2016 崇明县高三一模

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2016崇明高三数学一模试卷及答案汇编

崇明县2015-2016学年第一次高考模拟考试试卷数学 2015.12一．填空题（本大题满分56 分）本大题共有14 题，考生应在答题编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对4 分，否则一律得零分． 1. 函数sin 2()1x f x =- cosx 的最小正周期是 . 2. 若集合 A ＝{x | ｜x −1 ｜＜2}，B ＝2|04x x x -⎧⎫<⎨⎬+⎩⎭，则 A B ＝3. 已知 z ＝(a −i )(1+i )（a ∈R ，i 为虚数单位），若复数 z 在复平面内对应的点在实轴上，则a ＝ .4. 已知cos 14α=，且3(,2)2παπ∈，则cos( 2πα+)＝ . 5. 若log 21a b =-则a +b 的最小值为 .6.10()x a +的展开式中， x 7的系数为 15，则a = . (用数字填写答案)7. 已知圆锥的母线长为5cm ，侧面积为15πcm 2，则此圆锥的体积是____________ cm 3 . 8. 已知 f (x )、g(x )分别是定义在R 上的偶函数和奇函数，且 f (x ) −g(x ) ＝2x ＋x ，则f (1) ＋g(1) .9. 在上海高考改革方案中，要求每位高中生必须在理科学科：物理、化学、生物，文科学科：政治、历史、地理这6 门学科中选择3 门学科参加等级考试.小王同学对理科学科比较感兴趣，决定至少选择两门理科学科，那么小王同学的选科方案有___________种. 10. 有一列球体，半径组成以1 为首项，12为公比的等比数列，体积分别记为11、在△ABC 中，AN ＝4，BC ＝62，∠CBA ＝4π，.若双曲线Γ以 AB 为实轴，且过点C ，则Γ的焦距为 .12. 在矩形 ABCD 中， AB ＝2， AD ＝1，边DC （包含点 D 、C ）的动点 P 与 CB 延长线上（包含点B ）的动点Q 满足的取值范围是____________.13. 已知数列的各项均为正整数，对于，有其中k 为使1n a +为奇数的正整数. 若存在，当n ＞m 且n a 为奇数时，n a 恒为常数p ，则p 的值为14. 设函数 y ＝f （x ）的定义域为 D ，如果存在非零常数 T ，对于任意 x ∈D ，都有f （x ＋T ）＝T • f (x )，则称函数 y ＝f （x ）是“似周期函数”，非零常数T 为函数 y ＝f （ x ）的“似周期”．现有下面四个关于“似周期函数”的命题：①如果“似周期函数” y ＝f （ x ）的“似周期”为﹣1，那么它是周期为 2 的周期函数； ②函数 f （x ）＝x 是“似周期函数”；③函数()2xf x =是“似周期函数”；④如果函数()cos f x x ω=是“似周期函数”，那么“k ωπ=，k ∈Z ”．其中是真命题的序号是．（写出所有满足条件的命题序号）二．选择题（本大题满分20 分）本大题共有4 题，每题有且仅有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，每题选对得5 分，否则一律得零分． 15. “a ＜2”是“实系数一元二次方程x 2 ＋ax ＋1 ＝0有虚根”的(A)必要不充分条件 (B)充分不必要条件 (C)充要条件 (D)既不充分也不必要条件 16. 要得到函数的图象，只需将函数 y ＝sin 2x 的图象（）(A)向左平移3π个单位 (B)向左平移6π个单位 (C)向右平移3π个单位 (D)向右平移6π个单位17. 汽车的“燃油效率”是指汽车每消耗1 升汽油行驶的里程，下图描述了甲、乙、丙三辆汽车在不同速度下的燃油效率情况. 下列叙述中正确的是（）(A)消耗1 升汽油，乙车最多可行驶5千米(B)以相同速度行驶相同路程，三辆车中，甲车消耗汽油最多(C)甲车以80 千米/小时的速度行驶1 小时，消耗10 升汽油(D)某城市机动车最高限速80 千米/小时. 相同条件下，在该市用丙车比用乙车更省油a a18. 若a，b是函数的两个不同的零点，且a，b，−2这三个数可适当排序后成等差数列，也可适当排序后成等比数列，则p +q 的值等于（）(A)1 (B)4 (C)5 (D)9三．解答题（本大题满分74 分）本大题共有5 题，解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤．19. （本题满分12 分）本题共有2 个小题，第1 小题满分6 分，第2 小题满分满分6 分．如图，四棱锥S −ABCD中，底面ABCD 为正方形，SA ⊥平面ABCD，AB=3，SA=4 （1）求异面直线SC 与AD 所成角；（2）求点B 到平面SCD 的距离.20. （本题满分14 分）本题共有2 个小题，第1 小题满分8 分，第2 小题满分满分6 分．如图，旅客从某旅游区的景点A 处下山至C 处有两种路径.一种是从A沿直线步行到C ，另一种从A沿索道乘缆车到B ，然后从B 沿直线步行到C .现有甲、乙两位游客从A 处下山，甲沿AC 匀速步行，速度为50米/分钟，在甲出发2分钟后，乙从A 乘缆车到B ，在B 处停留1 分钟后，再从B 匀速步行到C . 假设缆车匀速直线运动的速度为130 米/分钟，山路AC 长1260 米，经测量，（1）求索道AB 的长；（2）问乙出发后多少分钟后，乙在缆车上与甲的距离最短？21. （本题满分14 分）本题共有2 个小题，第1 小题满分5 分，第2 小题满分满分9 分．已知△ABC的顶点A，B在椭圆x2＋3y2＝4上，C在直线l：y ＝x＋2上，且AB∥l．（1）当AB 边通过坐标原点O时，求AB的长及△ABC的面积；（2）当∠ABC ＝90°，且斜边AC 的长最大时，求AB 所在直线的方程．22. （本题满分16 分）本题共有3 个小题，第1 小题满分4 分，第2 小题满分满分6 分，第3 小题满分满分6 分．已知函数f (x) ＝x ｜x a ｜＋b, x∈R.（1）当b ＝0时，判断f (x)的奇偶性，并说明理由；（2）当a ＝1,b ＝1时，若，求x的值；（3）若－1≤b ＜0，且对任意x∈［0,1］不等式f (x) ＜0恒成立，求实数a的取值范围．23. （本题满分18 分）本题共有3 个小题，第1 小题满分4 分，第2 小题满分满分6 分，第3 小题满分满分8 分．设m 个正数依次围成一个圆圈．其中(k＜m,k∈N*)是公差为d 的等差数列，而是公比为q 的等比数列．⑴若，求数列的所有项的和S m；⑵若，求m的最大值；⑶当q ＝2时是否存在正整数k ，满足？若存在，求出k 值；若不存在，请说明理由．13、1或5；14、①，③，④二、选择题15、A; 16、B17、D18、D三、解答题。

上海市崇明县高考生物一模试卷(含解析)

