常用运放电路图及计算公式

Op Array AmpCircuitCollectionAN-31TL H 7057Practical Differentiatorf c e12q R2C1f h e12q R1C1e12q R2C2f c m f h m f unity gainTL H 7057–9IntegratorV OUT e b1R1C1t2t1V IN dtf c e12q R1C1R1e R2For minimum offset error dueto input bias currentTL H 7057–10Fast IntegratorTL H 7057–11Current to Voltage ConverterV OUT e l IN R1For minimum error due tobias current R2e R1TL H 7057–12Circuit for Operating the LM101without a Negative SupplyTL H 7057–13Circuit for Generating theSecond Positive VoltageTL H 7057–14 2Neutralizing Input Capacitance to Optimize Response TimeC N sR1R2C S TL H 7057–15Integrator with Bias Current CompensationAdjust for zero integrator drift Current drift typically 0 1 n A C over b 55 C to 125 C temperature rangeTL H 7057–16Voltage Comparator for Driving DTL or TTL Integrated CircuitsTL H 7057–17Threshold Detector for PhotodiodesTL H 7057–18Double-Ended Limit DetectorV OUT e 4 6V for V LT s V IN s V UT V OUT e 0V forV IN k V LT or V IN l V UTTL H 7057–19Multiple Aperture Window DiscriminatorTL H 7057–203Offset Voltage Adjustment for Inverting AmplifiersUsing Any Type of Feedback Element RANGE e g VR2R1JTL H 7057–21Offset Voltage Adjustment for Non-Inverting AmplifiersUsing Any Type of Feedback ElementRANGE e g V R2R1JGAINe 1aR5R4a R2TL H 7057–22Offset Voltage Adjustment for Voltage Followers RANGE e g VR3R1JTL H 7057–23Offset Voltage Adjustment for Differential AmplifiersR2e R3a R4RANGE e g V R5R4J R1R1a R3JGAIN eR2R1TL H 7057–24Offset Voltage Adjustment for InvertingAmplifiers Using 10k X Source Resistance or LessR1e 2000R3U R4R4U R3s 10k X RANGE e g VR3U R4R1JTL H 7057–254SECTION2 SIGNAL GENERATIONLow Frequency Sine Wave Generator with Quadrature OutputTL H 7057–26 High Frequency Sine Wave Generator with Quadrature Outputf o e10kHzTL H 7057–275Free-Running Multivibrator Chosen for oscillation at 100HzTL H 7057–28Wein Bridge Sine Wave OscillatorR1e R2C1e C2 Eldema 1869f e12q R1C110V 14mA BulbTL H 7057–29Function GeneratorTL H 7057–30Pulse Width ModulatorTL H 7057–316Bilateral Current SourceI OUT e R3V IN R1R5R3e R4a R5R1e R2TL H 7057–32Bilateral Current SourceI OUT eR3V INR1R5R3e R4a R5R1e R2TL H 7057–33Wein Bridge Oscillator with FET Amplitude StabilizationR1e R2C1e C2f e12q R1C1TL H 7057–347Low Power Supply for Integrated Circuit TestingTL H 7057–35 V OUT e1V k XTL H 7057–91Positive Voltage ReferenceTL H 7057–36Positive Voltage ReferenceTL H 7057–37 8Negative Voltage Reference TL H 7057–38Negative Voltage ReferenceTL H 7057–39Precision Current Sink I O eV IN R1V IN t 0VTL H 7057–40Precision Current SourceTL H 7057–41SECTION 3 SIGNAL PROCESSINGDifferential-Input Instrumentation AmplifierR4R2e R5R3A V eR4R2TL H 7057–429Variable Gain Differential-Input Instrumentation AmplifierGain adjustA V e10b4R6TL H 7057–43 Instrumentation Amplifier with g100Volt Common Mode RangeR3e R4R1e R6e10R3A V e R7 R6Matching determines common R1e R5e10R2mode rejectionR2e R3TL H 7057–4410Instrumentation Amplifier with g10Volt Common Mode