【大学 笔译精品】笔译(长句翻译与so_that)
大学英语笔译知识点总结
大学英语笔译知识点总结一、英汉互译中的困难及解决方法1、语法结构的差异英汉语法结构有相当的不同之处。
在英语中，形容词和副词通常放在名词和动词之前，而在汉语中，一般由形容词和副词放在名词和动词之后。
此外，在英语中定语从句和状语从句通常出现在句子的末尾，而汉语中则通常出现在句子的前面。
要解决这一问题，译者需要对英语和汉语的语法结构有深入的了解，并在翻译时进行灵活运用，确保句子通顺、符合习惯表达的方式。
2、词汇的差异英语和汉语词汇的差异主要表现在词义、词性以及搭配上。
在翻译时，译者需要充分了解英语和汉语词汇的特点和用法，并在翻译时进行合理的转换和调整。
需要注意的是，有些英语词汇在汉语中没有直接对应的词，译者需要结合上下文和情境来进行合适的译文转换。
3、句式结构的差异英语和汉语在句式结构上也存在一定的差异。
在英语中，一般采用主谓宾的句式结构，而在汉语中则采用主谓宾或主谓双宾的结构。
在翻译时，译者需要根据原文的句式结构和语义意义进行合理的转换和调整，确保译文能够准确传达原文的信息。
二、英语笔译中的常用技巧1、逐词逐句翻译逐词逐句翻译是英语笔译中常用的一种技巧。
它要求译者尽量忠实地将原文的词语和句子逐词逐句地翻译成目标语言。
这种技巧适用于对原文内容理解透彻、熟悉目标语言表达方式、能够保持句子流畅性的情况下，能够有效地保持原文的语言风格和内容特点。
2、意译意译是英语笔译中常用的一种技巧。
它是指译者在翻译时，根据原文的含义和情感色彩，采用适当的语言表达方式，将原文的意义传达到目标语言中。
这种技巧适用于原文与目标语言在语言结构、语境和习惯表达方式上存在较大差异的情况下，能够有效传达原文的信息和意思。
3、借位翻译借位翻译是英语笔译中常用的一种技巧。
它是指译者在翻译时，根据原文的内容和情境，选择适当的词语和表达方式，灵活运用目标语言的表达方式，将原文的意义传达到目标语言中。
借位翻译适用于原文与目标语言在语言结构、文化背景、表达方式上存在较大差异的情况下，能够有效传达原文的信息和意思。
基础笔译句子翻译
Chapter 11.If you’ll believe me, he went through with flying colors on examination days! He went through on that purely superficial “cram”, and got compliments too, while others, who knew a thousand times more than he, got plucked.你信也罢，不信也罢，考试那天他可是出尽了风头。
他靠一知半解的临时抱佛脚居然考及格了，还受到了表扬。
好多人比他强一千倍，反而没及格。
2.I took the news with a grain of salt.我对这个消息半信半疑。
3.He has many hot potatoes to handle every day.他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。
4.This hen-pecked man became on tenterhooks when his wife scolded her way into the room.妻子骂骂咧咧地闯了进来，这得了“气管炎”的男人一下子手足无措。
5.Aging and a prey to poverty and ill health, he began to look like a man with one foot in the graze.（士隐）那禁得贫病交攻，竟渐渐的露出了那下世的光景。
6.The Making of a Hero《钢铁是怎样炼成的》7.He is easily the best student in the class. 他无疑是班上最好的学生。
8.They gave the boy the lie.他们指责男孩说谎。
9.Her mother died of difficult labor.她母亲死于难产。
英语四级笔译长难句翻译范例
Determine the coordinate components in a sentence, such as coordinate sentences, coordinate phrases, etc., to ensure logical clarity during translation.
contents
目 录
01
Translation Techniques for Long and Differential Sentences
Identify the subject, predicate, and object in a sentence, as well as modifiers such as attributives and adverbials, to understand the overall structure and meaning of the sentence.
Example of translating long and difficult sentence
Translation Techniques for Long and Differential Sentences Analysis of Common Sentence Patterns in Translation Translation Analysis of Long and Differential Sentences in True Questions
Analyze the relationship between clauses, phrases, and modifiers in a sentence to determine the correct translation order.
