新概念英语第二册：第40课课文详解及语法解析.doc
新概念英语第二册：第40课课文详解及语法解析课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.next to, 挨着。
它既能够表示座位挨着也能够表示地理位置上挨着：
Who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting?
开会时坐在你旁边的那人是谁?
There's a field/shop next to our house.
我们家房子边上有一片田野/一个商店。
2.Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人，穿一件紧身的黑衣服。
(1)unsmiling的反义词为smiling(微笑的，喜气洋洋的)。有些形容词前面能够加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义：comfortable (舒服的)/uncomfortable(不舒服的)，true(真实的)/untrue(不真实的)，
interesting(有趣的)/uninteresting(无趣味的，乏味的)。
(2)in在这里表示“穿着”、“戴着”：
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.
有位穿蓝衣服的小伙子在找您。
3.take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。
take a seat表示“坐下”，比sit要正式：
Please take a seat.
请坐。
take one's seat则表示位置事先已安排好：
After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.
大家各自就座后，会议/宴会便开始了。
4.Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. 她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子，不一会儿就忙着吃起来了。
(1)fix最常用的意思为“使……固定”、“安装”：
she fixed a handle on the door.
她在门上安了个把手。
fix on的含义之一为“使(目光、注意力等)集中于”、“盯着”：
He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand a word.
他的眼睛盯着那本书，但他一个字儿也没看懂。
(2)busy+ doing sth.表示“忙着做某事”， doing前能够加in，也能够不加：
They are busy (in) repairing the car.
他们正忙着修车。
We're all busy getting ready for the performance.
我们都在忙着为演出实行准备。
5.If you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃点，少说点……
在并列句中，相同的句子成分(如主语、谓语、状语等)通常由同一词性的单词/词组表示，并且它们的长度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。在课文中的这句话中ate与talked对应，more与less对应。再如：
You can either go out or stay here.
你出去也行，呆在这里也行。
He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.
他想买的东西很多，但他的钱很少。
语法 Grammar in use
第2类条件句
在第16课的语法中，我们学习了第1类条件句，它谈论将有可
能发生的事情，并且考虑其将来的真实结果。它的一般形式如下所
示：
You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.
你如果不抓紧时间会误了火车的。(主句用一般将来时，从句用
一般现在时或其他形式的现在时)
第2类条件句的形式与第一类不同，if从句中用一般过去时，谈论想像的情况，主句用would +动词原形，推测想像的结果：
If it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我们将呆在家里。
即使第2类条件句使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，if 之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”。
第2类条件句有时能够代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情，但比第1类条件句较为“无把握”。试比较：
If you went by train,you would get there earlier.
如果你坐火车去。你或许会早些到那儿。
If you go by train,you will get there earlier.
如果你坐火车去，你就会到得早些。
不过第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情：
If I had longer legs, I'd be able to run faster.
如果我的腿再长一点儿，我就能跑得更快了。
在最后一个例句中，the weather是单数，按语法规则，在正常的陈述句中它后面应为was而不是were。但在第2类条件句中，were 比was更为正式，与真实情况的差别也更大：If
he were/was ready, I would go.
如果他准备好了，我就去。
if I were you这种说法经常用于提出建议：
If I were you, I'd accept their offer.
如果我是你，我就接受他们的建议。
1、Thank you very much for taking me with you on that splendid outing to London. It was the first time that I had
seen the Tower or any of the other famous sights. If I'd gone alone, I couldn't have seen nearly as much, because I
wouldn't have known my way about.The weather was splendid on that day, which I thought was rare. I still
remember some people told me that in Britain there was weather and no climate. During the same day, it might
snow in the morning, rain at noon, shine in the afternoon and be windy before the night falls. So I think I was
lucky。20.6.156.15.202012:1012:10:56Jun-2012:10
2、最困难的事情就是认识自己。二〇二〇年六月十五日2020年6月15日星期一
3、有勇气承担命运这才是英雄好汉。12:106.15.202012:106.15.202012:1012:10:566.15.202012:106.15.2020
4、与肝胆人共事，无字句处读书。6.15.20206.15.202012:1012:1012:10:5612:10:56
5、阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。Monday, June 15, 2020June 20Monday, June 15,
20206/15/2020
6、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。12时10分12时10分15-Jun-206.15.2020
7、志气这东西是能传染的，你能感染着笼罩在你的环境中的精神。那些在你周围不断向上奋发的人的胜利，会鼓励激发你作更艰
苦的奋斗，以求达到如象他们所做的样子。20.6.1520.6.1520.6.15。2020年6月15日星期一二〇二〇年六月十五日
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