2017年6月英语六级听力原文(卷一)
2017年6月六级真题听力原文
2021年6月大学英语六级考试真题〔第2套〕听力原文Section AConversation OneW: Mr. Ishiguro, have you ever found one of your books at a secondhand bookstore?M: Yes. That kind of thing is difficult. [1] If they’ve got my book there, I think, “Well, this is aninsult! Somebody didn’t want to keep my book!〞 But if it’s not there, I feel it’s an insult too. I think, “Why aren’t people exchanging my book? Why isn’t it in this store?〞W: Does being a writer require a thick skin?M: Yes, for example, my wife can be very harsh. [2-1] I began working on my latest book, The Buried Giant, in 2004, but I stopped after I showed my wife a little section. She thought it was rubbish.W: Even after you won a Booker Prize?M: [2-2] She’s not intimidated at all and she critic izes me in exactly the same way she did when I was first unpublished and I was starting.W: But you would never compromise on your vision.M: No, I wouldn’t ever compromise on the essential, the ideas or the themes. This isn’t really what my wife is trying to criticize me about. It’s always about execution. W: So why did you put your book, The Buried Giant, aside for so long? Apparently you started working on it over 10 years ago.M: [3] I’ve often stopped writing a book and left it for a few years. And by the time I come back to it, it may have changed. Usually my imagination has moved on and I can think of different contexts or a different way to do it.W: What does it feel like when you finally finish a book? M: It’s funny you ask that because I never hav e this moment when I feel, “Ah, I’ve finished!〞[4] I watch footballers at the end of the match, you know, the whistle goes and they’ve won or lost. Until then they’ve been giving everything they have and at that moment they know it’s over. It’s funny for an author. There’s never a finishing whistle.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.How would the man feel if he found his book in a secondhand bookstore?2.What does the man’s wife think of his books?3.What does the man do when he engages in writing?4.What does the man want to say by mentioning the football match?Conversation TwoW: [5] According to a study of race and equity in education, black athletes are dropping out of college across the country at alarming rates. With us to talk about the findings in the study is Washington Post columnist Kevin Blackistone. Good morning.M: Good morning, how are you?W: Fine, thank you. What is new that you found in this study? M: Well, this is Shaun Harper’s study, and he points out that on major college campuses across the country, black males make up less than 3 percent of undergraduate enrollments. Yet, when you look at their numbers or percentages on the revenue-generating sports teams of football and basketball, they make up well into 50 to 60 percent of those teams. [6] So the idea is that they are really there to be part of the revenue-generating working class of athletes on campus and not necessarily there to be part of the educating class as most students in othergroups are.W: [7] Compared with other groups, I think the numbers in this group, at those 65 schools, are something like just barely more than half of the black male athletes graduate at all.M: Exactly. And what’s really bad about this is these athletes are supposedly promised at least one thing as reward for all their blood and sweat. And that is a college degree, which can be a transformative tool in our society when you talk about upward mobility. And that’s really the troubling part about this.W: Well, this has been talked about so much, really, in recent years. Why hasn’t it changed?M: Well, I think one of the reasons it hasn’t changed is that there’s really no economic pressure to change this. All of the incentive is really on winning and not losing on the field or on the court. [8]Coaches do not necessarily have the incentive to graduate players.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.What are the speakers talking about?6.What is the new finding about black male athletes in thisstudy?7.What is the graduation rate of black male athletes?8.What accounts for black athletes’ failure to obtain a college degree, according to the man?Section BPassage One[9] America’s holiday shopping season starts on Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving. It is the busiest shopping day of the year. Retailers make the most money this time of year, about 20 to 30 percent of annual revenue. About 136 million people will shop during the Thanksgiving Holiday weekend. More and more will shop online. In an era of instant information, shoppers can use their mobile phones to find deals. [10] About 183.8 million people will shop on Cyber Monday, the first Monday after Thanksgiving. More than half of all holiday purchases will be made online. One-in-five Americans will use a tablet or smartphone. Online spending on Black Friday will rise 15 percent to hit ＄2.7 billion this year. Cyber Monday spending will increase 12 percent to ＄3 billion. For many, shopping online was “a more comfortable alternative〞 than crowded malls. The shift to onlineshopping has had a big impact on traditional shopping malls. Since 2021, more than 24 shopping malls have closed and an additional 60 are struggling. However,[11] Fortune says the weakest of the malls have closed. The sector is thriving again. The International Council of Shopping Centers said 94.2 percent of malls were full, or occupied, with shops by the end of 2021. That is the highest level in 27 years. [12] Economist Gus Faucher said lower unemployment and rising wages could give Americans more money to spend. The average American consumer will spend about ＄805 on gifts. That’s about＄630.5 billion between November and December—an increase of 3.7 percent from last year.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.What is the speaker mainly talking about?10.How many people will shop on Cyber Monday?11.What does Fortune say about traditional shopping malls?12.What is said to account for the increased number of shoppers?Passage TwoFor years, many of us have relied on antibiotic use to treat various infections. And the reality is that antibiotics have been responsible for saving millions of lives since penicillin, one of the earliest antibiotics, was first used on a clinical basis 70 years ago. However, today is a new era in which taking antibiotics can cause some very dangerous and potentially life-threatening situations. [13] In fact, you may have heard about the new “superbugs〞, which are antibiotic-resistant bacteria that have developed as a result of overprescribed antibiotics. In the past, health experts warned us that the day would come in which it would become very difficult to provide medical care for even common problems such as lung infection or severe sour throat. And,[14] apparently, that day has come because seemingly routine operations such as knee replacements are now much more hazardous due to the looming threat of these infections.The problem has grown into such epidemic proportions that this severe strain of resistant bacteria is being blamed for nearly 700,000 deaths each year throughout the world; and, unfortunately, health experts worry that thenumber will rise to 10 million or more on a yearly basis by 2050. [15] With such a large life-threatening epidemic, it is sad to say that only 1.2 percent of budgetary money for the National Institutes of Health is currently being spent on research to tackle this problem. This is a far cry from the funds necessary for a problem of such magnitude. Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.What do we learn about the “superbugs〞?14.What is the result of the overuse of antibiotics?15.What is most urgently needed for tackling the large life-threatening epidemic, according to the speaker? Section CRecording OneThis is the reason you are here in a university. You are here to be educated. [16-1] You are here to understand thinking better and to think better yourself. It’s not a chance you’re going to have throughout your lifetime. [16-2] For the next few years, you have a chance to focus on thinking.I think about some of the students who took advantage of their opportunities in a university. One of the storiesI always like to tell is of a freshman seminar that I hada chance to teach at Harvard when I was president of the university. I taught a seminar on globalization and I assigned a reading that I had written about global capital flows. And as I did each week, I asked one of the students to introduce the readings. And this young man, in October of his freshman year, said something like the following. “The reading by President Summers on the flow of capital across countries, it was kind of interesting, but the data did not come close to supporting the conclusions.〞 And I thought to myself, “What a f antastic thing this was. How could somebody who had been there for five weeks tell the person who had the title ‘President’ that he didn’t really know what he was talking about?〞 And it was a special moment.Now, I don’t want to be misunderstood. I explain ed to my student that I actually thought he was rather more confused than I was and I argued back, [17-1] but what was really important about that was the universities stand out as places that really are about the authority of ideas. You see it in faculty members who are pleased whentheir students make a discovery that undermines a cherished theory that they had put forward.I think of another student I had who came to me one morning, one evening actually, walked into my office and said that I had written a pretty good paper, but that it had five important mistakes and that he wanted a job. [17-2/18] You could debate whether they actually were mistakes, but you couldn’t debate that young man’s hunger to learn. [17-3] You could not debate that that young man was someone who wanted to make a difference in economics and he is today a professor of economics. And his works are more cited as an economist than any other economist in the world.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.What does the speaker say about a university?17.What do we learn from the speaker’s stories about universities?18.What does the speaker see in the young man who challenged his paper?Recording Two[19-1] Psychological research shows we consistently underestimate our mental powers. If you think this does not apply to you, then here is a simple test to show you are wrong. Write down the names of all the American states you can remember. Put the list away and then set yourself the same task a week later. Provided you have not cheated by consulting an atlas, you will notice something rather surprising. [20] The two lists will contain roughly the same number of states, but they will not be identical. Some names will have slipped away, but others will have replaced them. This suggests that somewhere in your mind you may well have a record of virtually every state. [19-2] So it is not really your memory letting you down, just your ability to retrieve information from it.We would remember a lot more if we had more confidence in our memories and knew how to use them properly. One useful tip is that things are more likely to be remembered if you are in exactly the same state and place as you were when you learned them. So if you are a student who always reviews over black coffee, perhaps it would be sensible to prime yourself with a cup of before the exam. [21] If possible, you should also try to learn information in theroom where it is going to be tested. When you learn is also important. Lots of people swear they can absorb new information more efficiently at some times of the day than at others. Research shows this is not just imagination. There is a biological rhythm for learning, though it affects different people in different ways. For most of us, the best plan is to take in new information in the morning and then try to consolidate it into memory during the afternoon. But this does not apply to everyone, [22] so it is essential to establish your own rhythm. You can do this by learning a set number of lines of poetry at different times of the day and seeing when most lines stick. When you have done this, try to organize your life so that the time set aside for learning coincides with the time when your memory is at its best.Avoid learning marathons—they do not make the best use of your mind. Take plenty of breaks, because they offer a double bonus: the time off gives your mind a chance to do some preliminary consolidation and it also gives a memory boost to the learning.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.What does the simple test suggest?20.What do we learn about the two lists in the test?21.What does the speaker suggest about preparing for and taking an exam?22.What tip does the speaker give on learning?Recording ThreeHello! Today I am going to talk about poverty.[23] Poverty has become a critical issue in today’s world. It concerns not only us sociologists, but also economists, politicians and business people. Poverty has been understood in many different ways. One useful way is to distinguish between three degrees of poverty—extreme poverty, moderate poverty, and relative poverty.The first type of poverty is extreme poverty. It’s also called absolute poverty. In extreme poverty, households cannot meet basic needs for survival. People are chronically hungry. They are unable to access safe drinking water, let alone health care. They cannot afford education for their children. In short, people who live in extreme poverty do not have even the minimum resources to support themselves and their families. [24] Where does extremepoverty occur? Well, you can find it only in developing countries.Well, what about moderate poverty? Unlike extreme poverty, moderate poverty generally refers to conditions of life in which basic needs are met, but barely. People living in moderate poverty have the resources to keep themselves alive, but only at a very basic level. For example, they may have access to drinking water but not clean, safe drinking water. They may have a home to shelter themselves but it does not have power supply, a telephone or plumbing.The third kind of poverty is relative poverty. Relative poverty is generally considered to be a household income level which is below a given proportion of average family income. The relatively poor live in high income countries but they do not have a high income themselves. The method of calculating the poverty line is different from country to country, but we can say that basically a family living in relative poverty has less than a percentage of the average family income. For example, [25] in the United States, a family can be considered poor if their income is less than 50 percent of the national average familyincome. They can meet their basic needs but they lack access to cultural goods, entertainment, and recreation. They also do not have access to quality health care or other prerequisites for upward social mobility.Well, I have briefly explained to you how poverty can be distinguished as extreme poverty, moderate poverty, and relative poverty. We should keep these distinctions in mind when we research people’s living conditions either in the developing or the developed world.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.What does the speaker do?24.Where does the speaker say we can find extreme poverty?25.What do we learn about American people living in relative poverty?。
