中石油模拟托福同义词汇
托福同义词结
托福同义词结托福同义词汇总结对于托福考试来说，单词一直是阻挡考生托福拿分的一个很重要的因素，下面是yjbys网店铺提供给大家关于托福同义词汇总结，希望对同学们的备考有所帮助。
collaboration n. 合作collapse n. 倒塌;崩溃，失败 breakdown, failurecolleague n. 同事，同僚 fellow worker, associate, co-worker collective adj. 集体的，共同的 commoncollide vi. 碰撞;冲突 bump, hit;conflictcollision n. 碰撞;冲突，抵触 crash, impactcolloquial adj. 口语的，通俗语的 conversational, informalcolloquialism n. 俗话，白话，口语colonize vt. 建立殖民地，拓殖 settlevt. 定居，居于 plantcolony n. 殖民地;群体 group, communitycolonial adj. 殖民的，殖民地的colonel n. 陆军上校colossal adj. 巨大的 huge, giganticcombination n. 化和，组合 blend, unioncombine v. 联合，结合 blend, fuse, mergecombustible adj. 易燃的 flammable, burnable, inflammable combustion n. 燃烧comet n. 彗星cometary adj. 彗星的，彗星似的comic adj. 滑稽的，好笑的;喜剧的 funny, ridiculouscomical adj. 滑稽的，好笑的commander n. 司令官，指挥员 chief, leadercommemorate vt. 纪念 remember, memorializecomment n. 注释，评论 remark, judgmentvi. 谈及;注释，评论clarify vt. 澄清，阐明 illuminate, elucidateclarification n. 澄清，净化classify vt. 把…分类，分等级classification n. 分类，分级clause n. 分句;条款 sentence, phraseclay n. 粘土;泥土clergy n. 牧师clergyman n. 牧师，教士cliff n. 悬崖峭壁 bluff, precipiceclimaten.气候;社会风气或趋势weather condition;atmosphere, environmentclimatic adj. 气候上的cling vi. 粘紧，附着 stickvi. 坚持(意见)，墨守(习惯) adhere toclinic n. 门诊所 dispensary, infirmaryclinical adj. 临床的`clip vt. 修剪 trim, cut offclockwise adj./adv. 顺时针方向的(地)counterclockwise adj./adv. 逆时针方向的(地)clog vt. 障碍，阻塞 congest, jamclumsy adj. 笨拙的;愚笨的 awkward, ineptcluster n. 簇，串，群 group, bunchvi. 丛生;聚集 concentrate, gather, assembleclutch v. 抓住，攫取 grasp tightlyn. 一次产的或孵的蛋(或卵) coalesce vi. 联合，合并 associate, combinecoalescence n. 合并，联合coalition n. 联合，同盟 alliance, unioncoarse adj. 粗糙的 rough, harshcoax vt. 哄诱，巧言诱哄 persuade, cajolecode of laws 词组法典codify vt. 编成法典，编辑成书coexist vi. 同时存在，共存 coincidecognitive adj. 认知的;感知的coherent adj. 粘在一起的 adhesive, cohesiveadj. 连贯的;有条理的 logical, soundcoherenceincoherence n.n.一致不连贯，不一致cohesion n. 附着(力)，凝聚力 unity, solidaritycohesive adj. 粘着的coil n. (一)卷;线圈 ring, rollvt. 盘绕，卷 twist, curlrecoil vi. 弹回，反冲coin n. 铸币 nickelvt. 创造(一个新的词语或短语) create, inventcoinage n. 造币，货币制度coincide vi. 同时发生;相符合，相巧合 occur at the same time as, correspondcoincident adj. 一致的，巧合的 concerning, simultaneouscoincidence n. 一致;同时发生或同时存在的事collaborate vi. 协作，合作 work together, cooperatecircumference n. 圆周;周长 perimeter, peripherycircumscribe vt. 划界限;限制make the boundaries of;confine,restrictcircumstance n. 环境，情况 situation, conditioncitadel n. 堡垒，要塞 fort, fortresscite vt. 引用，举例 refer to, quotecitizenship n. 公民(的身份)civil adj. 公民的;市民的 civicadj. 国内的civil rights 词组公民权civil war 词组内战civility n. 彬彬有礼，斯文civilization n. 文明，文化 culturecivilian adj. 平民的;民用的 nonmilitary, noncombatantn. 平民claim n. 要求，要求权v. 声称，主张clam n. 蛤，蛤肉clamor n. 叫嚣，喧哗 outcry, uproar, commotionreclamation n. 开垦;改造;(废料等的)回收clan n. 家族，宗族 faction, tribeclap n. 拍手声;霹雳声v. 鼓掌;轻拍applaud; slapcharter v. 包租;特许license, authorizechart n. 海图，图表 graph, diagramvt. 制图 plotchaste adj. 贞洁的;(思想、言论)朴素的chat vi. 闲谈 talkchateau n. 城堡，高级旅馆check vt. 检查，核对;阻止，控制 control, suppress, restrictn. 支票checkup n. 审查;身体检查checkout n. 检验，校验check out 词组检验，校验paycheck n. 付薪水的支票chef n. 厨师cherish v. 怀抱(希望等);珍爱 harbor;treasure, value chill vt. 使冷，变冷;冷却 cool, freezen. 寒意，寒战 coolness, coldnesschilly adj. 寒冷的 coldchilli n. 红辣椒chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla n. 大猩猩chisel n. 凿子 gougev. 砍凿，凿刻 cut, sculptchivalry n. 骑士气概，侠义;(男人)对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤choke vt. 使窒息 asphyxiate, suffocate。
托福考试阅读同义词替换-归类
e n d u r in g =l a st in gp r e v a il in g =g e n e r a lly a c c e p te di n c r e d i b l e =im p os s ib l e to b e l ie veo b s o le te =ou t o f d a tes u it a b l e =a pp r o pr i a tea mb i t i ou s=im pr e ss iv e b u t d i ff ic u lt t o a c h ie vet a k e pr e c e d e n c e o ve r=h a v e g r e a te ri m p o r t an c e t h ans u r pl u s= e x c e ss q u an t it ye x hi b it s= d is p l ay se m b od y= in c or p o r ateu l ti m ate l y =e v e n tu all yv i r tu a ll y= N e ar l ys u s p e n d e d=f l o at in gr e p le n i s he d= r e s t or e dd r am at i c =st r ik in gd i st in c t i on= d i f fe r e n c er a pp o r t= b on dt h r i ll= e x c it e m e n tv i t a l it y= e n e r g ys pe c i f ie d= s t ate df o c u se d =c o n c e n tr a te di m m in e n t=ab ou t to h a p p e nr e fi n e m e n t= i m p r o ve m e n ts c at te r e d= w i d e ly se p a r at e ds pe c u l ate s=p u t s f or w a r d as a p o s si b il i ty t r e m e n d ou s= e n or m o u sh e n c e= t he r e f or ei m p l e m e n t =pu t i n t o e f fe c tp a r t i c u la r ly= e sp e c ial l ys c ar c e =s h or t in su pp l yp r in c i p a l l y = m a in l yc on tr o ve r s i a l =pr od u c in g d i s ag re e m e n t i n d u c e= c au se t hef or m at i on o f f u e l s =p r o v id e s e n e rg y f ori n e v it a b le= c e r t a ina c c o r d in g l y= c or r e s p o n d in g lyc lu s te r= g r o u pe n o r m ou s =hu g ep r e su m a b l y= i t is r e a s o n a b le to a s su m ep e r t in e n t =r e le v an ts u b d u e= d e f e atc o in c ide s w it h=oc c u r s at t he s am e t im e as j u s tif y= p r o v id e a r at i on a l b as i s f o rp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e dh i e r a r c h ic a l =h a v in g s e ve r a l le ve ls o fa u t h or it yc on s ti tu e n t s= c om p on e n t se x c a v at e d= d u g fr om t he g r ou n dc h a r ac t e r is t ic= t y p i c a la l t e r at i on= m od i f ic at i onh e n c e f or t h =f r om t hi s t im e ono b l ig e d=fo r c e dl a u n c h e d= s t ar te de n su r e =g u ar an te ei n c i te d=st im u l a te ds u b s ta n t i a l =c on s i d e r a b leo u twe i g hs= e x c e e d sc o l le c t i ve =g r ou pe r e c t in g= c on st r u c t in gc on se q u e n t= r e su lt in gr e i n fo r c e s= su p p o r t sd e va s t ate= d e s tr o ys i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m eu n in te n t i on a l = u n p la n n e da l t e r n a te= t ak e tu r n s a tr e g im e s= g o ve r n m e n t sa s u r g e o f=a s u d d e n in c r e a se i ns yn t he s iz in g= c om b in in ge le v a te d= r a i se dI n e ss e n c e=B as ic a l lyf e a s ib le= p r a c t i c a ls c a le =s iz ea d v oc a te d =pr om o te df o s te r e d= e n c ou r ag e df r ig i d =c ol dd e t e c te d= d i sc o ve r e de x t e n s i ve=la r g ea c c o u n t s f or= e x p l ain sr e m n an ts= r e m ai n d e r sr e m ot e =i so l a te dc i te d= m e n t i on e da g g r e g at i on s =g r o u psl a t e r a l =s id el i t t le s h or t o f m ir a c u lo u s=a m az in g b e c au se a lm os t im p os s i b l ed e s ig n at i on= i d e n t i fi c a ti onc h a o t ic =d is or g an ize dr e t a in s =pr e se r ve sc on s t an t= c on t in u a lc o a le sc ed =c o l l ide de m i t te d= r e le a se dd e fi n i n g= i d e n t i fy in gd o me s t ic=h ou s e h o lds w i ft=f as ts i g n i f ic an t = c o n s id e r a b lem o d e s t= r e l at i ve l y sm a l lc on se q u e n t ly= T h e r e f o r ec om p on e n t= p ar tr e m ar k a b le =e x tr a or d in a r yc on f in ed to=l im ite d t or e l e n t le s s = u n c e a si n g d i f fu s i on =sp r e ada u t on om ou s =in d e p e n d e n to b l ig e d= r e q u ir e dv a s t=hu g ea p p r e c i ate d= a p p r o ve dv i c in it y= su r r ou n d in g a r e aa c c i d e n t a l=b yc ha n c em o d i f y= c h an g ed r as t ic a l ly=e x te n s i ve l yp r o h ib i t=p r e ve n tu l ti m ate l y =f in a l lyk e p t p ac e w it h=m a tc h e d t he in c r e a se in c a p ac it y=av a i l ab le st o r ag e s p a c ei n e v it a b le= u n a v oi d ab l es u r p as s =e x c e e dp o n d e r =t h ou g h t ab o u tf u n d am e n t a l =b as icm an d at e d= r e q u ir e dp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e ds i g n i fy in g =in d i c at in gc e a sed =s to p pe dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e df u n c t i on= p u r p o sea l l e g e d =su p p o se dc on tr o ve r s i a l =de b a ta b lei n c on c l u s i ve= n ot d e c i si v ee l ab o r at e= w e ll d e ve l o p e dp i on e e r e d= in tr o d u c e ds u b se q u e n t =l a te rc om p r i se d= c on s is ted o fe n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dr e i n fo r c e=st r e n g t he np r o f ou n d=in te n seo b s o le te =ou t o f d a teo b sc u r e= l i t tl e k n ow na s s oc i a te s= c on n e c tse n c om p a s se s=in c lu d e ss t a t io n ar y= u n m ov in gh e n c e= t he r e f or ei r r e ve r s ib le= pe r m an e n tm on u m e n t al= e n o r m o u sm an i p u l ate=sk il l fu l ly u s e dp u r su e= p r e fe rs u b s is te n c e= su r vi v ale x p o se d= u n p r o te c te dw i t h n o w a r n i n g= w it h o u t an y in d ic a t i on b e f or e h an dc on g e st i on=ov e r c r owd in ga l t e r e d =tr an s f or m e de m i t te d= r e le a se dr e t a r d in g= s l o wi n ga b u n d an t= p le n t i fu ls u s t a in= su pp o r tp i on e e r in g =or i g i n a ld i st in c t=se p a r a tee n a b li n g= a l l ow in gr e s tr ic te d =l im it e ds e ve r i ty=h ar s hn e ssc on g r e g at e =g at he rc on se q u e n t ly=As a r e s u ltc om pr i se= c on si s t o fc on s ti tu e n t= c om p on e n tp r e d o m i n ate=ar e in t h e m aj or i tyg r ad u a l= s l owd i f fu se= s pre a dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e dd e fi c ie n c ie s= s h or t ag e se m e r