TPO25听力问题(托福真题)

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TPO25

TPO25

The reading passage and the listening part hold different views on whether the vessels inside a set of clay jars were used as electric batteries. The professor states that the vessels were used as electric batteries which contradicts what the author states. The professor uses three specific reasons to support his idea.First, the author claims that the vessels should be attached to electricity conductors which are necessary evidences for the presence of the electricity conductors, but there is not any metal wires located near the vessels. The professor refutes that since the vessels were found by local people who were not professional archaeologist, those important evidences such as metal wires might have been thrown away. Obviously, the professor's argument disprove the counterpart in the reading passage.Second, even though the author believes that the copper cylinders inside look like those which are not for generating electricity discovered in another ancient city located nearby, the professor insists that the copper cylinders might not be simply used for one purpose. They might be originally used for one purpose, but they were adapted for another purpose as well. The professor points out that the author's statement is unjustified by proving that it is possible for the cylinders found with jars having two using purposes and being used for batteries.Besides, despite the author states that ancient people had no devices to use electricity which means that the vessels could not be used as batteries, the professors disagrees. The professor mentioned that those ancient people had already advanced skills for electricity power,some invisible power. For example, ancient people convinced others that they had magic power by using electricity. Also, ancient doctors were able to use electricity combined with special mild electric currents for healing.。

托福TPO25综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文

托福TPO25综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文

¡¡¡¡ÎªÁ˰ïÖú´ó¼Ò¸ßЧ±¸¿¼Íи££¬Îª´ó¼Ò´øÀ´Íи£TPO25×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ­ÎÄ+ÌýÁ¦Ô­ÎÄ+Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ£¬Ï£Íû¶Ô´ó¼Ò±¸¿¼ÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO25×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ­ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡In 1938 an archaeologist in Iraq acquired a set of clay jars that had been excavated two years earlier by villagers constructing a railroad line. The vessel was about 2,200 years old. Each clay jay contained a copper cylinder surrounding an iron rod. The archaeologist proposed that vessel were ancient electric batteries and even demonstrated that they can produce a small electric current when filled with some liquids. However, it is not likely that the vessels were actually used as electric batteries in ancient times. First of all, if the vessels were used as batteries, they would probably have been attached to some electricity conductors such as metal wires. But there is no evidence that any metal wires were located near the vessels. All that has been excavated are the vessels themselves. Second, the copper cylinders inside the jarslook exactly like copper cylinders discovered in the ruins of Seleucia, an ancientcity located nearby. We know that the copper cylinders from Seleucia were used for holding scrolls of sacred texts, not for generating electricity. Since the cylinders found with the jars have the same shape, it is very likely they were used for holding scrolls as well. That no scrolls were found inside the jars can be explained by the fact that the scrolls simply disintegrated over the centuries. Finally, what could ancient people have done with the electricity that the vessels were supposed to have generated? They had no devices that replied on electricity. As batteries, the vessels would have been completely useless to them.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO25×ÛºÏд×÷ÌýÁ¦Ô­ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡Your reading says that these vessels were not used as batteries in ancient times, but the arguments used in the reading are not convincing. The battery explanation could very well be correct.First, about the absence of wires or other conductors. Remember, vessels were discovered by local people, not archaeologists. These people might have found other material located near the jars. But since they were not trained archaeologists, they may not have recognized the importance of that material. So materials serving as wires or conductors might have been overlooked as uninteresting or even thrown away. We'll never know.Second, it is true that the copper cylinders in the vessels are similar to the cylinders used to hold scrolls, but that does not really prove anything. It's possible that the copper cylinders were originally designed to preserve scrolls. And that some ancient inventor later discovered that if you use them together with iron rods and some liquid in a clay vessel, they will produce electricity. That's how the first ancient battery could have been born.In other words, the copper cylinders could have been originally used for one purpose, but then adapted for another purpose.Finally, there's the question of the possible uses of the battery in the ancient world. Well, the battery could produce a mild shock or tingling sensation when someone touched it. This could very well have beeninterpreted as evidence of some invisible power. You can easily see how people could convince others that they had magical powers through the use of the battery. Also, the battery could have been used for healing. Modern medicine uses mild electric current to stimulate muscles and relieve aches and pains. Ancient doctors may have used to batteries for the same purpose.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO25×ÛºÏд×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ£º¡¡¡¡In the reading material, the author states that the vessels found in Iraq in 1938 were not actually used as electric batteries in ancient times. However in the listening material, the professor refutes that the first, according to the reading passage, the author suggests that if they were used as batteries, they would have been attached to some electricity conductors. However in the listening, the professor claims that we should remember that the discovery was made by local people along with some other materials. As they were not trained as archaeologist, they could not recognize the importance of some certain excavations. Perhaps they were overlook as something uninterested and then thrown away. Second, the author in the reading material mentions that the vessels were likely used for holding scrolls. Unfortunately the professor argues that it could not prove anything. It is possible that the vessels may be originally designed to scrolls. However ancient inventor then discovered that if the vessels were used with iron rod and some liquid, it could generate the electricity. So the copper cylinders may be originally used for one purpose but adapted for another purpose. Finally, the author of the reading passage asserts that the vessels would have been completely useless to ancient people as they had no devices that replied on electricity. In the contrary in obviously contradicts with the listening passage in which the professor contends that the battery could generate some mild shock and this also interprets evidence of some invisible power that how people convince others they had the magic power. Also it could be used for healing. In modern society doctors would use batteries to stimulate muscles and release pains. In ancient times people could also do that. In conclusion, according to the listening material, the argument that the vessels could not be used as batteries is unwarranted.¡¡¡¡ÒÔÉÏÊǸø´ó¼ÒÕûÀíµÄÍи£TPO25×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ­ÎÄ+ÌýÁ¦Ô­ÎÄ+Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ£¬Ï£Íû¶ÔÄãÓÐËù°ïÖú!。

