最新初中英语基本功测试题

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新目标英语九年级基础水平测试题及答案

新目标英语九年级基础水平测试题及答案 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】Unit 6 When was it invented单元基础水平测试题（试题总分100分测试时间45分钟）一. 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

( ) 1. Mr. Yang divided us ______ four groups to practice the conversation.A. amongB. intoC. fromD. by( ) 2. The shoes with high heels are in the newest ______. Many girls wear them.A. brandB. tradeC. styleD. product ( ) 3. The milk has turned ______. If you drink it, you will have a stomachache.A. sourB. deliciousC. crispyD. fresh ( ) 4. Grandmother likes to go to the garden and ______ the flowers on the spring 网A. polishB. smellC. tasteD. mention( ) 5. This kind of machine ______ cutting meat in big restaurants.A. is used toB. is made fromC. is made intoD. is used for( ) 6. The article told us ______ to get good scores in the exams.A. whereB. whatC. whoD. how( ) 7. ______ is said that our history teacher often does volunteer work on weekends.A. OneB. ItC. ThisD. That( ) 8. —How delicious these bananas are.—Yeah. They ______ here from Hainan yesterday.A. are broughtB. broughtC. were broughtD. have brought( ) 9. Ruth’s friends are ______ all girls. Jack is the onlyA. nearlyB. completelyC. speciallyD. truly( ) 10. Mrs. Zhang advised us ______ the math problem in another way.A. to solveB. solvingC. creatingD. to create ( ) 11. Bill said nothing could stop him ______ hisA. to achieveB. from avoidingC. to avoidD. from achieving( ) 12. ______ students in the classroom ______ twenty. The others are in the library.A. The number of; isB. A number of; areC. The number of; areD. A number of; is( ) 13. Our English teacher encourages us ______ English more after class.A. to inventB. inventingC. to practiceD. practicing( ) 14. You’re a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of young people ______ you.A. look afterB. look up toC. look upD. look for( ) 15. —Jim, can you help me with my English homework —______. I’m good at English.A. Good luckB. My pleasureC. Sounds boringD. Thank you二. 完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）先通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

中考英语基本功试卷

一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. There are _______ books on the desk.A. aB. anC. someD. any2. _______ is the most important factor in language learning.A. TeacherB. BookC. EnvironmentD. Practice3. My mother often _______ me to do my homework after school.A. makesB. letC. allowsD. permits4. _______ do you think is the best way to learn English?A. HowB. WhatC. WhereD. When5. _______ do you usually spend on your English study?A. How muchB. How oftenC. How longD. How soon6. _______ you go to school by bus or by bike?A. WhichB. WhatC. HowD. When7. _______ you like to eat, rice or bread?A. WhatB. WhichC. WhoD. Whose8. _______ is your favorite subject?A. WhatB. WhichC. WhoD. Whose9. _______ is your birthday?A. WhenB. WhereC. WhyD. How10. _______ you do you think the weather will be like tomorrow?A. HowB. WhatC. WhenD. Where二、完形填空（每题2分，共20分）It was a sunny afternoon. Jack and his friends were playing football in the park. Suddenly, they saw a little girl crying. She had lost her way and didn't know how to go home.Jack and his friends decided to help the girl. They asked her some questions to find out where she lived. The girl said, "My name is Lily.I live on Green Street. My house is the second one on the left."Jack and his friends said, "OK, we'll take you there." They took thegirl by the hand and started walking. After a few minutes, they arrived at the girl's house. The girl's mother was very happy to see her daughter safe.The next day, Lily's mother thanked Jack and his friends for their help. She said, "You are very kind and helpful. Thank you so much!"11. The story happened on a _______ day.A. sunnyB. rainyC. cloudyD. windy12. Jack and his friends were _______ when they saw the girl.A. playingB. sleepingC. eatingD. watching TV13. The girl's name is _______.A. LilyB. LucyC. MaryD. Jane14. The girl lived on _______ Street.A. RedB. YellowC. GreenD. Blue15. Jack and his friends took the girl _______.A. by busB. by bikeC. by carD. on foot三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）AMy favorite teacher is Mr. Wang. He is a kind and patient man. He always teaches us in a very interesting way. Mr. Wang is good at using picturesand videos to explain the lessons. We can always understand the lessons very well.In addition, Mr. Wang is very strict with us. He always tells us to study hard and do our best. He believes that hard work will bring good results. I think Mr. Wang is the best teacher in our school.16. What is Mr. Wang like?A. Kind and strict.B. Patient and helpful.C. Funny and strict.D. Hardworking and strict.17. How does Mr. Wang teach us?A. By using pictures and videos.B. By reading books.C. By writing on the blackboard.D. By asking questions.18. Why does the writer think Mr. Wang is the best teacher in our school?A. Because he is kind and strict.B. Because he is good at teaching.C. Because he is strict with us.D. Because he is strict with himself.BAlice and Bob are twins. They are both very clever. They like to play chess together. Every weekend, they spend hours playing chess.One day, their father asked them, "Who is the better chess player, Alice or Bob?" Alice said, "I am the better player." Bob disagreed. "No, I am the better player," he said.Their father smiled and said, "You are both good players. But you don't know who is the better player until you play against each other." So, Alice and Bob played a game of chess.After a few moves, Alice realized that she was not as good as Bob. She said, "I see, Bob is the better player." Bob was happy and said, "I knew I was the better player."19. What do Alice and Bob like to do together?A. Play chess.B. Watch TV.C. Play computer games.D. Read books.20. Why did Alice change her mind after playing chess?A. Because she realized she was not as good as Bob.B. Becauseshe was tired. C. Because she didn't like playing chess.D. Because she wanted to win the game.四、书面表达（10分）Write a short passage about your favorite subject in school. You should include the following points:1. The name of the subject.2. Why you like this subject.3. What you have learned from this subject.Example:My favorite subject in school is English. I like it because it isinteresting and useful. Through English, I can learn about differentcultures and communicate with people from all over the world. I havelearned many new words and phrases, and I can now express myself betterin English. I believe that English will help me in my future studies and career.。