翻译三级笔译综合能力-词汇和语法(四)
翻译三级笔译综合能力-词汇和语法(四)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、(总题数：100，分数：100.00)1.This problem should be discussed first, for it takes ______ over all the other issues.（分数：1.00）A.precedence √B.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability解析：[解析] A选项precedence的意思是“优先、居先”，短语precedence over的意思是“居于……之前”，如：National defense must take precedence over all other questions. 国防应优先考虑。
B 选项take prosperity“繁荣”；C选项presumption“假定”；D选项probability“可能性”，都与句意不符。
本句空格处意为这个问题应优先考虑。
因此A选项为正确答案。
2.How did it come ______ that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework?（分数：1.00）A.about √B.alongC.aroundD.by解析：[解析] 本题是说你怎么会在作业中犯这么多的错误。
A项“come(about)发生，造成”(多用于how 疑问句中，也可用于陈述句，在非正式英语中还可简化为“How come +从句?”如：How come you were late for class yesterday? 符合题意。
其他三项中，co me along“进行，进展，(机会)出现，(用在祈使句中)赶快，快点”；come around“苏醒；顺访”； come by sth．=gel/obtain“得到”，都与题意不符。
3.Where in our brain do we ______ meanings to words?（分数：1.00）A.associateB.attach √mitD.devote解析：[解析] attach作“附属，归于，相连”讲，常与to搭配，如：Great responsibilities attach to power and position. 有权力有地位就要负重大责任。
定语从句与长句的翻译
Try to translate: Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. ［译文］行为主义者的看法是：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长，而这些刺激物又能够发展其适应反应能力的话，那么这个儿童在智力方面将会得到更大的发展。
诚实的人最聪明。
发光的不都是金子。
供给避难所
定语从句
Try to translate: He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
05
我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志。
单击此处添加大标题内容
余额
Try to translate: As she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her, which made her stop dead. 走到拐弯处，她突然想到了一个新主意，立刻停了下来。 In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention. 在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。 She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere. 她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。
笔译基础 长句复杂句
长句、复杂句翻译认真研读下列长句，确定各句的主干结构（主句结构和从句结构中主语、谓语等）1.The large-scale migration of unskilled and semi-skilled labour, and of professional manpower,which has taken place in the last two decades has been a reflection of imbalances in the income and employment opportunities and, to some extent, of constraints on the international flow of capital and trade.2.The men and women throughout the world who think that a living future is preferable to adead world of rocks and deserts will have to rise and demand, in tones so loud that they cannot be ignored, that common sense, humanity, and the dictates of that moral law which Mr.Dulles believes that he respects, should guide our troubled era into that happiness which only its own folly is preventing.3.WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINEDto save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, andto reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, andto promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,AND FOR THESE ENDSto practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, andto unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, andto ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, andto employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,HA VE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS.4.But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will,uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and---until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he overreached himself---an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.5.The humanities would be expendable only if human beings didn’t have to make decisions thataffect their lives and the lives of others; if the human past never existed or had nothing to tell us about the present; if thought processes were irrelevant to the achievement of purpose; if creativity was beyond the human mind and had nothing to do with the joy of living; if human relationships were random aspects of life; if human beings never had to cope with panic or pain, or if they never had to anticipate the connection between cause and effect; if all the mysteries of mind and nature were fully plumbed; and if no special demands arose from the accident of being born a human being instead of a hen or a hog.6.But the city is also the home of the well-bred English lady who has had to sell the familyestate of 400 years and take meager lodging in Earl’s Court; of the expatriate Hollywood actress living in elegance in a Georgian town house; of the islander from Jamaica who comes seeking a new life and ends up collecting fares on one of London’s red double-decker buses;and of the farmer’s son who shuns his family’s sheep pastures in the austere lake District in favor of singing rock in a coffeehouse in the West End.7.The second aspect is the application by all members of society, from the government officialto the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.8.Ionizing radiation can change the electronic configuration of an atom or molecule, and thusthe way it interacts with its surroundings.9. A recent article in the New Yorker magazine compared the discovery of the edible tomato thatcame about by early biotechnology with the new "Flavr-Savr" tomato brought about through modern techniques.10.For environment concern, aluminium is much more superior to fiberglass with its chemicalresins and to steel which rusts.11.Challenges being addressed by modern environmental biotechnology range from the searchfor microbes that will reduce acid rain by removing sulfur from power plant coal to the biological production of biodegradable plastics.12.Further knowledge in these areas will help to maintain genetic diversity, improve animalproductivity and efficiency, locate economically important production traits (including size, reproductive vigor, and genetic diseases), and finally to provide methods for utilizing this information to select for desired characteristics in animals.13.(There have been numerous reviews on the development of baculoviruses to control insects,and despite this widespread interest and intrinsic attractiveness of their use, the acceptance and use of viruses for insect control have been limited.) This can be attributed to their slow speed of kill, their limited host range such that one preparation can only be used on a few insects, and to a certain degree to the complexity of producing standardized viral preparations.14. A wide range of materials for use in medicine, agriculture, and industry that are currently inshort supply could be produced in much greater quantities if the genes regulating their production by higher plants and animal cells could be incorporated into the microbial genome.。
翻译三级笔译综合能力-词汇和语法(三)
翻译三级笔译综合能力-词汇和语法(三)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、(总题数：100，分数：100.00)1.The facts have proved that they all have the ______ of solving practical problems.（分数：1.00）A.capability √B.abilityC.capacityD.power解析：[解析] capability“能力，才能，本领”；capability of doing“能做某事的素质，能力”；ability“能力，本领，技能”，ability“常与to连用”；capacity“能力，才干，本领；性能”，capacity“常与for连用”；power“力，力量；能力”。
答案是A。
2.The accident ______ him of his sight and the use of his legs.（分数：1.00）A.excludedB.disabled √C.deprivedD.gripped解析：[解析] 本题的四个选项中，A项excluded的意思是“拒绝接纳；把……排除在外；不包括”；B项disabled的意思是“使伤残”，如：Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to him. 因为他残废了，他的房子就成了他的牢笼。
C项deprived的意思是“剥夺，从……夺走；使丧失”；D项gripped的意思是“握(或咬，夹)牢；吸引；抓住(注意力等)”。
根据题意，B项为正确答案。
3.At throe thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not ______.（分数：1.00）A.on viewB.at a glanceC.on the sceneD.in sight √解析：[解析] in sight“可以见得到，被看到”；on view“展览，上映”；at a glance“看一眼，瞟一眼”；on the scene“出现，到场，在场”。
长句的翻译(英译汉)
在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结 果，总统就此发了言。他说他不能够解释为什么 共和党遭到了这样大的失败。这种情况最终会使 共和党失去在众议院中长期享有的优势
分译法
My mother, Jane Clements, died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away.
