were published in 1935 in one volume as THE HOUSE OF EARTH. At her death Buck was working on 'The Red Earth', a further sequel to The Good Earth, presenting the modern-day descendants of that novel's characters.After Walsh's death, Buck formed a relationship with Ted Harris, a dance instructor 40 years her junior, who took charge of the Pearl S. Buck Foundation. Buck died at the age of eighty in Danby, Vermont, on March 6, 1973. Her manuscripts and papers are at the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, Hillsboro, West Virginia and the Lipscomb Library of Randolph-Macon Women's College, Lynchburg, Virginia."I feel no need for any other faith than my faith in human beings, Buck said in 1939. "Like Confucius of old, I am so absorbed in the wonder of earth and the life upon it thatI cannot think of heaven and the angels... If there is no other life, then this one has been enough to make it worth being born, myself a human being." During her career as an author, spanning forty years, Buck published eighty works, including novels, plays, short story collections, poems, children's books, and biographies. She also wrote five novels under the name John Sedges and translated Lo Guangzhong's (1330-1400) The Water Margin / Men of the Marshes, which appeared in 1933 under the title All Men Are Brothers. The book depicts adventures of outlaws and was banned by Sung rulers. COMMAND THE MORNING (1959) concerned the efforts of the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb and the ethics of dropping it on Japan. THE CHINESE NOVEL (1939) was largely an explanation of her own writing style.For further reading:Pearl S. Buck by Kang Liao (1997); Pearl S. Buck: A Cultural Biography by Peter Conn (1996); World Authors 1900-1950, ed. by M. Seymour-Smith and A.C. Kimmens (1996); The Several Worlds of Pearl S. Buck, ed. by Elizabeth J. Lipscomb (1994); Pearl S. Buck: Good Earth Mother by W. Sherk (1992); Pearl Buck. A Woman in Conflict by N.B. Stirling (1989); Pearl S. Buck: The Final Chapter by Beverly E. Rizzon (1988); The Lives of Pearl Buck by I. Block (1973); Pearl S. Buck by P. Doyle (1980; Pearl S. Buck: A Biography by T. Harris (1971); Pearl S. Buck by T.F. Harris (1969); Pearl S. Buck by P.A. Doyle (1965); The Image of the Chinese Family in Pearl Buck's Novels by C. Doan (1964) - Other film adaptations: China Sky, 1945, dir. by Ray Enright, starring Randolph Scott, Ellen Drew。
PearlSBuck赛珍珠个人介绍英文
Pearl Buck died in March, 1973, just two months before her
eighty-first birthday. By the time of her death in 1973, Pearl would publish over seventy books: novels, collections of stories, biography and autobiography, poetry, drama, children's literature, and translations from the Chinese. She is buried at Green Hills Farm.
The Good Earth
The Good Earth is a novel by Pearl S. Buck published in 1931
and awarded the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel in 1932. The best selling novel in the United States in both 1931 and 1932, it was an influential factor in Buck winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938. It is the first book in a trilogy that includes Sons (1932) and A House Divided (1935).
Her novel The Good Earth(大地) was the best-selling fiction book in the U.S. in 1931 and 1932, and won the Pulitzer Prize(普利策奖1932) in 1932. In 1938, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize(1938) in Literature, "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces."