g in g= a pp e ar in g B e si d e s =In ad d it i on t op r e oc c u p a t i on =c on c e r nc ou p led w it h= c om b i ne d w i t ha u t on om y=in d e p e n d e n c ec on s p i c u ou s= e a s il y n o ti c e de n d u r e =w i t h st an ds u r p l u s= e x t r at a sk= r e q u ir e m e n tu n f a v or a b le =d is a d va n t ag e ou st r ig g e r e d= in i t i ate ds e ve r e l y= g r e a t l yr e i n fo r c in g=st r e n g th e n in gl a u n c h e d= s t ar te dm e t h od i c a l l y =sy s te m a t ic a la c c e le r a te= s p e e d u pi m p r o ve d= p e r fe c te dd e t e c t =se n sec on v in c i n g ly= p e r su a s i ve l ye lu s iv e =h a r d to i d e n t i fym a in te n an c e o f =su p p o r t in gi s o l a te d=se p a r ate d fr o m on e an o t he r o v e r w he lm e d =w as to o l a r g e f o rr e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lyp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice x c lu si ve l y= o n l ya c c u m u l at in g =c ol le c t in gc ou n te r =c om b a tb r e ak t hr ou g h =d e ve lo p m e n ts o p h is t ic a te d=h ig h ly d e ve l o p e ds u r g e =su d d e n in c r e a s ep r op o r t i on s =s iz es u s t a in= su p p o r tp e r s is te n t =l a st in gp r om o te =e n c ou r a g ec on tr ad ic t o r y= c on f li c t in gm an i fe s ta t i on s = e x p r e s s io n sc u m u l at i ve= c om b i n e da p p ar e n t= n o ti c e ab lec o r r e sp onde d= e q u al e dn or m =c o m m ona d j a c e n t =n e arb yi n te r v a ls= p e r i od ic a ll yd i sc re t e =se pa r at ep r o li f ic=h ig h l y p r o d u c t i ves p ar se r = m o r e t h in l y d i st r ib u te d e p is od e s=oc c u r r e n c e sp r op on e n t s= su p p o r t e r ss w i ft= q u i c ku n pr om i s in g= u n f a vo r a b l ea w e a l t h o f =an ab u n d anc e o fd e vo i d o f=l ac k in g ind i f fu s i on =sp re ado n g o in g =c o n t in u in gc o r r e sp ond s= m a tc he sc om p le x i t y =s op h is t ic a t i ona l l o w in g= r e su l tin g ind i st o r t i on s =ir re g u l ar i t ie st e m p or ar i ly= b r ie f lyp e c u l i ar= u n u su a lp l e n t i fu l= n u m e r ou se m e r g e n c e= r i ser ou t in e l y =r e g u l a r l yd i st in c t i ve= c h ar a c te r i st i ct h e r e b y =c o n se q u e n t l ys u it a b l e =a pp r o p r i a teg e n e r a l l y = u su a l lyt e n d in g =t ak in g c ar e o fr u d im e n t ar y=e le m e n t ar ya k in t o =s im il a r t o o c c a s i on a ll y= s om e t im e si n g e n u it y= i n v e n t i ve n e s st a n g ib le=p hy s ic a ls e q u e n c e s= se r ie sc on v e r te d= c h an g e da p p r o x i m at in g = e s tim a t in gs u b se q u e n t ly=l ate re q u i va le n t= c om p ar ab l ee x p l o it a t i on = u sea l t o g e t he r=fu ll ys te a d il y= a t an u n v ar y in g r at ec on c e n tr a ti o n s=de n s e g r o u p in g sr e fl e c t =in d i c ateo b sc u r e=hi d eu n f a v or a b le =n e g a t iv ep u r su e= e n g a g e inc om p ar a b l e =s im il a re x t r e m e= g r e a tU p on r e f le c t i on =A f te r c on si d e r a t i on c on su l t =a ske x p e l le d =lef t b yp r om p te d =s ti m u l ate de x p l ic i t= c le a r l y e x p r e s se di m p l y= su g g e s te n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dp e c u l i ar t o = u n i q u e t oe x e r t= p u tf or t ha p p ar e n t l y =se e m i n g l ya s t on i s hm e n t= su r p r i s ev i r tu a ll y= n e ar l yI n r e tr o s p e c t =l o ok in g b ac kp r om p t s =s ti m u la te sp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice ve n tu a l ly=in t he e n dr e c a ll= r e m e m be rs pe c i f i c a l l y =p r e c i se l yu n d ou b te d l y= c e r t a in l yt e c hn i c a l l y =sc ie n t i fic a l ly c l a s si f ie d ass u p p le m e n t ar y= e x tr as u b t le= n ot o bv i ou sp a v e d t he w a y f or = m a d e p o ss i b l ew i pe d ou t= k il le d o ffa s s au l ts on=at t ac k s o no n se t=be g in n in gi m m e d i ate l y ap p ar e n t=o b v i ou sR e n o w n e d=F a m ou se n g ag e s in= p e r fo r m sg i g an t ic=ve r y b i gv u ln e r ab le= d e f e n s e le sss t r ain=st r e s sv a l u ab le=im p o r t an tN e e d le ss t o s a y =o b v i o u s l ya d h e s i ve= s t ic k ye n su r e =g u ar an te ec om p on e n t s =p ar tsN e v e r t he le s s=ho w e v e ri n e v it a b ly= n e c e s s ar i l yw i d e sp r e ad am on g= f o u n d t h r o u g h ou t t h e b o d ie s o fi n t ac t= w h o les u b s ta n t i a l ly= s i g n ifi c an t lya c c e s s ib le= r e ac h ab les t im u l a te d= e n c ou r ag e de n g ag e d =p ar t ic ip a te de x p l o it a t i on = u sed e t e r m in an ts= c au se sh a s te n e d= r u s he dd i f fu s i on =sp re adp e r fe c t e d= c om pl e te dr e m n an ts= r e m ai n se x ot ic=f or e ig nd o m i n a te= c on tr o lc on te m p or a r y s oc ie tie s=e x i sted at t he s am e t i m er e c og n iz e d= a c c e p te d s i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m ed i sm is se d =r e j e c t e de le v a te d=h ig he x e r c i se d =a p p l ie de m e r g e n c e= r i set a c ti c =st r at e g yt h u s= c on se q u e n t lys t a g n at i on= l a c k o f g r ow t hs u s t a in e d = c o n t in u e di m p l ic a t i on s= c on se q u e n c e se x c lu si ve l y= s o le lyp o te n t i a l =p os s ib lef a v o r ab le=ad v an t ag e ou sa mb i g u ou s =u nc le arc on v e y= t r an s m i ta c c o u n t e d f or= e x p la i n e dc on s ide r ab l y =s ig n i fi c an t lys t r i k i n g= n ot e w or t hyf o r m e r l y= d e s ir a b ler e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lya c c e n tu at e d= i n te n s if i e d。
中石油托福阅读词汇
阅读词汇考考查的单词正确的选项词性中文含义频 abundant plentiful a.大量的 accelerate increase v.加速；加大 accessible available a.可用的 according to depending on 依据；按照；；取决于 accordingly for that reason ad.因此 accordingly consequently ad.因此 account explain v.解释；说明2account for explain v.解释，说明2account for explain v.解释，说明 accumulate collect v.积累；积聚 accumulate collect v.聚集 adequate sufficient a.充分的；足够的 adhere stick v.黏附；胶着 adjunct addition n.附加物 administered managed v.管理 adorn decorate v.装饰 advent arrival n.出现；到来 adversely negatively ad.不利地；有害地 advocate proponent n.倡导者；辩护者 aesthetically artistically ad.审美地；美学地 affront insult v.公开侮辱；轻蔑 aided helped v.帮助 alert wary a.机敏的 allay reduce v.减轻；减少 alter change v.改变；调整 alternative option n.替代；替代物 altogether completely ad.完全地 ancillary secondary a.附属的；辅助的 annihilate conquer v.消灭；征服 antagonist enemy n.对手；敌人 antecedent predecessor n.先辈 anticipate look forward to v.期待；盼望 apace with as fast as 快速的 appealing attractive a.吸引人的 apply used for v.应用；适用 appreciated recognized v.赏识 appreciation recognition n.鉴赏；鉴别 aptly appropriately ad.适当地 arduous difficult a.艰巨的；艰苦的 article object n.物品，物体 ascend climb v.攀升；升高2assemble gather v.装配；组合2assemble bring together v.装配；组合 assortment variety n.形形色色；各式各样 assumption belief n.确信的想法 at any rate regardless 无论如何；至少 attachment preference for n.依恋；偏好 attained achieved v.达到 attained reached v.达到 attendant accompanying n.服务员 attire clothing n.衣着；盛装 attribute credit v.被认为；被鉴定 attribute characteristics n.特征 avail make use v.有用 avid eager a.渴望的；热心的 barren infertile a.贫瘠的；不毛的 barter exchange v.易货贸易；物物交换 besides in addition to prep.除此之外2bias prejudice n.偏见；嗜好2bias prejudice n.偏见；嗜好 bind tie v.捆；绑；使结合 boast take pride in having n./v.夸口；自恃 boosted raised v.提高，推进 bound limit n.范围；界限 bound held v.限制 break departure from n.决裂；破裂 brief look glance n.瞥视；浏览 bring about cause v.导致；引起 brittle easily broken a.易碎的 by virtue of because of 依靠；由于 calculate determine v.计算；确定 came to the forefront became important carry support v.支撑；支持2carry on conduct v.开展；维持；继续2carry on continue v. cease stop v.停止；结束 celebratory full of praise n.颂扬 celestial astronomical a.天空的；天上的 chance unplanned a.偶然的；碰巧的 characteristics qualities n.性质，特性 charged with assigned to 主管, 掌管 chronicle describe v.记述 circumscribe restrict v.在……周围画线；限制 classify categorize v.分类 clear unobstructed a.畅通的；无阻的3clue information n.线索；信息3clue information n. 3clue proof n. cluster group v.成群2coarse rough a.粗糙的2coarse crude a. coin create v.创造；杜撰 coincide with happen at the same time ad.同时 collective group n.集体 collectively together ad.共同地 come of age establish itself v.达到法定年龄；确立自身地位 comparably similarly ad.可比地；相当地 compelling forceful a.强制的；强迫的 component parts n.部分 compose focus on v.创作；创造 comprise consist of v.包含；包括 concealed covered a.隐藏着的 concentrate cluster v.集中；积聚 conclusive definitive a.最后的 concomitant with in conjunction with ad.协同 concrete specific a.具体的；特定的 configuration arrangement n.结构；形状2confine limit v.限制；局限2confine restrict v. confirm uphold v.证实；确认 conflicting opposing a.冲突的；抵触的 conjectural based on guessing a.猜测的；推测的 consequence result n.结果2conserve store v.保存；保护2conserve retain v. 4considerable large a.很重要的；很大的4considerable substantial a. 4considerable much a. 4considerable great a. consistent constant a.持续的 consort associate v.结交 conspicuous noticeable a.显著的 constituent component n.成分；要素 constitute make up v.构成；组成 consume eat v.吃掉 consumption eat n.消费；消耗3contemporary existing a.当代的；现有的3contemporary current a. 3contemporary written at that time a. convergence gathering n.聚集2convert change v.转换；转变2convert chang v. correspondingly similarly ad.相应地；对应地 count weigh v.有价值；有分量 counter overcome v.反对；驳回 counteract negate v.