2016年上海市崇明县高考生物一模试卷一、单选题（共60分，每小题只有一个正确选项，每题2分）1．下列不可能是微生物生殖方式的是 ( )A．孢子生殖 B．出芽生殖 C．分裂生殖 D．营养生殖2．下列关于DNA、RNA和ATP的叙述正确的是 ( )A．DNA与ATP所含元素的种类不同B．RNA合成必需的原料之一是ATPC．tRNA的合成必须以mRNA为模板D．三者共同组分有腺嘌呤和磷酸基团3．原核生物都具有的结构是( )A．质膜和核膜B．线粒体和核膜C．质膜和核糖体 D．线粒体和核糖体4．下列不能将获取的信息转化为神经冲动的是 ( )A．味细胞B．温度感受器C．鼓膜 D．视细胞5．下列物质代谢过程只在肝细胞内才能完成的是 ( )A．血糖→糖原B．胆固醇→胆汁酸C．脂肪酸→脂肪 D．葡萄糖→丙酮酸6．下列属于人体免疫第二道防线的是 ( )A．胃酸的杀菌作用B．唾液中溶菌酶的杀菌作用C．巨噬细胞中溶酶体的消化作用D．致敏T细胞裂解抗原细胞7．寒冷的冬季人从室内走到室外环境中将会出现的生理反应是 ( )A．耗氧量增加，体表血管收缩 B．耗氧量减少，立毛肌放松C．耗氧量减少，心律变慢 D．耗氧量增加，体温升高8．下列人体内的生理活动与蛋白质功能无关的是 ( )A．O2在血液中的运输B．O2进入线粒体C．甘油在肝细胞内转变为丙酮酸D．细胞识别9．小肠上皮细胞所处的细胞外液是指( )A．淋巴液B．组织液C．血浆 D．小肠液10．光刺激15分钟导致肾脏功能障碍的小鼠体内水分向细胞内液转移，引起细胞水肿，这种情况发生在神经细胞时，将会引起嗜睡、烦躁、昏迷等，其原因是( )A．神经细胞神经递质合成减少B．神经细胞内电解质浓度降低C．神经细胞质膜上递质受体减少D．神经细胞质膜上离子通道数量减少11．用蛋白酶去除大肠杆菌核糖体的蛋白质，处理后的核糖体仍可催化氨基酸的脱水缩合反应，由此可推测核糖体中能催化该反应的物质是( )A．蛋白酶B．RNA聚合酶C．RNA D．逆转录酶12．下列关于酶工程的叙述正确的是( )A．加酶洗衣粉中通常含有纤维素酶和脂肪酶等B．尿糖试纸中含有葡萄糖水解酶和过氧化氢酶C．控制温度和PH值是酶的生产中保持酶活力的要素D．酶的固定化技术中所用的承载物易溶于水13．图为氨基酸和Na+进出肾小管上皮细胞的示意图．下列选项中正确的是( )A．①过程为协助扩散B．②过程需要消耗ATPC．③过程为主动运输D．Na+进出肾小管上皮细胞必须载体蛋白14．图表示细胞呼吸作用的过程，其中①②③代表有关生理过程发生的场所，甲、乙代表该过程中产生的中间产物．下列相关叙述正确的是( )A．①具有双层膜结构 B．②中产生的ATP最多C．③中产生的最多D．甲代表丙酮酸15．图所示为某一人体中发生的生理过程，正常情况下对这一过程的描述错误的是( )A．该种细胞类型转换过程称为细胞分化B．该过程产生的各细胞中携带的基因相同C．该过程所有细胞中含量最多的化合物相同D．各种细胞生理功能不同与tRNA不同有关16．图中①②③表示当有神经冲动传到神经末梢时，神经递质从突触小泡内释放并作用于突触后膜的机制，下列叙述错误的是( )A．图中神经末梢一定是轴突末梢B．过程②中神经递质的释放需要能量C．过程③实现电信号向化学信号的转变D．突触传递的方向与突触小泡和受体相关17．图是观察洋葱根尖分生组织细胞有丝分裂各时期的局部显微照片．下列叙述正确的是( )A．细胞②中每条染色体的着丝点排列在细胞板上B．细胞①中染色体被平均分配并正向细胞两极移动C．细胞①中DNA分子数是细胞②中的2倍D．在细胞周期中细胞③时期经历的时间最长18．下列关于人体红细胞吸收葡萄糖供能过程中各产物出现的先后顺序正确的是( )①酒精②CO2③H2O④ATP⑤乳酸⑥H+⑦丙酮酸．A．⑥⑦⑤③ B．④⑦②③ C．④⑦②① D．⑥④⑦⑤19．性状分离比的模拟实验中，如图准备了实验装置，棋子上标记的D、d代表基因．实验时需分别从甲、乙中各随机抓取一枚棋子，并记录字母．此操作模拟了( )①等位基因的分离②同源染色体的联会③雌雄配子的随机结合④非等位基因的自由组合．A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④20．在“观察植物细胞的质壁分离和复原”实验中，对紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮临时装片进行了三次观察（如图所示）．下列有关叙述错误的是 ( )A．第一次观察时容易看到紫色大液泡和较大的无色细胞质基质区域B．相同视野下第二次观察时看到的紫色大液泡最小C．前后两次吸水纸引流的液体分别是蔗糖溶液和清水D．第一次观察步骤是为了便于将实验前和实验中的现象变化作对比21．为了探究中国水仙只开花不结实（高度不育）的原因，有研究者开展了染色体核型的分析实验，核型分析结果如图所示．下列有关分析错误的是( )A．中国水仙是三倍体B．要使观察到的染色体形态清晰可用秋水仙素染色C．在中国水仙的花药中一般找不到正常的生殖细胞D．高度不育根本原因是减数分裂时同源染色体联会紊乱22．在应用农杆菌侵染植物叶片获得转基因植株的常规实验步骤中，不需要的是( )A．用携带目的基因的农杆菌侵染植物细胞B．用适当比例的生长素和细胞分裂素诱导愈伤组织生芽C．用聚乙二醇诱导转基因细胞的原生质体融合D．用选择培养基筛选导入目的基因的细胞23．某二倍体植物中，抗病和感病这对相对性状由一对等位基因控制，要确定这对性状的显隐性关系，应该选用的杂交组合是( )A．抗病株×感病株B．抗病纯合体×感病纯合体C．抗病株×抗病株，或感病株×感病株D．抗病纯合体×抗病纯合体，或感病纯合体×感病纯合体24．卡介苗是用于预防结核杆菌的疫苗，下列各图中能准确反应卡介苗接种者血清中抗结核杆菌抗体浓度随时间的变化趋势的是( )A．B．C．D．25．研究显示，某保护区内地雀喙的形态与ALX1基因高度相关，图显示ALX1基因型（BB、BP和PP）与FM地雀喙形态的关系．在该保护区内共发现具有钝喙、尖喙和中间型FM地雀的数量分别为260只、180只和360只，则P的基因频率是…( )A．55% B．56.25% C．45% D．44.75%26．如图是某岛具有两张遗传病的家族系谱图．设甲病显性基因为A，隐性基因为a；乙病显性基因为B，隐性基因为b，控制两种性状的基因之间存在连锁关系．则Ⅲ﹣8的基因型为( )A．aB∥aB B．aB∥ab C．ab∥ab D．aaBB27．正常情况下，在人的初级卵母细胞经减数分裂形成卵细胞的过程中，一个细胞中含有的X 染色体条数最多为( )A．0条B．1条C．2条D．4条28．在“双螺旋DNA分子模型搭建实验”中，为了逼真起见，用一种长度的塑料片代表A和G，用另一长度的塑料片代表C和T，并且使用代表氢键的订书钉将代表四种碱基的塑料片连为一体．现已搭建一段含有10个碱基对的DNA分子片段，其中有3对是A与T碱基对，那么由此搭建而成的DNA双螺旋的整条模型的粗细和所用钉子数正确的是 ( )A．粗细相同，23个钉B．粗细相同，27个钉C．粗细不同，23个钉D．粗细不同，27个钉29．早金莲由三对等位基因控制花的长度，这三对基因分别位于三对同源染色体上，作用相等且具叠加性．已知每个显性基因控制花长为5mm，每个隐性基因控制花长为2mm．花长为24mm 的同种基因型个体相互授粉，后代出现性状分离，其中与亲本具有同等花长的个体所占比例是( )A．B．C．D．30．Qβ噬菌体的遗传物质（QβRNA）是一条单链RNA．当噬菌体侵染大肠杆菌后，QβRNA立即作为模板翻译出成熟蛋白、外壳蛋白和RNA复制酶（如图所示），然后利用该复制酶复制QβRNA．下列叙述正确的是( )A．QβRNA的复制需经历一个逆转录过程B．QβRNA的复制需经历形成双链RNA的过程C．一条QβRNA模板只能翻译出一条肽链D．QβRNA复制后，复制酶基因才能进行表达二、综合分析题（共90分）（一）回答有关生物多样性和生物进化的问题31．宁波木犀是一种常绿植物，主要分布在我国长江流域及其以南地区，是一种综合利用价值很高的植物资源．其生长适应性强，喜阳光充足、温暖湿润的气候，对土壤要求不高．分子水平研究表明，宁波木犀和桂花在植物分类学上同属于木犀属，因此常有人将宁波木犀当作野生桂花来利用而被大肆采挖，造成了宁波木樨野生资源数量急剧减少．（1）图为不同区域宁波木樨海拔垂直分布格局，由图1可知，宁波木樨垂直分布区域最广的是__________省．下列最可能与造成如图分布格局无关的因素是__________．A．降水B．气温C．光照D．土壤（2）调查发现，同一区域不同海拔的宁波木犀种群之间存在着丰富的遗传多样性，造成这种差异的根本原因有__________．（3）建立自然保护区是保护宁波木犀遗传多样性的有效措施之一，这属于__________保护．为使其后代具有更强的适应环境变化能力，最有效的繁殖方法是__________．A．种子繁殖B．嫁接C．扦插D．植物组织培养（4）调查某一区域内植物种群密度可以采用样方法．图2中ABCD所示为各种不同的取样方法，图中黑点表示被统计的宁波木犀，其中对取样的统计方法正确的有__________（多选）．（5）研究者借助PCR技术对黄山、金华和南京地区的宁波木犀种群和桂花种群之间进行了遗传相似性研究，并绘制了基于遗传距离的聚类图（如图3），由此推断__________亲缘关系最近．A．黄山和金华的宁波木犀B．黄山和南京的宁波木犀C．金华和南京的宁波木犀D．南京的宁波木犀和桂花．三、解答题（共1小题，满分10分）32．图1为真核细胞的部分结构及细胞内物质转运的示意图．图2表示3种生物膜结构及其所发生的部分生理过程．请回答下列问题：（1）若图1所示为人体某种细胞，则该细胞不可能具有的结构是__________（填序号）．下列细胞中不可能具有图1所示细胞内物质转运过程的是__________．A．乳腺细胞B．成熟的红细胞C．胰岛细胞D．浆细胞（2）下列相关描述正确的有__________（多选）．A．图2中的乙可能是图1的质膜B．图2中丙所示生理过程只能发生在图1结构⑤中C．植物细胞一定同时具有图2所示结构D．图1新合成的mRNA以胞吐方式穿过核孔进入细胞质中E．叶肉细胞与人体肝脏细胞都具有图2中的甲和乙（3）若图1中合成的物质为丙酮酸脱氢酶，推测该酶将被转运到__________（填序号）发挥作用．（4）图2的乙中存在3种信号分子，但只有1种信号分子能与其受体蛋白结合，这说明__________；若与受体蛋白结合的是促甲状腺激素释放激素，那么靶器官是__________．（5）结合图1中的相关结构，进行以下实验．将以下4支试管置于适合的温度下，经过一定时间后能产生ATP的是__________．四、解答题（共1小题，满分10分）33．资料I：人工瘤胃模仿了牛羊等反刍动物的胃，可用来发酵处理秸秆，提高秸秆的营养价值．为了增强发酵效果，研究人员从牛胃中筛选出纤维素酶高产菌株，并对其降解纤维素能力进行了研究．请回答下列问题：（1）要有效分离获得产纤维素酶菌，培养基必须添加的碳源物质是__________．（2）在样品稀释和涂布平板步骤中，下列选项不需要的是__________．A．酒精灯 B．培养皿 C．显微镜 D．无菌水资料Ⅱ：刚果红可以与纤维素形成红色复合物，但并不与纤维素降解产物纤维二糖和葡萄糖发生这种反应．研究人员在刚果红培养基平板上，筛到了几株有透明降解圈的菌落（见图1）．（3）降解纤维素能力最强的菌株是__________（填图1中序号）．与图中降解圈大小有关的因素有__________（多选）．A．纤维素酶的产量 B．纤维素酶的活性C．菌落中产纤维素酶菌的种类多少 D．培养基中纤维素的含量（4）研究人员用筛选到的纤维素酶高产菌株J1和J4，在不同温度和pH条件下进行发酵，测得发酵液中酶活性的结果见图2甲和图2乙，由此推测菌株__________更适合用于人工瘤胃发酵，理由是__________．五、解答题（共1小题，满分10分）34．为了研究2个新育品种P1、P2幼苗的光合作用特性，研究人员分别测定了新育品种与原种（对照）叶片的净光合速率、蛋白质含量和叶绿素含量，结果见图1和图2和表1所示．请回答下列问题：（1）图1的净光合速率是指测得的单位时间、单位叶面积释放__________的量．运用已有的知识对图1中曲线进行分析，以下说法不正确的是__________．A．实验采用的叶片叶龄必须一致B．实验过程中光照强度和二氧化碳浓度必须一致C．