英汉语言对比-习题_+答案汇编
新英汉翻译教程 第三章.英汉语言对比答案
小节结束
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3. 1. 3 英语爱用静态词，汉语常用动态词
英语喜欢使用静态词汇，而汉语则 多使用动态词汇，英译汉时常常把原文 中表示动作意义的静态叙述转换成汉语 的动态叙述。
第 三 章 重 点
3. 2 英汉词汇表达对比
3.2.1 英语词汇含义多 3.2.2 英语词汇搭配多 3.2.3 英语词汇在句中的位置多
课堂互动2
3. 3 英汉句法结构对比
3.3.1 英汉句子结构的互换 A. 英语简单句可转换成汉语复合句 B. 英语并列句、复合句可转换成汉语简单句 3.3.2 英汉句子顺序的调整 A.调整时间顺序 B.调整空间顺序 课堂互动3 C.调整逻辑顺序
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例1：Inspiration is the number one cause of greatness. If information is power, then inspiration must be the power of our potential. The power that moves us from the systematic to the spontaneous. From ideas to results.
【译文】这时候，他从烤架上拿了些羊肉，庄重地送 到我们面前，我们各自取了一些，可是我们早已 没有了胃口，只不过做做样子，装吃罢了。
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例2：Harvard Business School opened in the early 20th century, and pioneered the casestudy method of teaching—making use of real-world scenarios, instead of relying on academic theory—a methodology that has remained the bases for many MBA programmes around the world today.
英汉语言对比考试复习资料
一、单选题1.英语经历了古英语、______ 和现代英语三个时期。
A、中世纪英语B、早期现代英语C、中古英语D、盎格鲁—撒克逊答案： C2.下列汉语少数民族语言地名英译正确是A、雅鲁藏布江 the Yaluzangbu RiverB、乌鲁木齐 WulumuqiC、呼和浩特 HuhehaoteD、日喀则 Shigatse答案： D3.中国新式标点符号诞生的时间是？A、1921年2月B、1919年4月C、1920年2月D、1919年6月答案： C4.英汉缩略词有哪些不同点？A、还原难度B、简而不明C、省时省力D、不稳定答案： A5.How are you Lennox? Good to see you ______ and about.A、upB、onC、downD、in答案： A6.下列哪一组汉语姓氏来源于官职A、姬，云，龙B、司马，司徒，帅C、秦，韩，赵D、石，陶，巫答案： B7.下列汉字由会意造字法造出的一组是A、明武信林B、拉河山森C、忘想小大D、武木林足答案： A8.“pull one's leg”的译文是______?A、扯后腿B、开玩笑C、赶紧，快点D、阻止某人答案： B二、判断题1.综合语的特征是运用词的形态变化来表达语法关系。
A、正确B、错误答案：正确2.分析语的特征是用语序及虚词来表达语法关系。
A、正确B、错误答案：正确3.“我家的后面有一个很大的园，相传叫作百草园。
”该句最符合英语表达习惯的译文是Behind our house was a great garden commonly known as Hundred-plant Garden.A、正确B、错误答案：正确4.汉语句子流散的原因：缺乏形态变化、固定语序、主题突出特点、主语跳跃A、正确B、错误答案：正确5.She is such a trouble-maker that no one likes to be in the same team with her.该句最符合汉语表达习惯的译文是她是个会制造麻烦的人，没人愿意跟她呆在一组。
英汉语言对比-练习题-2-reference answers
Chapter 2Ⅰ. Answer Questions15This is because English language has rigid rules on sentence structure centered on subject-predicate；English sentences are developed from subject-predicate structures.16The simplest English sentence consists of only a subject and a predicate, based on which many components are attached or derived. And the verb is the core, the number of nouns attachable to the verb is called the verb’s valence. As Chinese language focuses on internal theme instead of external representation, Chinese sentences can hardly be classified according to verb variation like English sentences are17SV, SVP,SVO, SVOO,SVOC18Declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamative.19A) to add modifiers; B) to extend the elements in the basic sentencea) grammatical concord; b) notional concord; c）principle of proximity20It can be verbs, nouns, or adjectives; it can be one verb or more than one verbs or nor verbs; it can be one word or word phrases.Nouns and pronouns （包括代词）verbs：吃饭好words referring to time, location, conditions：只有下定决心才行preposition：由你负责此事phrases：我疯了怎么可能？我就这样怎么了？21Theme sentences; transitive sentence; relative sentences;exclamative sentence; existential sentence; ownership sentence;descriptive sentence; and explicative sentence22In summary, Chinese sentences are characterized in three uncertainties—Uncertainty of subject; uncertainty of predicate;uncertainty in the relation between subject and predicate.23Chinese sentence variation is embodied by large number of ambiguous sentences and full sentence and minor sentences. For example: 他欠你的钱；是前天发的电报；房间干干净净。