抵消；反作用 counterpart version n.复本；对应物 crisscross move back andforthv.穿梭；交错往来 critical judge of fine arts connoisseur n.鉴赏家；评论家 crucial important a.重要的 cumbersome burdensome a.麻烦的；笨重的 customary usual a.习惯的；惯例的 dampen moisten v.使潮湿 daring bold a.勇敢的；大胆的 deft skilled a.熟练的；灵巧的 deliberate careful a.审慎的；仔细的 deliver present v.递送；呈递 demand require v.要求；需求 demise death n.死亡 demonstrate show v.表明；证实 dense thick a.稠密的；浓厚的 depend rely v.依靠；依赖 depict represent v.描绘；描述 depress lower v.压低；使沮丧 derive obtain v.得到 derive from base on v.基于 detect find v.探测2detectable measurable a.可察觉的；易发现的2detectable apparent a. devastated ruined a.毁坏的；被破坏的 developing evolving a.发展的；演化的2devote to dedicate v.致力于；献身于2devote to specializing in v. 2dictate determine v.指示；决定；确定2dictate determine v. diffuse travel v.扩散；传播 disaster catastrophe n.灾难 discard get rid of v.丢弃；抛弃 dispute argument n.争论；争执2disseminate spread/impart v.散布；传播2disseminate spread v. 4distinct separate a.清晰的；不同的；独特的4distinct separate a. 4distinct different a. 4distinct separate a. distnctive unique a.特殊的；独特的 distinguish differentiate v.区分；辨别 divergence difference n.差异；变化3diverse dissimilar a.多种多样的；不一样的；不同的3diverse varied a. 3diverse different a. dividing line boundary n.边界；分界线 do sth. repeatedly iterate v.重复；反复2domain field n.领域；范围2domain region n. dominant most common a.主要的；占优势的 dominate be prevalent in v.支配；控制 dramatic striking a.戏剧性的；显著的 drastic radical a.激烈的；猛烈的 drastically severely ad.激烈地3draw attract v.吸引；引导3draw attract v. 3draw instruct v. durability endurance n.经久，耐久2durable long-lasting a.持久的；耐用的2durable strong a. dwelling house n.住处；寓所 eager enthusiastic a.热心的2easily moved portable a.轻便的；可携带的2easily moved portable a. edge advantage n.优势 effect influence v.影响；效果 efficiency effectiveness n.效力 elaborately done in great detail ad.详尽地；精心地 elevate promote v.提高；提升 elicit bring out v.引出 embraced welcomed v.欢迎 emerge appear v.浮现；出现2emit give off v.发出；生产，发行2emit produce v. emphasize stress v.强调 employ use v.雇佣；应用2enable allow v.使能够；使可能2enable help v. enactment performance n.演出；表演 encompass include v.包含 encounter meet v.遇到；相遇 end goal n.末端；目的 endless continuous a.无止境的；无穷的 engage hire v.雇佣 enhance increase v.提高；增进 enhancement improvement n.提高；增进 ensure guarantee v.保证 entire whole a.全部的 entity object n.实体；存在 entomb trap v.埋葬；设陷阱 envelop surround v.遮盖；包围 era period of time n.时期 eradicate eliminate v.除去；消除 erroneous ideas misconception n.误解；错误观念 erroneously identified as mistake v.误以为；误认为 essence basic nature n.基本 essential fundamental a.基本的 establish create v.设立；创作 estimate judge v.鉴定 evidence indicate n.迹象；预示 evolution development n.发展；演化 exalted superior a.高贵的；崇高的2excavate dig v.挖掘；开凿2excavate dig v. exceptional remarkable a.非凡的；例外的2execute create v.造成；制成；履行；执行2execute produce v. exercise utilize v.行使，利用2exert cause v.引起；产生2exert put v.施加(压力等) exorbitant expensive a.昂贵的 expendable unprofitable a.没有用的2expose subject to v.使暴露；暴露于2expose uncover v. 2extend stretch v.延长；扩展2extend increase v. 2extol praise v.赞美2extol praise v. 3extract remove v.提取；取得；根除，移除3extract remove v. 3extract remove v. extraordinary supreme a.非凡的；极度的2fabricate make v.制作；装配；构建2fabricate construct v. facilitate enable v.使容易；使便利；帮助 faction side n.小派系 fashion create v.造成，引起 fatal deadly a.致命的 favor prefer v.喜爱 favored perferred a.喜爱的 feed put v.供给；供应 feel detect v.察觉；感觉 finding scientific discovery fine tiny a.细小的 finely minutely ad.精细的 fixture commonplaceobjectn.固定设备；附属装置 flamed burned a.燃烧的 flattering complimentary a.称赞的；奉承的 flourished thrived n.茂盛2forage feed v.搜索；寻找食物2forage search for food v. formidable difficult a.艰难的 fortuitous sudden a.偶然的；幸运的 forward-looking progressive a.向前看的；有远见的 frame pose v.构造；提出 framework structure n.结构；框架 freeing releasing n.解除，释放 frown on disapprove of v.露出不悦之色；表示不赞成 functional usable a.合用的 fundamental basic a.基础的；基本的 furnish provide v.提供；供应 gambit calculated risk n.策略；谋略 gap open n.缺口；缝隙 give rise to bring about v.引起；带来；导致 give way to turn into v.让位；变成 glowing shining a.光亮的 good name reputation n.名声；名誉 gradually by degrees ad.逐渐地；逐步地 graphic vivid a.生动的 grumble complain v.抱怨 hard firm a.坚硬的；牢固的 hardiest most vigorous a.最强健的；最有力的 hard to deal with stubborn a.执拗的；固执的 haul load n.搬运物；载货 heart center n.中心 hemisphere side n.半球；半边 hence for these reasons ad.因此；所以 henceforth from that time on ad.自此以后 herald announce v.预示；预报 hing on depend on v.依靠 hinterland region n.地方；区域 ideal perfect a.完美的 identical exactly alike a.同样的 ignite set on fire v.着火；燃烧 imitate copy v.模仿；伪造 immunity protection n.保护 immutable unchangeable a.不变的 impediment obstacle n.妨碍；阻碍 imperceptibly subtly ad.不可觉察地；极缓慢地 implement tool n.工具；器械 implication significance n.含义；意义 imposing demanding a.紧迫的；紧急的 inaccessible enreachable a.难接近的；难达到的 in place of instead of ad.代替 in reality actually n.实际上；事实上 inaccessible unreachable a.难接近的；难达到的 inception beginning n.起初 incinerate burn up v.烧毁 incised carved a.雕刻的 incise cut v.切割；雕刻 inclination preference n.倾向；偏好 incorporate combine v.结合；合并 indeterminate uncertain a.模糊的；不确定的 influx arrival n.流入；到达 ingenuity resourcefulness n.机灵 inhibit hinder v.阻止；阻碍2initiate start v.开始；引发2initiate cause v. 2innovation new idea n.创新；革新2innovative new a.创新的 insignificant unimportant a.不重要的 instance case n.实例；例证2integral essential a.整体的；不可缺少的；基本的2integral fundamental a. intense extreme a.强烈的；剧烈的 intensive concentrated a.加强的，集中的2intent goal n.目的2intent purpose n. interchangeable equivalent a.相等的；可互换的 intermittently periodically ad.间歇地；断断续续地 intervals periods n.周期 intervention influence n.干涉；影响 intricate complex a.复杂的3intriguing attractive a.迷人的 3intriguing fascinationg a. 3intriguing fascinationg a. invade move into v.侵入 inviting attractive a.吸引人的；诱人的 justify prove v.辩护；证实 key important laborious difficult a.费力的 lie be located v.位于 load weight n.重担 locale place n.场所 lured attracted v.吸引，引诱 magnify intensify v.放大；强化3maintain preserve v.维持；坚持3maintain preserve v. 3maintain keep v. major principal a.主要的；大型的 make possible allow v.允许；使可能 mandate require v.要求 margin edge n.边；边缘2marked pronounce a.明显的；显著的2marked noticeable a. means method n.方法 merely only ad.仅仅地，只不过 meteoric rapid a.迅速的 meticulously carefully ad.小心地 minuscule tiny a.很小的；微小的 minute tiny a.微小的；细微的 modifying changing v.修改；变化 momentarily effortlessly ad.即刻 monopolize dominate v.独占；占优势2moreover furthermore ad.此外；另外2moreover in addition ad. motif design n.图案；花纹 mundane ordinary a.世俗的；普通的 myriad many a.许多的；无数的 nascent immature a.新生的；初生的 necissitate require v.使需要；使成为必需 nevertheless however ad.然而；仍然 norm standard n.标准 note observe v.注意到 notice announce v.宣告，通告2notwithstanding despite prep.尽管2notwithstanding in spite of prep. noxious harmful a.有害的；有毒的3obtain get v.获得；取得3obtain acquire v. 3obtain acquire v. obvious apparent a.明显的；显而易见的 on the threshold of at the start of 在……的起点；开端 optimal best a.最佳的 ornate elaborate a.华丽的 oscillate swing v.来回摇摆；犹豫不决 outbreak beginning n.爆发；开始 outline summarizing v.总结；概括 outstanding excellent a.杰出的；显著的 over great distances faraway a.遥远之处 oversee supervise v.检查；监督 overtake surpass v.赶上，超越 partitioning division n.分割, 划分 peak maximum a.最高的；高峰的 peculiar strange a.奇特的 penetrate go through v.穿透；透过 people in the play actor n.演员；剧中人物 periphery outer edge n.外围 permeate spread through v.渗透；透过 persist continue v.持续 personal magnetism charisma n.个人魅力 pertinent relevant a.有关的 phenomena event n.现象；事件 pick up follow v.寻找；寻路 picture imagine v.想像 pit hole n.坑；洼地 plunge drop n./v.投入，陷入 ponderous heavy a.笨重的 pore hole n.毛孔；细孔 position job n.职位；职务 postulate suggest v.假定；要求 potential possible a.潜在的；可能的 precarious uncertain a.不稳定的 precise accurate a.精确的 prefer favor v.偏好；喜欢 preside manage v.负责；统辖 presumably probably ad.大概 prevailed dominated v.成功，统治2prevailing most frequent a.盛行的；流行的；占优势的2prevailing dominant a. prevent avoid v.制止；阻止 primarily chiefly ad.主要地 primary fundamental a.基本的；初步的 prime principal a.主要的；首要的 primitive undeveloped a.原始的, 远古的 prior to preceding a.在先；居前 prized valued a.贵重的2probe explore v.探察2probe explore v. produce butter n.产物；产品2prolific productive a.多产的2prolific fruitful a. prolonged extended a.持续久的；长时期的2prominent distinguished a.显著的；卓越的；著名的2prominent famous a. proponent supporter n.支持者 prototype model n.原型；范例 protrude project v.突出；伸出 provision supply v.提供……以必需品 pry off locate v.查找 puncture pierce v.刺穿；刺破 pursue chase v.追赶 raise rear v.饲养；养育 random unpredictable a.不可知的 rapidity swiftness n.迅速 rare infrequent a.稀有的；罕见的 rather instead ad.相反；相反地 rather than instead of 而不是 readily easily ad.容易地2realization awareness n.认识；意识2realization recognition n. reap accept v.收获；接受 rear raise v.培养；饲养 reckless irresponsible a.不负责任的 recorded documented a.已纪录的 recruit enlist v.征募；补充 refreshing unusual a.清新的；清爽的 regardless of no matter what a.不管 relate connect v.相关；关联 reliance dependence n.依靠 remarkable significant a.异常的；非凡的 representative typical a.典型的2resemble be similar to v.相似；类似2resemble appear similar to v. resolve find a solution for v.解决 resort to using v.采用 revered respected v.尊敬 revise change v.修正；改造 revitalize bring new life to v.新生 robust strong a.强健的；坚强的 roll back reduce v.压低；减少2rotate alternate v.轮流；更迭2rotate turn v. rotting decaying v.腐烂 roughly approximately ad.概略地；大约 rudimentary undeveloped a.原始的；简单的 rupture burst v.破裂；裂开 rushing rapid a.急流的 sanitation health n.卫生；健康状态 saturate soak v.浸透；饱和 saying two oppositethingsparadox n.悖论；隽语 scale measure n./v.