初中英语基础试题及答案

初中英语基础试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. What's this in English?A. It's a book.B. It's a desk.C. It's a pen.D. It's a chair.2. How do you spell "apple"?A. A-p-p-l-eB. A-p-p-lC. A-p-e-lD. A-p-p-l-e3. What time is it now?A. It's 8:00.B. It's 9:00.C. It's 10:00.D. It's 11:00.4. What does your father do?A. He is a teacher.B. He is a doctor.C. He is a farmer.D. He is a worker.5. Where are you going this weekend?A. To the park.B. To the zoo.C. To the library.D. To the museum.6. What are you doing now?A. I'm reading a book.B. I'm watching TV.C. I'm listening to music.D. I'm playing computer games.7. What's the weather like today?A. It's sunny.B. It's rainy.C. It's windy.D. It's snowy.8. What's your favorite subject?A. English.B. Math.C. Science.D. History.9. How many apples do you have?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.10. What color is the sky?A. Blue.B. Red.C. Green.D. Yellow.二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. My name is ______. (我的名字)12. I am ______ years old. (年龄)13. I come from ______. (来自)14. I like ______ very much. (喜欢)15. My favorite color is ______. (颜色)16. There are ______ days in a week. (一周天数)17. The ______ day of the week is Monday. (第一天)18. I usually get up at ______ in the morning. (起床时间)19. I have lunch at ______. (午餐时间)20. I go to bed at ______ in the evening. (睡觉时间)三、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Tom is a student in a middle school. He likes playing basketball and reading books. He usually gets up at 6:30 in the morning and goes to school by bus. He has lunch at school and goes home at 4:30 in the afternoon. He often plays basketball with his friends after school. He likes to read books about history and science.21. What does Tom like to do?A. Play basketball.B. Watch TV.C. Play computer games.D. Read books.22. How does Tom go to school?A. By car.B. By bus.C. By bike.D. On foot.23. What time does Tom usually have lunch?A. At 6:30.B. At 11:30.C. At 12:30.D. At 4:30.24. What does Tom like to read about?A. Sports.B. History and science.C. Music.D. Art.25. When does Tom usually go home?A. At 6:30.B. At 11:30.C. At 12:30.D. At 4:30.四、写作（共20分）26. Write a short passage about your day. (不少于50个单词)答案：一、选择题1-5 CADBA6-10 AABCD二、填空题11. 你的名字12. 你的年龄13. 你的国家或城市14. 你喜欢的事物15. 你最喜欢的颜色16. Seven17. First18. 你起床的时间19. 你吃午餐的时间20. 你睡觉的时间三、阅读理解21-25 A B D B D四、写作根据个人实际情况编写。

