2018年全国新课标高考英语模拟卷(一)

2018高考英语模拟卷1第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15题：每小题2分，满分30分)ANisha Pradhan is worried．The recent college graduate just turns 21 and plans to live on her own．But she's afraid she won't be able to stay safe．That's because she isn't able to smell．Back home，her family do her smelling for her．She's moved in with them for now，but she's looking for a place of her own．"Now that I'm searching for ways or place to live as an independent person，I find that the sense of smell is important to how we live our lives，"Pradhan says．She says when she was a child she liked to eat and ate a lot．But there came a point where she lost interest in food．"One of the first things that people notice whenever they have a smell problem is that food doesn't taste rightany-more，"says Beverly Cowart，a researcher．That's because eating and smell go hand in hand．How food tastes often relies on what we smell．"When you lose your sense of smell，your whole sense of food flavor s changed and reduced，"Cowart says，"You can still taste the basic tastes．What you're missing are the small distinctions．" "When I go out to eat I have often found that that food is very tasteless to me．I never feel full，"she says．"I think a lot of us today like to pretend to be food lovers and we all like to talk about‘Oh，I think this could use a little bit more flavor，'or‘I think this has a hint of meat，'I can't really participate in those conversations，"she says．Pradam thinks her smell loss also may have affected her memory．Pradhan may be on to something，according to biologist Paul Moore．"When smell signals come in，you feel about them first．And then you think about it and then the memory is laid down．So without the feel part，the thinking about its part doesn't come．And that means no new smell memory gets created．"1.What problem does Pradhan meet with at present？______A. That she has no sense of smell．B. That she doesn't have her own house．C. That she lacks life skills to live alone．D. That she is too nervous to live alone．2.What can we infer from what Beverly Cowart said？______A. People with a smell problem have no food tastes．B. Lack of smell sense makes eating a dull experience．C. Different food tastes the same for people of smell loss．D. People feel hungry easily for lack of smell sense．3.When eating out，Pradhan ______ ．A. has a sense of being full quicklyB. often has a good appetiteC. pretends to have good smell senseD. feels left out sometimes4.What does the underlined sentence mean______A. Pradhan may be crazy．B. Pradhan may be foolish．C. Pradhan may be right．D. Pradhan may be forgettable．BNowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods (GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms(有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by geneticengineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a non-specific but stable change. For many people, the high-tech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical(伦理的), health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U.S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U.S. this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world’s population reached 6 billion. The U.N. states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don’t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defects. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.5.The passage mainly talks about ________.A. the world’s food problemB. the development in biotechC. the genetically modified foodsD. the way to solve food shortages6.According to the passage, GM foods ________.A. are far better than naturally grown foodsB. will replace naturally grown foodsC. may help to solve the problem of poor nutritionD. can cause serious trouble in developing countries7.The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that________.A. GM foods are available everywhereB. the technology in producing GM foods is advancedC. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powersD. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets8.What’s the writer’s attitude towards GM foods?A. Cautious.B. Enthusiastic.C. Disapproving.D. Unbelievable.CChildren today spend less time outdoors than ever before and it may be harmful not only to their physical health, but also to their cognitive development.A year-long study, recently published in the Sciences, found that elementary school children who were exposed to more green space within or directly outside their school showed improved learning and memory. The findings reinforce that of a recent six-year study on 905 Massachusetts public elementary schools, which found that students in schools that had more “greenness” in their surroundings reported higher scores on standardized testing in English and math. “There is an expanding body of scientific evidence linking the human experience in the natural world to better physical and mental health and improved cognitive abilities,” journalist Richard Louv, co-founder of the Children & Nature Network, said in an email to The Huffington Post. “An increasing number of homeschoolers, nature preschools, independent primary and secondary schools, and forward-thinking public schools are incorporating (并入) nature experience into learning.”The new study was conducted on more than 2,500 children in second, third and fourth grade at 36 primary schools in Barcelona, Spain. Researchers found that the students who attended schools with more green space showed a 5 percent improvement in the short-term memory that’s critical for reasoning, learning and comprehension. But their inattentiveness decreased slightly.Spending time outside could have a number of benefits for children beyond improved memory and attention. Another recent study found that adventurous outdoor play such as climbing, rough and tumble (翻筋斗) play, and exploring alone improves children’s physical health while also help them develop creativity and social skills greatly.Some schools are starting to take notice, creating more space for children to enjoy being in nature, including community gardens, outdoor playgrounds and small parks.9.What did the study lasting a year find?A. The cognitive abilities of children today decreased.B. The findings of another six-year study were incorrect.C. Being exposed to nature was beneficial to the learning of pupils.D. Students had higher scores on testing in English and math than before.10.According to the passage, what can we know about Richard Louv?A. He discourages students from getting close to nature to gain experience.B. He is one of the founders of the Children & Nature Network.C. He conducted the study on 905 Massachusetts public elementary schools.D. He often contributes articles to The Huffington Post.11.Spending time in green space may have little effect on children’s __________.A. inattentivenessB. creativityC. communicationD. learning12.In which column of a newspaper can you see this article?A. Entertainment.B. Travel.C. Parenting.D. Education.DThe Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeds to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effects”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects----a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen---is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery, " he says. “We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.”13.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_____________A. doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patientsˈ pain.B. it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.C. the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.D. patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.14.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they __________.A. manage their patients incompetentlyB. give patients more medicine than neededC. reduce drug dosages for their patientsD. prolong the needless suffering of the patients15.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A.Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patientsˈ death.B. Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.C. The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.D. A doctorˈs medication is no longer justified by his intentions.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。