三个品种进行光合作用最适宜的温度没有显著差异D．40℃条件下P1品种的生长速度最快（2）分析图2可知，新育品种P1的叶片光合作用能力最强的主要原因与__________有关．研究发现，能增加类囊体膜对H+的通透性，从而消除类囊体膜两侧的H+浓度差．若将注入叶绿体基质，下列过程中会被抑制的是__________．A．电子传递B．ATP的合成C．NADPH的合成D．光能的吸收（3）表是对新育品种P1、P2叶肉细胞叶绿体内蛋白质表达量的测定结果．结合图2分析下列叙述正确的有__________（多选）．蛋白质序号蛋白质名称或功能新育品种1表达量新育品种2表达量①ATP合成酶0.45 0.30②固定二氧化碳的X酶0.18 0.14③传递电子0.52 0.33④固定二氧化碳的Y酶0.14 0.00A．H+是经过类囊体上的蛋白质①从高浓度到低浓度进入类囊体腔中的B．蛋白质①③位于叶绿体内膜上，蛋白质②④位于叶绿体基质中C．P1光合作用强度高于P2，与参与光合作用的酶的种类和表达量多有关D．P1光反应产生的NADPH和 ATP比P2多与叶绿素和传递电子含量的差异有关（4）为研究光质对新育品种P1和P2幼苗生长的影响，研究者用乙醇和石油醚分别对P1和P2幼苗叶绿体中的色素进行了提取和分离，其纸层析的结果如图3（I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为色素条带）．下列分析正确的是__________（多选）A．甲是新育品种P1，乙是新育品种P2B．色素Ⅲ、Ⅳ主要吸收的光谱不同C．红橙光下新育品种P1的光合效率比P2高D．滤液在点样线上只能画一次是实验成功的关键．六、解答题（共1小题，满分10分）35．肝脏是人体内重要的物质代谢场所．图1表示肝细胞内的部分物质代谢示意图，其中字母表示物质，数字代表生理过程．图2为某健康人的血糖变化情况，此人在13时前仅进了早餐．请分析回答：（1）糖原、脂肪和蛋白质彻底氧化分解后，产生的共同最终产物是__________．（2）物质D在肝细胞内的通过过程⑥__________作用后转变成__________排出体外的．（3）下列关于肝细胞内代谢的描述不正确的有__________．A．H物质与人体血糖的合成和分解是动态平衡的B．物质C的主要功能是维持人体体温恒定C．G物质可能是脂肪酸 D．脂肪只有在有物质F条件下才能被彻底氧化分解（4）脂肪肝是在脂肪代谢紊乱时，脂肪堆积于肝脏内而形成的疾病．下列与导致脂肪肝产生无关的因素是__________A．长期脂肪摄入量过高B．脂蛋白摄入量不足C．脂蛋白合成受阻D．磷脂合成受阻（5）下列关于图2中A、B、C三点人体对血糖平衡调节的描述错误的是__________（多选）A．A点时胰岛素分泌增加，使图1中过程①⑤增强B．在B点，体内胰高血糖素分泌量增加，胰岛素不再发挥作用C．从A点到C点时对应的时间范围内血糖在3.89﹣6.11mmol/L范围内波动D．为维持血糖水平，C点时细胞内脂肪开始分解（6）寒冷条件下，人体内能加速糖和脂肪氧化分解供能的激素主要是__________，与其具有协同效应的激素是__________，两者在维持内环境稳态中的共同作用是__________．七、解答题（共1小题，满分10分）36．资料I：图1显示一种单基因遗传病（甲病G﹣g）在两个家族中的遗传系谱，其中II﹣9不携带致病基因，Ⅲ﹣14是女性．（1）甲病的遗传方式是__________．Ⅲ﹣14的基因型是__________．（2）除患者外，Ⅲ﹣13的旁系血亲中，携带有甲病基因的是__________．资料Ⅱ：图2显示的是8号和9号夫妇及其15号智障儿子细胞中的两对染色体（不考虑受精和胚胎发育过程中的任何情况，图中A﹣a与智障无关，它是控制乙病的基因）．（3）以下对造成15号智障的根本原因的分析正确的是__________．A．父亲染色体上的基因发生突变B．母亲染色体上的基因发生突变C．母亲染色体发生缺失D．母亲染色体发生易位（4）已知乙病（A﹣a）为显性遗传病．下列对甲病和乙病致病基因的描述中，正确的是__________（多选）．A．两者的脱氧核苷酸序列不同B．各自遵循基因的分离定律遗传C．两者之间能发生基因重组D．致病基因仅由母亲传递（5）Ⅲ﹣15号患乙病的概率是__________．Ⅲ﹣15号与Ⅲ﹣11号生育一个患甲乙两种病孩子的概率是__________．八、解答题（共2小题，满分20分）37．取同种生物的不同类型细胞，检测其基因表达，结果如图1所示．（1）图1中显示基因2在每个细胞中都能表达，此基因可能是__________（多选）．A．控制核糖体蛋白质合成的基因B．控制胰岛素合成的基因C．控制呼吸酶合成的基因D．控制抗体合成的基因（2）图所示细胞中功能最为近似的是细胞__________．（3）图3所示基因1用EcoR I切割后产生的片段为“”．为使基因7与基因1相连，含有基因7的DNA除可用EcoR I切割外，还可用另一种限制性内切酶切割，该酶必须具有的特点是__________．（4）现欲研究基因1和基因7连接后形成的新基因的功能，导入质粒前用限制酶切割的正确位置是__________．（5）大多数生物的翻译起始密码子为AUG或GUG．若图3所示为基因7在受体细胞内转录产生的mRNA中部分序列，若下划线“0”表示的是一个决定谷氨酸的密码子，则该mRNA的起始密码子可能是__________．A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4．38．【实验背景】①花青素又称花色素，是一种水溶性色素，是构成花瓣和果实颜色的主要色素之一，广泛存在于深红色、紫色或蓝色的蔬菜水果中．花青素具有很强的抗氧化性，对维持正常的人体生理功能具有重要作用，所以探究提高花青素提取率的条件对降低花青素的提取成本具有重要意义．②研究发现，花青素的提取率与波长525nm处吸光度呈正相关，因此通过测定525nm处吸光度可间接反映花青素的提取率．【提出问题】不同温度和不同种类的金属离子是否影响花青素提取率？若有影响，最佳条件是什么？【实验材料】成熟的紫色圆茄子皮；氯化镁、硫酸锌、硫酸铜、硫酸锰、氯化钠及氯化钙分析纯等；提取花青素有关的所有器材．【实验设计与实施】一、制备原料；二、不同条件下提取花青素．【实验数据分析】基于上述问题而设计并实施的实验数据统计如图25所示．其中实验二是在实验一的基础上进一步实施的，实验二数据来自于每种离子浓度为0.6g/L的条件下．（1）花青素主要存在于__________（细胞器）中，提取花青素时所用的提取液和提取叶绿素的提取液__________（相同/不同）．不同提取备件下圆茄子皮的吸光度（波长525nm）（2）实验一的课题是“温度对茄子皮中花青素提取率的影响”，实验结论是提取温度在__________℃时可以获得较好的花青素提取率．根据实验二中的自变量写出实验课题的名称：__________．（3）以下关于实验一和实验二的实施过程及数据分析描述错误的有__________（多选）．A．实验一实施过程中的控制变量之一是每组均不加入金属离子B．实验二的对照组中必须添加各种金属离子C．Ca+对花青素的提取有抑制作用D．Mg+和Zn+对花青素的提取有显著的抑制作用F．实验二的温度设置控制在40℃可以得到最佳提取效果（4）通过上述两个实验，有同学认为可以得出结论“50℃时加入0.6g/L的锌离子时圆茄子皮花青素提取率最高”．你认为这一结论是否合理？__________为完善实验，你认为需要进一步探究的课题有（至少写2个）①__________②__________．九、解答题（共1小题，满分10分）39．资料I：埋在土中的种子萌发时为了成功破土而出，幼苗的下胚轴顶端会产生曲折，将幼弱的子叶和顶端分生组织弯向下生长，这种弯曲的构造称为“顶端弯钩”（如图1所示），它的形成防止了子叶与顶端分生组织在出土过程中与土壤直接触碰而造成的机械伤害．（1）图2是在黑暗条件下给予黄化幼苗（野生型和hls1突变体）外源植物激素时幼苗的生长状况．在图中可以看到野生型的个体中标号__________（填字母）“顶端弯钩”现象最明显，初步推断乙烯__________（促进/抑制）顶端弯钩的形成，茉莉素__________（促进/抑制）顶端弯钩的形成．（2）顶端弯钩的形成与HLS1基因的表达有关，图3所示为外源激素对HLS1基因的表达量作用的影响．研究发现hls1突变体（HLS1基因异常）不能形成顶端弯钩，下列分析正确是__________（多选）A．hls1突变体不能表达HLS1基因，所以不能形成顶端弯钩B．乙烯激活HLS1基因表达，促进了顶端弯钩的形成C．茉莉素抑制HLS1基因的表达，所以抑制了顶端弯钩的形成D．在茉莉素+乙烯的作用下，随着时间的推移，HLS1基因表达先升高再降低资料Ⅱ：真核生物在转录过程中需要一些蛋白因子的协助，称为转录因子．基因要在转录因子的作用下才能表达．图4中的MYC2 和EIN3即为转录因子．（3）图4为茉莉素﹣乙烯在顶端弯钩形成中的作用机理，其中“”表示抑制，“→”表示促进，对该图解释合理的是__________（多选）A．乙烯通过EIN3调控激活HLS1基因的表达B．茉莉素通过直接抑制EIN3的功能来降低HLS1基因的表达C．转录因子MYC2可通过促进EBF1基因的表达来促进HLS1基因的表达D．茉莉素和乙烯在顶端弯曲形成过程中相互拮抗（4）若EBF1基因表达异常，茉莉素还能否发挥其作用？__________．请分析说明__________．2016年上海市崇明县高考生物一模试卷一、单选题（共60分，每小题只有一个正确选项，每题2分）1．下列不可能是微生物生殖方式的是 ( )A．孢子生殖 B．出芽生殖 C．分裂生殖 D．营养生殖【考点】受精作用．【专题】正推法；减数分裂．【分析】无性生殖指的是没有两性生殖细胞的结合的生殖方式，常见的生殖方式有：扦插、嫁接、组织培养、营养生殖等．【解答】解：A、孢子在温度、湿度等条件适宜的情况下能够萌发长出新的个体，这样的繁殖方式叫孢子生殖，微生物可进行孢子生殖，A错误．B、出芽生殖是指由细胞分裂产生子代，在一定部位长出与母体相似的芽体，即芽基，芽基并不立即脱离母体，而与母体相连，继续接受母体提供养分，直到个体可独立生活才脱离母体，如酵母菌可进行出牙生殖，B错误．C、细菌等可进行分裂生殖，C错误．D、植物用根、茎、叶等营养器官进行繁殖的方式叫做营养繁殖，微生物不能进行营养生殖，D正确．故选：D．【点评】本题考查了生殖方式的种类，试题难度一般，无性生殖是植物常见的生殖方式，可与有性生殖对比理解．2．下列关于DNA、RNA和ATP的叙述正确的是 ( )A．DNA与ATP所含元素的种类不同B．RNA合成必需的原料之一是ATPC．tRNA的合成必须以mRNA为模板D．三者共同组分有腺嘌呤和磷酸基团【考点】DNA与RNA的异同；ATP的化学组成和特点．【专题】对比分析法；蛋白质核酸的结构与功能；ATP在能量代谢中的作用．【分析】1、DNA和RNA的异同：英文缩写基本组成单位五碳糖含氮碱基存在场所结构DNA 脱氧核糖核苷酸脱氧核糖A、C、G、T 主要在细胞核中，在叶绿体和线粒体中有少量存在一般是双链结构RNA 核糖核苷酸核糖A、C、G、U 主要存在细胞质中一般是单链结构2、ATP的结构式可简写成A﹣P～P～P，式中A代表腺苷，T代表3个，P代表磷酸基团，～代表高能磷酸键．【解答】解：A、DNA与ATP所含元素的种类相同，都是C、H、O、N、P，A错误；B、RNA合成必需的原料是四种核糖核苷酸，而不是ATP，B错误；C、tRNA的合成必须以DNA的一条链为模板，C错误；D、DNA、RNA和ATP三者共同组分有腺嘌呤和磷酸基团，D正确．故选：D．【点评】本题考查DNA和RNA的异同、ATP的化学组成和特点，要求考生识记DNA和RNA的异同，能对两者进行比较；识记ATP的化学特点，能结合所学的知识准确判断各选项．3．原核生物都具有的结构是( )A．质膜和核膜B．线粒体和核膜C．质膜和核糖体 D．线粒体和核糖体【考点】原核细胞和真核细胞的形态和结构的异同．【分析】真核细胞和原核细胞的比较：类别原核细胞真核细胞细胞大小较小（一般1～10um）较大（1～100um）细胞核无成形的细胞核，无核膜、核仁、染色体，只有拟核有成形的细胞核，有核膜、核仁和染色体细胞质只有核糖体，没有其它复杂的细胞有核糖体、线粒体等，植物细胞还有。