RangeR1e R4R2e R5R6e R7Matching Determines CMRRA V e R6R2 1a2R1R3JTL H 7057–45High Input Impedance Instrumentation AmplifierR1e R4 R2e R3A V e1a R1 R2Matching determines CMRRMay be deleted to maximize bandwidth TL H 7057–46Bridge Amplifier with Low Noise CompensationReduces feed through ofpower supply noise by20dBand makes supply bypassingunnecessaryTrim for best commonmode rejectionGain adjustTL H 7057–4711Bridge Amplifier R1R S1e R2R S2V OUT e V a1bR1R S1JTL H 7057–48Precision DiodeTL H 7057–49Precision Clamp E REF must have a source im-pedance of less than 200X if D2is usedTL H 7057–50Fast Half Wave RectifierTL H 7057–51Precision AC to DC ConverterFeedforward compensation can be used to make a fast full wave rectifier without a filter TL H 7057–52Low Drift Peak DetectorTL H 7057–5312Absolute Value Amplifier with Polarity Detector V OUT e b l V IN l c R2R1R2 R1eR4a R3R3TL H 7057–54Sample and HoldPolycarbonate-dielectric capacitorTL H 7057–55Sample and HoldWorst case drift less than2 5mV secTeflon Polyethylene or PolycarbonateDielectric CapacitorTL H 7057–5613Low Drift IntegratorTL H 7057–57Q1and Q3should not have internal gate-protection diodes Worst case drift less than 500m V sec over b 55 C to a 125 CFast Summing Amplifier with Low Input CurrentTL H 7057–58In addition to increasing speed the LM101A raises high and low frequency gain increases output drive capability and eliminates thermal feedbackPower Bandwidth 250kHzSmall Signal Bandwidth 3 5MHz Slew Rate 10V m sC5e6c 10b 8R f14Fast Integrator with Low Input CurrentTL H 7057–59Adjustable Q Notch Filterf O e12q R1C1e 60HzR1e R2e R3C1e C2e C23TL H 7057–6015Easily Tuned Notch Filter R4e R5R1e R3R4e R1f O e12q R40C1C2TL H 7057–61Tuned Circuitf O e12q0R1R2C1C2TL H 7057–62Two-Stage Tuned Circuitf O e12q0R1R2C1C2TL H 7057–6316Negative Capacitance MultiplierC e R2R3C1I L e V OS a R2I OSR3R S e R3(R1a R IN) R IN A VOTL H 7057–65Variable Capacitance MultiplierC e 1a R b R a J C1TL H 7057–66Simulated InductorL t R1R2C1R S e R2R P e R1TL H 7057–67Capacitance MultiplierC eR1R3C1I L eV OS a I OS R1R3R S e R3TL H 7057–68 17High Pass Active FilterTL H 7057–71Values are for100Hz cutoff Use metalized polycarbonate capacitors for good temperature stabilityLow Pass Active FilterTL H 7057–72 Values are for10kHz cutoff Use silvered mica capacitors for good temperature stabilityNonlinear Operational Amplifier with Temperature Compensated BreakpointsTL H 7057–7318Current MonitorV OUT e R1R3 R2I LTL H 7057–74Saturating Servo Preamplifier withRate FeedbackTL H 7057–75 Power BoosterTL H 7057–7619Analog MultiplierR5e R1 V b10JV1t0V OUT e V1V210TL H 7057–77Long Interval TimerLow leakage b0 017m F per second delayTL H 7057–78Fast Zero Crossing DetectorTL H 7057–79 Propagation delay approximately200nsDTL or TTL fanout of threeMinimize stray capacitancePin8Amplifier for Piezoelectric TransducerLow frequency cutoff e R1C1TL H 7057–80Temperature ProbeSet for0V at0 CAdjust for100mV CTL H 7057–81 20Photodiode AmplifierV