2017六级考试试卷
2017六级考试试卷2017年6月英语六级考试试卷一、听力理解（共30分钟）听力部分包括短对话、长对话和短文理解，考生需根据所听内容选择正确答案。
1. 短对话（共8题，每题1分）请听以下对话，然后从A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案。
对话1：A. 去图书馆B. 去公园C. 去电影院对话2：A. 买票B. 退票C. 换票...对话8：A. 同意B. 不同意C. 无所谓2. 长对话（共7题，每题1分）请听以下长对话，然后从A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案。
对话1：A. 工作B. 学习C. 旅行对话2：A. 老师B. 学生C. 同事...对话7：A. 同意B. 不同意C. 保持中立3. 短文理解（共10题，每题2分）请听以下短文，然后从A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案。
短文1：A. 环保问题B. 经济发展C. 社会变革短文2：A. 政府B. 企业C. 个人...短文10：A. 乐观B. 悲观C. 客观二、阅读理解（共40分钟）阅读部分包括快速阅读、仔细阅读和阅读理解填空。
1. 快速阅读（共10题，每题1分）请阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容选择正确答案。
文章1：A. 描述B. 说明C. 议论文章2：A. 历史B. 文化C. 科技...文章10：A. 同意B. 不同意C. 部分同意2. 仔细阅读（共10题，每题2分）请阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容选择正确答案。
文章1：A. 描述B. 说明C. 议论文章2：A. 历史B. 文化C. 科技...文章5：A. 乐观B. 悲观C. 客观3. 阅读理解填空（共5题，每题1分）请阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容填空。
文章1：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _文章2：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...文章5：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _三、写作（共30分钟）请根据以下题目写一篇不少于150词的短文。
2017年6月大学英语六级第1套听力真题及答案
2017年6月六级真题一Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A. Doing enjoyable work.B. Having friendly colleagues.C. Earning a competitive salary.D. Working for supportive bosses.2. A. 31%.B. 20%.C. 25%.D. 73%.3. A. Those of a small size.B. Those run by women.C. Those that are well managed.D. Those full of skilled workers.4. A. They can hop from job to job easily.B. They can win recognition of their work.C. They can better balance work and life.D. They can take on more than one job.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A. It is a book of European history.B. It is an introduction to music.C. It is about the city of Bruges.D. It is a collection of photos.6. A. When painting the concert hall of Bruges.B. When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.C. When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.D. When writing about Belgium's coastal regions.7. A. The entire European coastline will be submerged.B. The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.C. The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted.D. The major European scenic spots will disappear.8. A. Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.B. People cannot get around without using boats.C. It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.D. Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A. They make careful preparation beforehand.B. They take too many irrelevant factors into account.C. They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.D. They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.10. A. A person's nervous system is more complicated than imagined.B. Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.C. Mental images often interfere with athletes' performance.D. Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.11. A. Anticipate possible problems.B. Make a list of do's and don'ts.C. Picture themselves succeeding.D. Try to appear more professional.12. A. She wore a designer dress.B. She won her first jury trial.C. She did not speak loud enough.D. She presented moving pictures.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. A. Its long-term effects are yet to be proved.B. Its health benefits have been overestimated.C. It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.D. It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner.14. A. It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.B. It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.C. It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake.D. It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.15. A. Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.B. Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men.C. Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles.D. Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A. Observing the changes in marketing.B. Conducting research on consumer behavior.C. Studying the hazards of young people drinking.D. Investigating the impact of media on government.17. A. It is the cause of many street riots.B. It is getting worse year by year.C. It is a chief concern of parents.D. It is an act of socialising.18. A. They spent a week studying their own purchasing behavior.B. They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people.C. They analysed their family budgets over the years.D. They conducted a thorough research on advertising.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A. It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.B. It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.C. It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.D. It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.20. A. Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency.B. Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend.C. Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.D. Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life.21. A. There was no food service on the train.B. The service on the train was not good.C. The restaurant car accepted cash only.D. The cash in her handbag was missing.22. A. By putting money into envelopes.B. By drawing money week by week.C. By limiting their day-to-day spending.D. By refusing to buy anything on credit.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A. Population explosion.B. Chronic hunger.C. Extinction of rare species.D. Environmental deterioration.24. A. They contribute to overpopulation.B. About half of them are unintended.C. They have been brought under control.D. The majority of them tend to end halfway.25. A. It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.B. It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research.C. It is neglected in many of the developing countries.D. It is beginning to attract postgraduates' attention.答案：1. B. Having friendly colleagues.2. B. 20%.3. A. Those of a small size.4. C. They can better balance work and life.5. D. It is a collection of photos.6. C. When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.7. A. The entire European coastline will be submerged.8. D. Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.9. C. They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.10. D. Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.11. C. Picture themselves succeeding.12. B. She won her first jury trial.13. C. It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.14. D. It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.15. A. Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.16. B. Conducting research on consumer behavior.17. D. It is an act of socialising.18. A. They spent a week studying their own purchasing behavior.19. D. It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.20. C. Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.21. C. The restaurant car accepted cash only.22. A. By putting money into envelopes.23. B. Chronic hunger.24. B. About half of them are unintended.25. A. It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.。