上海市崇明县2016届高三第一次模拟考试化学试题及答案

上海市崇明县2016届高三第一次模拟考试化学试题（考试时间120分钟，满分150分，请将答案填写在答题纸上）本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 Cl-35.5 K-39Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65 Ba-137 Pb-207第I卷（共66分）一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1、下列过程只破坏离子键的是………………………………………………………………（）A．KClO3分解得氧气B．NaHSO4加热熔化C．KHSO4晶体溶于水D．NH4Cl受热分解2、属于酸性氧化物的是………………………………………………………………………（）A．NO B．NO2C．CO D．CO23、有关氧元素及含氧物质表示正确的是……………………………………………………（）A．质子数为8、中子数为10的氧原子：(O)-的结构示意图：B．氧离子28+ 2 8C．某氧单质的球棍模型：D．某碳氧化合物电子式：4、下列工业生产的主要化学反应不涉及应用勒夏特列原理进行控制的是………………（）A．合成氨B．制硫酸C．制盐酸D．制纯碱5、化学中有许多的“守恒相等”，下列不符合的是…………………………………………（）A. 化学反应中，反应物总能量与生成物总能量B. 化学反应中，反应物总质量与生成物总质量C. 溶液中，稀释前溶质质量与稀释后溶质质量D. 在化合物中，正化合价总数与负化合价总数二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项）6、短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W原子序数依次增大，X与Z原子序数相差8，Y元素的焰色为黄色，Z 元素的最高价为6+。

下列叙述正确的是 ………………………………………（） A ．半径：2(X )(Y )r r -+> B ．沸点：22H Z H X > C ．稳定性：2H Z HW >D ．熔点：22Y X Y Z >7、现有三种常见治疗胃酸过多症状的药物，它们的抑酸效果大小的顺序是 ……………（）序号名称抑酸成分主要成分含量/片① INDICALM CaCO 3 250mg ② Stamachease Al(OH)3 250mg ③Fash digestion MgO250mg A ．①＝②＝③B ．①＞②＞③C ．③＞②＞①D ．②＞③＞①8、下列有关颜色变化的叙述不正确的是 ……………………………………………………（） A ．淀粉溶液中滴入碘水——变蓝色 B ．溴化银见光分解——变黑色C ．苯酚溶液中滴入3Fe +——变紫色D ．胆矾空气中久置——变白色9、下列事实中，能用同一化学原理解释的是…………………………………………………（） A ．氯气和二氧化硫都能使品红溶液褪色 B ．异戊烷和异戊二烯都能使溴水层褪色 C ．亚硫酸钠和乙烯都能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色 D ．活性炭与氢氧化钠溶液都能使二氧化氮气体褪色10、相同温度下，在水中分别加入下列物质，若用K W 表示水的离子积，α表示水的电离度，能使α/K W的值增大的是………………………………………………………………………（） A ．NH 4NO 3 B ．NaHSO 4C ．NaOHD ．KCl11、北京大学和中国科学院的化学工作者已成功研制出碱金属与C 60形成的球碳盐K 3C 60，实验测知该物质熔融状态下能导电。

上海市崇明县2016-2017学年高二、高三第一学期一模测试生命科学试卷

高二、三生命科学共10页第1页崇明县2016学年第一学期高二、高三一模测试卷生命科学考生注意：1. 试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟2. 作答必须全部涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

选择题的作答必须用2B铅笔涂在答题纸的相应区域。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每个小题只有一个正确答案）1．不食不洁生水和生贝壳类海产品是防止霍乱发生的有效措施之一，可推断霍乱弧菌的传播方式是A ．空气传播B ．接触传播C ．媒介物传播D ．病媒传播2．某同学在电子显微镜下看到如图1所示的细胞结构，他所观察的细胞最有可能所属的生物是 A ．颤藻 B ．细菌 C ．人D ．菠菜3．下列物质能和双缩脲试剂反应出现紫色现象的是A ．B ．C ．D ．4．突变酵母的发酵效率高于野生型，常在酿酒工业发酵中使用。

图2为呼吸链突变酵母的呼吸过程，下列相关叙述错误．．的是A ．突变酵母乙醇代谢途径未变B ．突变酵母依旧能产生[H]C ．氧气充足时，野生型酵母种群增殖速率大于突变体D ．通入氧气后，突变酵母产生A TP 的主要部位是线粒体图1CH 2OH HHOOH OHHO NH 2 C COOH HHO P ～O P ～O P O CH 2OOHOHOHNH 2 NN N N图2H 2N C CO NH C NH C HCH 3 CH 2 COOH高二、三生命科学共10页第2页5．在紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的失水和吸水实验中，显微镜下可依次观察到图3所示甲、乙、丙三种细胞状态。

下列叙述正确的是A ．由甲到乙需将低倍镜转换到高倍镜B ．甲、乙、丙不能在同一个细胞内依次发生C ．与甲相比，乙液泡内溶液浓度较低D ．由乙到丙的过程中需滴加清水引流 6．二战期间，人们用每分钟100次响铃的铃声来提醒水兵前往作战基地，战后，退役水兵和学生共同完成如图4所示的研究。

对该研究结果的分析不合理的是A ．每分钟100次的响铃对士兵来说是条件刺激B ．每分钟100次的响铃对学生来说是无关刺激C ．大于每分钟100次响铃之后，士兵的条件反射逐渐消退D ．士兵听到响铃后心率加速是在作战中强化的结果7．肌肉细胞可接受来自神经元的神经递质信号Ach 并引起肌肉收缩（如图5），但该神经——肌肉突触易受化学因素影响，如：毒扁豆碱可使突触间隙中的Ach 酯酶失去活性；肉毒杆菌毒素可阻断Ach 释放；箭毒可与Ach 受体强力结合，却不能使离子通道开放。