OUT e R1I DTL H 7057–82Photodiode AmplifierV OUT e10V m ATL H 7057–83 Operating photodiode with less than3mVacross it eliminates leakage currentsHigh Input Impedance AC FollowerTL H 7057–84Temperature Compensated Logarithmic Converter1k X(g1%)at25 C a3500ppm CAvailable from Vishay UltronixGrand Junction CO Q81SeriesDetermines current for zerocrossing on output 10m Aas shownTL H 7057–8510nA k I IN k1mASensitivity is1V per decade21R o o t E x t r a c t o r2N 3728m a t c h e d p a i r sT L H 7057–8622Multiplier DividerTL H 7057–87 Cube GeneratorTL H 7057–8823A N -31O p A m p C i r c u i t C o l l e c t i o nFast Log Generator1k X (g 1%)at 25 C a 3500ppm CAvailable from Vishay Ultronix Grand Junction CO Q81SeriesTL H 7057–89Anti-Log Generator1k X (g 1%)at 25 C a 3500ppm CAvailable from Vishay Ultronix Grand Junction CO Q81SeriesTL H 7057–90LIFE SUPPORT POLICYNATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION As used herein 1 Life support devices or systems are devices or 2 A critical component is any component of a life systems which (a)are intended for surgical implant support device or system whose failure to perform can into the body or (b)support or sustain life and whose be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life failure to perform when properly used in accordance support device or system or to affect its safety or with instructions for use provided in the labeling can effectivenessbe reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the userNational Semiconductor National Semiconductor National Semiconductor National Semiconductor CorporationEuropeHong Kong LtdJapan Ltd1111West Bardin RoadFax (a 49)0-180-530858613th Floor Straight Block Tel81-043-299-2309十种精密全波整流电路图中精密全波整流电路的名称,纯属本人命的名,只是为了区分;除非特殊说明,增益均按1设计.图1是最经典的电路,优点是可以在电阻R5上并联滤波电容.电阻匹配关系为R1=R2,R4=R5=2R3;可以通过更改R5来调节增益图2优点是匹配电阻少,只要求R1=R2图3的优点是输入高阻抗,匹配电阻要求R1=R2,R4=2R3图4的匹配电阻全部相等,还可以通过改变电阻R1来改变增益.缺点是在输入信号的负半周,A1的负反馈由两路构成,其中一路是R5,另一路是由运放A2复合构成,也有复合运放的缺点.图5 和 图6 要求R1=2R2=2R3,增益为1/2,缺点是:当输入信号正半周时,输出阻抗比较高,可以在输出增加增益为2的同相放大器隔离.另外一个缺点是正半周和负半周的输入阻抗不相等,要求输入信号的内阻忽略不计图7正半周,D2通,增益=1+(R2+R3)/R1;负半周增益=-R3/R2;要求正负半周增益的绝对值相等,例如增益取2,可以选R1=30K,R2=10K,R3=20K图8的电阻匹配关系为R1=R2图9要求R1=R2,R4可以用来调节增益,增益等于1+R4/R2;如果R4=0,增益等于1;缺点是正负半波的输入阻抗不相等,要求输入信号的内阻要小,否则输出波形不对称.图10是利用单电源运放的跟随器的特性设计的,单电源的跟随器,当输入信号大于0时,输出为跟随器;当输入信号小于0的时候,输出为0.使用时要小心单电源运放在信号很小时的非线性.而且,单电源跟随器在负信号输入时也有非线性.图7,8,9三种电路,当运放A1输出为正时,A1的负反馈是通过二极管D2和运放A2构成的复合放大器构成的,由于两个运放的复合(乘积)作用,可能环路的增益太高,容易产生振荡.精密全波电路还有一些没有录入,比如高阻抗型还有一种把A2的同相输入端接到A1的反相输入端的,其实和这个高阻抗型的原理一样,就没有专门收录,其它采用A1的输出只接一个二极管的也没有收录,因为在这个二极管截止时,A1处于开环状态.结论:虽然这里的精密全波电路达十种,仔细分析,发现优秀的并不多,确切的说只有3种,就是前面的3种. 图1的经典电路虽然匹配电阻多,但是完全可以用6个等值电阻R实现,其中电阻R3可以用两个R 并联.可以通过R5调节增益,增益可以大于1,也可以小于1.最具有优势的是可以在R5上并电容滤波.图2的电路的优势是匹配电阻少,只要一对匹配电阻就可以了.图3的优势在于高输入阻抗.其它几种,有的在D2导通的半周内,通过A2的复合实现A1的负反馈,对有些运放会出现自激. 有的两个半波的输入阻抗不相等,对信号源要求较高.两个单运放型虽然可以实现整流的目的,但是输入\输出特性都很差.需要输入\输出都加跟随器或同相放大器隔离.各个电路都有其设计特色,希望我们能从其电路的巧妙设计中,吸取有用的.例如单电源全波电路的设计,复合反馈电路的设计,都是很有用的设计思想和方法,如果能把各个图的电路原理分析并且推导每个公式,会有受益的.最后的结论供大家在电路设计的时候参考.。