2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读十
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三六
Japanese commuters try new ways to deter gropers日本通勤族尝试用新方法防止性骚扰Victims are fighting back with apps,badges and invisible ink受害者正在用应用程序、徽章和隐形墨水来反击Throughout her20s,Yayoi Matsunaga was groped,almost daily,on packed rush-hour trains going to and from work.Three decades later,she discovered that her friend’s daughter was being molested on her commute to high school.在松永弥生20多岁的时候，她几乎每天都会在上下班高峰拥挤的列车上被人骚扰。
30年过去了，她发现她朋友的女儿仍会在上高中的通勤路上被人骚扰。
The teenager,after fruitless talks with the police and railway companies, decided to hang a sign from her bag that read:“Groping is a crime.I will not cry myself to sleep.”The groping stopped immediately.在与警方和铁路部门交涉无果后，这名女孩决定在她的书包上挂一个牌子，上面写着：“性骚扰就是犯罪，我不会暗自哭泣的。
”效果立竿见影。
Inspired,Ms Matsunaga launched a crowdfunding campaign in2015to create badges with the same message.They proved as effective as the sign: nearly95%of users stopped experiencing groping on public transport, according to a survey.受此启发，松永弥生在2015年发起了一项众筹活动，制作带有相同信息的徽章。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读十二
Berlin’s brave bikers柏林勇敢的骑行者The German capital wants drivers to stop killing cyclists德国首都希望司机不再杀害骑行者If the streets are safer,more people will pedal如果路上可以更安全，更多的人会选择骑车出行T eddybears,candles and flowers are piled up around a white-painted bike on the side of the road.This is a memorial to an eight-year-old boy who died after being hit by a truck while cycling with his mother to school.路边一辆白色自行车旁摆着一些泰迪熊、蜡烛和鲜花。
这是为了追悼一名8岁的小男孩，他是在和母亲骑车上学的途中被一辆卡车撞死的。
These white“ghost bikes”are dotted around Berlin at spots where cyclists have perished.In2018nearly one cyclist a month died on the roads of Germany’s capital.这些白色的“幽灵自行车”分布在柏林街头各个骑行者的身亡之处。
2018年，平均每个月约有一名骑行者死在德国首都的街头。
Berlin’s state government,a three-way Social-Democrat,Green and Left Party coalition,is promising a“transport revolution”to reduce the number of road deaths to zero.柏林州政府（一个由社会民主党、绿党和左翼党组成的三方联合政府）承诺要进行一场“交通革命”，将道路死亡人数降为零。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一一二
How to reveal a country’s sense,over the years,of its own well-being 如何揭开一个国家多年来的主观幸福感Read its books.By computer利用计算机扫描其书刊Do a country’s inhabitants get happier as it gets richer?Most governments seem to believe so,given their relentless focus on increasing GDP year by year.Reliable,long-term evidence linking wealth and happiness is,however,lacking.And measuring well-being is itself fraught with problems,since it often relies on surveys that ask participants to assess their own levels of happiness subjectively.一个国家越富有，其人民就越幸福吗？鉴于大多数政府都坚持不懈地致力于逐年提高GDP，它们似乎是认同这一点的。
然而，我们尚缺乏能够证明财富与幸福相关联的可靠而长期的证据。
衡量幸福感本身就存在很多问题，因为它往往依赖于要求参与者主观评估自己幸福水平的调查。
Daniel Sgroi of the University of Warwick and Eugenio Proto of the University of Glasgow,both in Britain,think,nevertheless,that they have an answer.尽管如此，英国华威大学的丹尼尔·斯格里和格拉斯哥大学的尤金尼奥·普罗托认为他们找到了答案。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Ask people to name someone they find charming and the answers are often predictable. There’s James Bond, the fictional spy with a penchant for shaken martinis. Maybe they’ll mention Oprah Winfrey, Bill Clinton or a historical figure, like the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. or Mahatma Gandhi. Now ask the same people to describe, in just a few seconds, what makes these charmers so likable.要是你让人说出一个他心目中有魅力的人的名字，答案通常都可以预测。