2017年6月英语六级真题卷一及答案解析和听力原文
2017年6月英语六级真题卷一及答案解析和听力原文2017年6月英语六级真题卷一Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad.C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed.2. A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value.C) They make good reading. D) They need improvement.3. A) He seldom writes a book straight through.B) He writes several books simultaneously.C) He draws on his real-life experiences.D) He often turns to his wife for help.4. A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match.B) Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers.C) He likes watching a football match after finishing a book.D) Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Achievements of black male athletes in college.B) Financial assistance to black athletes in college.C) High college dropout rates among black athletes.D) Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.6. A) They display great talent in every kind of game.B) They are better at sports than at academic work.C) They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies.D) They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree.7. A) About 15%. B) Around 40%. C) Slightly over 50%. D) Approximately 70%.8. A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them.B) College degrees do not count much to them.C) They have little interest in academic work.D) Schools do not deem it a serious problem.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Marketing strategies. B) Holiday shopping. C) Shopping malls. D) Online stores.10. A) About 50% of holiday shoppers.B) About 20-30% of holiday shoppers. C) About 136 million.D) About 183.8 million.11. A) They have fewer customers.B) They find it hard to survive. C) They are thriving once more.D) They appeal to elderly customers.12. A) Better quality of consumer goods.B) Higher employment and wages. C) Greater varieties of commodities.D) People having more leisure time.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. A) They are new species of big insects. C)They are life-threatening diseases.B)They are overprescribed antibiotics. D)They are antibiotic-resistant bacteria.14. A) Antibiotics are now in short supply. C)Large amounts of tax money are wasted.B)Many infections are no longer curable. D)Routine operations have become complex.15. A) Facilities. B)Expertise. C)Money. D)Publicity.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), CJ and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It is accessible only to the talented. C) It starts a lifelong learning process.B) It improves students’ ability to think.D) It gives birth to many eminent scholars.17. A) They encourage academic democracy. C) They uphold the presidents’ authority.B) They promote globalization. D) They protect students’ rights.18. A) His thirst for knowledge. B) His eagerness to find a job.C) His contempt for authority. D) His potential for leadership.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Few people know how to retrieve information properly.B)People can enhance their memory with a few tricks.C)Most people have a rather poor long-term memory.D)People tend to underestimate their mental powers.20. A) They present the states in a surprisingly different order.B)They include more or less the same number of states.C)They are exactly the same as is shown in the atlas.D)They contain names of the most familiar states.21. A) Focusing on what is likely to be tested.B)Having a good sleep the night before.C)Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to take place.D)Making sensible decisions while choosing your answers.22. A) Discover when you can learn best. C) Give yourself a double bonus afterwards.B) Change your time of study daily. D) Follow the example of a marathon runner.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) He is a politician. B) He is a businessman.C)He is a sociologist. D) He is an economist.24. A) In slums. B) In Africa. C) In pre-industrial societies. D) In developing countries.25. A) They have no access to health care, let alone entertainment or recreation.B)Their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.C)They work extra hours to have their basic needs met.D)Their children cannot afford to go to private schools.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no 26 gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to 27 the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen 28 in the last 5-6 years.Purdue n ow has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking skills. Yet like many college teachers around the U.S., the faculty remain 29 that their work as educators can be measured by a “learning30 ” such as a graduate’s ability to investigate and rea son. However, the professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use 31 metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy.Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly 32 earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.American universities, despite their global 33 for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are 34 advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be 35 measured, more people will seek higher education---and come out better thinkers.A) accuratelyB) confirmC) demandingD) doubtfulE) drastically F) justifyG) monopolizedH) outcomeI) predominanceJ) presumingK) reputationL) significantM) signifyN) simultaneouslyO) standardizedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon[A] Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long”. Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.[B] Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits.[C] Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices”. The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields---which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost----are depleted. In fact, in line with past experience, capitalexpenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.[D] Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new technologies has added about 4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global demand (especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale(页岩) oil, point to a “low for long”scenario. Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.[E] Natural gas and coal—also fossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over- supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which bums half of the world’s coal.[F] Technological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal(地热). Even Africa and the Middle East, home to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.