刻度/测量 scattered irrgularlydistributeda.离散的；分散的 scarce rare a.稀有的 scarcely barely ad.稀缺；珍贵 scope extent n.范围 scorched burned v.烧焦 score musicalcompositionsn.乐谱 scurrying rushing v.急赶2secure acquire v.获得；取得2secure safe ad.安全的 sedentary inactive a.不移栖的 sentiment opinion n.意见；观点 serve as function as v.充当；担任 set establish v.确定；安置 settle decide v.决定；解决 settled stabled a.固定的 severe poverty indigence n.贫困；赤贫2shield protect v.保护；避开 significance importance n.意义；重要性 significant meaningful a.有重要意义的 site location n.地点；场所 skepticism doubt n.怀疑主义；怀疑态度 sketch draw v.速写；素描 skilled expert a.熟练的；擅长的 skyrocket increase rapidly v.猛涨，突增 sleep briefly nap n.小睡；打盹 smooth operation effectivefunctioning snap break v.折断；拉断2sole only a.唯一的；独一的2sole only a. solemn serious a.严肃的；庄重的 sort out separate v.挑选出 source basis n.根源；水源；根本 source of energy fuel n.能源；燃料 spanning covering v.包含 spark bring about v.激发；发动 spawn create v.酝酿；引起 speculate hypothesize v.推测；假设 staggering overwhelming a.压倒的；压倒之势的 standard customary a.标准的 standing not flowing a.停滞的；不流动的2staple popular edition n.主要成分；流行的东西2staple basic element n. stimulate encourage v.激发；促进 storey level n.楼层；层 strain stress v.拉紧，重压 strength basis n.实力；基础 stress emphasize v.强调 striking noticeable a.显著的；惊人的 strikingly noticeablely ad.显著地；惊人地 stringent strict a.严格的；严厉的 strip remove v.除去：剥去 struggle competition n.竞争 stunning impressive a.令人印象深刻的 subject susceptible a.易受影响的；遭受影响的 subjugated conquered v.征服 subscribe to agree with v.同意 subsequent later a.后来的 subsidize finance v.资助；赞助 subsidy finance n.补助金；补贴 succinct concise a.简洁的；简练的 sufficient adequate a.足够的；充足的 suitably appropriately ad.适宜地 sumptuous luxurious a.豪华的；奢侈的 sums amounts n.和2supplant replace v.取代；替代2supplement extension n.补充；补遗2supplement add to v.补充，增加 support hold v.支持；支撑 supposedly seemingly ad.想象地；表面上 supremacy dominance n.至高无上；支配地位 supreme most outstanding a.最大的；极度的 surge increase sharply v.急剧增加 surging accelerating a.高涨的；跃进的 suspend hang v.挂；悬挂 sustain support v.支撑 sweep extend v.扫过：伸展；逶迤 symmetrical proportionallybalanceda.对称的；匀称的 tangled twisted together a.混乱的 technically officially ad.学术上；正式地 telling challenging a.有效的；有力的 teeming with full of a.充满；富于 tempting attractive a.诱人的 tend care for v.照顾，照料 testimony to evidence of n.证据；证明 thanks to because of n.由于；多亏 thereby by that means think highly admire v.钦佩；羡慕2thrive grow well v.繁荣；兴旺2thrive flourish v. thwart frustrate v.妨碍；使挫折 tolerate endure v.忍受；忍耐 trace imprint n.痕迹；遗迹 transform change v.转换；改变 transition change v.转变；过渡 trend tendency n.趋势；趋向 typify characterize v.代表，表现2ultimately eventually ad.最后2ultimately in the end ad. unchronicled unrecorded a.未记录的3undergo experience v.经历 3undergo experienced v. 3undergo experienced v. underscore emphasize v.强调 underwater craft submarine n.潜水艇 undoubtedly certainly ad.的确地2unique particular a.独特的；非凡的2unique singular a. 2unprecedented never seen before a.空前的2unprecedented not existing before a. unravel discover v.解开；阐明 unrestricted unlimited a.无限制的；自由的 unsubstantiated unverified a.未证实的；未核实的 urged encouraged v.催促，鼓励 usher begin v.引导；开始 various different a.不同的 vary differ v.变化；改变2vast large a.巨大的；大量的；广阔的2vast great a. venture endeavor n.冒险；冒险行动 version form n.版本；形式 very closely intimately ad.亲密；密切 vestige evidence n.遗迹；残余 virtually completely n.实质地 want to much greedy a.贪婪的；贪心的 whether if conj.是否 wider more extensive a.宽广的 witness observe v.目睹；目击2yield provide v.产生；出产；生长；产生效果2yield produce v. 。
石油专业英语单词
simulation n.模型、模拟、模型化simulate v.模拟、模仿simulator n.模拟程序、模拟器oil-in-place n.地下原油储量gas-in-place n.天然气地质储量influx n.注入、流入、注入口spatial n.空间的、立体的anisotropic adj.各向异性的、非匀质的heterogeneity n.不均匀、复杂性potentiometer n.电位计flow meter n.流量计flood front n.注水前缘displacement front n.驱替前缘mobility ratio n.流度比analytic solution n.解析解material balance equation n.物质平衡方程water influx n.水侵量potentiometric model n.电位模型、等势模型zero-dimensional model n.零维模型reservoir simulator n.油藏模拟器black-oil model n.黑油模型black-oil simulator n.黑油模拟器black-oil reservoir simulator n.黑油油藏模拟器gas reservoir simulator n.气藏模拟器compositional reservoir simulator n. 组分油藏模拟器compositional model n.组分模型source and sink n.源和汇wellbore coning 井底水锥进cone n.牙轮、牙锥v.锥进water-oil contact n.油水界面water-oil level n.油水界面gas-oil level n.气油界面miscible flooding 混相驱steam stimulation 蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽刺激huff and puff蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽刺激reservoir management n.油藏管理reservoir performance n.油藏动态well performance n.油井动态well rate n.油井产量gross thickness n.总厚度skin factor n.表皮系数petrophysical adj.油层物理的petrophysics n.油层物理学productivity indices = pl. of index n.采油指数injectivity index n.注水指数pattern type n.井网类型5-spot pattern n.五点井网miscible adj.混相的、互溶的miscibility n.混相能力reserve n.储量surfactant n.表面活性剂surfactant flooding 表面活性剂驱flooding n.驱替polymer n.聚合物polymer flooding n.聚合物驱caustic adj.碱的、苛性的caustic flooding 碱驱miscible slug process n.混相灌塞驱enriched gas process n.富气驱high pressure lean gas process n.高压贫气驱mutual solvent n.互溶驱co2process n.co2驱mobility n.流度pattern n.井网、模式residual adj.残余的、剩余的stimulate v.（油井）增产、（水井）增注silicate n.硅酸盐configuration n.构象、构型membrane-mimetic adj.渗透膜模拟的microbial adj.微生物的organism n.有机物interfacial tension n.界面张力recovery process n.采油方法、开采方法secondary recovery n.二次采油fatty acid n.脂肪酸in situ combustion 层内燃烧wet combustion n.湿式燃烧in situ temperature n.油层温度in situ recovery n.就地开采in situ porosity n.地层原始孔隙度steam injection 注蒸汽wet combustion 湿式燃烧miscible flooding n.混相驱microbial EOR 微生物提高采收率方法ultimate recovery n.最终采收率lean gas n.干气enriched gas n.湿气、富气enhanced oil recovery N.提高原油采收率chemical flooding n.化学驱thermal recovery n.热采miscible flooding n.混相驱separator n.分离器lightweight separator n.轻便分离器pipework n.管网、管道工程gathering lines n.集输管网supersaturated adj.过饱和的salinity n.盐度、盐性ppm=parts per million n.百万分之几water-free adj.不含水的、无水的fitting n.配件、油嘴、适合manifold adj.多方面的n.管汇oil/water emulsion n.油水乳化液emulsion n.乳化、乳化液unemulsified adj.非乳化的emulsion breaking 破乳baffle n.隔板baffle plate n.隔板、挡板downstream n.下游dimensionally n.量纲的、因次的disagreeable n.讨厌的、难对付的desalter n.脱盐剂descale v.除垢desalt v.脱盐degas v.脱气deaquation 脱水deaeration 脱气deformation 失真deoxidant 除氧剂debubble 除气泡respirator n.防毒面具、口罩dew-point pressure n露点压力hydrogen sulphide n.硫化氢wet gas n.湿气sweet gas n.不含硫天然气tank battery 集输罐组thermal cracking 热裂解well testing n.试井production rate n.开采速度、产量bottom-hole pressure n.井底压力pressure build-up test n.压力恢复试井、压力恢复测试flowing well efficiency n.流动系数formation transmissibility n.地层传导率shut-in n.关井drainage area n.供油面积、泄油面积multiple-well test n.多井试井、多井测试、干扰试井interference test n.井间干扰测试、干扰试井pulse test n.脉冲试井drill-stem test=DST n.中途试井、地层试验器试井penetrate v.穿透、透入、钻入workover operation n.修井作业reperforation n.补孔、再射孔acidization n.酸化（作用）hydraulic fracture n.人工裂缝、水力压裂裂缝fall-off test （注水井）压降试井oil column 含油高度oil string 油层套管oil withdrawal 采油量oil potential 潜在储量oil offtake 产油量interwell n.井间associated adj.伴生的associated natural gas n.伴生天然气non-associated natural gas n.气田气reinject v.回注slug n.段塞slug flow n.段塞流bubble flow n.泡流transition flow n.过渡流annularmist flow n.环雾流oil film n.油膜mist n.雾recycle v.再循环compressor 压缩机shut-down n.关井、停机throttle v.节制、调节n.节流、节流阀throughput n.生产量、生产率deviated well n.斜井offshore n.海上、近海intermittent adj.间歇的、中断的intermittent gas lift n.间歇式气举continuous gas lift n.连续气举piston n.活塞multistage adj.多级的centrifugal adj.离心的n.离心泵hydraulic adj.水力的rod pump n.有杆泵rodless pump n.无杆泵sucker n.吸入泵、吸管pull rod n.抽油拉杆rocking arm n.摇臂diesel n.柴油机、内燃机nodding monkey n.驴头standing valve n.固定阀traveling valve n.游动阀dynagraph card n.示功图elastic n.弹性的mover n.原动机counterbalance n.平衡（块）v.使平衡、抵消crank n.曲柄、摇把stroke n.冲程upstroke n.上冲程downstroke n.下冲程buoyancy n.浮力、弹性plunger n柱塞polished rod n.光杆leak v.滤式.leakage n.滤失、泄漏drainage n.排驱、排水walking beam n.游梁stuffing box n.盘根盒bride block n.悬绳器counterweight n.平衡块saddle bearing n.支架轴承pitman n.连杆gear reducer n.齿轮变速箱prime mover n.电动机、马达brake level n.制动杆belt cover n.皮带盒production battery 集油站production casing 生产套管production decline 产量递减production facility 开采设备production gain 增产油量production horizon/zone 生产层位production interval 生产层段production logging 生产测井production operation 采油作业production rate 产量production seismology 开发地震production watercut 产液含水率natural gas 凝析油associated gas 伴生气natural flow 自喷oil flow rate 原油的流量intermittent gas lift 间歇式气举high-volume well 高产井Samson posts 支架rod pump 有杆泵nodding donkey 驴头dynagraph card 示功图stuffing box 盘根盒prime mover 原动机、马达gravitational drainage 重力排驱walking beam 游梁completion 完井、完成、结束project方案、工程、项目productive 生产的、开采的、产油的casing 套管、下套管production 生产、开采、产量scale 刻度、温标、水垢anticipate 预测、预期downhole井下、底部井眼string 管柱、下套管串concentric 同心的、同轴的conductor pipe 导管surface casing 表层套管intermediate casing 中间套管pile driver 打桩机bulldozer 推土机production casing 生产套管、油层套管oil string 油层套管、生产套管oil patch 油田oilfield 油田cave 坍塌、塌陷cave in坍塌freshwater 淡水、清水、新鲜水gravel 砾石、砾砂troublesome 困难的pay zone 生产层liner 筛管、尾管slip 卡瓦safety slip 安全卡瓦slippage effect 滑脱效应liner hanger 尾管悬挂器production liner 生产尾管tubing 油管plug 赌塞、段塞packer 封隔器corrode 侵蚀、磨蚀annulus 环形空间borehole井眼、井筒squeeze 挤、挤水泥interval 间隔、间距、隔层、层段perforate 射孔perforation 射孔perforated completion 射孔完井open-hole 裸眼open-hole completion 裸眼完井perforated 射孔的、带孔的wire-wrapped screen 绕丝筛管tubingless 无油管的multiple 复合的multiple completion 复合完井unrestricted 自由的、无限制的pierce 穿孔、射孔charge 装药量shaped charges 聚能射孔弹gravel pack砾石充填wellhead 井口christmas tree 采油树choke 油嘴、节流阀gauge计量表workover 修井well performance 油井动态well sandup 井下堵砂well servicing 井维护well shutdown 关井well site 井场well stimulation 油井增产well testing 试井well workover修井well blowout 井喷well bore 井眼well cementation 固井well cleanout 洗井well completion 完井well cuttings 钻屑well killing 压井well logging 录井well pattern 井网originate v.