崇明县2016年高三英语一模试卷

崇明县2016届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）第Ⅰ卷 (共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speak e rs. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Classmates. B. Husband and wife. C. Teacher and student. D. Manager and clerk.2. A. To go to the bank. B. To buy some books. C. To have coffee. D. To draw some pictures.3. A. At a food shop. B. At a restaurant. C. At the airport. D. At the railway station.4. A. To read a book about radio. B. To listen to the radio.C. To talk about a radio program.D. To write a program.5. A. They don’t like the second show. B. The people in line all have tickets.C. They won’t have to wait much lo nger.D. They will have to go to a later show.6. A. Boiling water. B. Taking a shower. C. The weather. D. A dying man.7. A. $200. B. $300. C. $400. D. $450.8. A. The article was actually longer. B. The article was not good enough.C. His publishing career has just begun.D. The newspaper printed his another article.9. A. Typing a 24-page letter. B. Helping to press the buttons.C. Showing the operation steps.D. Presenting a marketing lecture.10. A. Remove George from the committee immediately.B. Tell George that his attendance problem is serious.C. Telephone George to come to the meeting right away.D. Offer to give George a helping hand during the meeting.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To increase people’s yearly income. B. To develop public transport.C. To improve people’s work efficiency.D. To decrease traffic on the streets.12. A. 12 Euros. B. 25 Euros. C. 50 Euros. D. 600 Euros.13. A. By collecting traffic tickets. B. By using a smartphone application.C. By reinvesting fines wisely.D. By employing 50 workers.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A lawyer. B. A student. C. A teacher. D. A politician.15. A. To be sold at a higher price. B. To meet the needs of different people.C. To make people self-conscious.D. To leave a deeper impression on readers.16. A. It’s good to read on public transport. B. It’s wrong to see what others are reading.C. Most people pretend to be an intellectual.D. Don’t judge a person by what he reads in public.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Fable of the HedgehogIt was the coldest winter ever. Many animals died (25)_____ cold was the biggest enemy for the animals living in the forest. Many animals tried their best to get warm.The hedgehogs(刺猬), (26)_____(realize) the situation, decided to group together to keep warm. This way they covered and protected themselves; but they forgot one important fact (27)_____ when they got together to warm each other, the quills(刚毛) of each one wounded their closest companions.After a while, they began to bleed, and they (28)_____ no longer bear the pain. They had no other good ideas, so they decided to distance (29)_____ one from the other. Under the cold circumstance, they began to die, alone and frozen. Day after day, more and more hedgehogs died in this cold winter. So they had to make (30)_____ choice: either accept the quills of their companions or disappear from the Earth.Wisely, they decided to go back to being together. They learned to live with the little wounds (31)_____ (cause) by the close relationship with their companions to receive the heat that came from the others. This way they were able to survive.The best relationship is not the one that brings together perfect people, but when each individual learns to live with the imperfections of others and can admire other people’s good qualities.(B)Facebook’s Safety Check Lets Users Know about Friends after Paris Terror Attacks Facebook managed to put its vast number of user data to good use aft er Friday’s tragic terror attacks in Paris: the social network customized(定制) its safety check feature to let users know (32)_____ their friends and loved ones in Paris are safe.Users in the area (33)_____(alert) by Facebook’s mobile apps, asking them abo ut their safety, and offering to check on any of their friends. The app also sends out alerts to anyone who has friends in Paris, (34)_____ Facebook’s website lets anyone check on the status and whereabouts(行踪) of their friends as well.It is probably the first time that most people (35)_____(see) Facebook’s safety check today, but the company actually launched it in response to the Nepal earthquake (36)_____ (early) this year. At the time, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg wrote: ―When disasters happen, people need (37)_____ (know) their loved ones are safe. At moments like this, (38)_____(be) able to connect really matters.‖Facebook wasn’t the only technology company to reach out directly to its users in Paris after the terror attacks. AirBnB sent its customers in Paris an email (39)_____ advised them to stay in place and follow the directions from local authorities. Paris-based Twitter users took initiative into their own hands and quickly established a tag —#PorteOuverte, which translates to ―open door‖ —to open up their homes (40)_____ temporary shelters to others caught up in the attacks.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As further proof that you can now 3D-print anything, a company called Natural Machines has introduced a 3D printer for food.T he ―Foodini‖, as it’s called, isn’t too different from a regular 3D printer, but instead of printing with plastics, it prints eatable ingredients 41 out of steel capsules (容器): ―It’s the same technology,‖ says Lynette Kucsma, co-founder of Natural Machines, ―but with plastics there’s just one42 point, while with food it has different temperatures and consistencies (粘稠度). Also, 43works a little bit against us, as fo od doesn’t hold the shape as well as plastic.‖At the Web Summit technology conference in Dublin, the Barcelona-based startup is showing off the machine, which it says is the only one of its kind capable of printing a wide range of dishes.―In fact, this is a mini food manufacturing plant 44 down to the size of an oven,‖ Kucsma said, pointing out that at least in the initial stage the printer will be 45 mostly at professional kitchen users, with a consumer version to follow.In principle, the Foodini sounds like the final 46 aid: press a button to print your food. But Natural Machines is quick to point out that it’s designed to take care only of the difficult and 47parts of food preparation that discourage people from cooking at home, and that it promotes healthy eating by requiring fresh ingredients prepared before printing.Nevertheless, the company is working with major food manufacturers to create pre-packaged plastic capsules that can just be loaded into the machine to make food, even though they assure these will be free of preservatives, with a shelf life 48 to five days.The printing process is slow, but faster than regular 3D printing. Other than being capable of creating complex designs, the Foodini can be useful for recipes that require accuracy and skillfulness, like homemade pizza or filled pasta.Currently, the device only prints the food, which must be then cooked as usual. But a(n) 49model will also cook the preparation and produce it ready to eat.The idea also comes with a social 50 too. ―There’s a touchscreen on the front that connects to a recipe site in the cloud, so it’s an internet-of-things, connected kitchen appliance,‖ said Kucsma. Users will also be able to control the device remotely using a smartphone, and share their recipes with the community.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.As unemployment rates shrink, individual industries and job markets are heating up. According to the most recent numbers released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in their biannual Occupational Outlook Handbook and Career Guide to Industries, the total number of Americans 51 will increase by 10.1 percent by 2018.While many jobs have opportunities for promotion, the following three 52 for unique reasons.IT SecurityAccording to the U.S. Department of Labor, computer-related 53 are on the rise. From 2012 to 2022, the number of computer systems analysts in the country is expected to increase by 25 percent, while computer support specialists will see demand increase by as much as 17 percent. These are clear indicators of the nation’s 54 focus on IT and cyber (网络的) security.However, it may be IT security specialists that see the biggest growth. As cyber 55 increases and computers become increasingly capable of storing more data, the emphasis on cyber security will become even more 56 . According to Antho ny Sequeira of CBT Nuggets, a reputable IT training resource, ―As we store more and more information in the cloud, the perceived (感知到的) gain and harm that can be done to individuals is greater and greater.‖In 2013, the average IT security analyst made approximately $88,590 – with the 57 10 percent taking home as much as $138,780. Even the lower end is well above the national average, with the 58 starting salary somewhere around $50,430.Biomedical EngineeringIf you’re looking at the Occupational Outlook Handbook and Career Guide to Industries, the occupation with t h e h i g h e s t e x p e c t e d g r o w t h r a t e f r o m2008t o2018i s b i o m e d i c a l e n g i n e e r i n g.59 , there were only 16,000 biomedical engineers in 2008. A healthy 27,520 are expected to hold the title by 2018. That’s a 10-year growth rate of 72 percent.But why is this industry growing so 60 ? It’s likely due in part to the aging population and an increased focus on 61 issues. Naturally, health professionals and the general public will 62 to demand better and more superior medical equipment and devices for better healthcare. In 2008, the average annual salary for a biomedical engineer was $77,400. The current mid-career annual salary is somewhere around $97,800.AudiologyFor those who want to work directly with people but prefer low-pressure environments, audiology is an 63 career. ―If you don’t like 64 but still want a career with good prospects and a decent salary, consider becoming an audiologist,‖ writes Alan Farnham of ABC News.A udiologists are professionals who treat patients with hearing needs. You’re now required to hold a clinical doctoral degree to be a qualified audiologist, but the 65 are worth it. Now an a udiologist’s average annual salary is $63,579.51. A. dismissed B. employed C. promoted D. demanded52. A. drop in B. keep up C. take on D. stand out53. A. salaries B. players C. careers D. games54. A. enhanced B. shifted C. continued D. limited55. A. safety B. communication C. relationship D. crime56. A. impossible B. important C. reliable D. convenient57. A. last B. top C. remaining D. usual58. A. typical B. special C. dramatic D. appropriate59. A. Instead B. Besides C. Nevertheless D. Meanwhile60. A. steadily B. slightly C. differently D. rapidly61. A. health B. security C. life D. development62. A. fail B. pretend C. continue D. plan63. A. ideal B. independent C. interesting D. unusual64. A. restriction B. promotion C. excitement D. stress65. A. patients B. rewards C. hospitals D. pleasuresSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）A cannon(大炮) sounded as Jonny Fry took off on his horse through the streets of St. Joseph, Missouri. Crowds lined the streets, cheering and waving. Fry rode west for 90 miles at full speed. He then passed a leather bag full of letters to another rider. Eventually a chain of riders carried the letters across nearly 2,000 miles of wilderness, and the Pony Express was born.Between California and the rest of the U.S. lay a vast wilderness. Mail service was slow and often delayed. As war among the states seemed likely, people wanted news more quickly.In December 1859, William Russell, owner of a transport company, decided to meet that need. He and partners William Waddell and Alexander Majors worked constantly for months. They selected a route from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California. Then they purchased 400 horses, hired workers and set up relay stations (驿站) every 10 to 15 miles. Riders would change horses at these stations, and every 90 to 120 miles a new rider would take over.Shortly before Jonny Fry set out, another Pony Express rider set off from Sacramento for St. Joseph. These first deliveries reached their destinations in close to the 10 days Russell had promised.But the route was far from safe. On April 18, 1860, a rider’s horse stumbled (绊倒) and fell on the rider, killing him. Riders faced rivers, mountains, extreme temperatures—and very unfriendly natives. In May 1860, tensions between the settlers and Native Americans turned into fighting. Native Americans attacked several Pony Express stations, forcing some of them to close temporarily.Despite the risks, the Pony Express lost only one delivery during its one and a half years in operation. And when Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the Pony Express carried the news to California in only five days. It also spread news of the beginning of America’s Civil War.The Pony Express service ended in October 1861 after a telegraph line across the U.S. was completed. Yet the riders’ courage and accomplishments still hold a place in legend (传奇).66. The passage is mainly about the _____ of the Pony Express.A. functionB. influenceC. historyD. operation67. To _____,William Russell decided to set up the Pony Express.A. shorten the time of sending mailB. deliver mail farther and more safelyC. meet people’s different needsD. help people keep in contact in war68. What might Russell have promised about the first deliveries?A. To make the destinations closer.B. To make the deliveries within 10 days.C. To ensure the deliveries with two riders.D. To complete the deliveries before the war.69. What can be learned from the passage?A. The Pony Express had an insignificant position in the development of mail service.B. The fighting between the settlers and Native Americans ended the Pony Express.C. The Pony Express became successful as a result of the dangers on the route.D. The Pony Express not only delivered mail but spread news as well.（B）The following are some of the comments on Alberto Hernandez’s latest blog.70. In Marianne’s opinion, her boss is _____.A. a fantastic and helpful personB. trying to restrict their behaviorC. an irresponsible personD. trying to know them better71. How does Marcel most probably feel in his company?A. Thrilled.B. Proud.C. Disrespected.D. Unsuccessful.72. From the comments we can conclude that _____ must be an employer.A. AlbertoB. MarianneC. MarcelD. Robert73. What might be the topic of Alberto Hernandez’s latest blog?A. Workplace privacy.B. Management skills.C. Employment status.D. Information sources.（C）Thanks to smartphones, telling your partner ―I love you‖ has never been easier. And, according to some new research, it’s probably making your relationship stronger, too.There’s no denying technology’s impact on modern relationships, just as there’s no denying technology’s impact on modern, well, everything. Websites and apps such as , OkCupid and Tinder have changed the way Americans meet and date. A 2013 study from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that more than one-third of all U.S. marriages now begin through online dating, which has grown into a $2 billion-a-year industry, according to IBISWorld. And, of course, they’ve changed how we communicate. Facebook, Twitter, iMessage, WhatsApp, Snapchat and Instagram have replaced the Phone.For tech-savvy couples, the communication possibilities today are seemingly endless. Texting apps allow partners to communicate throughout the day regardless of where they are. And while there are some dangers that accompany regular texting with your partner, couples that exchange affectionate texts can actually enhance their relationships. A new report from the Pew Research Centre shows that 21 percent of people in committed relationships say they felt closer to their spouse or partner because of exchanges they had either online or via text message.―People will text no matter what—it’s too convenient,‖ says Lori Schade, Ph.D., a licensed marriage and family therapist in Salk Lake City, Utah. ―But if they use text messages purposefully to put money in the relationship bank, so to speak, by being positive, they might be developing resilience(韧性) to weather future storms.‖Meanwhile, several apps that are built specially for couples have begun appearing in app stores everywhere. Couple, an app that allows couples to communicate in their own, private channel, has been downloaded nearly 2.5 million times. The app lets you and your partner share messages and videos, build a private shared timeline recording your relationship, share to-do lists and even send ―ThumbKisses‖ to one another.Some dating sites are figuring out ways to stay involved in co uples’ lives beyond the meeting period. HowAboutWe, which likes to call itself ―The Online Dating Sites‖, has a separate service for couples that offers pre-planned dates ranging from tickets to a Broadway show, to custom peanut butter sandwiches, to a robot-building workshop. The company launched a new couples app called ―You & Me‖, which allows partners to cooperate on playlists, share photos and exchange private messages.So while there’s no substitution for actual face time in relationship, FaceTime is looking more and more like a good alternative to fill in the gaps.74. ―Tech-savvy couples‖ in Paragraph 3 may refer to couples who _____.A. can save technologyB. have a good command of technologyC. communicate endlesslyD. work in the field of information technology75. In Lori Schade’s opinion, texting can _____.A. enable people to put money in the bankB. prevent partners being caught in stormsC. help people enhance their relationshipsD. expose people to more dangers76. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. actual face time is more important than online face timeB. actual face time will eventually give way to online face timeC. online face time makes relationships stronger than actual face timeD. online face time can make up for the disadvantages of actual face time77. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Modern technology: Bringing people closerB. Modern technology: Recording relationshipsC. Modern technology: Changing everyday lifeD. Modern technology: Making communication easierSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.A public elementary school in New York City has stopped giving its students homework.Public School 116 (P.S. 116) Principal Jane Hsu wrote a letter to parents last month detailing the decision, explaining that after more than a year of analyzing studies, the school had concluded that students’ a fter-school time would be better spent on activities like reading at their own pace and playing rather than working on class assignments.Hsu’s letter says that many studies indicate that there is no connection between homework and academic success. Indeed, there are some studies that show that the link between homework and success is doubtful at the primary school level.A 1989 study on homework by Harris Cooper, a social psychologist who researches education, found that doing homework led students to perform better in school as they grew older. In later grades, students who did homework performed increasingly better than students who did not. In 2006, Cooper published a study that analyzed 15 years’ worth of data on the effectiveness of homework. He found that homework had a more positive impact on students as they aged, and identified stronger link between homework and achievement for students in grades seven through twelve than for students in kindergarten through sixth grade.A 2012 study from the Indiana University School of Education on 10th-graders found little link between time spent on homework and better course grades, although it did find a positive link between homework time and standardized test performance.Some parents of P.S. 116 students are not happy with the decision to eliminate homework.―I think they should have homework—some of it is about discipline. I want my daughter to have fun, but I also want her to be working towards a goal,‖ Daniel Tasman, the father of a second-grader at the school, told DNAinfo.―You have to do homework in order to gain; you have to do homework because they may not be able to comprehend everything in school,‖ Sharon Blake, a grandmother of a P.S. 116 student, told ABC news.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. The passage is about a New York elementary school’s decision to _____.79. What did P.S. 116 do before it came to the decision at last?80. The studies in 1989 and in 2006 both found out that there was _____ when students were younger.81. Some parents of P.S. 116 students are against its decision because they hold that homework can _____.第Ⅱ卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你是否看过那篇有关幸福元素的文章？(element)2. 是我的志愿者经历让我被这所大学录取了。