托福TPO25听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析

托福TPO25听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析

托福TPO25听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析为了帮助大家高效备考托福,为大家带来托福TPO25听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析,希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO25听力Conversation1文本Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and his academic advisor.Professor: Hi, Mark. What can I do for you?Student: I am just filling out this approval for graduation form for the dean's office, and I don't know, I hope I will be able to graduate next semester.Professor: Well, as long as you've met the departmental requirements and you submit the form on time, you shouldn't have any problem.Make sure you include all the classes you will have taken for your degree in finance and the electives too.Student: Yeah, but as I look over the form, I got confused because of the way, um…they've changed the requirements. So now I am not sure I will be qualified to graduate next semester. I know I would, before, under the old requirements.Professor: Well, when the business department changed the curriculum to include more courses in international business, to ... well, because of the increasing globalization of business. We made sure that students who have finished their second year, that is, those who are in their third or fourth year, wouldn't be affected. The new rules only apply to students in their first or second year.Student: That's good to know. Uh... the department's hiring new faculty too I heard, to teach some of the new courses. But I want to...Professor: Yes. One new faculty member has been hired. She will be teaching International Banking as a matter of fact.Student: Actually, that's what I want to ask about - International Banking. I took International Banking 1, but I never took International Banking 2. It used to be that the second semester of International Banking was an elective, but now it says it's a required class.Professor: Yes. But that's one of the recent changes. So...Student: Oh, Oh, OK. Oh. And ... and I am planning to take a management course next semester, but I don't know if it's ... if it will count toward my major.Professor: What's the course?Student: Organizational Behavior.Professor: Yes. That will count toward your major. That's a difficult class, you know. But well worth it. So it looks like you will have all the required classes you need. You should be just fine. Uh... I assume you have taken a seminar?Student: Yeah, I took the marketing seminar.Professor: OK. You are looking good. Just to be on the safe side, why don't you talk to someone in the dean's office before you give them the form?Student: OK. So should I just explain to them that even though one of these classes got changed from an elective to a required class, I don't have to take it?Professor: Yes. You've met the requirements for graduation. And if there's something I need to do ... if I need to write a letter or whatever, just let me know.Student: OK. Thanks. I'll let you know if I need that letter.托福TPO25听力Conversation1题目1.What is the conversation mainly about?A. The student’s eligibility to graduate ne xt semester.B. The student’s difficulties in registering for classes.C. A difficult class the student must take next semester.D. Possible elective choices in the student’s degree program.2.According to the woman, why was the program’s curriculum changed?A. To attract more international students to the program.B. To reflect the growing importance of international business.C. To take advantage of the expertise of new faculty members.D. To give students a stronger background in management.3.What does the woman imply about the new departmental requirements?A. They will not affect the student’s plans for graduation.。

托福TPO25听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析

托福TPO25听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析

为了帮助大家高效备考托福,为大家带来托福TPO25听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析,希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO25听力Conversation1文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and his academic advisor. Professor: Hi, Mark. What can I do for you? Student: I am just filling out this approval for graduation form for the dean's office, and I don't know, I hope I will be able to graduate next semester. Professor: Well, as long as you've met the departmental requirements and you submit the form on time, you shouldn't have any problem.Make sure you include all the classes you will have taken for your degree in finance and the electives too. Student: Yeah, but as I look over the form, I got confused because of the way, um…they've changed the requirements. So now I am not sure I will be qualified to graduate next semester. I know I would, before, under the old requirements. Professor: Well, when the business department changed the curriculum to include more courses in international business, to ... well, because of the increasing globalization of business. We made sure that students who have finished their second year, that is, those who are in their third or fourth year, wouldn't be affected. The new rules only apply to students in their first or second year. Student: That's good to know. Uh... the department's hiring new faculty too I heard, to teach some of the new courses. But I want to... Professor: Yes. One new faculty member has been hired. She will be teaching International Banking as a matter of fact. Student: Actually, that's what I want to ask about - International Banking. I took International Banking 1, but I never took International Banking 2. It used to be that the second semester of International Banking was an elective, but now it says it's a required class. Professor: Yes. But that's one of the recent changes. So... Student: Oh, Oh, OK. Oh. And ... and I am planning to take a management course next semester, but I don't know if it's ... if it will count toward my major. Professor: What's the course? Student: Organizational Behavior. Professor: Yes. That will count toward your major. That's a difficult class, you know. But well worth it. So it looks like you will have all the required classes you need. You should be just fine. Uh... I assume you have taken a seminar? Student: Yeah, I took the marketing seminar. Professor: OK. You are looking good. Just to be on the safe side, why don't you talk to someone in the dean's office before you give them the form? Student: OK. So should I just explain to them that even though one of these classes got changed from an elective to a required class, I don't have to take it? Professor: Yes. You've met the requirements for graduation. And if there's something I need to do ... if I need to write a letter or whatever, just let me know. Student: OK. Thanks. I'll let you know if I need that letter. 托福TPO25听力Conversation1题目 1.What is the conversation mainly about? A. The student’s eligibility to graduate next semester. B. The student’s difficulties in registering for classes. C. A difficult class the student must take next semester. D. Possible elective choices in the student’s degree program. 2.According to the woman, why was the program’s curriculum changed? A. To attract more international students to the program. B. To reflect the growing importance of international business. C. To take advantage of the expertise of new faculty members. D. To give students a stronger background in management. 3.What does the woman imply about the new departmental requirements? A. They will not affect the student’s plans for graduation.。