起源，发源originate fromthrive.兴盛，繁荣prosperdeposit v.沉积，存款，存放deposition n.沉积withdrawsilt n.淤泥desilt v.除泥desilter n.除泥器sediment n.沉积，沉积物sedimentary adj.沉积的sedimentary rock沉积岩sedimentary basin沉积盆地hydrocarbon n.烃类，碳氢化合物fossil n.化石exploration n.勘探explor v.勘探IE=Internet Explorer互联网exploitation n.开发exploit v.开发seismic n.地震（人工地震）seismic survey n.地震勘探survey v. 纵览，检查，测量，勘测3-D Seismic三维人工地震dimension长，宽，厚，高度，面积，容积，大小drilling contractor n.钻井承包商rig n.钻机geologist n.地质学家trap n.圈闭trap v.圈闭，设陷阱stretch v.延伸，伸展extendsandstone n.砂岩limestone n.石灰岩lime n.石灰dolomite n.白云岩impermeable adj.不渗透的permeability n.渗透率shale n.页岩geophone n.地震检波器jug n.地震检波器vibration n.震动layer n.层rock layer岩层production layer生产层terrain n.地貌terrestrialpackhorse n.驮马compress v.压缩compressor n.压缩机air compressor空气压缩机CNG=Compressed Natural Gas 压缩天然气wildcat n.野猫井grind v.磨slant adj.倾斜的fracture n.裂缝fracture v.压裂hydraulic fracturing水力压裂mature n.成熟wellbore n.井眼borehole n.井筒，井眼enhance v.提高，改善EOR=Enhanced Oil Recovery 强化采油recover v.开采，采油recovery n.采油，采收率inject v.注入WIW=Water Injection Well注水井waterflooding n.水驱flood n.水灾，洪水flood.水淹，驱替，发洪水miscible adj.混相的component n.组分element n.元素，组成composition n.组成content n.内容，组成pellet n.小球，小团dropletbookletconduit n.大管道trunk line n.干线gathering line集输管线gathering system 集输系统truck n.树干，躯干，大衣箱，象鼻，男游泳裤asphalt n.沥青asphaltene n.沥青，沥青烯asphaltite沥青岩petrochemical n.石油化工，石油化学refinery n.炼油厂geophysicist n.地球物理学家geochemist n.地球化学家methane n.甲烷ethane n.乙烷butane n.丁烷condensate n.凝析油condense v.凝析，冷却，书略，缩写，使压缩，精简sulphur n.硫dynamite n.炸药reservoir n.油藏，水库versatile adj.多方面的，多样的manipulate v.操作，管理，利用viscosity n.粘度viscous adj.黏的viscosify v.使粘稠，稠化polyethylene n.聚乙烯polyester n.聚酯，涤纶polymer n.聚合物pharmaceutical n.药剂sulfa n.磺胺development well 开发井production well 生产井exploration well 勘探井horizontal well 水平井vertical well 直井slanted hole 斜井deviated well 斜井deviate v. 偏离，偏差inclined well斜井cluster wells丛式井horizontal drilling 水平井钻井primary recovery 一次采油primary school 小学secondary recovery 二次采油tertiary recovery 三次采油infill drilling 加密钻井directional well 定向井miscible flooding 混相驱nature gas liquids 天然气液体，凝析油sour gas 含硫天然气hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢hydrogen 氢OOIP=original oil in place 原始地质储量OIP=oil in placeGIP=gas in placeHIP=hydrocarbon in placeoil bank n.油墙，油带offshore drilling rig 海上钻井井架offshore 海洋钻井平台platform 平台，钻台，月台surface tension n.表面张力International System of UnitesSystem of International d’unitesAPI=America Petroleum Institute 美国石油协会recovery method 开采方法identified crude oil reserves 探明地质储量internal combustion engine 内燃机non-renewable resource 不可再生能源‘oil transport and storage 石油储运British petroleum=BP 英国石油公司OPEC=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织petroleum production 石油开采petroleum exploration 石油勘探well drilling 钻井surface tension 表面张力sedimentary basin 沉积盆地depressed 凹陷的，萧条的depressed area 凹陷区域depressed basin 凹陷盆地delta 三角洲shale 页岩compaction 压实作用compact 压实，压紧DVD=digital video diskVCD=video compact diskCD ROM=compact disk read only memorycoral reef 珊瑚礁debris 碎片envision 想象，展望drift away 漂移reminder 产物，遗留物crust 地壳tectonic 构造的，构造学的tectonic movement 构造运动tectonic basin 构造盆地tectonic plate 构造板块tilt 倾斜slide 滑landslidebuckle 卷曲buckle up 系上安全带twistcrumble 崩塌the crumble empirebendmerge 合并blendminglecarbohydrate 碳水化合物hydrate 水合物starch 淀粉cellulose 纤维素fossil fuel 矿物燃料derive from 衍生algae 藻类，海藻，水藻overlay 上覆overlaying rock 上覆岩层overlaying strata 盖层stratum 地层，岩层——复数stratabarrier 隔层，遮挡层permeable 渗透的wettable ——wettability 润湿的——润湿性seep 油苗，渗漏migrate 运移，迁移explorationists 勘探家intuition 直觉outcrop 露头geophysicists 地球物理学家configuration 结构palynologist 孢粉学家stretch back 追溯trace backpollen 孢粉intermingle 混合，共存mix withnormal fault 正断层reverse / thrust / upthrust fault 逆断层anticline 背斜salt dome 盐丘delta sand 三角沙洲lime 石灰basin 盆地core 岩心，核心core 取心core description 岩心描述core holder 岩心夹持器core slug 岩心塞coring bit 取心钻头cuttings 岩屑rock chips 岩屑，钻屑gas cap 气顶saturate 饱和saturation 饱和度under-saturated reservoir 未饱和油藏porous rock 多孔岩石pore 孔隙porous media 多孔介质porous material 多孔介质fault 断层structure fault trap 构造断层圈闭oil-bearing 油层，含油的production layer / zone 油层syncline 向斜crest 背部，脊部，冠，顶，浪峰fold 褶皱pinch out 歼灭prolific 富含……的，富有的stratigraphic 地层的，地层学的mineralogical 矿物学家lithology 岩石学，岩性facies 相，沉积相geophysical well log 地球物理测井porosity 孔隙度cementation 胶结作用cement 注水泥，胶结，固井，cement 水泥，胶结solution 溶解作用cementing operation 固井施工cementing engineer 固井工程kerogen 干酪根，油母岩source rock 生油岩层sedimentary layer 沉积层free gas 自由气dissolved gas 溶解气formation evaluation 地层评价bottom hole 井底recoverable reserves 可采储量undersaturated oil未饱和油drilling fluid 钻井液water cut 含水率。
石油地质专业英语词汇
石油地质学常用专业英语词汇学习2008-12-28 17:05:13 阅读644 评论8 字号：大中小Aabbreviate v. 缩写，简写abnormally ad. 异常地abrupt v. 突然的absolute porosity 绝对孔隙度access n. 接近，进入accumulate v. 聚集accumulation n. 聚集acquisition n. 获取，采集acromagnetic a. 航空磁测的acyclic a. 无环的admixture n. 混合，混合物aeolian a. 风成的，风积的aerobic a. 喜氧的affinity n. 亲合力，亲合性aformentioned a. 上述的，上面提到的agency n. 因素，营力，作用agglomeration n. 结块，凝聚aggregated gas 聚集型气agitated a. 搅动过，摇过的agitation n. 搅拌，搅动aircraft n. 飞机，航空器algae 藻类aliphatic a. 脂肪类的alkane 链烷alkane n. 烷烃，链烷alkene n. 烯烃alkylaromatic a. 烷基芳烃的alkylate v. 烷基化allochthonous a. 外来的，异地的alluvial fan 冲积扇alteration n. 蚀变作用ambient a. 周围的ambiguity n. 含糊，模棱两可ambiguous a. 意思含糊的，模棱两可的amino acids 氨基酸ammonite n. 菊石amorphous a. 非晶质的，无一定方向的amphibolite n. 角闪石amplitude n. 幅度，振幅analogous a. 类似的，模拟的angular a. 棱角状的，带角的anhydrite n. 硬石膏anomoly n. 异常，变异anoxic a. 缺氧的anteisoalkane n. 反异构烷烃anthracite n. 无烟煤anticline n. 背斜antiform n. 背斜构造aperture n.孔，孔眼apparent molecular weight 表观分子量aquatic a. 水的，水生的aragonite n.霰石area of trap 圈闭面积arene n. 芳香烃argon n. 氩arid a. 干旱的aromatic asphaltic oils 芳香沥青型原油aromatic hydrocarbon芳香烃aromatic intermediate oils 芳香中间型原油aromatic naphthenic oils 芳香环烷型原油aromatics n. 芳香烃arsenic 砷, 砒霜asphalt n. 沥青，地沥青asphaltene n. 沥青质，沥青烯asphaltenes 沥青质asphaltic a. 沥青的asphaltoid a. 沥青类的assess v. 估价，评估associated gas 伴生气association n. 联合，组合asthenosphere n. 软流圈（层）asymmetry n. 不对称at the expense of 以…为代价atectonic a. 非构造的attenuation n. 变细（薄）attribute (to) v. 把…归因于aulacogn n. 拗拉槽（谷），断陷槽autochthonous a. 原地的axiomatic a. 自明的Bbacteria (pl.) n. 细菌bacterium (sing.) n. 细菌bafflestone n. 生物堆置灰岩，障积岩baling n. 打包，填料barrier n. 堡坝，海岸沙坝，障壁base n. 基础，…基be referred to as 被称为behaviour n. 习性，动态benthic a. 海底的，水底的bentonite n. 膨润土，斑脱岩benzene n. 苯benzothiophene n. 苯硫茂benzphenanthrene n. 苯并菲benzpyrene n. 苯并芘bicarbonates 重碳酸盐（HCO3 —）bidirectional a. 双向（作用）的bifurcation n. 分叉，支流bimodality n. 双峰，双向bindstone n. 粘结灰岩，生物包粘灰岩biochemical degradation 生物化学降解biochemical rock 生物化学岩biodegradation n. 生物降解(作用) biofacies n. 生物相biogenic a. 生物成因的biological markers 生物标志物biomarker n. 生物标志化合物biomass n. 生物体，生物量biomodic a. 生物模的biopolymer n. 生物聚合物biosphere n. 生物圈biostrome n. 生物层bioturbation n. 生物扰动作用bitumen n. 沥青bituminous a. 沥青的blend v. 调合，合成bluntly ad. 直截了当地，坦率地boghead n. 藻煤bond n. 结合，化学键borehole n. 钻孔bottom water 底水bottomset n. 底积层bounce v. 弹回，反跳breccia n. 角砾岩brine n. 卤水，盐水bryozoa n. 苔藓动物门bubble point curve泡点线bubble-point 泡点buckle v. 弯折，挠曲buoyancy n. 浮力buoyant force 浮力burrow n. 洞，窟，潜穴butane 丁烷C4H10Ccalcarenite n. 钙屑灰岩，灰屑岩calcilutite n. 泥屑灰岩，钙质泥岩calcite n. 方解石calcium n. 钙（Ca）Caledonian orogeny 加里东造山运动calorific value 热值cancellation n. 消除，抹去cannel n. 烛煤cap rock/roof rock 盖层capillary n. & a. 毛细作用的capillary pressure毛细管力carbazole n. 氮芴，咔唑carbohydrates 碳水化合物carbonates n. 碳酸盐（类）Carboniferous n. & a. 石炭纪（的），石炭系（的）carboxylic a. 羧基的carcinogen n. 致癌物，诱癌剂catagenesis n. 深成作用阶段catagenesis 深成作用catalyst n. 催化剂cavity n. 洞穴cell n. 水室，池，细胞cement v. & n. 胶结（物）cementation n. 胶结作用charcoal-broiled 木炭烧烤过的chert n. 燧石，角岩chlorides 氯化物chlorophyll n. 叶绿素chromium铬chronostratigraphy n. 年代地层学clastic rock碎屑岩clayey a. 粘土质的cleavage n. 解理，裂开clogging n. & a. 堵塞（的），阻碍（的）coagulation n. 凝结（聚）作用coal bed gas 煤层气cobalt 钴cohesion n. 凝聚力，粘性cohesive a. 粘合的coincide (with) v. 与…符合，与…一致collar n. 围环colloidal a. 胶体的combination traps 复合圈闭come into being 形成，产生compaction n. 致密，压实compaction压实compatible a. 共存的，一致的competence n. 起动能力compile v. 编辑，汇编complexity n. 复杂性，组成compressibility n. 可压缩性，压缩性compressibility factor 压缩因子concave a. 凹的，凹面的concentration浓度concordant a. 与…一致的，整合的concurrently ad. 同时condensate oil n. 凝析油condensed gas 凝析气configuration n. 构型，轮廓conflict n. 冲突，抵触conglomerate n. 砾岩connected pores 连通孔隙consolidated固结conspicuous a. 明显的constriction n. 压缩，收缩constructional a. 堆积的，建设的contact n. 接触（带）contaminant 杂质contorted a. 扭曲的，弯曲的contour n. 等值（高）线contraction n. 收缩contrary to 与…相反contributor n. 捐助者，贡献者convergence n. 会聚，收敛，（地层）交汇converging a. 会聚的，聚敛的copper 铜coral n. 珊瑚cores 岩芯correlate v. 相互关联，对比correlation n. （油源）对比，相互（关系）counteract v. 抵消，阻碍counterpart n. 对应物covalent a. 共价的crack n. 裂隙，裂解craton n. 克拉通，稳定地块crescentic a. 新月形的crest n. 顶部，山脊Cretaceous n. & a. 白垩纪（的），白垩系（的）crevasse n. 裂隙，冰隙criteria (pl.) n. 标准criterion (sing.) n.标准critical a. 临界的，关键的critical point 临界点critical pressure临界压力critical temperature临界温度crude oil 原油crystalline compounds 晶体化合物cucumber n. 黄瓜culmination n. 顶点，褶皱区curvature n. 曲率，曲度customary a. 通常的，习惯的cuttings 岩屑cycloalkane n. 环烷烃cycloalkanes 环烷cycloalkylaromatic a. 环烷基芳烃的cycloheptane n. 环庚烷cyclohexane n. 环己烷cycloparaffin n. 环烷烃cyclopentane n. 环戊烷cyclopentane环戊烷cylinder n. 圆柱体cymene n. 异丙基苯Ddeasphalting脱沥青作用debouch n. 河口，流出debris n. 碎屑，岩屑deceleration n. 