有人会说詹姆斯·邦德，那个偏爱摇酒法调制的马提尼的虚构的间谍。
也许会有人提到欧普拉·温弗里，比尔·克林顿，或是某个历史人物，比如小马丁·路德·金牧师，或是圣雄·甘地。
那么现在再让同一个人来用区区几秒钟描述，到底是什么特质让这些魅力十足的人物如此受人爱戴呢？It’s here, in defining what exactly charisma is, that most hit a wall. Instinctually, we know that we’re drawn to certain people more than others. Quantifying why we like them is an entirely different exercise.到此为止，在魅力到底是什么的确切定义过程中，通常就是到这里走进了死胡同。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三四
The first face-off人脸识别第一案A lawsuit against face-scans in China could have big consequences在中国，一场有关人脸识别的诉讼或将带来巨大的影响Guo Bing,a legal academic in the eastern city of Hangzhou,likes to spend his leisure time at a local safari park.But when the park informed season-pass holders like him that admission would require a face-scan,Mr Guo objected.郭兵是中国东部城市杭州市的一名法律学者，他平日里喜欢在当地的野生动物园度过闲暇时光。
但当动物园告知像他这样的年卡用户需要扫脸入园时，郭先生无法接受。
Late last month he filed a lawsuit,claiming the new rules violated his privacy.Facial-recognition technology is widely used in izens have been hailing Mr Guo as a champion of consumer rights.A thread about his suit has garnered100m views on Weibo,a social-media platform.上月底，他以新规定侵犯其隐私为由向法院提起了诉讼。
人脸识别技术在中国已经得到了广泛的应用。
网友们纷纷称赞郭兵是消费者权益的捍卫者。
在社交媒体平台新浪微博上，一条关于他诉讼的微博获得了1亿次的点击量。
It is surprising that it has taken so long for the judiciary to get involved. Some300tourist sites in China use facial recognition to admit visitors.The safari park says doing so can shorten queues.令人惊讶的是，司法部门过了这么久才介入其中。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二三
Why an“Uber for tailors”is gaining ground in Lagos“裁缝优步”为何能在拉各斯发展起来？“Rich and poor,everyone has a tailor here,”says Olajire Omikunle,a couturier for Nigeria’s powerful.So great is the appeal of a well-cut outfit in Lagos,Nigeria’s commercial centre,that roadside stitchers rove the streets armed with their sewing machines and clicking their large scissors to drum up customers.尼日利亚颇具影响力的服装设计师奥拉吉尔·奥米昆勒说：“无论贫富，这里的每个人都有自己的裁缝。
”在尼日利亚的商业中心拉各斯，一套剪裁考究的服装如此具有吸引力，以至于街头裁缝们会带着他们的缝纫机在街道上来回穿梭，并拿着大剪刀咔嚓咔嚓地招揽着顾客。
David Peterside,a local entrepreneur,hopes to capitalise on this sartorial obsession with a new app that is being dubbed an“Uber for tailors”.Fashion Map allows natty Nigerians to find a suitmaker at the press of a button.当地企业家戴维·彼得赛德希望借着人们对服装的痴迷，开发一款名为“裁缝优步”的新应用。
整洁时髦尼日利亚人只需按下一个按钮，便能在时尚地图上找到一位裁缝。
It may be a perfect fit for Africa’s most populous country.Nigeria has a fast-growing base of smartphone users and“over100,000registered tailors”,says Otunba Wasiu Taiwo of the Nigeria Union of Tailors.“We are still counting.”该应用或许非常适合这个非洲人口最多的国家。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二六
Defending Switzerland’s coffee stockpile捍卫瑞士的咖啡储备If disaster strikes,the Swiss want to be caffeinated当灾难来袭时，瑞士人需要咖啡因To defend their independence the Swiss have mountains,conscription and a fierce sense of self-reliance.They also have a vast stockpile of food, medicine,animal feed and cooking oil,which they have maintained since the1920s.This makes sieges easier to withstand,but costs a fortune.瑞士人靠着山脉、兵役制度和强烈的自力更生精神捍卫着国家的主权独立。