托福TPO25口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文

托福TPO25口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文

为了帮助大家高效备考托福,为大家带来托福TPO25口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文,希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO25口语Task6听力文本: Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class. (female professor) Rocks near the Earth's surface are directly exposed to elements in the environment such as air and water, and also to conditions such as temperature change as well as to living organism. And this exposure to the environment can actually cause even huge rocks to break into smaller pieces. This process is called weathering. Let's talk about a couple ways weathering occurs.First of all, rocks are often exposed to water. In cold wet environments rocks can break due to water freezing inside of them. How does this happen? Well, as I am sure you know, when water freezes it expands and over time this can lead to weathering. Um, imagine a rock with a small opening or crack in it. It rains and water gets into the crack and stays there. Then, at night, the temperature drops and water inside the crack freezes. This growing, expanding ice pushes outward on either side of the crack causing it to get slightly bigger. When this happens again and again, the crack becomes larger and eventually pieces of the rock break off. OK, weathering can also be caused by plants, by a plant growth. If a plant seed gets blown into the crack of a rock, it may take root. And its root will grow down into the rock. The plant’s roots can cause the rock to break down, uh, fracture. You may have seen this with large trees growing on top of a ro ck, a great example of this. Usually there’s enough dirt in a crack of a rock or on top of a rock to allow a tree to start growing there. As the tree grows over the years, the tree’s roots extend downward into the crack and crevasses of the rock in search of water and nutrients. Over time, the roots get bigger and grow deeper, widening and enlarging the cracks, causing the rock to break apart. 托福TPO25口语Task6题目: Using point and examples from the lecture, explain two ways weathering occurs. 托福TPO25口语Task6满分范文: There're two ways for rock to weather. The first one is by water. Rocks are often exposed to water, so they can break as a result of water freezing inside of them. When it rains, the rainwater falls into the small cracks in the rock and stays there. Then when the temperature drops at night, the water freezes into ice, which expands and sticks out of the cracks, pushing outward and thus gradually enlarging the cracks until finally the rock breaks off from the inside. Another one is by plant growth. Usually there's some dirt in the cracks or on the top of a rock, which is enough for a plant to grow there. So when the seed of a plant stays, it may take root there. And the roots then extend deeper into the cracks searching for water and nutrients.Over time, the roots grow bigger and deeper. Meanwhile they enlarge and widen the cracks from the inside, which also results in a breaking-apart. (166 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO25口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文,希望对你有所帮助!。

TPO25听力问题(托福真题)

TPO25听力问题(托福真题)

Conversation11. What is the conversation mainly about?A. The student‟s eligibility to graduate next semesterB. The student‟s difficulties in registering for classesC. A difficult class the student must take next semesterD. Possible elective choices i n thestudent‟s degree program2. According to the woman, why was the program‟s curriculum changed?A. To attract more international students to the programB. To reflect the growing importance of international businessC. To take advantage of the expertise of new facultymembersD. To give students a stronger background in management3. What does the woman imply about the new departmental requirements?A. They will not affect the student‟s plans for graduationB. They will not be officially approved by the department until next yearC. They will be limited to students specializing in the international businessD. They will be similar to recent changes made in other departments at the university4. Why does the woman mention writing a letter?A. To point ou t the best way for the student to contact the dean‟s officeB. To confirm that a personal letter is a graduation requirementC. To indicate that she is willing to provide the student with further assistanceD. To emphasize that the student will need special permission to graduate5. Why does the woman saythis 重听题A. To suggest that the student has not fulfilled all of his requirementsB. To indicate one of the new graduation requirementsC. To find out the student‟s opinion about a particular classD. To be sure that the student has taken a required classLecture 16. What is the main purpose of the lecture?A. To explain the government‟s role in the regulating assisted migrationB. To discuss ways in which plants and animals adapt to climate changeC. To discuss a controversial approach to conserving plant and animal speciesD. To describe a recently discovered consequence of global warming7. According to the professor, what problem is assisted migration intended to overcome?A. To diminishing amount of undeveloped land that species can migrate throughB. The relative lack of nutrients available in cooler latitudes and higher elevationsC. The increase in alternations between cool and warm periodsD. Competition from other species in certain native habitats8. What point does the professor make when she discusses the cane toad?A. Translocated species sometimes die out from lack of foodB. Translocated species may spread too quickly in their new environmentC. Several techniques are available to achieve assisted migrationD. Animal species are often easier to translocate than plant species are9. What does the professor imply when she mentions translocating networking of species?A. There are aspects of interdependency that are unknownB. Some species evolve in ways that help them survive in new habitatsC. It is difficult to know how far to move a network of species from its native habitatD. Many assisted-migration plans should involve the translocation of just one species10. What does the professor imply about the government‟s role in regulating assis ted migration in the United States?A. The government should continue to encourage assisted migrationB. The government has created policies that have proved unhelpfulC. The government should follow the example set by other countriesD. The government needs to increase its involvement in the issue11. What is the professor‟s attitude toward the effort to save the Florida torreya?A. She is glad that some conservationists are willing to take a chance on assisted migrationB. She is concerned because it may have unintended consequencesC. She is surprised because other species are more endangered than Florida torreya isD. She expects the effort will have to be repeated several times before it succeedsLecture-212. What is the lecture mainly about?A. The influence of the Romantic style of music on eastern European composersB. The relationship between nationalism and popular music in the early 1900sC. The popularity of folk music in Austria-Hungary