减速度decentralized gas 分散型气deep troughs 深海槽defy v. 不让，使不能degradation n. 降解，退化degree of mineralization矿化度dehydration n. 脱水，失水delincation n. 定界，划界delta-front 三角洲前缘demarcation n. 划界，定界dense oil 稠油density n. 密度deplete v. 耗尽，亏损，枯竭depocenter n. 沉积中心derivation n. 起源despositional a. 沉积的destructional a. 侵蚀的，破坏性的deterioration n. 退化，变质，恶化detrital a. 碎屑的deviatoric a. 偏差的Devonian n. & a. 泥盆纪（的），泥盆系（的）dew point curve露点线diagenesis 成岩作用diagenetic a. 成岩（作用）的diagnostic a. 特征的，有鉴定意义的diapiric a. 底辟的diaprism n. 底辟作用diaproportionation n. 不均，歧化作用diastrophic a. 地壳运动的diastrophism n. 地壳作用differential entrapment 差异聚集diffuse v. 扩散，漫射Dijon 第戌（法国城市）dilute v. 稀释，冲淡dip n. 倾斜，倾向，倾角discernible a. 可辨别的，看得清的discharge n. 流量，排泄，释放discrepancy n. 差异，偏差discrete a. 不连续的，离散的，个别的disintegration n. 衰变，蜕变，崩解dislocation n. 错位，位移，断错disperse v. 散布，分布disposal n. 处理，配置disseminate v. 散布，侵染dissipation n. 损耗，散逸distal a. 远端的，末端的distillate n. 馏分，馏分物distillation蒸馏作用distributary n. 分流，支流divergence n. 离散，发散diverse a. 不同的，多种多样的dolomite n. 白云岩，白云石dolomitisation n. 白云岩化downflex v. 向下弯曲，向下挠曲downthrow n. & v. 下降盘，下降断层；下落downwarp n. 下拗，拗陷drape n. 披盖，盖层drill cuttings 岩屑drilling mud钻井泥浆drive v. & n. 驱动，开动，推进ductile a. 延性的，塑性的Eechinoderm n. 棘皮类动物，棘皮动物echinoid a. 海胆形的，海胆属的echo sounder 回声探测仪edge water 边水effective permeability有效渗透率effective porosity有效孔隙度effluent n. 侧流elegant a. 优雅的，精致的elevated a. 上升的eliminate v. 消除，消去，排除elimination n. 消除，消去elliptical a. 椭圆的elongate a. 延伸的，细长的elucidation n. 阐明，解释embed v. 埋入，夹在层间，嵌入embryo n. & a. 胚胎，胚胎的，雏形的enclosure n. 包裹体，包体encompassing a. 包罗万象的encounter v. 遇到encrusting a. 结壳的，包壳的engulf v. 吞没，湮没entrap v. 俘获，捕集enzyme n. 酶Eocene n. & a. 始新世（的），始新统（的）episode n. 幕，期equatorial a. 赤道的equilibrium n. 平衡，均衡erosion v. 侵蚀erratic a. 不规则的ester n. 脂estuary n. 河口，江湾，三角港，潮区ethane n. 乙烷eustatic a. 海面升降（变化）的，全球性的evaluate v. 估计，评价，测定evaluation n. 估计，评价，测定evaporate n. 蒸发盐（岩）类evaporate rock蒸发岩exosolution n. 析出，逸出expansibility n. 膨胀性，延伸性exponential a. 指数的expulsion n. 排出，驱动extrapolate v. 推断，外推Exxon 埃克森（石油公司）Ffabric n. 组构facet n. 刻面，磨蚀面facies n. 相，岩相，期fatty acids 脂肪酸fauna (sing.) n. 动物群faunae (pl.) n. 动物群fecal a. 粪便的fenestra (sing.) n. 窗孔，膜孔fenestral a. 窗格状的，小孔的filtrate n. 渗流，滤液finite a. 有限的flank n. 翼，侧flexural a. 弯曲的flora (sing.) n. 植物群florae (pl.) n. 植物群fluid traps 流体圈闭fluorescence荧光性fluvial a. 河流的foraminifera n. 有孔虫目foredeep n. 前渊，外地槽foreland n. 前陆，山前地带foreset n. 前积层formulate v. 把…化为公式fracture裂缝fragile a. 易碎的，碎的fragmental reservoir rocks 碎屑岩储集岩fragmental rock碎屑岩fragrant a. 芬芳的，香的framestone n. 骨架岩framework n. 结构，格架，骨架friable a. 易碎的，脆性的friction n. 摩擦function groups 官能团fungi (pl.) n. 真菌fungi 菌类fungus (sing.) n. 真菌futile a. 无用的，无效的Ggas chromatography (Ge) 气相色谱法gas hydrates 气水合物gaseous a. 气体的gastropod n. 腹足纲软体动物generation生成geopolymer n. 地质（有机）聚合物geosynclinal zones 地槽带globule n. 小球，球粒gouge n. 断层泥graben n. 地堑gradational a. 渐变的，逐渐过渡的grapestone n. 葡萄石graphite n. 石墨greenschist n. 绿片岩greywacke n. 杂砂岩，硬砂岩，灰瓦克groove n. 沟，槽沟guarantee n. & v. 保证guesswork n. 推测gypsum n. 石膏HHalimeda n. 仙掌藻属halite n. 石盐halite/rock salt 岩盐heave n. 平错height of gas column 气柱高度height of oil column 油柱高度height of traps/closure闭合高度helium n. 氦（He）hemin血红素heteroatomic a. 杂原子的heteroatoms NSO 杂原子heterochronous a. 异时的heterogeneous a. 异质的，非均质的high sulfur crude oil 高硫原油hinge belt 枢纽带，捩转带hinterland n. 后陆，腹地homogenize v. 使…均匀homologous a. 同源的，同系（物）的homologous 同系物homopycnal a. 等密度的horst n. 地垒humic a. 腐植的hummocky a. 丘状起伏的humus n. 腐植质hydraulic a. 水力的，液压的hydrocarbon n. 烃，碳氢化合物hydrostatic a. 静水压力的hypogene a. 深成的，上升的hypopycnal a. 低密度的Ii-alkanes 异构链烷igneous rock火成岩imbrication n. 叠瓦构造impair v. 削弱，减少impart v. 给予，传递impedance n. 阻抗impervious a. 不透水的，不渗透的impervious rock非渗透性岩石impinge (on) v. 冲击，碰撞in bulk 大量in conjunction with 和…一起，连同…一起in response to 响应，随…而，根据in situ 原地，原点，原生incidence n. 发生，入射，倾角incite v. 刺激，鼓励incorporate v. 合并，混合incremental a. 渐进的，递增的index (sing.) n. 指数，索引indices (pl.) n. 指数，索引indole n. 氮茚，吲哚induce v. 导致，引起induration n. 固结，硬化inert a.惰性的，不活泼的inertia n. 惰性，惯性infancy n. 幼年期infauna n. 海底动物infiltration water 渗入水inflection n. 弯曲，曲折influx n. 流入量ingest v. 摄取，吸收inherit v. 继承，遗传initiate v. 开始，发动inorganic origin无机成因intact a. 完整的，未受损的intercrystalline a. 晶间的interdeep n. 山间拗陷interfacial a. 界面的，面间的intergranular a. 粒间的intermediary waters 夹层水intermittent a. 间歇的，间断的intermontane a. 山间的interregional a. 区际的，跨区域的intersect v. 横切，交叉intersection n. 横切，交叉interstice n. 空隙，间隙interstitial a. 空隙的，间隙的，填隙的intimately ad. 密切地，直接地intraparticle a. 粒内的intrusion n. 侵入，侵入体invalidate v. 使无效，使作废inversion n. 倒转，转换invoke v. 援引，引用inwards ad. 向内，向里irreversible a. 单向的，不可逆的isomer n. （同分）异构体isomeric alkanes 异构链烷isopach n. 等厚线isoparaffin n. 异构烷烃isoprenoid n. 异戊间二烯化合物isostatically ad. 均衡地，等压地Jjerk v. & n. 猛拉，冲击jet v. & n. 喷射，急流Jurassic n. & a. 侏罗纪（的），侏罗系（的）juxtapose v. 使…并置juxtaposition n. 并置，毗连Kkerogen n. 干酪根，油母岩kinetics n. 动力学Llacustrine a. 湖泊的，湖成的laden a. 充满了的lagoon n. 泻湖lamina (sing.) n. 薄片，薄层lamination n. 薄层，纹理lath n. 条板layer-cake 连续地层柱lead铅lenses 透镜体levee n. 天然堤lignite n. 褐煤lime n. 石灰，氧化钙lime-secreting 分泌钙质的，钙质充填的limestone灰岩linearly线性体lipid n. 脂类liquefy液化literfingering n. 指状穿插，楔形夹层lithification n. 石化作用lithify v. 石化lithofacies n. 岩相lithologic a. 岩性的lithology n. 岩性lithosphere岩石圈lithostratigraphic a. 岩性地层的lobe n. 舌，瓣logarithmically对数地longitudinal a. 经度的，纵向的low sulfur crude oil 低硫原油lump v. 集中，使…归并lunate a. 新月形的Mmagmatism岩浆作用magnesium n. 镁（Mg）magnesium镁maintenance n. 维持，保养manganese锰marine petroleum海相石油marl n. 泥灰岩mass spectrography (MS) 质谱法maturation n. 成熟作用meandering n. 曲流，弯曲mechanics n. 力学，机制，机理megaripple n. 巨波纹Mesozoic n. & a. 中生代（的），中生界（的）metagenesis 深成作用metagenetic a. 准变质作用的metamorphic rock变质岩metamorphism变质作用metastable a. 亚稳的metaxylene n. 间二甲苯meteoric a. 大气的，气象的methane n. 甲烷，沼气methane hydrate甲烷水合物methane甲烷methylisomer n. 甲基同分异构体microbial a. 微生物的microbial activity微生物活动microorganisms 显微有机质migrate v. 运移migration n. 运移migration运移millidarcy n. 毫达西，千分达西minimal a. 最小的，最低的miogeosyncline n. 冒地槽，冒地向斜Mio-Pliocene 中—上新世（统）miscellaneous 混杂misstate v. 谎报，伪称mobility n. 活动性，迁移率modeling n. 模拟，模式化moderate a. 中等的，适度的modification n. 改进，修正Moho n. 莫霍面molasses n. 磨拉石moldic a. 印模的，铸模的mollusk n. 软体动物molybdenum钼monocline n. 单斜morphology n. 结构，形态（学）mucus n. 粘液mudstone泥岩multichannel a. 多道的，多路的multitude n. 大量，众多mutually ad. 相互地Nn-alkanes 正构烷烃naphthalene萘naphthene n. 环烷烃naphthene环烷naphthenic oils 环烷型原油naphthenoaromatic nuclei 环烷芳香核natural gas 天然气negate v. 使…无效，取消negative ion负离子neglect v. 忽略，遗漏negligible a. 可忽略的，很小的next to 仅次于niche n. 小生境nickel porghyrin镍卟啉nickel 镍Nitrogen n. 氮（N）nitrogen compounds 含氮化合物nitrogen氮non-associated gas 非伴生气noncommercial a. 非商业的nonetheless ad. & conj. 尽管，还是；然而；依然non-hydrocarbon gases 非烃气nonmarine a. 非海洋的，非海成的nonskeletal a. 非骨骼的normal alkanes 正构链烷nourishment n. 营养，食物NSO compounds 氮硫氧化合物nucleus n. 核，地核nutrient n. 滋养剂，营养Ooblique a. 倾斜的，斜交的obliquely ad. 倾斜地，斜交地obliterate v. 消除obscure a. & v. 模糊的；搞混，使…不分明oceanology n. 海洋学odor n. 气味oil-field water 油田水oil-water contacts 油水接触olefin n. 烯烃Oligo-Miocene 渐—中新世（统）onlap n. 超覆，上超onset n. 开始，起始oolite n. 鲕粒岩，鲕石oomoldic a. 鲕穴状的optimistic a. 乐观的Ordovician n.& a. 泥盆纪（的），泥盆系（的）organic acid有机酸organic matter 有机质organic origin有机成因organometallic compounds 有机金属化合物originate v. 发源，起源orthodox a. 传统的，惯例的orthoquartzite n. 沉积石英岩（正石英岩）oscillate v. 摆动，振荡outcrop n. 露头outlet n. 出口，排水口outwards ad. 向外oval a. 椭圆的，卵形的overestimate v. 过高评价over-flowing points 溢流点overgrowth n. 增长，过度生长overlap n. 超覆，重叠overthrust n. 逆掩断层overview n. 总的看法ovoid a. 卵形的，蛋形的oxygen compounds 含氧化合物Ppacket n. 套（地层）Paleocene n.& a. 古新世（的），古新统（的）Paleozoic n.&a. 古生代（的），古生界（的）palynological a. 孢粉学的panoramic a. 全景的paraffin n. 石蜡烃，烷烃paraffinic oils 石蜡型原油paraffinic–naphthenic oils 石蜡环烷型原油paraffin石蜡烃parameter n. 参数，参量paranaphthalene蒽parlance n. 用语，说法parrotfish n. 鹦咀鱼partial saturation部分饱和particulate n. 颗粒，微粒parting n. 分离，裂理，裂开patch n. 斑，块pay sand 油砂pelecypod n. 瓣鳃纲软体动物pelletoud n. 似球粒，似团粒pelmodic a. 泥质团粒印模的peloid n. 球粒状，似球粒penecontemporaneous a. 准同期的，准同生的Penicillas n. 笔藻属，画笔藻属permeability渗透性（率）permeable a. 可渗透的permeat n. 渗透，穿过perpendicular a. 垂直的，正交的petroleum alteration石油蚀变petroleum geology石油地质学petroleum pools 油藏petroleum refiners 石油炼制者petroleum reservoirs 油藏petroliferous a. 含石油的petrology n. 岩石学phenol n. 酚phenols 苯酚photosynthesis n. 光合作用photosynthetic pigment 光合色素phytoplankton n. 浮游植物pinpoint v. 精确定位plan n. 平面图planar a. 平面的planktonic a. 浮游生物的plausible a. 似乎合理的playa n. 干盐湖plutonic water 火成岩水point-bar 点沙坝，曲流沙坝pollen n. 花粉polycondensation缩聚作用polycyclic a. 多环的，多旋回的polysaccharides 多醣pool n. 水池，储油层，油藏porosity孔隙度porous a. 多孔的porphyrin卟啉positive ion阳离子postulate v. 要求，假设potassium n. 钾（K）potassium钾（K）Precambrian n.& a. 前寒武纪（的），前寒武系（的）preclude v. 消除，妨碍precursor n. 先驱，先质体preferentially ad. 优先地preliminary a. 初步的，预先的preponderance n. 优势，优越preservable a. 可保存的preservation n. 保存，储存preserve v. 保存，储存primary migration初次运移primitive a. 原始的，早期的prior (to) ad.&a. 在…之前，居先的procedural a. 程序性的processing n. 处理prodelta n. 前三角州profiling n. 剖面勘探，剖面法progradation n. 前积，进积渐进作用prolific a. 多产的，丰富的prolong v. 延长，拖长promising a. 有希望的，有开采价值的prone a. 有…的倾向，易于…的propane n. 丙烷prophyrin n. 甾族化合物，卟啉proportional to 与…成（正）比例propping n.& a. 支撑（的）prospect n. 勘探（区），远景（区）protein蛋白质pseudo-log 视速度测井psi=pounds per square inch 磅/平方英寸pucker v. 折迭，起皱pyridine n. 氮苯，吡啶pyrolysis n. 热解，高温分解pyrrole n. 氮茂，吡咯pyrrole rings 吡咯环Qqualification n. 限制条件quiescence n. 静止，沉寂quinoline n. 氮萘，喹啉Rradially ad. 径向地，辐射地radioisotope n. 放射性同位素rampart n. 沙砾堆，浪成堤reactant n. 反应物，作用物reconnaissance n. 踏勘，普查redox 氧化还原作用reef n. 礁，矿脉refine v. 