七年级英语下学期基本功过关1试题

滨海县第一初级中学七年级英语下学期根本功过关一．单词拼写〔1*40=40’〕二．短语〔每空1分，1*60=60’〕1. 打算做某事 _____________ _________________ ________________ do2．担忧，害怕_______________ _______________3．像你一样的访客_____________ _____________ you4．他们中的大局部_______________ ___________ _______________5．你的街区周围 _____________ ______________ neighbourhood6．准备好做某事_____________ ___________ ____________do sth.7．做某事是幸运的 __________ __________ __________do sth.8．叫某人做某事 ___________sb. ______________ _____________sth.9．开会____________ ____________ ______________10．各种各样 _____________ _____________ _____________11．帮助某人做某事______________ ______________ _____________ _____________12．分享不同的技能 _______________ ______________ ________________13．在你家附近 ______________ ______________ _____________14．为某人购物 __________ __________ _____________15．帮助老人清扫他们的住所___________ the old people_____________ their _____________ 16．空闲 ______________ ______________17. 等待我们回______________ _____________ ______________ _________________________ ________________18. 方案一日出游 _____________ ______________ _____________19．后天 _____________ ______________ ______________ tomorrow20. 生火 _________ ___________ _____________三.完成以下句子〔每空1分，1*50=50’〕1．你能找到人帮助你做作业吗？Can you ____________ _____________ _______________ ____________ you __________ yourhomoework.2．我的电脑坏了。

英语基本功考试题库及答案

英语基本功考试题库及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word "successful" is:A. succefulB. succesfulC. successfulD. succesful答案：C2. Which of the following is the past tense of "make"?A. makedB. madeC. maksD. mack答案：B3. Fill in the blank: "I have never been to Paris, but I _______."A. wish to goB. wish to wentC. wished to goD. wished to went答案：A4. The word "library" has how many syllables?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5答案：B5. Which of the following is the correct use of the comparative form?A. She is more taller than her sister.B. She is taller than her sister.C. She is more taller than her sister.D. She is tall than her sister.答案：B6. What is the opposite of "agree"?A. DisagreeB. AgreeC. AgreedD. Disagreement答案：A7. Choose the correct preposition to complete the sentence: "She is looking _______ the window."A. inB. onC. through答案：C8. Which of the following is the correct plural form of "child"?A. childsB. childrenC. childesD. childses答案：B9. Fill in the blank with the correct article: "_______ apple a day keeps the doctor away."A. AnB. AC. TheD. /10. Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence: "If I _______ earlier, I would have caught the train."A. leaveB. leavesC. leftD. am leaving答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "international" starts with a capital letter because it refers to _______.答案：a specific organization or concept2. The past participle of "run" is _______.答案：run3. In English, the phrase "How do you do?" is used as a _______.答案：greeting4. The word "unique" is an _______.答案：adjective5. The word "data" is a _______ noun.答案：plural6. The phrase "break a leg" is an example of _______.答案：idiomatic expression7. The word "phenomenon" is pluralized as _______.答案：phenomena8. The word "mouse" when referring to a computer device is spelled _______.答案：mouse9. The word "their" is a _______ pronoun.答案：possessive10. The word "because" is used to show _______.答案：cause and effect三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