during the early 1900sD. The influence of folk music on the compositions of one Hungarian composer13. What does the professor imply about romantic music in Austria-Hungary in the early 1900s?A. It was not as popular there as it was in other European countriesB. It motivated Bart‟k to listen to other types of musicC. It was listened to in the countryside more than it was in the citiesD. Its popularity was due to the workof Bart‟k and other ethnomusicologists14. Why does the professor mention local celebrations in the countryside?A. To show how folk music influenced composers throughout Eastern EuropeB. To give an example of when performances of Bart‟k music took placeC. To give an example of occasions when Bart‟k had an opportunity to hear folk musicD. To talk about why romantic music was popular in the countryside15. What was Bart‟k original goal when he started to travel through eastern Europe?A. To promote his ballet, the wooden princeB. To document the local popular musicC. To discover which musical elements were popular in all countriesD. To find unusual musical elements he could use in his own compositions16. According to the professor, why was Bart‟k music popular in Austria-Hungary?A. Bart‟k music was considered more sophisticated than other concert-hall musicB. Bart‟k compositions in corporated music from the local cultureC. People were familiar with the Romantic elements Bart‟k included in his musicD. Bart‟k took advantage of the popularity of ballet there and wrote many new ballets17. What does the professor mean when he says this: 重听题A. He wants to change the topic of discussionB. He wants to acknowledge that the students may not be familiar with Bart‟k‟s musicC. He believes the students should already be familiar with the term …glissando‟D. He will use an example of glissando to help define the termConversation-218. Why does the man go to see the professor?A. To find out how to distinguish between different types of whale songsB. To request permission to change the topic of his paperC. To discuss the difference between using the internet and using books to find sourcesD. To get help locating some information for his paper19. What is the topic of the man‟s paper?A. How whales hold their breathB. Whale migration patternsC. Characteristic of whale habitatsD. The differences between the circulatory system of whales and that of other mammals20. What is the professor‟s attitude toward the man‟s question about how whales hold their breath?A. She thinks he does not need to spend a lot of time looking for the answerB. She is surprised because she has already addressed this question in classC. She dismissed it as unimportantD. She is pleased that has a plan to obtain the answer himself21. Why does the professor mention the limited time students have to complete their papers?A. To suggest that looking at research on the internet is a good way to save timeB. To point out that the library has reduced the amount of time it is open each dayC. To indicate her expectations for the amount of research to be done for the paperD. To emphasizethe important of starting to write the paper a couple of weeks before it is due22. According to the professor, how does a whale conserve oxygen while underwater? Click on 2 answersA. Its heart rate decreasesB. Its lung capacity temporarily increasesC. It slows the pace of its swimmingD. Blood flow to certain organs is decreasedLecture-323. What is the lecture mainly about?A. The history of language in ancient EgyptB. The process that was used to create hieroglyphic writingC. The competition between two scholars to solve an archaeological puzzleD. The circumstances that led to the solution of an archaeological puzzle24. What was demotic script used for in ancient Egypt?A. Decorations on temples and monumentsB. Administrative documentsC. Illustration for storiesD. Representations of objects25. Why was ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing difficult for scholars to interpret?A. The language that it was based on was no longer usedB. The same words were often represented by several different symbolsC. It consisted of a mixture of three different languagesD. Only fragments of it were found26. What is the professor‟s opinion about Thomas Young‟s word with hieroglyphs?A. She feels that Young has not received the credit he deservesB. She is amazed that Young‟s conclusion about hieroglyphs was correctC. She is surprised that Youngdid not recognize his own accomplishmentsD. She thinks that Young‟s work was not careful enough to be taken seriously27. According to the professor, what led to the decoding of the Rosetta Stone?A. A hieroglyph that represented the name of a personB. A written and oral description of a historical eventC. The realization that each hieroglyph represented a different object or conceptD. The dis covery that the word for “Sun”is written the same way in Greek, demotic, and hieroglyphics28. How did Young‟s and Champollion‟s studies of hieroglyphs differ from earlier studies ofhieroglyphic writing?A. Young and Champollion had access to large collections of hieroglyphic writingB. Young and Champollion both guessed that hieroglyphs were symbols for soundsC. Young and Champollion both spoke Greek and CopticD. Young and Champollion shared their research with one anotherLecture-429. What is the discussion mainly about?A. The professor‟s recent research on play and brain developmentB. Differing explanations of the reasons for playC. Examples of two distinct types of play fightingD. Differences in the play behaviors of various animal specials30. One of the students brings up the example of play fighting among wolf pups. What does this example lead him to believe?A. That wolves are especially violent animalsB. That the play-as-preparation hypothesis is probably correctC. That wolves seldom engage in self-handicappingD. That the results of a recent study are probably not reliable31. Which statement best expresses the professor‟s opinion of the play-as-preparation hypothesis?A. It is well supported by available evidenceB. It may apply only to certain species of animalsC. It does not explain some important aspects of playD. It is particularly useful explaining human behavior32. What does the professor imply about self-handicapping? Click on 2 answersA. It commonly occurs in play but not in other activitiesB. It applies only to animal species that do not hunt for foodC. It has been observed only in laboratory settingsD. It contradicts the play-as-preparation hypothesis33. The professor discusses a study on the relationship between brain growth and play. What does that study conclude?A. Patterns of brain growth are similar in animals that play and animals that do not playB. Excessive brain growth can sometimes limit an animal‟s behavioral vocabularyC. Animals that do not play have less-developed brains than animals that playD. Animals without well-developed brains are seldom observed playing34. What does the student mean when she says this:A. She is not familiar with the play behavior of wolf pupsB. She doubts that wolf pups fight as much as the other students impliesC. She is not sure that she correctly understood the reading assignmentD. She disagrees with the other student‟s opinion about play behavior。