自上世纪20年代以来，瑞士一直保持着大量的食品、药品、动物饲料和食用油储备。
这使得瑞士更容易抵御敌人的围攻，但这同时代价不菲。
So in April the Federal Office for National Economic Supply announced a plan to trim it a little.In future,it suggested,it would no longer pay for a huge emergency supply of coffee.This wonderful drink,it claimed,is not “vital for life”.因此，今年4月，瑞士联邦国家经济供应办公室宣布了一项略微削减开支的计划。
它表示，今后将废除紧急物资储备中的咖啡储备。
理由则是，这种美味的饮品并不是“攸关生死的”。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三五
Research suggests happy employees are good for firms and investors 研究表明，快乐的员工对公司和投资者都有好处There is an old joke about a new arrival in Hell,who is given the choice by Satan of two different working environments.In the first,frazzled workers shovel huge piles of coal into a fiery furnace.In the second,a group of workers stand,waist-deep in sewage,sipping cups of tea.有个老笑话讲的是一个刚下地狱的人，撒旦让他在两种不同的工作环境中做出选择。
在第一个房间里，疲惫不堪的工人们要将大堆大堆的煤铲进炽热的火炉中。
在第二个房间里，一群工人站在齐腰深的污水中，啜饮着茶。
The condemned man opts,on balance,for the second room.As soon as the door closes,the foreman shouts“Right lads,tea break over.Time to stand on your heads again.”这个有罪之人在经过权衡后最终选择了第二个房间。
门一关上，工头便喊道：“伙计们，茶歇时间到了，是时候再倒立了。
”Terrible working conditions have a long tradition.Early industry was marked by its dirty,dangerous factories(dark,satanic mills).In the early 20th century workers were forced into dull,repetitive tasks by the needs of the production line.However,in a service-based economy,it makes sense that focusing on worker morale might be a much more fruitful approach.恶劣的工作环境有着悠久的传统。
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A hit TV series in China skewers cranky old parents一部在中国热播的电视连续剧讽刺了脾气古怪的老父母们Defying the cult of filial piety thrills viewers对崇尚孝道的反抗令观众们激动不已It is no mean feat to be one of the top-ten trending hashtags on Weibo, China’s equivalent of Twitter,for20consecutive days and counting.“All is Well”,a show on provincial television which premiered on March1st,has done just that.连续20天成为微博（中国版的推特）十大热门话题之一并不是一件容易的事。
3月1日，在省级电视台首播的电视连续剧《都挺好》做到了。
The show tells the story of a fictional Chinese family torn by internal conflict.The female protagonist,Su Mingyu,is barely on speaking terms with her widowed father and one of her two brothers.这部电视剧讲述了一个虚构的中国家庭因内部矛盾而走向破裂的故事。
女主角苏明玉和她丧偶的父亲以及两个哥哥中的一个关系不和。
The father is a nagging crank who expects his two adult sons to bankroll his lavish tastes.This leads to constant bickering between the brothers,neither of whom wants to be called unfilial.父亲是一个挑剔的怪老头，他希望两个成年的儿子能为他奢侈浪费的生活买单。
这导致两个兄弟之间争吵不断，他们两都不想被披上不孝的外衣。
Episodes of“All is Well”have been streamed more than390m times.That exceeds the online viewership of the next most popular television series by278m.From“The Simpsons”to“Game of Thrones”,dramas about bickering families are common in many countries.《都挺好》的剧集播放量已经超过3.9亿次。
其在线收视率比排在第二的最受欢迎的电视连续剧高出了2.78亿次。
从《辛普森一家》到《权力的游戏》，关于家庭争论的电视剧在许多国家都很常见。
But in China,the Communist Party prefers entertainment to be unchallenging.So the questioning of blind attachment to traditional values in“All is Well”is causing a stir.Viewers are transfixed by its rare portrayal of middle-class life,warts and all.但在中国，娱乐往往是不具挑战性的。