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赛珍珠(1892-1973)女。
出生于美国弗吉尼亚州,3个月时即被身为传教士的双亲带到中国。
在双语环境中长大,是以中文为母语之一的著名美国作家。
曾回美四年接受高等教育。
自1919年至1935年,她与丈夫卜凯(J. L. Buck) 长期居住在所执教的金陵大学分配给他们的两层楼房里。
在这里她写出了于1938年荣获诺贝尔文学奖的长篇小说《大地(Great Earth) 三部曲》等小说,并最早将《水浒传》翻译成英文在西方出版。
一生著译作品70余部。
她病逝后,按其遗愿,墓碑上只镌刻“赛珍珠”三个汉字。
反对传教的教师
1919年下半年,赛珍珠随丈夫卜凯来到南京,受聘于美国教会所办的金陵大学,并住进了校内一幢单门独院的小楼。
在赛珍珠和卜凯三、四十年代先后离开中国之前,一直居住在这里(即今平仓巷5号)。
卜凯(J.L.Buck)是一位农学家,教授农业技术和农场管理的课程,创办了金大农业经济系并任系主任,因出版《中国农家经济》等书而被视为美国的中国问题专家。
赛珍珠则在金陵大学外语系任教,并先后在东南大学、中央大学等校兼职教授教育学、英文等课。
她既要备课、批改作用,又要参与社会工作,会见中外各界人士,还要修剪家中花园的大片花草,忙得不亦乐乎。
在举行孙中山奉安大典期间,赛珍珠即在家中腾出地方,让中国驻美大使施肇基博士和为孙中山遗体作防腐处理的泰勒博士住了进来。
徐志摩、梅兰芳、胡适、林语堂、老舍等人都曾是她家的座上客。
赛珍珠最喜欢教的课是英文,因为这门课有着极大的发挥空间,可以充分“表现”她的渊博学识和过人的口才。
当然也曾有学生认为她上英文课是“海阔天空,离题万里”而告到了校长室去。
她自认为“上得较为逊色”的是宗教课。
在给纽约传教董事会的工作汇报中,赛珍珠直言不讳地说:“对在课堂上传授宗教知识的整套方法,我深表不满。
”她认为“和正规的宗教课相比,在教育学课上传授宗教知识则更胜一筹”。
这引起了董事会的不满,董事会很不客气地告诫赛珍珠:“只有正规地传授神学才算正道。
”赛珍珠没有屈服于压力,在力争无效的情况下,愤而辞去了宗教课的教职。
对此,陈裕光校长和许多外籍教师都深感惋惜。
但是在中国、美国许多地方,赛珍珠都仍然公开声称她极为讨厌那些“喋喋不休的布道”,说布道只会“扼杀思想,蛊惑人心,在中国教会里制造出一批伪君子”。
她认为,“空谈无益,基督徒应该给中国人提供实实在在的服务,譬如教育、医疗和卫生”。
把《水浒传》推向世界的第一人
中国古典文学名著《水浒传》迄今已有多种外文译本,有的直译成《发生在水边的故事》,有的意译为《一百零五个男人和三个女人》。
在所有译作中,翻译得最为准确、最为精彩也是最有影响的,还当数它的第一个英译本——《四海之内皆兄弟》。
这个英译本便出自赛珍珠的笔下。
赛珍珠精通汉语,对中国小说有着极高的评价。
她在诺贝尔奖授奖仪式上的致谢词便是以《中国小说》为题的,她说:中国的古典小说与“世界任何国家的小说一样,有着不可抗拒的魅力”,“一个真正受过良好教育的人,应该知道《红楼梦》、《三国演义》这样的经典之作”。
她的这番话赢来了文学大师们的热烈掌声,因为她在数年之前翻译的《水浒传》在西方的流行,已经让人们对中国小说刮目相看了。
赛珍珠翻译《水浒传》还是20年代中后期的事情,当时南京出售着《水浒传》的好几个版本,有的只有七十回,有的长达一百二十回。
赛珍珠选择的是七十回本的《水浒传》,她
认为这个版本最好,因为较长的版本结尾大多是好汉们被朝廷招安,而七十回本则自始至终贯穿着与官府反抗到底的思想。
赛珍珠之所以选定《水浒传》来翻译,既有艺术上的考虑,也有“政治上”的因素。
《水浒传》的口语化文字对中国小说史具有深远的影响,赛珍珠对这种文字风格很是赞赏。
而小说的政治内容对她的吸引力则更大。
她十分清楚,“中国历史上的起义人士不管属于哪一种人,也不论他们持有什么信仰,无一不喜欢《水浒传》,毛泽东就是其中之一”。