在快乐的英格兰有一个风光旖旎的地区，唐河 从这里流过。从前这里曾有一大片森林，郁郁 苍苍，覆盖着从设菲尔德到繁华的唐卡斯特镇 之间的大部分美丽的山丘和河谷。(徐菊译)
分译法 My shock and embarrassment at finding mother
in tears on Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understand the pressure on her. My shock and embarrassment at finding mother in tears on Wednesday was( a perfect index of how little I understand the pressure on her).
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• 译文：当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里，又有个年轻的黛安娜在 池边好奇地接受你所捉上来的东西的时候，如果你懂得什么是美 的话，时间是过得很快的！
• (3) (4) (2) (1)
• People move in every direction, west, east, north and south, but certain trends predominate, particularly towards the West. (1) There is also the movement of farm people to the towns, (2) as agriculture becomes more mechanized, (3) though locally there is a flight from city centers to new suburbs, (4) as the town invades the country.
(1) If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring (2) which had so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, (3) she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, (4) whose cheeks were faintly mottled, (5) and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.
(1) 也有农民迁往城市；
(2) 随着农业机械化程度的提高；
(3) 虽然局部地区有市中心迁往新兴郊区的情况；
(4) 随着农村向城镇扩展。
译文：虽然随着农村向城镇扩展，局部地区有市中心 迁往新兴郊区的情况，但是随着农业机械化程度的 提高，也有农民迁往城市。(4) (3) (2) (1)
练习
• And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
• 一个星期日的傍晚,他正躺在果园里,一面在听画眉鸟的叫声,一面 在写一首爱情诗,忽然听得大门砰地关上,接着看见那姑娘从树丛 里奔来,后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑的红脸的乔.
二、逆序法
(1) Time goes fast for one (2) who has a sense of beauty, (3) when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge to receive with wonder (4) anything you can catch! (1) 时间是过得很快的； (2) 如果你懂得什么是美的话； (3) 当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里，又有个年轻的 黛安娜在池边好奇地接受东西； (4) 你所捉上来的东西。
• 译文：如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的、花儿般的魅力，也失掉 了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁、苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜 色——二十六年前这些东西曾迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特——那么 在四十三岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过两颊淡淡地 有点儿斑驳，而灰蓝的眼睛也已经有点儿饱满了。
• (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(1) 她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的、花儿般的魅力，也失掉了她脸儿和 身段的那种冰清玉洁、苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色；
(2) 二十六年前这些东西曾迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特； (3) 在四十三岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣； (4) 不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳； (5) 灰蓝的眼睛也已经有点儿饱满了。
练习
• It was on a Sunday evening, when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem, that he heard the gate swing to, and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the redcheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit.
长句的翻译方法
• 翻译长句时，首先要弄清楚原文的句法机构，找出整个句子的中 心内容及其各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系 （因果、时间、顺序等），再按照汉语特点和表达方式，正确地 译出原文的意思，不拘泥于原文的形式。
• 长句的译法主要有下列几种：顺序法；逆序法；分译法；综合法。
一、顺序法
• 他出生在这一类人中间,他出生在这种地方,他有这样的母亲;这些 要是让她知道了的话,他知道该多么丢脸.
三、分译法
• 有时英语长句中主句与从句或主句与修饰语之间的关系并不十分密切， 翻译时可按汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句中的从句或短语化为句子，分 开来叙述；为使语意连贯，有时还可适当增加词语。
• The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.