TPO25 听力原文

TPO25 听力原文

TPO 25 Conversation 1Listen to a conversation between a student and his academic advisor.Academic Advisor: Hi Mark, what can I do for you?Student: I’m just filling out this approval for graduation form for the Dean’s office and ... I don’t know, I hope I will be able to graduate next semester.Academic Advisor: Well, as long as you’ve met the departmental requirements and you submit the form on time, you shouldn’t have any problem. Make sure you include all the classes you will have taken for your degree in finance and the electives too.Student: Yeah, but as I look over the form, I got confused because the way, uh, they’ve changed the requirements, so, now I’m not sure how qualified to graduate next semester. I know I would before, under the old requirements.Academic Advisor: Well, when the business department changed the curriculum to include more courses in international business to, well, because of the increasing globalization of business, we made sure that students would finish to their second year that is those who were in their third or fourth year wouldn’t be affected. The new rules only apply to students in their first or second year.Student: Oh, that’s good to know. Uh, the department is hiring new faculty too, I heard, to teach some of the new courses? But, I want to...Academic Advisor: Yes, one new faculty member has been hired. She’ll be teaching International Banking as a matter of fact.Student: Actually, that’s what I wanted to ask about, International Banking. I took International Banking 1, but I never took International Banking 2. It used to be that the second semester of International Banking was an elective, but now it says it’s a required class.Academic Advisor: Yes, but that’s one of the recent changes, so...Student: Oh, oh, okay. Oh, and I am planning to take a management course next semester but I don’t know if it’s, if it will count toward my major.Academic Advisor: What’s the course?Student: Organizational behavior.Academic Advisor: Yes, that’ll count toward your major, that’s a difficult class you know, but well worth it. So it looks like you’ll have all the required classes you need, you should be just fine. Uh, I assume you’ve taken a seminar?Student: Yeah, I took the marketing seminar.Academic Advisor: Ok, you’re looking good. Just to be on the safe side, why don’t you talk to someone in the Dean’s office before you give them the form?Student: Ok, so should I just explain to them that even though one of these classes got changed from an elective to a required class I don’t have to take it?Academic Advisor:Yes, you’ve met the requirements for graduation, and if there’s something I need to do, if, if I need to write a letter or whatever, just let me know.Student: Ok, thanks. I’ll let you know if I need that letter.TPO 25 Lecture 1Listen to a part of a lecture in a conservation biology classWhen consequence of global warming is extinction, there is compelling evidence that global warming will be a significant driver of many plant and animal extinctions in this century. So we are considering various strategies to help some threaten species survive this unprecedented, this warming trend which, as you know, is caused mainly by greenhouses gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels. The most radical strategy being debated among conservation biologists is assisted migration.Assisted migration means picking up members of the species or members of a group ofinterdependent species and physically moving or translocating them. Translocating threatened species to a cooler place to higher latitudes or higher elevations for example.Now migrations are natural survival strategy. Over the past 2 million years, colder glacial periods have alternated with warmer inter-glacial periods. And so in response to these gradual climatic swings, some species have shifted their ranges hundreds of kilometers. So perhaps you are wondering why not let nature take its course now. Well we can't. The main problem is today’s fragmented habitats. During previous inter-glacial periods, When glaciers were treated they left behind open land in their wakes. Today human development has paved much of the natural world. Ecosystems are fragmented; housing developments, highways, and cities were placed or sliced through forests and prairies. There are few carters left for species to migrate through without help.So conservationists are trying to save as many species as possible. Now, assisted migration could become a viable part of our rescue strategy, but there are a number of uncertainties and risks. Without more research we can't predict if assisted migration will work for any given species. A translocated species could die out from like a food for example. At the other extreme, we might successfully translocate the species but within five or ten years, that species could proliferate and become an invasive species. Like a non-native plant that chokes out native plants by hugging the nutrients in the soil. Translocated animals can become invasive too. It happened in Australia. The cane toad was introduced back in 1935 to control an insect pest that was destroying Australia sugar cane plantations. But the cane toad itself became a pest and it destroyed much of the wild life on that continent. Also, many species are interdependent, intimately connected to one another. Like animals that eat a certain plant and that plant relies on a certain fungus to help it get nutrients from soil. And on a certain insect for pollination, we probably have to translocate entire networks of species. And it’s hard to k now where to draw the line. And in addition to all that it’s not even cleared that the assisted migration or any migration for that matter will help at least for some species. Earth was already at one of its warm inter-glacial periods when we started burning fossil fuelsAnd in the 21st century, global temperatures are expected to rise two to six degrees. That rate of heating’s far greater than during the last glacial retreat some twelve thousand years ago. Whether to use the assisted migration? This debate is mostly within the biology community right now. But the ultimate decision makers, in United States at least, will be the government agencies that manage natural resources. Assisted migration really needs this level of oversight and soon currently there is no public policy on using assisted migration to help species survive climate change. People aren’t even required to see permits to move plants or invertebrate animals around as long as they are not classified as pests.In one case a group of conservationists has already take it upon itself to try on their own to save the endangered tree, the Florida torreya tree through assisted migration.There is only about a thousand individual Florida torreyas left and global warming is expected to significa ntly reduce or eliminate this tree’s habitat. So this conservation group wants to translocate seedlings, Florida torreyas seedlings, 500 kilometres north, in order to expand the species’ range. The group believes that its effort is justified but I and many other biologists will be watching very closely how this maverick group makes out because, like I said there could be unintended consequences TPO 25 Lecture 2Listen to part of a lecture in a music history classProfessor: So, I just finish reviewing your papers on the influence of nationalism of composers' music. And initially, I was surprised that none