[G] Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas. But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks.[H] Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels. There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions.[I] The current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.[J] Some climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations Children’s Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages as a result of the strongest El Nino(厄尔尼诺) weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists believe that El Nino events, caused by warming in the Pacific, are becoming more intense as a result of climate change.[K] Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We need very broad participation to fully address the global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world. Moreover, non-participation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to act.[L] The nations participating at COP 21 are focusing on quantitative emissions-reduction commitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions. The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen first. The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions. A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes. In order to maximize global welfare, every country’s carbon pricing should reflec t not only the purely domestic damage from emissions, but also the damage to foreign countries.[M] Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbonusers with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon. By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones. And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their further development. If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy. While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and it’s especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects.[N] Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral(附带的) costs.[O] The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices. Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process. Failure to address comprehensively the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, however, exposes all generations, present and future, to incalculable risks.36. A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the foreseeable future.37. Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.38. It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of African children.39. The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasing demand.40. Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of cleaner technology.41. If fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of greenhouse gases.42. Fossil fuels remain th e major source of primary energy consumption in today’s world.43. Even major fossil exporting countries have great potential to develop renewable energies.44. Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt with, will pose endless risks for mankind.45. It is urgent for governments to increase the cost of using fossil fuels to an appropriate level to lessen the catastrophic effects of climate change.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Tennessee’s technical and community colleges will not outsource(外包) management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus’ spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state. Morgan said those findings —which included data from the system’s 13 community colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universities — were part of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam’s proposal to privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money.“While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial,” Morgan wrote to the presidents. “System institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative.”Worker’s advocates have criticized Haslam’s plan, saying it would mean some campus workers would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has said colleges would be free to opt in or out of the out souring plan, which has not been finalized.Morgan notified the Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.In an email statement from the state’s Office of Customer Focused Government, which is examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said officials were still working to analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part of a “business justification” the state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan.“The state’s facilities man agement project team is still in the process of developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the end of February,” Martin said. “At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis h as yet to be completed.”Morgan’s comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that he has come out against one of Haslam’s plans for higher education in Tennessee. Morgan said last week that he would retire at the end of January because of the governor’s proposal to split off six universities of the Board of Regents system and create separate governing boards for each of them. In his resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization “unworkable”.46. What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges in Tennessee?A) It is backed by a campus spending analysis. C)It has neglected their faculty’s demands.B)It has been flatly rejected by the governor. D)It will improve their financial situation.47. What does the campus spending analysis reveal?A) Private companies play a big role in campus management.B)Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective.C)Facilities management has greatly improved in recent years.D)Colleges exercise foil control over their own financial affairs.48. Workers’ supporters argue that Bill Haslam’s proposal would _________.A) deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilitiesB)make workers less motivated in performing dutiesC)render a number of campus workers joblessD)lead to the privatization of campus facilities49. What do we learn from the state spokeswoman’s response to John Morgan’s decision?A) The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized.B)The outsourcing plan will be implemented.C)The state officials are confident about the outsourcing plan.D)The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcing plan.50. Why did John Morgan decide to resign?A) He had lost confidence in the Tennessee state government.B)He disagreed with the governor on higher education policies.C)He thought the state’s outsourcing proposal was simply unworkable.D)He opposed the governor’s plan to reconstruct the college board system.