2016年上海市崇明县高考语文一模试卷(含详解与写作范文)

2016年上海市崇明县高考语文一模试卷一、阅读（80分）1．（17分）阅读下文，完成下列各题。

伊卡洛斯的翅膀①伊卡洛斯是希腊神话中代达罗斯的儿子，被克里特岛的国王米诺斯关在他父亲建造的巧妙迷宫里。

为逃出迷宫，代达罗斯用羽毛和蜜蜡为伊卡洛斯制造了一双翅膀。

飞出迷宫时，代达罗斯嘱咐伊卡洛斯，不可飞得太低，因为翅膀碰到海水会湿透；也不可飞得太高，因为太阳的热量会把蜡融化。

父亲出于谨慎的教诲没能阻止年轻人冒险，伊卡洛斯往高处飞去，太阳融化了蜜蜡，他从空中栽了下来。

②在《论古人的智慧》里，弗兰西斯〃培根用这则寓言说明道德领域中间道路的必要性：“美德之路不偏不倚落在过分与不及之间。

伊卡洛斯年轻气盛，自然而然会成为过分那一端的牺牲品。

”寓言的妙处是可以反复解说，比如伊卡洛斯的翅膀，就可以非常恰当地用来譬喻文学中的想象力﹣﹣优秀的写作者必须把想象控制在现实和无稽之间。

③马尔克斯讲过自己写《百年孤独》时的一个困难﹣﹣他虽然已经知道俏姑娘雷梅黛丝必将飞上天空，却不知怎么让她起飞。

直到有一天，“一个来我们家洗衣服的高大漂亮的黑女人在绳子上晾床单，怎么也晾不成，床单让风给刮跑了。

当时，我茅塞顿开。

‘有了。

’我想。

美人儿雷梅黛丝有了床单就可以飞上天空了。

”在这种情况下，床单便是现实提供的一个因素。

④二十年前，余华就在《强劲的想象产生事实》里提到过马尔克斯这个故事，并表达了自己对此的看法：“想象应该有着现实的依据，或者说想象应该产生事实，否则就只是臆造和谎言。

”想象力必须通过现实的检验，绾合想象和现实的本领，余华称之为洞察力。

⑤文学中的现实，如纳博科夫所说，“包含某些超越视力幻觉和实验室试管的东西。

它里面有多重因素：有诗歌，崇高的情感，精力与努力，同情，骄傲，激情”，是“将许许多多个体现实混合后的一份标本”，仿佛日常现实的某种全息图象。

文学现实的显现，凭靠的是写作者的洞察力，而不是，或主要不是对日常现实的记述或还原能力。

两辆卡车公路相撞，一个人从二十多层的高楼跳下，这是日常现实。

上海市崇明县2016届高三第一次高考模拟考试数学试卷

上海市崇明县2016届高三一模数学试卷2015.12一. 填空题（本大题共14题，每题4分，共56分）1. 函数sin 2()1cos x f x x=-的最小正周期是；2. 若集合{||1|2}A x x =-<，2{|0}4x B x x -=<+，则A B = ； 3. 已知()(1)z a i i =-+(,a R ∈i 为虚数单位)，若复数z 在复平面内对应的点在实轴上，则a = ；4. 已知1cos 4α=，且3(,2)2παπ∈，则cos()2πα+= ； 5. 若log 21a b =-，则a b +的最小值为；6. 10()x a +的展开式中，7x 的系数为15，则a = ；（用数字填写答案） 7. 已知圆锥的母线长为5cm ，侧面积为215cm π，则此圆锥的体积是 3cm ； 8. 已知()f x 、()g x 分别是定义在R 上的偶函数和奇函数，且()()2x f x g x x -=+，则(1)(1)f g += ；9. 在上海高考改革方案中，要求每位高中生必须在理科学科：物理、化学、生物；文科学科：政治、历史、地理这6门学科中选择3门学科参加等级考试；小王同学对理科学科比较感兴趣，决定至少选择两门理科学科，那么小王同学的选科方案有种；（用数字填写） 10. 有一列球体，半径组成以1为首项，12为公比的等比数列，体积分别记为12,,...,,...n V V V ，则12lim(...)n n V V V →∞+++= ；11. △ABC 中，4AB =，BC =4CBA π∠=，若双曲线Γ以AB 为实轴，且过点C ，则Γ的焦距为；12. 在矩形ABCD 中，2AB =，1AD =，边DC 上（包含点D 、C ）的动点P 与CB 延长线上（包含点B ）的动点Q 满足||||DP BQ = ，则PA PQ ⋅的取值范围是；13. 已知数列{}n a 的各项均为正整数，对于1,2,3,...n =，有135,,2n n n n n k a a a a a ++⎧⎪=⎨⎪⎩为奇数为偶数，其中k 为使1n a +为奇数的正整数；若存在*m N ∈，当n m >且n a 为奇数时，n a 恒为常数p ，则p 的值为；14. 设函数()y f x =的定义域为D ，如果存在非零常数T ，对于任意x D ∈，都有()f x T +()T f x =⋅，则称函数()y f x =是“似周期函数”，非零常数T 为函数()y f x =的“似周期”；现有下面四个关于“似周期函数”的命题：① 如果“似周期函数”()y f x =的“似周期”为1-，那么它是周期为2的周期函数； ② 函数()f x x =是“似周期函数”； ③ 函数()2x f x -=是“似周期函数”；④ 如果函数()cos f x x ω=是“似周期函数”，那么“k ωπ=，k Z ∈”；其中是真命题的序号是；（写出所有满足条件的命题序号）二. 选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）15. “2a <”是“实系数一元二次方程210x ax ++=有虚根”的（） A. 必要不充分条件 B. 充分不必要条件 C. 充要条件 D. 既不充分也不必要条件 16. 要得到函数sin(2)3y x π=+的图像，只需将函数sin 2y x =的图像（）A. 向左平移3π个单位 B. 向左平移6π个单位 C. 向右平移3π个单位 D. 向右平移6π个单位17. 汽车的“燃油效率”是指汽车每消耗1升汽油行驶的里程，下图描述了甲、乙、丙三辆汽车在不同速度下的燃油效率情况，下列叙述中正确的是（） A. 消耗1升汽油，乙车最多可行驶5千米B. 以相同速度行驶相同路程，三辆车中，甲车消耗汽油最多C. 甲车以80千米/小时的速度行驶1小时，消耗10升汽油D. 某城市机动车最高限速80千米/小时，相同条件下，在该市用丙车比用乙车更省油18. 若,a b 是函数2()f x x px q =-+(0,0)p q >>的两个不同的零点，且,,2a b -这三个数排序后成等差数列，也可适当排序后成等比数列，则p q +的值等于（） A. 1 B. 4 C. 5 D. 9三. 解答题（本大题共5题，共12+14+14+16+18=74分）19. 如图，四棱锥S ABCD -中，底面ABCD 为正方形，SA ⊥平面ABCD ，3AB =，4SA =；（1）求异面直线SC 与AD 所成角；（2）求点B 到平面SCD 的距离；20. 如图，旅客从某旅游区的景点A 处下山至C 处有两种路径；一种是从A 沿直线步行到C ，另一种从A 沿索道乘缆车到B ，然后从B 沿直线步行到C ；现有甲、乙两位游客从A处下山，甲沿AC 匀速步行，速度为50米/分钟，在甲出发2分钟后，乙从A 乘缆车到B ，在B 处停留1分钟后，再从B 匀速步行到C ；假设缆车匀速直线运动的速度为130米/分钟，山路AC 长1260米，经测量，12cos 13A =，3cos 5C =；（1）求索道AB 的长；（2）问乙出发多少分钟后，乙在缆车上与甲的距离最短？21. 已知△ABC 的顶点,A B 在椭圆2234x y +=上，C 在直线:2l y x =+上，且AB ∥l ；（1）当AB 边通过坐标原点O 时，求AB 的长及△ABC 的面积；（2）当90ABC ︒∠=，且斜边AC 的长最大时，求AB 所在直线的方程；22. 已知函数()||f x x x a b =-+，x R ∈；（1）当0b =时，判断()f x 的奇偶性，并说明理由；（2）当1a =，1b =时，若5(2)4xf =，求x 的值；（3）若10b -≤<，且对任意[0,1]x ∈不等式()0f x <恒成立，求实数a 的取值范围；23. 设m 个正数12,,...,m a a a *(4,)m m N ≥∈依次围成一个圆圈；其中1231,,,...,,k k a a a a a - *(,)k m k N <∈是公差为d 的等差数列，而111,,,...,,m m k k a a a a a -+是公比为q 的等比数列；（1）若11a d ==，2q =，8k =，求数列12,,...,m a a a 的所有项的和m S ；（2）若13a d q ===，2015m <，求m 的最大值；（3）当2q =时是否存在正整数k ，满足121121...3(...k k k k m a a a a a a a -++-++++=+++)m a +？若存在，求出k 值；若不存在，请说明理由；。