of you chose to write about Bella Bartok. That isn't until I remembered that we haven't had a chance to discuss him in the class yet. He was wonderful and ground-breaking composer. Bella Bartok was a Hungarian whose life stretched from the late 19thcentury to the middle of 20th century. But he was not a fan of the romantic style of music that was popular in his homeland during his youth.Female student: Wait, Hungary wasn't a country in 1900, was it?Professor: You're right, I should've been clear. Bartok was born in Austria Hungary, a nation that broke apart when he was 40 years old. Actually the town where he was born is presently part of Romania. The political history of that region is complex. Suffice to say Bartok is generally known has a Hungarian composer. So, during Bartok's youth, the music played in the concert halls of the Austria Hungary was dominated by romantic pieces by mostly German composers. We discussed the romantic style last week. These pieces were long and lyrical. They were meant to have a sort of grandeur about them. And in the early 1900 composers worked in the romantic style were the most popular in Austria Hungary. But Bartok, he was part of the musical community that was trying to change this. And it let him to, well; the first thing he did was leaving to travel. He looked to the countryside for the music of the farmers and the people who lived in the small towns. And their music, well, you can say he discovered the music that was popular in those areas.Male student: What do you mean?Professor: Well, all the music we've been talking about the past few weeks it really was all in the cities. That's where the composers and the orchestras were. Out in remote areas of the countryside in rural locations, music was more traditional. The same song was enjoyed by previous generations. Bartok went out. He travelled to a significant portion of Eastern Europe actually. He roamed the countryside and listened to the music III in the small towns and all sorts of celebrations. He attended weddings, dances and religious ceremony where he heard a very different sort of music from the romantic stuff being played in the concert halls in the cities. The music he heard is what we were considered folk music.Male student: And any of those same songs played in the concert halls?Professor: No. At first, he went around to document the folk music. He really wanted to make sure that folk songs were written down before they disappeared. In fact, Bartok didn’t start out a trip thinking himself as a composer. He was an ethnomusicologist, and he studied the traditional music of the region. But it turns out that what were later had but notable influence on the European music on the whole, was the way Bartok used the elements he heard in folk songs in his own compositions. He adopted a number of elements from what he heard, like unusual rhythms and he liked to use Gelli Sandor as his home mark, which you probably got from listening to Croatian folk music. Gelli Sandor is, well, I've got a recording of Bartok here. Let's wait until the music is fresh in our minds. Susie, do you have something you want to ask first?Female student: Yeah. Before, you mentioned nationalism, and...Professor: Ah, right! Yes. When Bartok kept new pieces performed, their folk music routes made them instantly popular. It happened to be a time of strong nationalism in Austria, Hungary. So his composition came just at the right time. It became very successful there. Particularly, when Bartok's ballet The Wooden Prince opened, it was a great excitement for music that included musical elements from local folk songs, music that reflected the region's musical traditions. However, as popular as Bartok was in his homeland, he did not get much international recognition during his lifetime.TPO 25 Conversation 2Listen to a conversation between a student and his biology professor.Student: Well, you know, I’m reading the papers about whales, and the path they travel as they swim through the ocean, their migration patterns.Professor: Yes, I remember.Student: Well, I was thinking about it, and I realized I don’t understand how they hold their breathsunder water. It’s a little crazy for me to be writing a paper about migration patterns without actually knowing how they stay underwater for so long.Professor: Did you do any research to find out how they do it?Student: Yeah, I did. I searched on the Internet, and there was a lot of information about whales, their habitats, the way they communicate, you know, their songs. But if there was anything about whales and how they hold their breaths, I missed it. I’ve got a bunch of books. Actually, I’ve got so much information, and it’s a little overwhelming.Professor: I’m surprised that there is nothing about it in any of those books.Student: Well, to be honest, I’ve only skimmed them so far. I’m still working on finding sources. Professor: Ok, I know I encourage everyone in class to look at a substantial number of sources, but I don’t want you to get overwhelmed. Looking at a number of sources gives you a good knowledge base, but students only have a limited amount of time to work on each pa per. I don’t expect you to read a dozen of books on whales for this assignment. Focus on just a few.Student: Ok, thanks.Professor: You know, since you’re already here, I can give you a quick summary of how whales hold their breaths underwater. It’s just a matter of certain adaptations in their anatomies, specifically in their circulatory system.Student: So, the blood flow is what makes the difference?Professor: Yes, and in a couple of ways. First, blood makes up a larger share of whale’s weight than any other mammals.Student: So they can store more oxygen because they have more blood?Professor: Yes, but that’s only part o f it. They also have a greater capacity than land animals to store oxygen in their blood.Student: So how does having more oxygen in their blood help them stay underwater longer? Professor: It’s the way the whale’s blood carries oxygen to the rest of its body. Whales carefully conserve their oxygen when underwater in a couple of ways. When a whale dives, its metabolic weight drops, causing its heart beat to slow down. And the blood flow to its muscles and some of its none-vital organs, like its kidneys, is also cut off. Whale’s muscles and none-vital organs are able to function without oxygen for an extended period of time.Student: I see, well, now I can concentrate on my topic.TPO 25 Lecture 3Listen to part of lecture in history class, the professor has been discussing Egyptian hieroglyphs.Egyptian hieroglyphs are the ancient Egyptian writings, found in ancient Egyptian on walls, monuments, and on the inside and outside of the temples. Hieroglyphic writing ended abruptly about 1600 years ago, and it mystified the most brilliant minds in the study of the Egyptian artifacts and archeology for many many centuries. Finally, the possibility of deciphering hieroglyphs came about with the discovery in 1799 of the Rosetta stone.The Rosetta stone is arguably the most famous archeology artifact ever discovered. It contains the same exact text written in three different alphabets: Greek, demotic and hieroglyphic. But we didn’t even know at first, that the three texts on the Rosetta stone contain the same information. And two of the three alphabets are ancient Egyptian scripts that stop being used, the hieroglyphic and the demotic. The demotic script found on the Rosetta stone, um …well, demotic was not as elaborate as the hieroglyphic writing. It was used for Mundey matters or like administrator documents. These ancient Egyptian scripts were replaced by Coptic script, but eventually the Arabic language replaced the Coptic, and this cut off the linguistic link between ancient and modern Egypt. Now the Rosetta stone was remarkable, because as I said, hornet was the same text in three different alphabets: Greek,demotic and hieroglyphs. The soon was centrally the dictionary that the scholars needed to interpret the meaning of hieroglyphs, and it took a uniquely equipped researcher to finally decipher and understand what was written on the stone.Thomas Yang, an English scholar, was the first to seriously attempt to decide for the symbols on the Rosetta stone. He suspected rightly, that the hieroglyphs were phonetic symbols, that they represented sounds rather than pictures. Until then, all scholars assumed that the hieroglyphs were pictographs, that they symbolize objects or concepts. Thomas Yang focused his attention on one set of hieroglyphs that he thought would probably spell out a single word, the name of a king or queen. He guessed that the symbols represented the name of the earlier Egyptian ruler Ptolemy, since Ptolemy was also written in Greek on the stone and was indeed a Greek name. And Yang did actually prove that these hieroglyphs represented sounds rather than whole words. Strangely though, he gave into the dominant thesis of the day that hieroglyphs were pictographs. He actually dismissed his own finding, as an anomaly, because the Ptolemy Dynasty was Greek, not Egyptian. In other words, he figured it was an exception to the rule. It was phonetic because it was Greek not Egyptian. How else could an Egyptian to pick a Greek name other than spell it out? And that brings us to the hero of our story, Jean-Françoise Champollion.Champollion built on Yang’s work, showing that different hieroglyphs spell the name of the kings or queens like Alexander or Cleopatra. But his critics noticed that this was still not traditional Egyptian names, he hasn’t done anything more than Yang has been able to do. So he couldn’t disprove the dominant theory. Then, in 1822, Champollion was shown a set of hieroglyphs that contain traditional Egyptian names. The first two of the symbols were unknown, but Champollion knew that the repeated hieroglyphs to the far right symbolized an “s”sound. He then drew on his linguistic knowledge to arrive at the solution to the problem. You see, unlike the any of other scholars who have tried to crack the code, Champollion happened to be fluent in Coptic. He wondered and this was the real breakthrough. If the Coptic was the language that symbolized by the hieroglyphs on Rosetta stone, and if so, then perhaps that first this shape symbol might represent the sound. And the Coptic word for sound is “ra” . See where this was it headed, so if the symbol were Coptic, the first symbol would be “ra” . And then, an unknown symbol followed by a double ”s”sound, was this Champollion wondered the name “Ramses”. He was eventually able to confirm that it was. So, he had figured it out. Hieroglyphs were mainly phonetic, they represent sounds not pictures, and the underlined language was Coptic. A lot of work remained, but Champollion had cracked the code.TPO 25 Lecture 4Listen to part of a lecture in an animal behavior classProfessor: Alright, I hope you all had a chance to finish the assigned readings about animal play, because I want to spend some time discussing the different viewpoints presented in those articles. Let’s start with th e play-as-preparation hypothesis. Jerry, can you explain that?Jerry: yeah, play-as-preparation hypothesis, young animals play in order to get really good at certain specific things they’ll need to do when they are adults. Things like chasing, pouncing, climbing. In other words, they play in order to practice survival skills, like movements used in hunting and fighting. That hypothesis makes a lot of sense, like, maybe the most sense of all the theories we read about. Professor: And, what leads you to that conclusion?Jerry: Well, like wolves, the young pups, they fight a lot and bite, you know, not to hurt each other, but, just seems obvious why those wolf pups play like that, give them practice with skills that’ll make them better hunters or fighters as adults.Female student: Oh, I don’t know about that. I mean, some of the things the young animal does while playing are totally different from the things they will do as an adult. There was a really good examplein second article. I can’t remember what it‘s called exactly... uh... self...Professor: Self-handicapping?Female student: RIGHT! Self-handicapping, like during the fake fight... uh... a play fight, if one of the animals is winning, the winning animal might just stop and give up its advantage.Professor: Yes, and often a shift to a submissive posture, too. Of course self-handicapping hardly ever happens in a real fight, because in a real fight, well, the point is to win. So this self-handicapping is important to take this into account before deciding to go with that first explanation, and in fact, there really isn’t much in the way of solid experimental evidence to support the play-as-preparation hypothesis.Female student: What about the other one, the flexibility hypothesis?Professor: Ah, yes. Let’s talk about that. As you say, play is much more than just pretend fighting or practicing other adult behaviors. Apparently, it also contributes to the development of a brain that’s flexible. A brain that’s quickly able to get a handle on unfamiliar situations. This notion, the flexibility hypothesis, well, many of my colleagues find it quite persuasive.Female student: So like, with kids, a little kid might play a game with a friend, and then they might raise each other across the field, so, they are switching from one type of play to another. There’s a lot of variety? I mean, they are learning to response to whatever happens?Professor:Well, that’s the general idea. But let’s hold off on talking about human behaviors from now. OK, according to the flexibility hypothesis, yes, the diversity, the variety in play can lead to a broader behavioral vocabulary.Jerry: A broader behavioral vocabulary? Can you explain what that means?Professor: Well, sometimes play results in an animal doing something it would not normally do, that can lead to the animal learning to adapt, to come up with new behaviors that can help it cope with major problems later on, like staying safe or finding food.Female student: Yeah, and there was that brain study you had us read about, too.Professor: Oh, the one on how play affects development within the brain?Female student: Right, that’s it. About the animals raised in an environment where they did not get opportunities to play?Professor: Yes, wasn’t the conclusion interesting? T hat play literally stimulates growth creates connections within the brain? We need to do further studies, but...Jerry: Excuse me. Can we go back to play fighting for a minute? I’m wondering, can the flexibility hypothesis really explain that?Professor: P lay fighting? Actually that’ something that flexibility hypothesis explains very well, since play fighting includes variations in speed and intensity, and quick raw reversals involved with self-handicapping, and animal that’s play-fighting is constantly responding to changes. So it’s learning to be flexible.。