精选，提炼refraction n. 折射regime n. 状态，情况regression n. 海退，回归relative permeability相对渗透率relict n. 残余物，残留生物religious a. 宗教的remnant n. 残余物，剩余物repel v. 排斥，推斥reservoir n. 储集层，油层，产油层reservoir rock储集层（岩）residual (pl.) n. 风化壳，残余物residue n. 残余物residuum (sing.) n. 风化壳，残余物resin n. 树脂，胶质resin树脂，胶质retain v. 保持，保留retard v. 推迟，放慢retrogradation n. 退积，海岸线退后rhythm n. 韵律，周期性rift valley 裂谷，断陷谷rigidity n. 刚性，刚度rigor n. 严密，准确rigorous a. 严密的，准确的ripple n. 波纹，涟漪riverine a. 河流的routinely ad. 按常规地Ssag n. 坳陷，下挠盆地salinity n. 含盐量，盐度salinity盐分，岩度salt domes 岩丘sandstone砂岩scrape v. 刮，擦scratch n. 擦痕，划痕secondary migration二次运移secrete v. 分泌sedimentation water 沉积水seep n.&v. （油，气）苗，渗出seepage n. 油苗segment n. 片，段，部分segregation n. 分解，离析seismic a. 地震的seismology n. 地震学seismopraph n. 地震仪seismostratigraphy 地震地层学selvedge n. 断层泥，边缘带series traps 系列圈闭shale rock 页岩shearing n. 剪切shield n. 地盾shift n.&v. 移动，改变shoal n.&v. 浅滩，沙洲；变成Siberian a. 西伯利亚的Silurian n.&a.志留纪（的），志留系（的）simulation n. 模拟simultaneous a. 同时发生的sink v.&n. 下沉，洼地skeletal a. 骨架的，轮廓的skeletal mound 骨丘skeleton n. 骨骸，骨架slicing n. 切片slickensided a. 有擦痕的slip n. 平移，滑距slumping n. 滑动，崩滑sodium 钠solubility溶解性solution coefficient 溶解系数span v. 跨越，弥补sparite n. 亮晶，胶质方解石specific gravity比重spectral (pl.) n. 范围，光谱spectrum (sing.) n 范围，光谱speculative a. 推测的spine n. 壳刺，壳针，脊柱spit n. 沙咀，岬spit point 溢出点sponge n. 海绵spore n. 孢子squeeze v. 挤，压stabilizer n. 稳定剂stagnant a. 停滞的，不流的stalk n. 茎step fault 阶梯断层stereoisomer n. 立体异构体steroid n. 甾族化合物stimulation n. 激励，强化，增产storage n. 集储，贮藏STP 标准温压straightforward a. 直接的，简单的stratigraphic a. 地层学的stratigraphic trap 地层圈闭stride n. 大步，进展strike n. 走向structural trap 构造圈闭stylolite n. 缝合面，缝合线subaquatic environments 半水生环境subaqueous a. 水下的subcontinental a. 次大陆的，陆下的subordinate a. 次要的，从属的subside v. 下沉，下降subsidence n. 下沉，下降substantiate v. 证明，证实substrate n. 底层，基层succession n. 连续，系列sulfates 硫酸盐sulfide n. 硫化物，硫醚sulfur 硫sultfur compounds 含硫化合物supergene a. 表生的，浅成的superimpose (on) v. 叠加，加上superjacent a. 上覆的，上邻的supersede v. 替代，更换supplant v. 替换，取代supracrustal a. 上壳层的，外地壳的supratidal a. 潮上的surficial a. 地表的，表成的susceptible a. 灵敏的，敏感的suspect v. 怀疑suspension n. 悬浮，悬移sustain v. 支持，维持swabbing n. 抽吸，抽汲swash v.&n. 冲激，冲洗synchronous a. 同时的，同步的syncline n. 向斜synform n. 向斜式构造，向形synthem n. 序，构造层synthesis n. 综合，合成synthesize v. 综合，合成Ttabular a. 板状的take…for granted 认为…是理所当然的tar n. 焦油，沥青target n. 目标，对象taxa (pl.) n. 分类单位taxon (sing.) n. 分类单位tear fault 横推断层，捩断层tectonism n. 构造作用temporal a. 暂时的，时间上的tensile a. 张性的，拉伸的terminology n. 术语terrestrial a. 地球的，陆地的terrigenous petroleum陆相原油thermal alteration 热变质thiol n. 硫醇thiophene n. 噻吩thorium n. 钍（Th）throat n. 通道，孔喉throw v.&n. 垂直断距，落差time temperature index 时间温度指数toluene n. 甲苯topography n. 地形学，地形测量学topset n. 顶积层tortuosity n. 扭度，曲折度，弯曲度total porosity 总孔隙度trace elements 微量元素transcurrent fault 横推断层transform fault 转换断层transform water 转换水transgression n. 海进，海侵，超覆transpression n. 转换压缩，扭压作用transtension n. 转换拉张，扭张作用transverse a. 横向的，横切的trap n. 圈闭traps caused by faulting 断层圈闭traps caused by fracturing 裂缝圈闭traps 圈闭triterpenoid n. 三萜类化合物truncation n. 平截，削截，截顶tuck v. 褶叠，包，卷tuff n. 凝灰岩turbulent a. 湍流的，湍急的Uubiquitous a. 普遍存在的ultraviolet radiation 紫外线unconformiting traps 不整合圈闭unconformity n. 不整合unconsolidated a. 未固结的undeformed a. 未变形的unlithified a. 未石化的unravel v. 解开；阐明；散开unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃updip a. 沿倾斜向上的uplift v.& n. 上升，隆起，举起，提高upstream n. 上游upthrown a. 上升的upwelling n. 上升，上涌uranium n. 铀（U）urchin n. 海胆Vvalence n. (化合)价valid a. 有效的vanadium porphyrin 钒卟啉vanadium 钒variable n. 变量，变数vegetation n. 植被vertebrate n. 脊椎动物vessel n. 船，容器viable a. 可行的，富有生命的vicinity n. 附近地区viscoclastic a. 粘弹性的viscosity n. 粘性，粘度viscosity 粘度visualize v. 设想，想象，可见vitrinite n. 镜质组，镜质体vitrinite reflection 境质体反射率void n. 空隙，孔隙volumetrically ad. 从容量上vug n. 晶洞Wwarp v. 使…翘起，弄弯water washing 水洗作用wax 蜡wedge-edge 尖灭well logging 测井wellbore n. 井，井身wildcat n.& v. 初探井，野猫井winnowing n. 簸选，漂选wisp n. 小捆，一片wrench fault 平搓断层，扭断层Zzinc 锌zonation n. 分带性，带状排列。
托福常考近义词
托福常考近义词abundant-plentiful丰富的－丰富的accelerate-increase加速－增加accessible-reachable可到达的－可到达的accordingly-forthatreason因此－因此accountfor-explain说明accumulate-collect积聚－收集acute-intense急性的－剧烈的adhere-stick粘附－粘附adjunct-addition辅助－附加adorn-decorate装饰－－装饰adverse-negative相反的－负面的advocate-proponent提倡者－支持者aesthetical-artistic审美的－艺术的astound-surprise令人极为惊讶的－令人惊讶attachment(to)-preference(for)喜爱－喜爱attain-achieve获得－获得attendant-accompanying伴随的－伴随的attire-clothing衣服－衣服attribute-characteristic特征aviation-navigation航空－航空barren-infertile贫瘠的－贫瘠的bias-prejudice偏见－偏见bizarre-odd－奇异的－奇怪的boost-raise促进－提高bound-limit限制－限制break(with)-departure(from)与…相分离－与…相分离bringabout-cause导致－导致calculate-determine计划－决定carry-support支撑－支撑castoff-getridof丢弃－抛弃cease-stop终止－停止celestial-astronomical天上的－天文的chance-unplanned偶然的－未计划的characterized-distinguished具有特色的－杰出的classify-categorize分类－分类coarse-rough粗糙－粗糙cohesion-unity凝聚－结合，统一coin-create创造，杜撰－创造collectively-together共同的－一起comparably-similarly类似－同样地compile-puttogether收集－收集compose-create创作－创作，创造comprise-consistof由…组成－由…组成conceal-hide隐藏－隐藏concentrate-cluster集中－集中conclusive-definitive最后的，结论性的－最后的，确定性的concomitantwith-inconjunctionwith与…相一致－与…相一致condone-mercy宽恕－宽恕confined-limited被限制的－限制的conflict-opposition冲突－相反conjectural-basedonguessing推测的－给予猜测的consciously-onpurpose有意识地－有目的地conserve-retain保存－保存considerable-great（数量、程度）巨大的－巨大的considerable-much大量的－大量的，坚实的considerable-substantial大量的－大量的，坚实的consort-associate合伙人，伴侣－合伙人，伙伴conspicuous-noticeable明显的－明显的constituent-component组成部分－成分constitute-makeup构成－构成consult-counsel商量－商量consumption-eating消费－吃contemporary-existing当代的－现存的counteract-negate抵消－取消，否定counterpart-version副本－版本crucial-essential重要的，关键的－重要的，基本的cumbersome-burdensome麻烦的－麻烦的customary-usual习俗的－一般的dampen-moisten使潮湿－使潮湿daring-bold大胆的－大胆的deft-skilled灵巧的－熟练的deliberate-careful深思熟虑的－小心的demand-order要求－命令demonstrate-show证明－显示dense-thick密集的－稠密的depress-lower降低－降低depressed-saddened沮丧的－悲伤的，沮丧的derive-obtain取得，获得－获得detect-discoverthepresenceof发现－发现…的存在detectable-measurable可察觉的，可测出的－可测量的detectable-sizable可察觉的，可测出的－巨大的devastate-ruin损坏－毁灭devote-dedicate投身－致力dictate-determine规定－确定diffuse-travel扩散－传播dirt-soil土壤－土壤disaster-catastrophe灾祸－大灾祸discreet-careful谨慎的－小心的discrete-separate离散的－分离的dispute-argument争论－争论disseminate-spread/impart/inform传播－散布/传播/传播distinct-different截然不同的－不同的distinct-obvious明显的－明显的distinct-separate分别的，截然不同的－分离的distinction-difference区别－差别distinguished-differentiated不同的－不同的，有区别的divergence-difference分歧－不同dogma-belief/doctrine教条－信仰/教条domain-field范围，领域－土地，领域dominate-beprevalentin占优势－占优势dramatic-striking引人注目的－引人注目的drastic-radical猛烈的－根本的drastic-severe激烈的－猛烈的draw-attract吸引－吸引durable-lasting耐久的－持久的durable-endurable耐久的－持久的dwelling-house住宅－房子eagerlyanticipate-lookforwardto热切地期望－盼望elaborate-detailed详尽的，精巧的－详细的，精细的embed-encase植入－包裹embrace-welcome（欣然）接受－欢迎embrace-recipient接受者－接受者，收件人emerge-appear出现－出现emit-giveoff发射－发射employ-hire雇用－雇用enable-allow使能够－允许enable-help使能够－帮助enact-perform制定法律，扮演角色－扮演角色end-goal目的－目的entire-whole全部的－全部的entity-object实体－物体entomb-trap埋葬－使陷于…之中eradicate-eliminate根除－清除essential-fundamental基本的－基本的evidence-indicate表明－指出exalted-superior高贵的－出众的exceed-surpass超越－超过execute-create（按计划和设计）做成，制成－创造exert-apply施加－施行exorbitant-expensive昂贵的，昂贵的expedient-makeshift权宜之计－权宜之计exponentialleaps-rapidincreases几何级数般的跳跃－快速增加expose-uncover揭露－揭露exposedto-subjectto暴露于－使经受，使遭受extend-increase延长－增加，扩大extend-stretch延伸－伸展extol-praise赞美－赞扬extract-remove提取，去掉－清除faction-side帮派－一方fade(from)-disappear(from)淡出－消失fashion-create制作－创造fatal-deadly致命的－致命的[1][2][3]下一页[1][2][3]下一页托福考试指导：托福常考近意词feed-put填入－放入fine-minute细小的－微小的firstrank-highestquality顶级的－最高档次的fixture-commonplaceobject固定设备－常规物体flatter-compliment奉承－赞美forage-feed喂草料－喂食forward-looking-progressive有远见的－进步的frame-pose给…设框－使摆好姿势fundamental-basic基本的－基本的fuse-combine融合－联合gap-opening裂缝－裂缝givewayto-turninto被…所替代－转变为glow-shine发光－发光hard-firm坚硬的－坚硬的hemisphere-side半球－一侧herald-announce预示，宣布－预示，宣布homogeneous-uniform同源的－一致的imitate-copy模仿－复制immunity-protection免疫－保护implement-tool工具－工具implication-significance内涵－含义，意义impose-demand强加（要求）－要求inplaceof-insteadof代替－代替inadequate-deficient不充分的－缺乏的，不足够的incise-carve切割－雕刻inclination-preference爱好，倾向－爱好induce-cause导致－导致inevitable-ineluctable不可避免的－不可避免的influx-arrival流入－到达ingot-ablockofmetal金属锭－一块金属inhibit-hinder阻止－妨碍initially-atfirst最初－第一initiate-begin创立－开始instance-case案例－案例instantaneous-immediate立杆见影的－立即的integral-essential整体的，构成整天所必需的－基本的，必需的intense-extreme强烈的－极端的interchangeable-equivalent可替换的－等值的intervention-influence干涉－影响intricate-complex复杂的－复杂的inviting-attractive吸引人的－吸引人的jolt-shock使震惊－使震惊lament-complainabout令人对…感到遗憾－抱怨lure-attract引诱－吸引magnify-increase扩大－提高magnify-intensify扩大－加强magnitude-extent量值，大小－范围maintain-preserve/keep维持－保持/保持major-principal主要的－主要的maneuver-trick策略，花招－诡计margin-edge边缘－边缘marked-pronounced明显的－明显的meticulous-careful谨小慎微的，过分注意细节的－小心的milestone-significantdevelopment里程碑－重大的发展minuscule-tiny微小的－微小的minute-tiny微小的－微小的modify-change改变－改变monopolize-dominate垄断－支配moreover-furthermore进一步说－进一步说mundane-ordinary世俗的－平常的myriadof-many无数的－许多的nevertheless-however然而－然而novel-innovative新颖的－创新的noxious-harmful有害的－有害的obtain-acquire得到－获得obtain-get获得－得到outbreak-beginning爆发－开始outline-summarization概要－概述outstanding-excellent出类拔萃的－很好的peak-maximum顶峰－最大值peculiar-distinctive独特的－独特的penetrate-gothrough穿过－穿过persist-continue坚持－持续pertinent-relevant相关的－相关的phenomenon-event现象－事件pickup-follow沿着－沿着picture-imagine/describe想象，描写－想象/描写pit-hole深坑－洞ponder-meditate沉思－沉思ponderous-heavy笨重的－沉重的pore-hole孔－洞position-location位置－位置potential-possible潜在的－可能的prefer-favor倾向，喜欢－喜欢preoccupation-involvement全神贯注－全神贯注presideover-manage掌管－掌管prevailing-mostfrequent主要的－最经常的prevent-avoid阻止－避免primary-fundamental基础的－基本的，基础的principal-main主要的－主要的priorto-preceding在…之前－前面的prominent-distinguished卓越的－杰出的prominent-prestigious卓越的－著名的property-characteristic特性－特点proponent-supporter支持者－支持者prospect-possibility前景－可能性protrude-project突出－突出puncture-pierce刺破－刺破rapid-swift快速的－迅速的rare-infrequent希罕的－不经常的rather-instead相反－相反readily-easily容易地－容易地realization-awareness认识到－认识到reap-gain收获－获得reckless-irresponsible不负责任的.