因此，在电视剧《都挺好》中，对盲目追求传统价值观的质疑引起了人们的轰动。
该剧对中产阶级罕见的写照（不论是缺点还是其他方面）让观众们感到震撼。
Many Chinese can relate to the Su family’s troubles.The daughter holds a grudge against her father,and especially against her late mother,for having mistreated her while pampering her brothers.许多中国人都能理解苏家的烦恼。
女儿对父亲抱有怨恨，对已故的母亲更是怀恨在心，因为母亲溺爱两位哥哥却对她十分刻薄。
As a child she was made to wash her brothers’clothes.Her parents turned a blind eye when one of her brothers beat her.当她还是个孩子时，就被迫要给她的哥哥们洗衣服。
当一个哥哥打她时，她的父母却视而不见。
For many female viewers born before1979,when China introduced a one-child-per-couple policy(changed to two in2016),such scenes have brought back painful memories.Some have used social media to share their own tales of sexism within the family.对于许多1979年以前出生的女性观众来说，这些场景勾起了她们痛苦的回忆。
有些人通过社交媒体分享她们自己家庭中性别歧视的故事。
But the biggest reaction has been to the drama’s critique of filial piety. Even today,the Confucian principle of unswerving loyalty to one’s parents remains hallowed.Many people say the best measure of adherence to this virtue is whether a son takes good care of his parents in old age.但最引起热议的是该剧对孝道的批判。
即使在今天，对父母忠贞不渝的儒家思想仍然是备受尊崇的。
许多人认为，衡量一个人是否坚守这一美德最好的方法就是看他能否在父母年迈时照顾好他们。
A recent poll by Toutiao,a Chinese news app,found that54%of elderly people in China get more than half of their expenses covered by their adult children.今日头条（一款中国新闻应用）最近开展的一项调查显示，中国有54％的老年人一半以上的支出由其成年子女们承担。
Partly,no doubt,this is due to a patchy pensions system.But it also reflects a culture of“never saying no to your parents”,says an“All is Well”fan in Beijing.毫无疑问，这在一定程度上是由于养老金体系不够完善所致。
但来自北京的一位《都挺好》的粉丝表示，这也反映了一种“永远不要对父母说不”的文化。
In the series,however,the widowed father does not attract much sympathy.He throws tantrums and insists that his eldest son buy him a three-bedroom apartment(the son grudgingly does so).然而在剧中，这位丧偶的父亲并没有引起人们太多的同情。
他大发脾气，并坚持让大儿子给他买一套三居室的公寓(虽然儿子很不情愿地买了)。
Commentators on social media have taken to calling the father a juying (“giant baby”)—a characteristic common among parents in real life,they say.The Su children do their duty,but the audience is supposed to applaud the resentment they express.社交媒体上的评论者们已经把这位父亲称为“巨婴”——他们说这是现实生活中的父母们所拥有的一个共同的特征。
苏家的孩子们尽到他们的责任了，但观众们还是应该为他们所表达的不满而鼓掌。
There have been mixed reviews in state media.One newspaper said that the“realistic plot and acting”had touched the“pain points”of many viewers.官方媒体对该剧的评论褒贬不一。
一家报纸写道，“贴近现实的情节和表演”触及了许多观众的“痛点”。
Beijing Daily,however,said the drama was“unrealistic”.It said it caricatured elderly parents by“unreasonably”ascribing“every possible bad quality”of old people to one character.然而，《北京日报》则称该剧是“不切实际的”。
它写道，该剧“不合理地”把老年人“可能拥有的每一种坏毛病”集于一人之身，以此来讽刺年迈的父母。
(红色标注词为重难点词汇)重难点词汇：filial piety孝顺；孝心premiere[prɪ'mɪr]adj.首位的；初次的；女主角的vi.初次公演；首次露面vt.初次公演；初次上演n.初次的演出；女主角protagonist[prə'tæɡənɪst]n.主角，主演；主要人物，领导者bankroll['bæŋkrol]vt.提供资金；提供财务上的资助n.资金；钞票pamper['pæmpɚ]vt.纵容；使…过量；给…吃得过多unswerving[ʌn'swɝvɪŋ]adj.坚定的；始终不渝的；不歪的hallowed['hælod]adj.神圣的，神圣化的tantrum['tæntrəm]n.发脾气；发怒resentment[rɪ'zɛntmənt]n.愤恨，怨恨caricature['kærɪkətʃɚ]n.漫画；讽刺画；漫画手法vt.画成漫画讽刺。