中考英语基本功试卷真题

1. It's a ______ day for us to visit the Great Wall.A. wonderfulB. wonderfulerC. more wonderfulD. wonderfully2. —How do you like your new job?—I think it's ______ than the old one.A. interestingB. more interestingC. interestinglyD. interestingly3. —What did you do last weekend?—I ______ at home and watched a movie.A. stayedB. stayed inC. stayed atD. stayed on4. —Do you like playing football?—I ______ it very much.A. likeB. likesC. am likingD. will like5. —How many people are there in your family?—There are ______ people in my family.A. fourB. four of usC. four of us inD. four of us6. —Is your mother a teacher?—Yes, she ______ a teacher.A. isB. amC. areD. be7. —How long ______ you study English?—I ______ it for five years.A. have; haveB. have; have beenC. have; have beenD. have been; have8. —What's the weather like today?—it ______ fine.A. isB. wasC. will beD. be9. —Do you often go to the cinema?—I ______ there twice a month.A. goB. wentC. go toD. went to10. —Is this your book?—Yes, ______ is.A. thisB. itC. theseD. those11. —How many books ______ you have read?—I ______ them all.A. have; have readB. have; have been readC. have; have readD. have; have been read12. —What do you think of the movie?—I ______ it very interesting.A. thinkB. think ofC. think aboutD. think on13. —How much ______ the book cost?—it ______ ten yuan.A. does; costsB. does; costC. do; costsD. do; cost14. —Where ______ you go last weekend?—I ______ to the park.A. did; wentB. do; goC. are; wentD. were; go15. —Is this your schoolbag?—I ______ it.A. thinkB. think ofC. think aboutD. think on16. —How do you get to school?—I ______ on my bike.A. goB. goesC. go toD. go on17. —How many people ______ there in your class?—I ______ fifty.A. are; areB. is; isC. are; isD. is; are18. —What did you do yesterday?—I ______ to the library.A. goB. wentC. goesD. going19. —How do you like the food?—I ______ it very delicious.A. likeB. like ofC. like aboutD. like on20. —How many students ______ there in your class?—I ______ about 50.A. are; areB. is; isC. are; isD. is; are二、完形填空（共20题，每题2分，共40分）The Internet is a wonderful tool. It can help us learn, communicate, and do many other things. However, it also has some disadvantages.One disadvantage of the Internet is that it can be a waste of time. Many people spend too much time on the Internet, especially playing games or watching videos. This can lead to a lack of sleep and other health problems.Another disadvantage is that the Internet can be a source of misinformation. There are many websites that contain false information. This can be dangerous, especially if people believe the information and make bad decisions.Despite these disadvantages, the Internet is still a valuable tool. It can help us learn about new things, connect with people from all overthe world, and do many other things. To make the most of the Internet, it is important to use it wisely.1. The Internet is a ______ tool.A. wonderfulB. wonderfulerC. more wonderfulD. wonderfully2. ______ people spend too much time on the Internet.A. ManyB. MuchC. Many ofD. Much of3. This can lead to a ______ of sleep and other health problems.A. lackB. lack ofC. lack inD. lack from4. There are many websites that contain ______ information.A. trueB. trulyC. falseD. falsely5. ______ can be dangerous, especially if people believe the information and make bad decisions.A. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. Those6. Despite these disadvantages, the Internet is still a ______ tool.A. wonderfulB. wonderfulerC. more wonderfulD. wonderfully7. It can help us learn about ______ things.A. newB. new ofC. new inD. new from8. It can help us connect with ______ from all over the world.A. peopleB. people ofC. people inD. people from9. ______ can help us do many other things.A. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. Those10. To make the most of the Internet, it is important to ______ it wisely.A. useB. use ofC. use inD. use from11. The Internet is a ______ tool for us.A. wonderfulB. wonderfulerC. more wonderfulD. wonderfully12. ______ people spend too much time on the Internet.A. ManyB. MuchC. Many ofD. Much of13. ______ can lead to a ______ of sleep and other health problems.A. It; lackB. This; lack ofC. That; lack inD. Those; lack from14. ______ websites that contain ______ information.A. Many; trueB. Much; trulyC. False; falseD. False; falsely15. ______ can be dangerous, especially if people believe the information and make bad decisions.A. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. Those16. Despite these disadvantages, the Internet is still a ______ tool.A. wonderfulB. wonderfulerC. more wonderfulD. wonderfully17. ______ can help us learn about ______ things.A. It; newB. This; new ofC. That; new inD. Those; new from18. ______ can help us connect with ______ from all over the world.A. People; peopleB. People; people ofC. People; people inD. People; people from19. ______ can help us do many other things.A. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. Those20. To make the most of the Internet, it is important to ______ it wisely.A. useB. use ofC. use inD. use from三、阅读理解（共10题，每题2分，共20分）Passage 1When I was a child, I lived in a small town. My parents owned a small shop. We lived above the shop. Every morning, my father would go to the shop and my mother would make breakfast for us. After breakfast, we would go to school.One day, my father got sick. He couldn't go to the shop. My mother had to work there. She was very busy. She didn't have time to make breakfast for us. We had to eat cold food. We didn't like it.One day, my teacher asked us to write a story. I decided to write about my father and mother. I wrote about how they worked hard to support us.I also wrote about how we missed them when they were busy.1. The author lived in a ______ town.A. smallB. bigC. largeD. little2. The author's parents ______ a small shop.A. ownB. ownedC. ownsD. owneding3. They lived ______ the shop.A. aboveB. belowC. onD. in4. One day, the author's father ______ sick.A. gotB. getsC. getsingD. goted5. The author's mother ______ to work in the shop.A. wentB. goesC. goD. going6. The author ______ to eat cold food.A. likesB. likes ofC. likeD. liked7. The author decided to write a ______ about his father and mother.A. storyB. storiesC. storysD. storyed8. The author wrote about how they ______ to support us.A. workedB. worksC. workingD. workeded9. The author also wrote about how we ______ them when they were busy.A. missedB. missC. missingD. miss10. The author's teacher asked him to ______ a story.A. writeB. writesC. writingD. wrotePassage 2The Internet is a powerful tool that has changed our lives in many ways. It has made it easier to communicate with people from all over the world, to access information, and to do business.However, the Internet also has its downsides. One of the biggest problems is that it can be a source of misinformation. There are many websites that contain false information, which can be dangerous ifpeople believe it.Another problem is that the Internet can be addictive. Many people spend too much time online, which can lead to problems such as sleep deprivation and physical health issues.Despite these problems, the Internet is still a valuable tool. To make the most of it, it is important to use it wisely and to be aware of its potential dangers.1. The Internet has changed our lives in ______ ways.A. manyB. many ofC. many inD. many from2. It has made it ______ to communicate with people from all over the world.A. easierB. easier ofC. easier inD. easier from3. There are many websites that contain ______ information.A. trueB. trulyC. falseD. falsely4. ______ can be dangerous if people believe it.A. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. Those5. ______ can lead to problems such as sleep deprivation and physical health issues.A. The InternetB. InternetC. InternetingD. Interneted6. Despite these problems, the Internet is still a ______ tool.A. valuableB. valuable ofC. valuable inD. valuable from7. To make the most of it, it is important to ______ it wisely.A. useB. use ofC. use inD. use from8. ______ is important to be aware of its potential dangers.A. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. Those四、写作（共1题，20分）Write a short passage about your favorite hobby. You should include the following points:1. What is your favorite hobby?2. Why do you like it?3. What do you do when you are engaged in this hobby?4. What benefits do you get from this hobby?要求：词数100左右。