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Macy’s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in Nove mber and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy’s has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. “About 80% of our company’s year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls(短缺) in cold-weather goods,”said chief executive Teny Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.However, it’s clear that Macy’s believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏离) off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer “voluntary separation” packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees.The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain’s stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed.Macy’s has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It hasplans to open mor e locations of Macy’s Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T. J. Maxx. It’s also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy’s hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category.One relative bright spot for Macy’s during the holiday season was the online chann el, where it rang up “double-digit” increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wilder retail industry during the early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend.51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.?A)It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar.B)It is a direct result of the global economic recession.C)It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.D)It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.52. What does Macy’s believe about its problems?A) They can be solved with better management.B) They cannot be attributed to weather only.C) They are not as serious in its online stores.D) They call for increased investments.53. In order to cut costs, Macy’s decided to ________.A) cut the salary of senior executivesB) relocate some of its chain stores C) adjust its promotion strategiesD) reduce the size of its staff54. Why does Macy’s plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?A) To experiment on its new business concept.B) To focus more on beauty products than clothing.C) To promote sales of its products by lowering prices.D) To be more competitive in sales of beauty products.55. What can we learn about Macy’s during the holiday season?A) Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores.B)Its retail sales exceeded those of T. J. Maxx.C)It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide.D)It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.宋朝始于960年，一直延续到1279年。
2017年6月英语六级听力原文
2017年6月英语六级听力原文Unfortunately, I don't have access to the exact English listening test from the June 2017 CET-6 exam. However, I can provide you with a general outline of what a CET-6 listening test might have looked like, as well as some sample questions and answers. Please note that this is not the actual exam text, but it should give you a good understanding of the format and difficulty level of the CET-6 listening section.CET-6 Listening Comprehension Sample.Part I: Conversations.Conversation 1: Discussion between two students about their plans for the summer vacation. One student is interested in traveling, while the other prefers to stay and work on a project.Conversation 2: Interview between a job candidate anda potential employer. The candidate is asked about their work experience and why they are interested in the position.Conversation 3: Telephone conversation between apatient and a doctor's office. The patient is inquiring about their test results and the next steps in their treatment.Part II: Passages.Passage 1: A science-related topic, possibly about a recent discovery or experiment. The passage may contain technical vocabulary and require listeners to understand main ideas and details.Passage 2: A cultural or historical topic, discussinga specific event, person, or trend. The passage may include examples and anecdotes to illustrate key points.Passage 3: A lecture or speech, possibly delivered bya professor or expert in a particular field. The listeneris required to understand the main arguments and examplesused to support the speaker's points.Part III: Compound Dictation.In this section, listeners are presented with a short passage with several blanks. They are required to fill in the blanks by listening to a recording of the passage and writing down the missing words or phrases. This section tests the listener's ability to understand and transcribe spoken English.Sample Questions and Answers.1. Question: What is the main topic of Conversation 1?Answer: The main topic of Conversation 1 is the summer vacation plans of two students.2. Question: Why does the job candidate want the position in Conversation 2?Answer: The job candidate wants the position becausethey are interested in the field and believe their work experience makes them a good fit for the job.3. Question: What is the main idea of Passage 1?Answer: The main idea of Passage 1 is a recentscientific discovery and its potential impact on the field.4. Question: Fill in the blank in the following sentence from the Compound Dictation passage: "The researchers found that the new material had _______ properties than previously thought."Answer: The researchers found that the new material had superior properties than previously thought.Please note that the actual CET-6 exam may havediffered in terms of topics, language difficulty, and question types. It is always recommended to refer toofficial exam materials and practice resources to prepare for the CET-6 effectively.。
2017六级试题及答案
2017六级试题及答案一、听力理解1. A) 5:40B) 5:50C) 6:00D) 6:10答案：C2. A) At a restaurant.B) At a bookstore.C) At a school.D) At a hospital.答案：A3. A) He is a football player.B) He is a basketball player.C) He is a baseball player.D) He is a volleyball player.答案：B二、阅读理解Passage 141. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of self-confidence.B) The importance of self-discipline.C) The importance of self-improvement.D) The importance of self-motivation.答案：A42. What does the author suggest to achieve success?A) Set high goals.B) Work hard.C) Be confident.D) Be persistent.答案：C43. What is the best title for the passage?A) The Power of ConfidenceB) The Power of PersistenceC) The Power of GoalsD) The Power of Discipline答案：APassage 244. What is the author's opinion about the new policy?A) It is necessary.B) It is controversial.C) It is effective.D) It is unnecessary.答案：B45. What is the main purpose of the new policy?A) To reduce traffic congestion.B) To protect the environment.C) To promote public transportation.D) To increase government revenue.答案：A46. What is the author's attitude towards the new policy?A) Supportive.B) Critical.C) Neutral.D) Indifferent.答案：C三、完形填空47. A) HoweverB) ThereforeC) MoreoverD) Furthermore答案：A48. A) surprisedB) disappointedC) excitedD) bored答案：B49. A) DespiteB) AlthoughC) BecauseD) Since答案：B50. A) successB) failureC) opportunityD) challenge答案：A四、翻译51. 随着科技的发展，人们的生活方式发生了巨大的变化。
2017年6月英语六级试题答案
听力答案Long conversation 1Q1: B Having friendly colleagues解析：原文中前半部分男士说到：“The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues.”对于大部分接受采访的人来说，最重要的因素是拥有友好的、互相支持的同事们。
Q2：B 20%解析：原文中部男士说到：“However, 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy.” 20%的员工说他们工作得不开心。
Q3：A those of a small size解析：后半部男士提到：“First of all, small is beautiful: people definitely preferworking for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff.”首先小就是好：人们绝对偏爱在少于100人的小公司工作。
Q4：C They can better balance work and life解析：原文中男士说到：“And workers on part-time contracts, who only work 4 or 5 hours a day, are happier than those who work full-time. The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.”每天工作4、5个小时的兼职人员比全职人员要开心，这可能是由于一种更好的工作与生活之间的平衡。
六级英语真题2017年6月(第一套)试卷及答案详解
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) Marketing strategies.
