中考英语阅读方法

阅读方法理解一篇文章，首先要明白单词意思，然后是句子，然后是文章主题、篇章结构、作者观点，最后是例子、分析等细节。

首先是单词意思，这个只能靠平时积累词汇，但是也不一定要认识文章中的每个单词，不懂的生词可以从上下文推断。

但是有些句子，每个单词的意思都知道，整个句子的意思却一点都读不通。

或者每个句子大概意思都明白，但是整篇文章却把握不了。

这就需要我们掌握正确的阅读方法。

一、句子——长难句分析文章中出现套了一层甚至两三层的长难句，会非常影响我们的理解。

出现长难句的时候，我们不应慌张，只需要冷静分析句子结构，搞清句子成分之间的关系，就能清晰地梳理整个句子的意思。

2011年河南省中考B篇The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.( ) 52. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?A. In the daytime.B. At the beginning of sleep.C. At night.D. During the deep sleep.•阅读在句子层面的障碍1.含义的理解2.语序的确定句子1、简单句2、复合句其中that, which,-主干完整), 引导的是没what●非简单句的障碍来源如何拆解为若干个简单句的集合按照什么顺序来理解拆解后的简单句集●非简单句的障碍解决方案⏹找关联词◆关联词连词关系代词标点符号——冒号和句号The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.2011年河南省中考 A篇When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents.When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do no w.I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire.2011年河南省中考B篇Everyone has got two personalities (性格) —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you.1. Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport.2. One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre,that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch.3. It is true that during their explorations they often face difficulties and dangers of most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder(颤栗) at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.⏹句子之间的关联方式◆并列●并列连词的用法并列连词的用法: 并列连词连接结构\功能\性质均相同的成分----必须完全对等for and nor but or yet so◆嵌套●常见的复杂句形式①宾语从句----S+V+THAT+句子(完整句)S+V+WHAT+句子(非完整句)，引导名词从句表语从句----S+系动词+表语+句子②主语从句----That /What+句子+ V③特殊的定语/同位语从句N+ that +句子+ 同位语(完整句)定语从句(非完整句)S + Vi + that+ 句子: The sun rises that is bright.S + be + adj + that + 句子: The desk is clean that is used by the student(定语从句);The fact is true that Tom is handsome(同位语从句).④状语从句——时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、程度状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句⏹层次化句子阅读方法◆并列＋嵌套的树形结构任意非简单句都可以表示成层次化结构。