英汉对比单元测试题及答案
英汉对比单元测试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在英语中，“book”一词的意思是：A. 书B. 笔C. 桌子D. 椅子答案：A2. 英语中的“happy”和汉语中的“快乐”在意义上：A. 完全不同B. 部分相似C. 完全相同D. 部分相反答案：C3. 汉语中的“苹果”在英语中对应的词是：A. appleB. orangeC. bananaD. grape答案：A4. 英语中的“she”指的是：A. 他B. 她C. 它D. 他们答案：B5. 以下哪个词组在英语和汉语中意义相同？A. 看医生B. 看门狗C. 看电影D. 看风景答案：C二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）6. 英语中的“family”在汉语中通常翻译为_。
答案：家庭7. 汉语中的“学习”在英语中可以翻译为_。
答案：study 或 learn8. 英语中的“thank you”在汉语中通常翻译为_。
答案：谢谢9. 汉语中的“老师”在英语中对应的词是_。
答案：teacher10. 英语中的“good morning”在汉语中翻译为_。
答案：早上好三、翻译题（每题5分，共30分）11. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语：- "What's your name?"答案：你叫什么名字？12. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语：- 我喜欢吃苹果。
答案：I like eating apples.13. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语：- "Where are you going?"答案：你要去哪里？14. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语：- 她是一名医生。
答案：She is a doctor.四、简答题（每题5分，共20分）15. 英语和汉语在语法结构上有哪些主要差异？答案：英语和汉语在语法结构上的主要差异包括：英语使用主谓宾结构，而汉语则更倾向于主谓宾或主宾谓；英语中动词时态和语态的变化较为复杂，汉语则通过时间词和上下文来表达；英语中有明确的冠词使用规则，而汉语中则没有冠词。
英汉语言对比_华中科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
英汉语言对比_华中科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.How are you Lennox? Good to see you ______ and about.参考答案:up2.英语的句子书面上以句号、问号或感叹号结尾，句子的界限非常清晰。
参考答案:正确3.古英语词汇在现代英语词汇中无足轻重。
参考答案:错误4.______进入英国，使得英语越来越规范。
参考答案:印刷术5.声母和韵母相同的字、词，其意义往往靠不同的______来区别。
参考答案:声调6.I cannot care less about the result of the interview. 该句的译文是______?参考答案:我一点也不在乎这次面试的结果。
7.汉语的被动式所表达的一般是不如意或不企望的事情参考答案:正确8.I'd do it with pleasure, only that I am too busy. 该句的译文是______?参考答案:我很高兴去做这件事，只是我太忙了做不了。
9.隐喻类似于传统意义上修辞学中的暗喻，指人们用一个具体的概念来理解另一个抽象概念的方式。
参考答案:正确10.英语的结构被动句要比汉语结构被动使用频率高得多。
参考答案:正确11.汉语中的婚姻表达比英语中包含更多的容器隐喻。
参考答案:正确12.“他最近情绪很低落。
"该句的译文是 He's been so ______ lately.参考答案:down13.“望子成龙”的译文是“to hope one's children will ______”。
参考答案:have a bright future14.“pull one's leg”的译文是______?参考答案:开玩笑15.“喜结连理，百年好合。
”该句中包含的婚姻隐喻是______？参考答案:婚姻是连接16.连动结构中所有动词与同一主语构成主谓关系。
英汉语言对比练习答案2
1．翻译下列句子，注意调整语序1）A reader’s perception of the loose, slangy, colloquial, shirt-sleeved quality of much modern prose will be sharpened if he has experienced the conscious elegance of eighteenth-century writers and the solemn lecture-hall pronouncements of the Victorians. （按照逻辑顺序译）【译文】如果一位读者读过18世纪作家的作品，体会到其刻意追求典雅的语言风格，又读过维多利亚女王时代的人在演讲大厅上所作的庄严的发言，他定能更深刻地理解很多现代散文作品那种结构松散、口语色彩浓、好用俚语、不拘形式的语言风格。
2）He felt a qualm in his stomach, and it was more in memory of his own loneliness than anticipation of hers.（按照信息中心译）【译文】他感到一阵心酸，与其说是预见了她的凄凉，倒不如说是想到了他自己的孤独。
3）Based on national realities and taking reasonable aspects of foreign economies, Chinese economists are working to establish socialist market economy, which ensures economic activities follow the requirements of the law of value and the changing relationship between supply and demand. （按照搭配需要译）【译文】在立足本国实际和借鉴海外经济合理成分的基础上，中国经济学者正致力于建立社会主义市场经济，要保证经济活动遵循价值规律的要求，适应供求关系的变化。