5月25日托福听力真题

5月25日托福听力真题

5月25日托福听力真题听力有一篇lecture是讲兰花的reproduction 一篇conversation是讲一个学生因为个人原因没有去参观博物馆,但他对参观的内容有一些疑问希望得到博物馆帮忙相关工作人员告诉他可以和talk用邮件联系另一个conversation是一个学生想要研究植物还是什么的需要老师帮忙包括借实验室之类的。

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Conversation11.What is the conversation mainly about?A. The student‟s eligibility to graduate next semesterB. The student‟s difficulties in registering for classesC. A difficult class the student must take next semesterD. Possible elective choices in thestudent‟s degree program2.According to the woman, why was the program‟s curriculum changed?A. To attract more international students to the programB. To reflect the growing importance of international businessC. To take advantage of the expertise of new facultymembersD. To give students a stronger background in management3. What does the woman imply about the new departmental requirements?A. They will not affect the student‟s plans for graduationB. They will not be officially approved by the department until next yearC. They will be limited to students specializing in the international businessD. They will be similar to recent changes made in other departments at the university4. Why does the woman mention writing a letter?A. To point out the best way for the student to contact the dean‟s officeB. To confirm that a personal letter is a graduation requirementC. To indicate that she is willing to provide the student with further assistanceD. To emphasize that the student will need special permission to graduate5. Why does the woman saythis重听题A. To suggest that the student has not fulfilled all of his requirementsB. To indicate one of the new graduation requirementsC. To find out the student‟s opinion about a particular classD. To be sure that the student has taken a required classLecture 16. What is the main purpose of the lecture?A. To explain the government‟s role in the regulating assisted migrationB. To discuss ways in which plants and animals adapt to climate changeC. To discuss a controversial approach to conserving plant and animal speciesD. To describe a recently discovered consequence of global warmingA. To diminishing amount of undeveloped land that species can migrate throughB. The relative lack of nutrients available in cooler latitudes and higher elevationsC. The increase in alternations between cool and warm periodsD. Competion from other species in certain native habitats8. What point does the professor make when she discusses the cane toad?A. Translocated species sometimes die out from lack of foodB. Translocated species may spread too quickly in their new environmentC. Several techniques are available to achieve assisted migrationD. Animal species are often easier to translocate than plant species areA. There are aspects of interdependency that are unknownB. Some species evolve in ways that help them survive in new habitatsD. Many assisted-migration plans should involve the translocation of just one species10.What does the professor imply about the government‟s role in regulating assisted migration in the United States?A. The government should continue to encourage assisted migrationB. The government has created policies that have proved unhelpfulC. The government should follow the example set by other countriesD. The government needs to increase its involvement in the issue11.What is the professor‟s attitude toward the effort to save the Florida torreya?A. She is glad that some conservationists are willing to take a chance on assisted migrationB. She is concerned because it may have unintended consequencesC. She is surprised because other species are more endangered than Florida torreya isD. She expects the effort will have to be repeated several times before it succeedsLecture-212. What is the lecture mainly about?B. The relationship between nationalism and popular music in the early 1900sC. The popularity of folk music in Austria-Hungary during the early 1900s13. What does the professor imply about romantic music in Austria-Hungary in the early 1900s?A. It was not as popular there as it was in other European countriesB. It motivated Bart‟k to listen to other typesof musicC. It was listened to in the countryside more than it was in the citiesD. Its popularity was due to the workof Bart‟k and other ethnomusicologists14. Why does the professor mention local celebrations in the countryside?B. To give an example of when performances of Bart‟k music took p laceC. To give an example of occasions when Bart‟k had an opportunity to hear folk musicD. To talk about why romantic music was popular in the countryside15.What was Bart‟k original goal when he started to travel through eastern Europe?A. To promote his ballet, the wooden princeB. To document the local popular musicC. To discover which musical elements were popular in all countries16.According to the professor, why was Bart‟k music popular in Austria-Hungary?A. Bart‟k music was considered more sophisticated than other concert-hall musicC. People were familiar with the Romantic elements Bart‟k included in his musicD. Bart‟k took advantage of the popularity of ballet there and wrote many new ballets17. What does the professor mean when he says this:重听题A. He wants to change the topic of discussionB. He wants to acknowledge that the students may not be familiar with Bart‟k‟s musicC. He believes the students should already be familiar with the term …glissando‟D. He will use an example of glissando to help define the termConversation-218. Why does the man go to see the professor?A. To find out how to distinguish between different types of whale songsB. To request permission to change the topic of his paperD. To get help locating some information for his paper19.What is the topic of the man‟s paper?A. How whales hold their breathB. Whale migration patternsC. Characteristic of whale habitatsD. The differences between the circulatory system of whales and that of other mammals20.What is the professor‟s attitude toward the man‟s question about how whales hold their breath?A. She thinks he does not need to spend a lot of time looking for the answerB. She is surprised because she has already addressed this question in classC. She dismissed it as unimportantD. She is pleased that has a plan to obtain the answer himselfB. To point out that the library has reduced the amount of time it is open each dayC. To indicate her expectations for the amount of research to be done for the paperD. To emphasizethe important of starting to write the paper a couple of weeks before it is due22. According to the professor, how does a whale conserve oxygen while underwater? Click on 2 answersA. Its heart rate decreasesB. Its lung capacity temporarily increasesC. It slows the pace of its swimmingD. Blood flow to certain organs is decreasedLecture-323. What is the lecture mainly about?A. The history of language in ancient EgyptB. The process that was used to create hieroglyphic writingD. The circumstances that led to the solution of an archaeological puzzle24. What was demotic script used for in ancient Egypt?A. Decorations on temples and monumentsB. Administrative documentsC. Illustration for storiesD. Representations of objects25. Why was ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing difficult for scholars to interpret?A. The language that it was based on was no longer usedB. The same words were often represented by several different symbolsC. It consisted of a mixture of three different languagesD. Only fragments of it were found26.What is the professor‟s opinion about Thomas Young‟s word with hieroglyphs?A. She feels that Young has not received the credit he deservesB. She is amazed that Young‟s conclusion about hieroglyphs was cor rectD. She thinks that Young‟s work was not careful enough to be taken seriously27. According to the professor, what led to the decoding of the Rosetta Stone?A. A hieroglyph that represented the name of a personB. A written and oral description of a historical eventC. The realization that each hieroglyph represented a different object or conceptD. The discovery that the word for “Sun”is written the same way in Greek, demotic, and hieroglyphics28.How did Young‟s and Champollion‟s studies of hierogly phs differ from earlier studies ofhieroglyphic writing?A. Young and Champollion had access to large collections of hieroglyphic writingB. Young and Champollion both guessed that hieroglyphs were symbols for soundsC. Young and Champollion both spoke Greek and CopticD. Young and Champollion shared their research with one anotherLecture-429. What is the discussion mainly about?A. The professor‟s recent research on play and brain developmentB. Differing explanations of the reasons for playC. Examples of two distinct types of play fightingD. Differences in the play behaviors of various animal specials30. One of the students brings up the example of play fighting among wolf pups. What does this example lead him tobelieve?A. That wolves are especially violent animalsB. That the play-as-preparation hypothesis is probably correctC. That wolves seldom engage in self-handicappingD. That the results of a recent study are probably not reliable31.Which statement best expresses the professor‟s opinion of th e play-as-preparation hypothesis?A. It is well supported by available evidenceB. It may apply only to certain species of animalsC. It does not explain some important aspects of playD. It is particularly useful explaing human behavior32. What does the professor imply about self-handicapping?Click on 2 answersB. It applies only to animal species that do not hunt for foodC. It has been observed only in laboratory settingsD. It contradicts the play-as-preparation hypothesis33. The professor discusses a study on the relationship between brain growth and play. What does that study conclude?A. Patterns of brain growth are similar in animals that play and animals that do not playB. Excessive brain growth can sometimes limit an animal‟s behavioral vocabularyC. Animals that do not play have less-developed brains than animals that playD. Animals without well-developed brains are seldom observed playing34. What does the student mean when she says this:A. She is not familiar with the play behavior of wolf pupsB. She doubts that wolf pups fight as much as the other students impliesC. She is not sure that she correctly understood the reading assignmentD. She disagrees with the other student‟s opinion about play behavior。

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