2016年上海市崇明县高考生物一模试卷

2016年上海市崇明县高考生物一模试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题(本大题共16小题，共32.0分)1.下列不可能是微生物生殖方式的是（）A.孢子生殖B.出芽生殖C.分裂生殖D.营养生殖【答案】D【解析】解：A、孢子在温度、湿度等条件适宜的情况下能够萌发长出新的个体，这样的繁殖方式叫孢子生殖，微生物可进行孢子生殖，A错误．B、出芽生殖是指由细胞分裂产生子代，在一定部位长出与母体相似的芽体，即芽基，芽基并不立即脱离母体，而与母体相连，继续接受母体提供养分，直到个体可独立生活才脱离母体，如酵母菌可进行出牙生殖，B错误．C、细菌等可进行分裂生殖，C错误．D、植物用根、茎、叶等营养器官进行繁殖的方式叫做营养繁殖，微生物不能进行营养生殖，D正确．故选：D．无性生殖指的是没有两性生殖细胞的结合的生殖方式，常见的生殖方式有：扦插、嫁接、组织培养、营养生殖等．本题考查了生殖方式的种类，试题难度一般，无性生殖是植物常见的生殖方式，可与有性生殖对比理解．2.下列关于DNA、RNA和ATP的叙述正确的是（）A.DNA与ATP所含元素的种类不同B.RNA合成必需的原料之一是ATPC.t RNA的合成必须以m RNA为模板D.三者共同组分有腺嘌呤和磷酸基团【答案】D【解析】解：A、DNA与ATP所含元素的种类相同，都是C、H、O、N、P，A错误；B、RNA合成必需的原料是四种核糖核苷酸，而不是ATP，B错误；C、t RNA的合成必须以DNA的一条链为模板，C错误；D、DNA、RNA和ATP三者共同组分有腺嘌呤和磷酸基团，D正确．故选：D．1、DNA和RNA的异同：团，～代表高能磷酸键．本题考查DNA和RNA的异同、ATP的化学组成和特点，要求考生识记DNA和RNA的异同，能对两者进行比较；识记ATP的化学特点，能结合所学的知识准确判断各选项．3.原核生物都具有的结构是（）A.质膜和核膜B.线粒体和核膜C.质膜和核糖体D.线粒体和核糖体【答案】C【解析】解：A、原核生物都不具有核膜，A错误；B、原核生物都不具有线粒体和核膜，B错误；C、原核细胞生物都含有质膜（细胞膜）和核糖体，C正确；D、原核生物都不含线粒体，D错误．故选：C．真核细胞和原核细胞的比较：本题考查原核细胞和真核细胞的形态和结构的异同，要求考生识记原核细胞和真核细胞的形态和结构的异同，能列表比较两者，再根据题干要求做出准确的判断，属于考纲识记层次的考查．4.下列不能将获取的信息转化为神经冲动的是（）A.味细胞B.温度感受器C.鼓膜D.视细胞【答案】C【解析】解：A、味细胞是味觉感受器，能将获取的信息转化为神经冲动，A错误；B、温度感受器能将获取的信息转化为神经冲动，传至下丘脑体温调节中枢，B错误；C、鼓膜能将声波刺激转化为震动，不能转化为神经冲动，C正确；D、视细胞是视觉感受器，能将获取的信息转化为神经冲动，D错误．故选：C．视觉形成过程：光线→角膜→瞳孔→晶状体（折射光线）→玻璃体（固定眼球）→视网膜（形成物像）→视神经（传导视觉信息）→大脑视觉中枢（形成视觉）听觉形成过程：声源→耳廓（收集声波）→外耳道（使声波通过）→鼓膜（将声波转换成振动）→耳蜗（将振动转换成神经冲动）→听神经（传递冲动）→大脑听觉中枢（形解答此题的关键是掌握听觉和视觉的形成过程，明确感受器能将接受的刺激转换为神经冲动．5.下列物质代谢过程只在肝细胞内才能完成的是（）A.血糖→糖原B.胆固醇→胆汁酸C.脂肪酸→脂肪D.葡萄糖→丙酮酸【答案】B【解析】解：A、血糖→糖原可发生在肝细胞或肌细胞，A错误；B、胆汁是由肝脏合成的，故胆固醇→胆汁酸发生在肝细胞内，B正确；C、脂肪酸→脂肪可发生在多种细胞内，C错误；D、葡萄糖→丙酮酸可发生在各种活细胞内，D错误．故选：B．脂质的种类与作用：脂肪：储能、维持体温；磷脂：构成膜（细胞膜、液泡膜、线粒体膜等）结构的重要成分；固醇：维持新陈代谢和生殖起重要调节作用，分为胆固醇、性激素和维生素D．本题知识简单，考查脂质的种类及作用，只要考生识记相关知识点即可正确答题，属于考纲识记层次的考查．此类试题，需要考生掌握牢固的基础知识．6.下列属于人体免疫第二道防线的是（）A.胃酸的杀菌作用B.唾液中溶菌酶的杀菌作用C.巨噬细胞中溶酶体的消化作用D.致敏T细胞裂解抗原细胞【答案】C【解析】解：A、胃酸的杀菌作用属于第一道防线，A错误；B、唾液中溶菌酶的杀菌作用属于第一道防线，B错误；C、巨噬细胞中溶酶体的消化作用属于第二道防线，C正确；D、致敏T细胞裂解抗原细胞属于第三道防线，D错误．故选：C．人体免疫系统有三道防线：第一道防线是皮肤、黏膜及其分泌物；第二道防线是吞噬细胞、杀菌物质以及炎症反应；第三道防线是特异性免疫，包括体液免疫和细胞免疫．第一、二道防线称为非特异性免疫，非特异性免疫是人人生来就有，能代代遗传，也不针对某一特定病原体，而是对多种病原体起防御作用．特异性免疫是在非特异性免疫的基础上形成的，机体不断接受各种抗原性物质刺激而形成的，作用范围小，针对性强．本题考查免疫调节的相关知识，意在考查学生的识记能力和判断能力，运用所学知识综合分析问题和解决问题的能力．7.寒冷的冬季人从室内走到室外环境中将会出现的生理反应是（）A.耗氧量增加，体表血管收缩B.耗氧量减少，立毛肌放松C.耗氧量减少，心律变慢D.耗氧量增加，体温升高【答案】A解：A、进入寒冷环境中时，机体甲状腺激素和肾上腺素分泌增加，耗氧量增加来增加产热，同时体表血管收缩，减少散热，A正确；B、进入寒冷环境，一方面机体产热增加，耗氧量增加，另一方面体表血管收缩，减少热量的散失，减少散热，B错误；C、进入寒冷环境，机体耗氧量增加，C错误；D、进入寒冷环境，机体耗氧量增加，但是体温维持恒定，D错误；故选：A．1、体温调节是指：温度感受器接受体内、外环境温度的刺激→传入神经体温调节中枢→传出神经相应地引起内分泌腺、骨骼肌、皮肤血管和汗腺等组织活动的改变，从而调整机体的产热和散热过程，使体温保持在相对恒定的水平．2、寒冷环境→皮肤冷觉感受器→下丘脑体温调节中枢→增加产热（骨骼肌战栗、立毛肌收缩、甲状腺激素分泌增加），减少散热（毛细血管收缩、汗腺分泌减少）→体温维持相对恒定．3、炎热环境→皮肤温觉感受器→下丘脑体温调节中枢→增加散热（毛细血管舒张、汗腺分泌增加）→体温维持相对恒定．本题考查体温调节的相关知识，意在考查学生的识记能力和判断能力，运用所学知识综合分析问题和解决问题的能力．8.下列人体内的生理活动与蛋白质功能无关的是（）A.O2在血液中的运输B.O2进入线粒体C.甘油在肝细胞内转变为丙酮酸D.细胞识别【答案】B【解析】解：A、氧气在血液中运输，需要血红蛋白，体现了蛋白质的运输功能，A错误；B、氧气进入线粒体是自由扩散，与蛋白质无直接关系，B正确；C、甘油在肝细胞中转变成丙酮酸需要酶的催化作用，该酶的本质是蛋白质，C错误；D、细胞识别作用离不开糖蛋白，D错误．故选：B．蛋白质是生命活动的主要承担者，有的蛋白质是结构物质，有的蛋白质具有催化功能，有的蛋白质具有调节机体生命活动的功能，有的蛋白质具有免疫功能等．本题旨在考查学生对蛋白质功能多样性的理解和识记．9.小肠上皮细胞所处的细胞外液是指（）A.淋巴液B.组织液C.血浆D.小肠液【答案】B【解析】解：A、淋巴液是淋巴细胞所处的细胞外液，A错误；B、口腔上皮细胞周围的液体是组织液，B正确；C、血浆是血细胞所处的细胞外液，C错误；D、小肠液是分泌到消化道的液体，不属于细胞外液，D错误．故选：B绝大多数细胞所处的细胞外液为组织液，只有血细胞或淋巴细胞处于血浆或淋巴中，小肠上皮细胞周围的液体也为组织液．本题考查了细胞生活的具体的内环境，解答本题的关键是熟记一些特殊的细胞所处的内环境，其他细胞均处于组织液中．试题难度一般10.光刺激15分钟导致肾脏功能障碍的小鼠体内水分向细胞内液转移，引起细胞水肿，这种情况发生在神经细胞时，将会引起嗜睡、烦躁、昏迷等，其原因是（）A.