B) Holiday shopping.
C) Shopping malls.
D) Online stores.
10. A) About 50% of holiday shoppers.
B) About 20 - 30% of holiday shoppers.
C) About 136 million.
D) About 183. 8 million.
11. A) They have fewer customers.
B) They find it hard to survive.
C) They are thriving once more.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) It is accessible only to the talented.
B) It improves students'ability to think. C) It starts a lifelong learning process. D) It gives birth to many eminent scholars.
B) They are better at sports than at academic work.
C) They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies.
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2017年6月英语六级听力原文(卷一)W: Welcome to Work Place. And in today’s program, we’re looking at the results of two recently published surveys, which both deal with the same topic - happiness at work. John, tell us about the first survey.M: Well, this was done by a human resources consultancy, who interviewed more than 1,000 workers, and established a top ten of the factors, which make people happy at work. The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues. In fact, 73% of people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work, which is a very high percentage. The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable. The two least important factors were having one's achievements recognized, and rather surprisingly, earning a competitive salary.W: So, we are not mainly motivated by money?M: Apparently not.W: Any other interesting information in the survey?M: Yes. For example, 25% of the working people interviewed described themselves as 'very happy' at work. However, 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy.W: That’s quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.M: It is, isn’t it? And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey. First of all, small is beautiful: people definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff. We also find out that, generally speaking, women were happier in their work than men.W: Yes, we are, aren’t we?M: And workers on part-time contracts, who only work 4 or 5 hours a day, are happier than those who work full-time. The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.W: Are bosses happier than their employees?M: Yes, perhaps not surprisingly, the higher people go in a company, the happier they are. So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q1: What is the No.1 factor that made employees happy according to the survey?Q2: What is the percentage of the people surveyed who felt unhappy at work?Q3: What kind of companies are popular with employees?Q4: What is the possible reason for people on part-time contracts to be happier?W: Mr. De Keyzer, I'm a great lover of your book Moments Before the Flood. Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?M: In 2006, when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline. As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen, I started looking at the sea and the beach very differently, a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child. This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.W: You wrote in the book: "I don’t want to photograph the disaster, I want to photograph the disaster waiting to happen.”Can you talk a bit about that?M: It is clear now that it is a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears under water. The same goes for numerous big cities around the world. My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline, rich in history, befor e it’s too late—as a last witness.W: Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project?M: Sure. The project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear. In the images, you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans, Vikings, and now nature as enemy number one. For example, there is the image of the bridge into the sea taken at the Normandy D-Day landing site. Also, Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.W: Thank you, Mr. De Keyzer. It was a pleasure to have you with us today.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q5. What does the man say about the book Moments Before the Flood?Q6. When did the man get his idea for the work?Q7. What will happen when the climate catastrophe occurs?Q8. What does the man say about Venice?Section BPassage 1When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst. I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury. She replied:” I don’t want to look too inexperienced, I don’t want them to suspect this is my first trial.” This lawyer had fallen victims to the don’ts syndrome—a form of negative goals sett ing. The don’ts can be self-fulfilling because your mind response to pictures.Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nerve system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself: ”Don’t hit the ball into the water.”His mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water. So guess where the ball will go?Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen. I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial. And this time she said: ”I want to look professional and self-assured. ”I told her to create a picture of what self-assured would look like. To her, it meant moving confidently around the court room, using convincing bod y language and projecting her voice, so it could be heard from the judge’s bench to the back door. She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial. A few weeks after this positive stress(不确定)rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q9: what do some people do when they face a new situation?Q10: what does the research conducted at Stanford University show?Q11: what advice does the speaker give to people in a stressful situation?Q12: what do we learn about the lawyer in the court?Passage 2Most Americans don’t eat enough fruits, vegetables or whole grains, researchers now says adding fiber to teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer.Conversations about the benefits of fiber are probably more common in nursing homes than high schools. But along comes a new study that could change that. Kristi King，a diet specialist at Texas Children's Hospital finds it's hard to get teenager patients’attention about healthy eating but telling them that eating lots of high-fiber foods could reduce the risk of breast cancer before middle age. That's a powerful message.The new finding is based on a study of 44,000 women. They were surveyed about their diets during high school, and their eating habits were tracked for two decades. It turns out that those who consumed the highest levels of fiber during adolescence had a lower risk of developing breast cancer, compared to the women who ate the least fiber. This important study demonstrates that the more fiber you eat during your high school years, the lower your risk is in developing breast cancer in later life.The finding points to long-standing evidence that fiber may reduce circulating female hormone levels, which could explain the reduced risk. The bottom line here is the more fiber you eat, perhaps, a lower level of hormone in your body, and therefore, a lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. High-fiber diets are also linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes. That's why women are told to eat 25 grams a fiber a day - men even more.