最新英汉语言对比-习题·+答案
英汉语言对比Synthetic vs. AnalyticⅠ. Answer QuestionsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. 1.What are synthetic languages(综合语)? How are they characterized?According to Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, A synthetic language is “Characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships”2.What are analytical languages（分析语）? How are they characterized?According to The Random House College Dictionary, An analytic language is “Characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs and changes in words order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”.3.Why English language is more flexible in word order（语序）? Why is it not so inChinese?Because word order is more connected with the formal changes. If the form change is more flexible, the word order is more flexible. Chinese language is an analytic language, the word order cannot be change at random, in which the relationship between the words are closely related with word order and function words.4.What is the usual word order in English sentences? What are the nine types ofinversion in English sentences?The usual word order in English sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. The nine types of inversion in English sentences include: interrogative inversion, imperative inversion, exclamatory inversion, hypothetical inversion, balance inversion, link inversion, signpost inversion, negative inversion, metrical inversion.1. 5.What are the E—C differences in formal words（形式词）?English language is featured in its abundant function words, of which is article. Articles are frequent employed. To use an article or not, and to use a definite one or an indefinite one, makes great difference in expression of meaning. Auxiliary are more frequently used in Chinese. Chinese language contains auxiliary for tense, structural and mood. This last category is especially unique in the language for the richness for delineation of emotions, like the letters 呀、啦、哦、嘛、呢，and others.6.How many kinds of formal words （形式词）are there in English language?2.There are five types of formal words, that is:i.article, including a, an, and the;ii.preposition, like on, in, to, for, as, at, of, with, from, across, etc.;iii.auxiliary verb, like will, do, have;iv.coordinator, including and, but, or;subordinator, like unless, after, for, due to, etc.7.Why Chinese is called Tone Language（声调语言）?Chinese tone can be used for indicating the change of meaning and is not suitable for expressing the certainty, completeness, independence or finality.Ⅱ. Fill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.1.11.综合语的特征是经常性、系统性的运用曲折形式来表现语法关系为特征的语言，分析语的特征是分析语的特征是相对频繁地使用功能词，助词和改变词序来表达句法关系，而不用曲折形式来表达。
英汉对比研究试题答案
英汉对比研究试题答案一、选择题1. 在英语中，以下哪项最能体现主语的人称和数的变化？A. 动词的形式B. 名词的复数形式C. 代词的格D. 介词的用法答案：A2. 汉语中的成语通常具有以下哪个特点？A. 通常由四个汉字组成B. 通常由两个汉字组成C. 有固定的词序和结构D. 可以自由组合创造新成语答案：A3. 在英语中，使用哪种方式可以更好地表达时间的先后顺序？A. 倒装句B. 从句C. 并列句D. 虚拟语气答案：B4. 汉语的语序对于句子意义的影响主要体现在哪个方面？A. 主谓一致B. 修饰语的位置C. 动词的时态D. 名词的数答案：B5. 英语中的动词时态主要用来表达什么？A. 说话者的情绪B. 动作发生的时间和状态C. 句子的连贯性D. 语气的强度答案：B二、填空题1. 在英语中，第三人称单数的现在时动词通常需要在词尾加上________。