八年级英语基础测试卷【含答案】

八年级英语基础测试卷【含答案】专业课原理概述部分一、选择题（每题1分，共5分）1. 下列哪个单词的发音与其他选项不同？A. catB. cakeC. capD. kite2. 选择正确的时态填空：He _______ to the movies last night.A. goB. wentC. goesD. gone3. 下列哪个词是名词？A. runB. happyC. bookD. quickly4. 选择正确的连词：________ you study or ________ you play football?A. Do/doesB. Is/areC. Will/wouldD. Either/or5. 下列哪个句子是正确的？A. She don't like apples.B. He can sings very well.C. They are going to the park.D. I am liking this book.二、判断题（每题1分，共5分）6. "Can" is used to ask a question. ( )7. "The cat is playing under the table" is a pound sentence. ( )8. "Run", "jump", "swim" are all verbs. ( )9. "I don't have any money" means the same as "I have no money". ( )10. "He is taller than me" is grammatically correct. ( )三、填空题（每题1分，共5分）11. _______ is the capital of France.12. If it _______ tomorrow, we will stay at home.13. I _______ to the library every weekend.14. _______ you like some coffee?15. She _______ a book every month.四、简答题（每题2分，共10分）16. What is the past tense of "go"?17. Write a sentence using "if" clause.18. What is the difference between "affect" and "effect"?19. Expln the use of "the" in a sentence.20. What is a pronoun?五、应用题（每题2分，共10分）21. Translate the follo wing sentence into English: "El gato está bajo la mesa."22. Write a sentence using the future perfect tense.23. Identify the subject and predicate in the sentence: "They are playing soccer."24. Correct the grammar in the following sentence: "She don't know the answer."25. Use "eitheror" to create a sentence.六、分析题（每题5分，共10分）26. Analyze the following sentence: "Although it was rning, they decided to go for a walk."27. Expln the difference between "its" and "it's."七、实践操作题（每题5分，共10分）28. Write a short dialogue between two people discussing their favorite hobbies.29. Create a paragraph describing your last vacation using at least three different tenses.八、专业设计题（每题2分，共10分）30. 设计一个简单的英语学习计划，包括每天的学习内容和目标。

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2015长葛市教师基本功比赛试题
中学英语
单位中心校学校姓名分数
一、单选（每小题2分，共20分）
1、学习外语需要大量的______。

A、测试
B、翻译
C、天赋
D、实践
2、英语教学要始终使学生发挥______ 。

A、主体作用
B、主导作用
C、主观作用
D、客观作用
3、英语教育的目标是培养学生_______ 。

A、语言理解分析能力
B、语言综合运用能力
C、真实阅读写作能力
D、语音语法语汇能力
4、学校的期中或期末考试是______ 。

A、业绩考试
B、水平考试
C、分级考试
D、诊断考
5、英语课程标准四级技能阅读目标要求除教材外，课外阅读量应达到_______ 。

A、4万词以上
B、10万词以上
C、15万词以上
D、20万词以上
6、单词available有几个音节？
A、One
B、Two
C、Three
D、Fore
7、那些句子一般情况下句尾应读升调？
A、特殊疑问句
B、一般疑问句
C、选择疑问句
D、反义疑问句
8、“他说几年前他去过一个欧洲国家”这句话的正确英文是______ 。

A、He said that he went to a European country a few years ago.
B、He sai that he went to an European country a few years ago.
C、He sai that he had gone to a European country a few years before.
D、He sai that he went to an European country a few years before.
9、句子We should try our best to do everything we can to help the poor.中，we can 是_________ 。

A、宾语从句
B、定语从句
C、主语从句
D、表语从句
10、“这所学校教英语”正确译文是________ 。

A、This school teaches English.
B、English is taught by this school.
C、English is taught in this school.
D、This school is teaching English.
二、简答（第一小题20分；第二小题10分）
1、何谓重读开、闭音节？请分别写出10个例词。

2、加强对学生学习策略的指导应做到那几点？
三、教学设计（20分）
以八年级课本第69页为一个课时，请设计这个课时的导入环节。

四、写作（30分）
请以“A story between my students and me”为题，写一篇短文。

词数不限。

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
_________ 消化系统
消化系统由消化管（或消化道）和消化腺两部分组成。