画左括号的条件：出现连接句子的关联词时：1. (关联词＋非完整句2. 关联词＋(完整句画右括号的条件：1.句子终结－终结的标点符号(冒号，感叹号，分号，破折号)－后续内容与当前句无关2.连接句子的并列连词之前或标点符号前The important position (that best shows your secret personality) is the one that (you go to sleep).2011年河南省中考 A篇When (my son, Mark, was in the third grade), he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents.When (you help others), I know that (you will feel as good about it) as (I do no w).I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and I tell her that (four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets and clothes for the homeless people in the fire).2011年河南省中考B篇Everyone has got two personalities —the one (that is shown to the world) and the other (that is secret and real).You don’t show your secret personality when (you’re awake) because (you can control yourself), but when (you’re asleep), your sleeping position shows the real you.练习：2009河南省中考A篇Can you imagine (what you could have been )if (you had an email)?2009河南省中考B篇In the UK, most children have their lunches at school, but in some schools, parents can choose (what their children eat).The children can have a school dinner – a hot cooked meal; or they can take a packed lunch with them, (which includes cold food like sandwiches).We used to have a fast food window where (you got chips and coke), but they stopped that this year.There’s a salad restaurant, (which is good), so it’s healthier than it was. 2011年河北省中考C篇Some people come to your life and you know at once that (they were sure to be there).But you know that(every moment they will affect your life in some serious way).Enjoy every day, even every moment and take it from everything (that you possibly can take), for you may never be able to experience it again.2011年江西省中考A篇You can guess(how I feel)when（he pointed to a train ）(that was just moving out of the station).2011年江西省中考D篇I care about you enough to spend an hour making cookies that (you will eat up in 15 minutes if (I let you) ).2011年广西桂林市中考B篇During his visit, he said that (farmers’ right（权利）must be protected) and hewarned(警告) that(no land should ever be taken against a farmer’s will(意愿) ).2011年广西桂林市中考D篇What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle a larger number of electronic devices (电子产品) as they study.They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table.Similarly, employers (雇主) feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary (没必要) for them to learn special skills to do their work.2011年北京中考A篇We enjoy talking about the funny things we did when we were children, and tell the same stupid jokes over and over again.Some people may wonder why Linda and I are best friends because we totally different, but I think this is why we are such good friends.2011年北京中考B篇When they have finished filming and taking photographs for the day, they have dinner and Dereck usually writes while Beverly looks at her photographs. 2011年北京中考D篇If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework.Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.Linguist James Millroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language.And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way.I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.2011年湖北黄冈市中考第1篇“Earthquakes seem to catch the lives of those who run,” said many survivors in the earthquake areas, describing how their friends were killed on the doorways or along the stair steps as they tried to get out of the building.Take a hiding-place where you are rather than run, unless you are sure you can reach a safe open place in ten seconds.2011年湖北黄冈市中考第2篇I must do my best in school because how well I do will influence where I go after this school year is over and it can affect the rest of my life.篇章结构阅读考点：1、事实信息2、主旨内涵文章分类1、记叙文——时间、地点、人物、事情2、议论文——逻辑观点3、说明文——事实信息文章结构顺承式：时间及时间发展线索（线型结构）分类式：分类方式及类型特征（树型结构）阅读障碍慢不准确解决方案：边读边做笔记记叙文：时间画横线、地点画波浪线、人物画圈议论文：主旨句画括号2011年河南省中考AWhen my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. "You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you," said the woman. "It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do no."Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mm-k enjoyed giving them to us.I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.( ) 46. When did the story probably happen?A. On Christmas Day.B. Before Christmas Day.C. On New Year’s Day.D. After New Year’s Day.( ) 47. When they got to the supermarket, Mark went in .A. with the writerB. by himselfC. with the womanD. with his friends( ) 48. What happened to Mark in the supermarket?A. His gifts were stolen.B. He broke his basket.C. He lost his money.D. He lost his way.BEveryone has got two personalities (性格) —the one that is shown to theworld and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you c an control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.I f you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person.You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. You don’t like to make people unhappy, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets. You worry a lot and you’re always easily becoming sad. You never want to change your ideas, but you are satisfied with your life the way it is. You usually live for today not for tomorrow.If you sleep on curled up (蜷缩), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive. You’re shy and you don’t usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced (平衡的) personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel worried, but you don’t often get unhappy. You always say what you think, even if it makes people angry.( ) 52. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?A. In the daytime.B. At the beginning of sleep.C. At night.D. During the deep sleep.( ) 53. Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends. She probably goes to sleep _______.A. on curled upB. on her stomachC. on her backD. on her side( ) 55. What does the passage tell us?A. Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.B. Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.C. Sleeping positions show people’s secret personalities.D. Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.文章主旨题文章主旨=首段（末段）+关键词1、The best titl e for this passage...AWhen my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money.Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. "You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you," said the woman. "It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do no."Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mm-k enjoyed giving them to us.I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.( ) 50. What’s the best title for this passage?A. A big supermarketB. A kind womanC. A happy familyD. A wonderful gift2010年河南中考（）50.What is the best title of this passage?A. My daydreamB. My father’s sonC. My famous fatherD. My happy family2009年河南中考2008河南中考BPeople know the dangers of fires.It’s good for a fami ly to learn how to prepare for a fire.Here are some suggestions.Put a smoke alarm in the house.Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off.The alarm makes a loud sound.The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once.Make escape(逃脱)plans.They should know all the ways out of the house.If there is a fire,everyone follows the plan to get out.Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.Buy fire extinguishers(灭火器)in the house.Everyone in the family should know how to use them.Practise for a fire.They do fire practice because they teach children about fire safety.Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules:★Don’t open a hot door!The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire.The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.★What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn?First,stop!Don’t run!The fire burns faster because of more air.Drop! Fall to the floor.Then roll!Turning over and over will make the fire go out.Put a blanket(毯子)around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you.There are many possible causes for fires.A wise family is ready all the time.If there is a fire,don’t forget t o call 199 for help.( )55.What is the best title for this passage?A.The Dangers of a Fire.C.Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher.B.The Causes of a Fire.D.Be Ready for a Fire.2007河南中考AFarmer John and Farmer Bob were neighbours. For more than 30 years, they had been getting along very well.Then their good relationship broke. It began with a small thing, then bitter words, and then weeks of silence. One morning Farmer John woke up to find a stream between the two farms. “It must be Bob,” John t hought.Then one day there was a knock on John’s door. He opened it to find a carpenter(木匠) standing at the doorway.“I’m looking for a few days’ work,” the carpenter said.“I do have a job for you,” John said. “Look across the stream at that farm.That’s my neighbour Bob. He dug a stream between the two farms. I want you tobuild a fence—an 8-foot fence. I don’t want to see his place or his face any more. Idon’t have such a neighbour!”The carpenter said, “I think I know what to do, sir, and I’ll be abl e to do a jobthat pleases you.”Farmer John helped the carpenter get the materials(材料) ready and then he was off for the day.About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmer’s eyes opened wide. There was no fence there at all!It was a bridge! And the neighbour, Bob, was coming across, with his hand outstretched(伸出). “Hi, John! You’re quite a fellow to build this bridge!”Then they met in the middle, taking each other’s hand s. “I’m terribly sorry for what I have said and done. We should be good to each other.” said Farmer Bob.Then they turned to see the carpenter, who was ready to go. “No, wait! Stay a few days. I have a lot of other jobs for you,” said Farmer John. “I’d love to stay,” the carpenter said, “but I have more bridges to build.”( ) 60. What is the best title for the passage?A. What a Big Fence!B. A Strong BridgeC. Three Kind MenD. A Fence or a Bridge?2011河北省中考2011年湖北黄冈中考（1）I had the meanest mother in the whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn’t alone when I was sad. My sister and two brothers had the same mean(刻薄的) mother as I did.My mother preferred to know where we were all the time. She had to know who our friends were and where we were going. We had to clean clothes and take a bath every day. The other kids got to wear the same clothes for days. We could not lie in bed “sick” in order to miss school.The worst is yet to come. We had to be in bed by nine each night and get up at eightthe next morning. We couldn’t sleep till noon like our friends. So while they slept, my mother was brave to break the Child Labour Law. She made us work. We had to wash dishes, make beds, and learn to cook and all sorts of things at home. I believe she lay awake thinking up all things for us to do.My mother was a complete failure as a mother. Two of her children received higher education. None of us have ever been arrested(taken away by the police) or divorced. She forced us to grow up into educated and honest adults. I am trying to raise my three children this way. I am filled with pride when my children call me “mean”. Why? Because now I thank God every day for giving me the meanest mother in the world.69. The best title for this passage may be .A.My childhoodB.The meanest motherC.I do as my mother didD.Unforgettable memories2011年北京中考DMy summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his CF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF ILNY, its gr8.Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the "translation" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great.Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming（破坏）the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes cxan be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted（面目全非的）.Everyone should just relax, say linguists（语言学家）. They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. "People get better at writing by writing," he says, "Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents."Linguist James Millroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become "corrupted"; they simply change to meet the new needs.However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, "I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future."Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, "I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun"60. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Netspeak: A Widely-Used Language on InternetB. Is Netspeak Harming the English Language?C. Is Netspeak Helpful in Language Learning?D. Netspeak: Advantages and Disadvantages2、What d oes the passage tell us? What's the main id ea of this passage?Everyone has got two personalities (性格) —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you c an control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.I f you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You no rmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. You don’t like to make people unhappy, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets. You worry a lot and you’re always easily becoming sad. You never want to change your ideas, but you are satisfied with your life the way it is. You usually live for today not for tomorrow.If you sleep on curled up (蜷缩), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive. You’re shy and you don’t usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced (平衡的) personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel worried, but you don’t often get unhappy. You always say what you think, even if it makes people angry.( ) 55. What does the passage tell us?A. Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.B. Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.C. Sleeping positions show people’s secret personalities.D. Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.2009河南中考2006河南中考AI n one way of thinking, failure is part of life. In another way,failure may bea way towards success. The Spider Story is often told.Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13th century, was hiding in a cavefrom the English. He watched a spider spinning a web(织网). The spidertried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times andsix times he failed. On the seventh time he made it and went on to spin his web. Bruce is said to have taken heart and to have gone on to defeat(打败) the English… Edison, the inventor of thelight bulb(灯泡) made hundreds of models that failed before he found the right way to make one.Once he was asked why he kept on trying to make a new type of battery whenhe failed so often. He replied, “Failure? I have no failure. Now I know50,000 ways that won’t work.”So first, always think about your failure. What caused it? Were conditions right? Were you in top form yourself? What can you change sothat things will go right next time?Second is the goal you are to reach the right one. Try to do some thinking about what your real goal may be. Think about this question. “If I do succeed in this, where will it get me? This may help you prevent failure in things you shouldn’t be doing away.”The third thing to bear in mind about failure is that it is part of life, learn to “live with yourself” even though you may have failed.Remember, “You can’t win them all.”( ) 60. What can you learn from the above passage?A. Where there is a will, there is a way.B. Live with yourself.C. The Spider Story is true.D. You can’t win them all.(D)People are so busy these days that many people have no time to cook. This becomes a problem, because most families love home cooking! The food tastes (吃起来) good and warm, and a family meal brings everyone together. In some families, meals are often the only times everyone sees one another at the same time.Another reason(原因) people enjoy home cooking is that it is often a way of showing love. A parent who makes some cookies (小甜饼) is not just satisfying (满足) a child's sweet tooth. She or he is sending a message. The message says, " I care about you enough to spend an hour making cookies that you will eat up in 15 minutes if I let you."There is also something about the smell of home cooking. The smell of home cooking pleases people of all ages. It makes most of us feel good and loved—even if we are the ones doing the cooking! Next time you smell a cake making, stop for a moment and pay attention to(关注) your mood(心情).74. What's the main(主要)idea of this passage?A. Family meals are important.B. How to make cookies.C. People are too busy to cook.D. Homemade cookies taste better.词汇题→认识：直接解题，沾边就对。