答案：-s2. 汉语中的量词用于表示事物的数量，而在英语中，通常使用________来表示类似的功能。
答案：冠词3. 英语中的虚拟语气多用于表达非现实情况，如假设、建议等，而在汉语中，通常使用________来表达类似的语气。
答案：情态动词4. 汉语中的成语往往具有深厚的文化内涵和历史背景，而在英语中，相应的表达方式可能是________。
答案：习语或idiom5. 英语中的名词有可数和不可数之分，而在汉语中，名词通常可以通过________来表示数量。
答案：量词三、简答题1. 请简述英语中的被动语态及其用法。
答：被动语态是英语中的一种语态，用来强调动作的承受者而非执行者。
它通过使用“be”动词的适当形式加上主动语态动词的过去分词来构成。
被动语态常用于当动作的执行者未知、不重要或希望突出动作承受者时。
2. 汉语中的“把”字句和“被”字句有什么区别？答：“把”字句和“被”字句都是汉语中用来表示动作和受事的结构。
不同之处在于，“把”字句强调动作的完成和受事的改变，通常用于有具体结果的情境；而“被”字句则强调受事的被动状态，不一定要求动作完成，更多地用于表达受事的遭遇或经历。
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3. Why English language is more flexible in word orde（r 语序）? Why is it not so in Chinese? Because word order is more connected with the formal changes. If the form
4. What is the usual word order in English sentences? What are the nine types of
inversion in English sentences? The usual word order in English sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. The nine types of inversion in English sentences include: interrogative inversion, imperative inversion, exclamatory inversion, hypothetical inversion, balance inversion, link inversion, signpost inversion, negative inversion, metrical inversion.
6. How many kinds of formal words （形式词） are there in English language? 2. There are five types of formal words, that is:
i. article, including a, an, and the; ii. preposition, like on, in, to, for, as, at, of, with, from, across, etc.; iii. auxiliary verb, like will, do, have; iv. coordinator, including and, but, or; subordinator, like unless, after, for, due to, etc. 7. Why Chinese is called Tone Language（声调语言） ?
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英汉语言对比
Synthetic vs. Analytic
Ⅰ . Answer Questions
Directions: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary.
1. What are synthetic languages综( 合语 )? How are they characterized?
According to Dictionary, A synthetic language
is “ Characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express
1. 5. What are the E—C differences in formal words（形式词） ? English language is featured in its abundant function words, of which is article.
Articles are frequent employed. To use an article or not, and to use a definite one or an indefinite one, makes great difference in expression of meaning. Auxiliary are more frequently used in Chinese. Chinese language contains auxiliary for tense, structural and mood. This last category is especially unique in the language for the richness for delineation of emotions, like the letters 呀、啦、哦、嘛、呢， and others.
change is more flexible, the word order is more flexible. Chinese language is an analytic language, the word order cannot be change at random, in which the relationship between the words are closely related with word order and function words.
grammatical relationships
”
2. What are analytical language（s 分析语） ? How are they characterized?
According to The Random House College Dictionary , An analytic language is “ Characterizedby a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs and changes in words order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms
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