1.消化管：
小肠（包括：十二指肠空肠和回肠）
大肠（包括：盲肠阑尾结肠直肠和肛管）通常把从口腔到十二指肠这一段称为上消化道，空肠以下直到肛门称为下消化道。

消化道的一般结构：消化管是中空性的器官，其管壁一般由4层结构构成，自内向外依次为黏膜粘膜下层肌层和外膜。

2.消化腺
分为两类：壁內腺为小消化腺，壁外腺都是大的消化腺。

消化系统的主要功能（基本功能）：摄取食物和水，对其进行物理性和化学性消化，吸收分解后的营养物质和水分，排除消化吸收后剩余的食物残渣。

口腔
口腔分为口腔前庭和固有口腔。

（一）腭
咽峡：腭垂两侧腭舌弓及舌根共同围成咽峡。

（二）牙
1.牙的形态：每个牙在外形上可分为牙冠牙颈和牙根三部分。

暴露在口腔内的部分称牙冠，嵌于上下颌骨牙槽内的部分称为压根，介于亚冠与压根交界部分呈牙颈。

2.牙的构造：牙由牙本质釉质牙骨质和牙髓组成。

牙腔内有牙髓，有神经血管和结缔组织共同构成。

3.牙的分类：第一套牙称乳牙，第二套牙称恒牙，乳牙数20个，恒牙数28~32个。

（三）舌
舌乳头的名称及作用：轮廓乳头菌状乳头丝状乳头叶状乳头，丝状乳头为一般感觉(冷热触痛)，除丝状乳头外，其他舌乳头均含有味觉感受器称味蕾，能感受味觉刺激。

舌肌为骨骼肌。

（四）口腔腺
口腔腺又称唾液腺，分泌唾液，具有清洁口腔和帮助消化食物等功能。

1.腮腺：开口于平对上颌第2磨牙的颊粘膜上
2.下颌下腺：位于下颌骨体内后方，开口于舌下阜
3.舌下腺：开口于舌下襞和舌下阜
咽
咽位于第1~6颈椎的前方，上起颅底，下至第6颈椎下缘，前壁不完整，分别于鼻腔口腔和喉腔相通。

咽腔分为鼻腔口腔和喉腔。

（一）鼻咽
位于鼻腔的后方，介于颅底和软腭之间，向前经鼻后孔与鼻腔相通。

咽鼓管口腔咽鼓管圆枕咽隐窝
（二）口腔
位于口腔的后方，介于软腭与会厌上缘之间。

食管
肌性管道，与咽相接
食管有三个生理狭窄部：第一个狭窄部位于食管与咽相序处，距中切牙约15cm；第二个生理狭窄部位位于左主支气管与食管交叉处，距中切牙约25cm；第三个狭窄部位位于食管穿过隔食管裂孔处，距中切牙约40cm。

鼻
呼吸道的起始部，也是嗅觉器官，并辅助发音，由外鼻鼻腔鼻旁窦组成。

（一）外鼻
以鼻骨和软骨为支架，鼻翼与口角之间的浅沟称鼻唇沟。

（二）鼻腔
每侧鼻腔都分为鼻前庭和固有鼻腔两部分。

1.鼻前庭：内衬以皮肤，并长有鼻毛。

2.固有鼻腔：内衬以粘膜。

鼻粘膜按其构造和功能分为嗅区与呼吸区。

嗅区位于上鼻甲内侧面以上及与其对应的鼻中隔的粘膜。

（三）鼻旁窦
鼻旁窦共四对，即上颌窦额窦筛窦和蝶窦，位于同名的颅骨内，分别开口于鼻腔。

喉
喉以软骨为基础，借关节韧带和肌肉连结而成。

组成：喉软骨和喉肌
位置：3~6颈椎前方
功能：呼吸道管发音
（一）喉的软骨
喉软骨的名称及主要特征：喉软骨包括不成对的甲状软骨环状软骨会厌软骨和成对的杓状软骨。

①甲状软骨：喉软骨中最大的一块
②环状软骨：由环状软骨弓环状软骨板构成，是喉软骨中唯一完整呈环形的软骨。

③会厌软骨
④杓状软骨：成对
（二）喉的连结
1.环甲关节：有甲状软骨和环状软骨构成。

2.环杓关节：有杓状软骨和环状软骨构成。

3.弹性圆锥
（三）喉肌（骨骼肌）
（四）喉腔（内衬粘膜）
喉腔粘膜形成的结构：
两对矢状位粘膜皱襞：上方一对：前庭襞→前厅裂
下方一对：声襞→声门裂
喉腔分布：喉前庭
喉中间腔：喉室
声门下腔
声门裂：左右声襞及杓状软骨基底部之间的裂隙，是喉腔最狭窄的部位。

胃
胃是消化道最膨大的部位。

（一）胃的形态和分布
胃可分为可分出入两口，胃的入口称贲门，胃的出口称幽门。

胃前壁稍向前上方，胃后壁稍向后下方。

胃的上缘凹而短，称胃小弯。

胃的下缘称胃大弯。