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q13. What does the new study tell about adding fiber to the teen diet?Q14. What do we learn about the survey of the 44,000 women?Q15. What explanation does the speaker offer for the research finding?Passage 1Well my current research is really about consumer behavior. So recently I've looked at young people's drinking and it's obviously a major concern to Government at the moment.I've also looked at how older people are represented in the media; again, it's of major current interest with older people becoming a much larger proportion of UK and indeed world society.I'm also interested in how consumers operate online, and how that online behavior might be different from how they operate offline when they go to the shops.Well, I think that the important thing here is to actually understand what's happening from the consumer's perspective. One of the things that businesses and indeed Government organizations often fail to do is to really see what is happening from the consumer's perspective.For example, in the case of young people's drinking, one of the things that I've identified is that drinking for people say between the ages of 18 and 24 is all about the social activity.A lot of the Government advertising has been about individual responsibility, but actually understanding that drinking is very much about the social activity and finding ways to help young people get home safely and not end up in hospital is one of the things that we've tried to present there.The key thing about consumer behavior is that it's very much about how consumers change. Markets always change faster than marketing; so we have to look at what consumers are doing.Currently I teach consumer behavior to undergraduates in their second year and we look at all kinds of things in consumer behavior and particularly how consumers are presented in advertising.So they get involved by looking at advertising and really critically assessing the consumer behavior aspects of it and getting involved sometimes doing primary research.For example, last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analyzed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers. I think they found it very useful and it also helped them identify just what kind of budgets they had too. The fact of the matter is that there's a whole range of interesting research out there and I think as the years go on, there's going to be much more for us to consider and certainly much more for students to become involved in.16. What is the speaker currently doing?17. What has the speaker found about young people's drinking?18. What does the speaker say that his students did last year?Passage 2Sweden was the first European country to print and use paper money, but it may soon do away with physical currencies.Banks can save a lot of money and avoid regulatory headaches by moving to a cash-free system, and they can also avoid bank robberies, theft, and dirty money.Claer Barrett, the editor of Financial Times Money, says the Western world is headed toward a world without physical currency."Andy Holder —the chief eco|nomist at The Bank of England —suggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency. But does a cashless society really make good economic sense?"The fact that cash is being drawn out of society, is less a feature of our everyday lives, and the ease of electronic payments —is this actually making us spend more money without realizing it?"Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more, so she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago.She decided that she was going to try to just use cash for two weeks to make all of her essential purchases and see what that would do to her spending. She found she did spend a lot less moneybecause it is incredibly hard to predict how much cash one is going to need — she was forever drawing money out of cash points. Months later, she was still finding cash stuffed in her trouser pockets and the pockets of her handbags.During the experiment, Barrett took a train ride. On the way, there was an announcement that the restaurant car was not currently accepting credit cards. The train cars were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash."It underlines just how much things have changed in the last generation," Barrett says. "My parents, when they were younger, used to budget by putting money into envelopes —they'd get paid and they'd immediately separate the cash into piles and put them in envelopes, so they knew what they had to spend week by week. It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending. Nowadays, we're all on credit cards, we're doing online purchases, and money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we can't get our hands around."Q19. What do we learn about Sweden?Q20. What did Claer Barrett want to find out with her experiment?Q21. What did Claer Barrett find on her train ride?Q22. How did people of the last generation budget their spending?Passage 3Why should you consider taking a course in demography in college? You’ll be growing up in a generation where the baby boomers are going into retirement and dying. You will face the problems in the aging of the population that have never been faced before. You will hear more and more about migration between countries and between rural areas and cities. You need to understand as a citizen and as a tax payer and as a voter what’s really behind the arguments.I want to tell you about the past, present and future of the human population. So let’s start with a few problems. Right now, a billion people are chronically hungry. That means they wake up hungry, they are hungry all day, and they go to sleep hungry. A billion people are living in slums, not the same billion people, but there is some overlap. Living i n slums means they don’t have infrastructure to take the garbage away, they don’t have secure water supplies to drink.Nearly a billion people are illiterate. Try to imagine your life being illiterate. You can’t read the labels on the bottles in the supermarket, if you can get to a supermarket. Two-thirds of those people who are illiterate are women and about 200 to 215 million women don’t have access to birth control they want, so that they can control their own fertility. This is not only a problem in developing countries. About half of all pregnancies globally are unintended. So those are examples of population problems.Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems. It’s not only the study of human population, but the populations of non-human species, including viruses like influenza, the bacteria in your gut, plants that you eat, animals that you enjoy or that provide you with meat. Demography also includes the study of non-living objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs, and buildings because these are also populations. It studies these populations, in the past, present and future, using quantitative data and mathematical models as tools of analysis.I see demography as a central subject related to economics. It is the means to intervene more wisely, and more effectively in the real world, to improve the wellbeing, not only of yourself important as that may be but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.Questions 23-25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. What is one of the problems the speaker mentions in his talk?24. What does the speaker say about pregnancies?25. How does the speaker view the study of populations?。