－不负责任的refreshing-unusual给人新鲜感的－不同寻常的relate-connect与…有关－与…有关reliance-dependence依靠－依靠remarkable-extraordinary非凡的－非凡的restricted-limited受限制的－受限制的revise-change修改－改变rich-abundant丰富的－丰富的robust-strong强壮的－强壮的rollback-reduce把…压到标准水平－降低，减少rotate-alternate旋转－交替rotate-turn旋转－旋转roughly-approximately大约－大概rudimentary-undeveloped初步的，尚未发展完备的－尚未发展完备的rupture-burst爆裂－爆裂sanitation-health卫生－卫生scale-climb攀登－攀登scope-range范围－范围secure-acquire弄到，获得－获得secure-safe安全的－安全的set-establish设置－建立settle-locate定居－坐落shield-protect保护－保护shyawayfrom-avoid躲避－躲避simultaneous-synchronous同时的－同时的since-because因为－因为site-location地点－位置skepticism-doubt怀疑－怀疑skilled-expert熟练的－熟练的skyrocket-increaserapidly快速上升－迅速增加smother-eliminate窒息－清楚snap-break断裂－断裂sole-only唯一的－唯一的solemn-serious严肃的－严肃的some-approximately大约－大概sortout-separate区分－分离spark-bring(about)/usher(in)引起，开始－引起/开始spawn-create引起，大量生产－创造speculate-hypothesize推测－假设spot-identify发现－确定，鉴别staggering-overwhelming令人惊愕的－压倒性的staple-basicelement主要部分－基本组成部分stationary-fixed静止的－固定的stimulate-encourage刺激－激励story-tale故事－故事strategy-scam/trick诡计－诡计/诡计strength-basis力量的源泉－基础stress-emphasize强调－强调stringent-strict严格的－严格的struggle-competition挣扎－竞争subjectto-susceptibleto易受…的－易受…的subsidize-finance资助－资助substantiate-verify证实－证实subtle上一页[1][2][3]下一页上一页[1][2][3]下一页托福考试指导：托福常考近意词-slight精巧微妙的－细微的succinct-concise/terse简短的－简明的/简短的sufficient-adequate充足的－充足的sumptuous-luxurious奢侈的－奢侈的supplement-extension补充－扩展，延伸support-hold/uphold支持－支撑/支持supposed-seeming假定的－表面上的supremacy-dominance至高无上－优势supreme-mostoutstanding至高无上的－最出类拔萃的surge-accelerate汹涌进行－加速发展suspend-hang悬挂－悬挂symmetrical-proportionallybalanced对称的－比例平衡的tangle-twist/jumble纠缠－缠绕、使混乱tempting-attractive吸引人的－吸引人的thankful-grateful感谢－感激trace-imprint痕迹－印记trend-tendency倾向－趋向unadorned-disorganized未修饰的－混乱的undergo-experience经历－经历uniform-integrate统一－整合unique-particular独一无二的－独特的unravel-discover弄清－发现usherin-begin开始－开始vary-differ改变－与…不同vast-large宽广的，巨大的－巨大的vibrate-convulse震动－震动vigilant-alert警惕的－警惕的virtually-actually/practically/almost实质上（几乎）－实际上（几乎）/实际上（几乎）/几乎witness-observe目击－观察yield-provide产生－提供。
中石油内部的托福考试评分及分级办法+应试方案
中石油内部的托福考试评分及分级办法+应试方案中石油内部的托福考试CNPC 英语模拟托福考试评分及分级办法一、目的:判断参试人员的英语水平，以便对其进行培训或授与相应的工作。
二、考试方式: 参试人员应参加笔试和口试。
对其口、笔试成绩进行综合评定，确定参试人员的相应级别。
三、笔试: 1、笔试内容:笔试分为三部份。
第一部分为听力，第二部份为文法，第三部份为阅读。
听力部分 50 个小题，文法部分 40 个小题，阅读部分 50 个小题。
2、笔试评分:笔试按托福评分办法进行。
A B C D 3、笔试分级标准: 级 530 以上; 级 480 以上; 级 450 以上; 级 450分以下四、口试: 1、口试小组的组成:口试小组由三名教师组成对参试人员进行口试。
2、口试成绩评分:口试成绩分为四级，即 A、B、C、D。
三名教师各自给出相应的成绩，取平均成绩为该考生的口试成绩。
3、口试成绩评定标准: A 级:对教师提出的所有问题理解迅速、准确，不需教师做任何帮助或提示，回答准确，能表达自己完整的意念，发音基本正确。
可有语法、语音等方面的问题，但不影响理解。
B 级:对教师提出的所有问题理解迅速、准确，不需教师做任何帮助或提示，回答较正常语速慢，有时表达完整的意念略有困难或不够清楚准确，需教师提问确认，语言不够简洁，但不影响交流。
发音基本正确可有语法、语音等方面的问题，但不影响理解。
C 级:能回答教师提出的一般问题，语速较慢，需要较多的提示才能维持对话，表达完整的意念有困难需要教师帮助，语音、语法、表达方面存在很多问题，教师理解经常有困难但无严重的发音障碍。
D 级:能回答最简单的问题，但经常用母语向教师询问或寻求帮助不能表达完整的意念。
语音、语法方面问题很多，需要较长时间的训练才能达到要求。
五、综合评定成绩: 将笔试与口试成绩进行综合评定即为该生的综合评定成绩。
综合评定成绩分为四级，即 A、B、C、D 四级。
2023中石油职称考试词汇特训笔记
2023中石油职称考试词汇特训笔记
以下是一些与中石油职称考试相关的词汇，这些词汇可以帮助你更好地理解和应对考试。
1. 石油：石油是一种化石燃料，主要由碳和氢组成，通常用于生产燃料和化学品。
2. 天然气：天然气是一种无色、无味、无毒的气体，主要成分是甲烷，通常用于家庭和工业加热、电力生产等。
3. 石油工程：石油工程是研究石油和天然气的勘探、开发和生产的一门学科。
4. 钻井：钻井是石油工程中的一项重要技术，通过钻探地下的石油和天然气资源。
5. 油田：油田是指蕴藏着大量石油和天然气的地区，通常需要进行勘探、开发和生产等活动。
6. 采油：采油是指将地下石油和天然气资源开采出来的过程。
7. 炼油：炼油是指将石油经过加工提炼成各种燃料和化学品的过程。
8. 管道运输：管道运输是指通过管道将石油和天然气从产地运输到目的地的方式，具有高效、安全、环保等优点。
9. 储油罐：储油罐是指用于储存石油和天然气的容器，具有较大的容量和较好的密封性能。
10. 油气分离：油气分离是指将采出的石油和天然气进行分离的过程，以便分别处理和利用。
以上是一些与中石油职称考试相关的词汇，希望对你有所帮助。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
中石油模拟托福同义词汇_2Typify…characterize具有。
特征，具有。
特点Supplement…add to 补充，增加Contemporary-一written at that time 当代的Representative…typical 典型的Prized—valued被看作有价值的，贵重的、宝贵的Overtaken―surpassed 赶上,超过Intervals…periods 间隔，周期Freeing■一releasing 释放Plunge…drop投入、跳进，滴、落下Collective—group集体的，团体的Resolve…find a solution for 溶解Noticed—observed察觉，观察、遵守Tangled…twisted together 纠结的、紊乱的Concealed…covered 隐蔽的Accordingly…for that reason 因此、于是Recorded—documented记录的，备有证明问价的Drawing…attracting吸引instruct指导,通知，命令，教授Crucial—important重要的，决定性的Avail themselves…make use 利用Ponderous…heavy笨重的，沉重的Unique…particular独特的，独冇的Attained…achieved 取得，得到Abundant…plentiful丰富的、充裕的Peculiar…distinctive特殊的，有特色的Meticulously…carefully细致的、一丝不苟的，小心的Durability…endurance耐久性、坚固，忍耐力、忍耐、持久Carved-一incited 雕刻的Consumed…eaten 消耗，吃Innovative…new革新的、创新的Extract…remove取出，调动Whether…if是否Scorched…burned 烧焦的Obtain■-acquire 获得、去得Consequence…result 结果Striking…noticeable显著的，显而易见的Exceed…go beyond 超过Generated…caused生成、发生，引起、使发生Norm…standard规范，标准Henceforth…from that time on 今后.从此以后Mandated…required 托管，需要Immutable一-unchangeable 不变的Revered…respected令人尊敬的Extolled…praised 赞美Consistent…constant始终如一的，恒定的、不变的Intent—goal 11的、意图、急切的，H标Administered…managed 管理、负责Periphery…outer edge外围、边缘，外缘Inception…beginning 起初,开始Fabricating-一constructing 制作，构造Resort to—using依靠、求助于，利用、使用Ingenuity…resourcefulness独出心裁的,心灵手巧的Characteristics-一qualities 特性Functional…usable功能的，可用的Significant…meaningful 重人意义的Attained■■-reached 取得，得到、到达Flamed—burned 火烧的Encompass…include 包含Came to the forefront…became importantHinged on…depended on 依。
而定，根据。
Lured…attracted被吸引，吸引Expendable…nonessential可消费的、可牺牲的，非必须的Notwithstanding…despite 尽管，虽然Intricate…complex 复杂的Random■-unpredictable随机的，不可预测的Optimal—best最佳的，最好的Urged…encouraged 催促，鼓励Convergence…gathering 会聚，聚会Carried on…continued 继续Diverse…varied不同的、多变的Ensures―guarantees 保证Suitably—appropriately 适当地Affectional tie…emotional attachment 情感上的联系Scarce—rare 稀有的Resemble…look like 类似、像Coarse…crude粗糙的Brittle…easily broken 易碎的Appreciated…recognized欣赏、感激，公认的Merely…only仅仅、只是Emitting—producing 发出、散发，生产Spanning…covering横跨.跨越，覆盖Pursue…chase追赶，追逐Altogether…completely 完全地Intensive…concentrated 集中的Assumption…belief假定、设想，信仰Prevailed…dominated胜过、获胜，统治、支配地位的Depicted…described 描绘，描述Foremost…leading最重要的，主要的Meteoric…rapid急速的，迅速的Apace with…as fast as 和。
一样快Wider…more extensive 广阔的There by…by that means 因此Unique…singular独一无二的，单一的Rotting—decaying腐败，腐烂、颓坏Key—important关键的，重要的Bound…held绑定，握住Converted—changed 转变，改变Antecedent…predecessor 先行者，前辈Appealing…attractive 吸引人的Locale…place场所、现场，地方Boosted…raised升高的，提高、凸起的Scope…extent 范围Profi le—productiveEager-enthusiastic渴望的、热切的，热情的、狂热的Engaged…hired使用中，雇用Subsequent…later后来的，更迟的Sums…amounts总数，总和Identical—exactly alike 同一的、完全相同的Heart…center心脏，中心Graphic…vivid形彖的，生动的Distinct…separate明显的、有区别的，单独的Undoubtedly—certainly毋庸置疑的，确定的Components■一parts 部科：Besides…in addition to 除。
之外Favored…preferred有利的、宠爱，偏爱、首先、优选的Integral…fundamental完整的、基础的Flourished…thrived 兴盛、繁荣Grumbled…complained 抱怨、埋怨Serve—function服务，功能、行驶职责Sole—only唯一的，仅仅Detecting…finding检测，发现。
发现Sedentary—inactive久坐的、坐惯的，不活跃的、怠惰的Subjected-一exposed 使。
遭受,暴露、揭露Essence…basic nature本质、实质、精华Diverse…different 不同的Noted-observed注意、注意到的Emphasize■一stress 强调Accessible…available易接近的，可得的Account for…explain对。
负有责任、对。
做出解释，解释Smooth operation…effective functioning正常运转、平稳运转，有效的与转Cluster—group群、使聚集，群的、团体Alert--ware警告、留心的,留心Scurrying…rushing 疾走，猛冲Formidable…difficult强大的、可怕的、艰难的，苦难的Intent-■一purpose 目的Regardless of—no matter what 不顾、不管Marked…noticeable 显著的Confine■一restrict 限制Presumably…probably 大概、或许Sustain…support维持、支撑，支撑、支持Insignificant…unimportant 不重要的Ultimatelyeventually 最后Demise■-death 死亡、终止Finding■一scientific discovery 发现Convert…change转变，改变Primarily…chiefly首先、主要的Prevailing…dominant 占优势的Undergone…experienced 经历Vast-great广阔的、巨大的Precarious…uncertain危险的、不确定的Settled—stable稳定的,固定的，牢固的Chronicle…describe记录、编年史，描述Ornate…elaborate华丽的，楷心制作的Derived from…based on來源于，以。
为基础、基于Various…different各种各样的，不同的Account for…explain对。
负有责任、对。
做岀解释，解释Subjugated—conquered被征讨的，征服、战胜Synonymous with…equivalent与。
同义，同意义的、等价的Excavating―digging 挖掘Agents…causes代理商、代理人，原因？Aided…helped辅助的。
帮助，帮助Estimated-—judged估计的、预计的,判断的Pry off…remove撬开，移动Littered…covered凌乱的废弃物，覆盖Favored…preferred 宠爱，偏爱Laborious…difficul艰苦的、费劲的，困难的Surge—sharp increase激增，飞涨，急剧上升Unprecedented…not seen before 空前的、无前例的Obscure…unclear模糊的，不淸晰的Display…exhibit展示、展览Load—weight负载，重量、负担Precise—accurate精确的、明确的，精确的Exercise…utilize 使用，利用Elicit—bring out抽出、引出、引起，出版、推出Probe—explore 探査，探索Accumulated…collected累积的，积累的Prolific…fruitful多产的、丰富的Ideal-perfect理想的、完美的Standard…customary标准的、习惯的、通常的Strain…stress张力，压力、紧张Accordingly—consequently 因此Teeming with---full of 装满Resemble…appear similar to 类似、像Postulated—suggested被假设的，建议、暗示Depended--relied 信赖、信任Subscribed to-一agreed with 赞成Stunning—impressive极好的，感人的、令人钦佩的Spawn…create产卵、大量生产，创作、创作Partitioning一-division 分害9Enhanced…increased加强、增大的，增强的Transition…change过度、转变，改变Ignited—set on fire点燃、使燃烧，焚烧、使情绪激昂Evolution…development进化论、进展，发展Momentarily…briefly暂时地，短暂地Depict…represent描述、描画，描绘、代表Advent…arrival 到来Affront…insult轻蔑、冒犯，侮辱、无礼Intriguing—fascinating有趣的、迷人的、吸引人的Endless…continuous无止境的、连续的Adequate…sufficient充足的，足够的Rather than…instead of而不是、另可… 也不愿,代替、不是… 而是Thrived…grew well兴盛、繁荣Forage…search for food饲料、搜寻粮草Intermittently…periodically 间歇地、周期性的Furnish--provide 提供、供应Oscillating—swinging振荡的，摇摆的、活跃的Are easily disposed…have a tendency 有。