她也听说过这样一个笑话:在首都南京有好事者散布谣言说,农民运动正在传播一首革命歌谣,诉说农民生活的艰辛:“烈日炎炎似火烧,野田禾苗半枯焦。
农夫心内如汤煮,公子王孙把扇摇。
”后来一查才发现原来它不是“马克思主义歌谣”,而是《水浒传》上的一首诗。
所以,赛珍珠认为小说的主要矛盾是“老百姓和腐败的官府之间的斗争”。
在赛珍珠眼里,梁山一百单八将类似于英国中世纪追随罗宾汉的绿林英豪,他们并非存心造反,只是受环境逼迫,万般无奈之下才揭竿而起的;他们是足智多谋、骁勇善战的公民,所反抗的是邪恶的势力和无道的社会。
在这段时间,赛珍珠除了教学之外,就是埋头翻译《水浒传》。
前后耗时五年,终于将《水浒传》翻译成了一千多页的英文。
而书的原名“水浒”通常被译成“Water Margin”,指的是书中许多事件的发生地。
赛珍珠认为书名这样去译,西方读者肯定不知所云,她先后试用过《侠盗》、《义侠》等名,但自己都不甚满意。
直到出版前不久,她才突来灵感,想到了《论语》中的一句名言:“四海之内,皆兄弟也。
”于是在纽约庄台公司1933年出版这本上、下两卷的译著时即以All Men Are Brothers为名。
这是《水浒传》的第一个英文全译本,在美国很是畅销,从中国杀将过去的这批“梁山好汉”,一下子就“窜”上了美国权威的“每月图书俱乐部”的排行榜。
诞生于中国《大地》的诺贝尔文学奖
1938年度诺贝尔文学奖的获得者是一位女士——获奖作品是中国题材的《大地三部曲》、《异邦客》和《东风·西风》。
这位“对中国农民生活进行了史诗般的描述”,“为中国题材小说作出了开拓性贡献”的获奖者就是赛珍珠,曾经在金陵大学执教的美国人Pearl Buck。
而她的所有获奖作品也大都是她在金陵大学一边教书、一边创作写成的。
赛珍珠开始写作生涯时,适逢一场不同寻常的世界性文化风潮。
她读过陈独秀、胡适等人在《新青年》上发表的文章。
对于中国的新文化运动,她认为这是“现代中国的一股新生力量”,将会释放出“被压抑了许多世纪的能量”。
她谙熟汉语,对中国古典文学所知甚多,又和新文化运动中的人物接触频繁,这都有利于她对周围掀起的风暴作出判断。
于是她便在平仓巷5号小阁楼的窗台下,摆放一架打字机,面对紫金山,沉入了对作品的构思之中。
1923年赛珍珠写出了处女作《也在中国》,此后便屡屡有作品发表。
1927年春北伐军攻克南京时,社会失去了控制,对于许多外国人来说真是危机四伏,所以她沦落为“洋难民”,离开了南京。
当1928年夏回到南京的家园时,尽管整座院落成了马厩和“公厕”,但她却在一个小壁橱里惊喜地翻出一个木箱。
士兵和劫匪掠走了她的大半家产,却把这个木箱留了下来,箱中完好无损地放着她在母亲去世后为其写的《凯丽的传记》一书的手稿——这部手稿排成铅字时书名便改成了《异邦客》。
赛珍珠继续创作,不久给美国的朋友戴维·劳埃德寄
去了一篇曾经在杂志上发表的小说《一位中国女子说》,同时还附上了未曾发表的续篇,建议将两者合成一部长篇,书名定为《天国之风》。
戴维·劳埃德接到《天国之风》的书稿后,分别寄给了20多个出版社,纽约的庄台公司总裁理查德·沃尔什慧眼识珠,很快便决定出版赛珍珠的《天国之风》,只是将书名定为《东风·西风》。
不久赛珍珠的新作《王龙》又从南京金陵大学寄到了纽约庄台公司,沃尔什又热情地答应出版,只是觉得《王龙》之名很难为人接受,而书名应“扣人心弦,富有浪漫情调”,建议改用“大地”之类的名字。
1931年春,装帧精美的《大地》(Gread Earth)出版,好评如潮,销量飙升,《大地》一下子成了1931年和1932年全美最畅销的书。
并且,很快就有了德文、法文、荷兰文、瑞典文、丹麦文、挪威文等译本。
庄台公司也因此从一个负责累累的出版社一跃而成为纽约著名的出版公司。
沃尔什与赛珍珠双方还愉快地订下并切实履行了这样的协议:赛珍珠写什么,他就出什么。
所以赛珍珠后来写成的《大地三部曲》之《儿子们》、《分家》以及其他多种文学作品,都是由沃尔什的公司出版的。