神经细胞神经递质合成减少B.神经细胞内电解质浓度降低C.神经细胞质膜上递质受体减少D.神经细胞质膜上离子通道数量减少【答案】B【解析】解：小鼠体内的水分向细胞内液转移以后，引起细胞水肿，若发生在神经细胞，此时神经细胞内部电解质溶液浓度降低，引起兴奋传导受到影响，B正确；而神经元其他物质的合成和含量不变，ACD错误．故选：B．水盐调节过程：当吃食物过咸、饮水不足、失水过多时，细胞外液渗透压升高，一方面下丘脑把有关信息通过有关神经传到大脑皮层，使人体产生渴觉，通过主动饮水来降低细胞外液渗透压，另一方面下丘脑能够合成抗利尿激素，垂体后叶释放，作用于肾小管和集合管，促进水分的重吸收．本题通过考察X神经元对体内水分平衡的作用，主要考查水盐调节过程和相关的实验分析能力，意在考查考生的分析能力和理解所学知识要点，把握知识间内在联系的能力；能运用所学知识，对生物学问题作出准确的判断，难度适中．11.用蛋白酶去除大肠杆菌核糖体的蛋白质，处理后的核糖体仍可催化氨基酸的脱水缩合反应，由此可推测核糖体中能催化该反应的物质是（）A.蛋白酶B.RNA聚合酶C.RNAD.逆转录酶【答案】C【解析】解：核糖体由蛋白质和RNA组成，用蛋白酶去除大肠杆菌核糖体的蛋白质后，剩余部分为RNA，处理后的核糖体仍可催化氨基酸的脱水缩合反应，说明核糖体中能催化该反应的物质是RNA．故选：C．1、酶是由活细胞产生的具有催化活性的有机物，其中大部分是蛋白质、少量是RNA．2、①高效性：酶的催化效率大约是无机催化剂的107～1013倍．②专一性：每一种酶只能催化一种或者一类化学反应．③酶的作用条件较温和：在最适宜的温度和p H条件下，酶的活性最高；温度和p H偏高或偏低，酶的活性都会明显降低；在过酸、过碱或温度过高条件下酶会变性失活，而在低温条件下酶的活性降低，但不会失活．本题考查酶的化学本质及作用，意在考查学生分析问题和解决问题的能力，试题难度中等．12.下列关于酶工程的叙述正确的是（）A.加酶洗衣粉中通常含有纤维素酶和脂肪酶等B.尿糖试纸中含有葡萄糖水解酶和过氧化氢酶C.控制温度和PH值是酶的生产中保持酶活力的要素D.酶的固定化技术中所用的承载物易溶于水【答案】C【解析】解：A、加酶洗衣粉中常见的酶类：蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶，A错误；B、尿糖试纸是酶工程的产物，其中含有葡萄糖氧化酶和过氧化氢酶，B错误；C、酶的活性受温度和PH值等的影响，故控制温度和PH值是酶的生产中保持酶活力的要素，C正确；D、酶的固定化技术是指将酶固定在不溶于水的承载物上，或者使酶交联在一起，D错误．故选：C．本题考查了酶的分离、提纯以及固定等相关知识，意在考查考生的识记能力和理解所学知识要点，把握知识间内在联系，形成知识网络结构的能力；能运用所学知识，准确判断问题的能力．13.图为氨基酸和N a+进出肾小管上皮细胞的示意图．下列选项中正确的是（）A.①过程为协助扩散B.②过程需要消耗ATPC.③过程为主动运输D.N a+进出肾小管上皮细胞必须载体蛋白【答案】D【解析】解：A、管腔中氨基酸进入上皮细胞是低浓度→高浓度，需要载体、消耗能量，属于主动运输，A错误；B、管腔中N a+进入上皮细胞是高浓度→低浓度，需要载体、但不消耗能量，属于协助扩散，B错误；C、上皮细胞中氨基酸进入组织液是高浓度→低浓度，需要载体、但不消耗能量，属于协助扩散，C错误；D、N a+进出肾小管上皮细胞的方式有协助扩散和主动运输，所以都必须有载体蛋白协助，D正确．故选：D．自由扩散、协助扩散和主动运输的区别如下：本题考查物质跨膜运输的相关知识，意在考查学生的识图能力和判断能力，运用所学知识综合分析问题的能力．14.图表示细胞呼吸作用的过程，其中①②③代表有关生理过程发生的场所，甲、乙代表该过程中产生的中间产物．下列相关叙述正确的是（）A.①具有双层膜结构B.②中产生的ATP最多C.③中产生的[H]最多D.甲代表丙酮酸【答案】D【解析】解：A、①是细胞质基质，不具有膜结构，A错误；B、②中进行的是有氧呼吸的第二阶段，只能产生少量的ATP，B错误；C、有氧呼吸的第二阶段产生的[H]最多，所以②中产生的[H]最多，C错误；D、根据分析可知，甲代表丙酮酸，D正确．故选：D．根据题意和图示分析可知：图示为有氧呼吸过程，在细胞质基质中完成需氧呼吸第一阶段，将葡萄糖分解为丙酮酸、[H]，并产生少量ATP，所以①为细胞质基质，甲为丙酮酸；在线粒体基质中完成需氧呼吸第二阶段，将丙酮酸和水分解为CO2、[H]，并产生少量ATP，所以②为线粒体基质，乙为[H]；在线粒体内膜上完成需氧呼吸第三阶段，[H]与O2反应生成H2O，同时产生大量ATP，所以③为线粒体内膜．本题结合细胞呼吸作用的过程图解，考查细胞呼吸的相关知识，要求考生识记细胞有氧呼吸的具体过程、场所及产物，能准确判断图中各场所和物质的名称，再结合所学的知识准确判断各选项．15.图所示为某一人体中发生的生理过程，正常情况下对这一过程的描述错误的是（）A.该种细胞类型转换过程称为细胞分化B.该过程产生的各细胞中携带的基因相同C.该过程所有细胞中含量最多的化合物相同D.各种细胞生理功能不同与t RNA不同有关【答案】D【解析】解：A、细胞分化是指在个体发育中，由一个或一种细胞增殖产生的后代，在形态，结构和生理功能上发生稳定性差异的过程．因此该种细胞类型转换过程称为细胞分化，A 正确；B、细胞分化的实质是基因的选择性表达，遗传物质没有发生改变，因此该过程产生的各细胞中携带的基因相同，B正确；C、该过程所有细胞中含量最多的化合物都是水，C正确；D、各种细胞生理功能不同与m RNA不同有关，D错误．故选：D．关于“细胞分化”，考生可以从以下几方面把握：（1）细胞分化是指在个体发育中，由一个或一种细胞增殖产生的后代，在形态，结构和生理功能上发生稳定性差异的过程．（2）细胞分化的特点：普遍性、稳定性、不可逆性．（3）细胞分化的实质：基因的选择性表达．（4）细胞分化的结果：使细胞的种类增多，功能趋于专门化．本题结合图解，考查细胞分化的相关知识，要求考生识记细胞分化的概念、特点及意义，掌握细胞分化的实质，能结合所学的知识准确判断各选项．16.图中①②③表示当有神经冲动传到神经末梢时，神经递质从突触小泡内释放并作用于突触后膜的机制，下列叙述错误的是（）A.图中神经末梢一定是轴突末梢B.过程②中神经递质的释放需要能量C.过程③实现电信号向化学信号的转变D.突触传递的方向与突触小泡和受体相关【答案】C【解析】解：A、图中神经末梢是由一个神经元的轴突末端膨大形成的突触小体，A正确；B、神经递质释放的方式是胞吐，需要消耗能量，B正确；C、过程③实现化学信号向电信号的转变，C错误；D、兴奋在突触处的传递是单向的，这是因为神经递质只存在于突触小体的突触小泡中，只能由突触前膜释放，作用于突触后膜上的特异性受体，D正确．故选：C．1、突触包括突触前膜、突触间隙和突触后膜，突触前膜内含有突触小泡，突触后膜上含有神经递质的受体．2、当有神经冲动传到神经末梢时，突触小泡与前膜融合，使前膜释放神经递质，作用于后模，使突触后膜发生电位变化．本题考查神经元结构、突触结构的相关知识，意在考查学生的识图能力和判断能力，运用所学知识综合分析问题的能力．二、多选题(本大题共1小题，共2.0分)17.图是观察洋葱根尖分生组织细胞有丝分裂各时期的局部显微照片．下列叙述正确的是（）A.细胞②中每条染色体的着丝点排列在细胞板上B.细胞①中染色体被平均分配并正向细胞两极移动C.细胞①中DNA分子数是细胞②中的2倍D.在细胞周期中细胞③时期经历的时间最长【答案】BD【解析】解：A、细胞②处于有丝分裂中期，此时还没有形成细胞板，每条染色体的着丝点排列在赤道板上，A错误；B、细胞①中着丝点分裂，姐妹染色单体分离，分别移向细胞两极，处于有丝分裂后期，B正确；C、细胞①处于有丝分裂后期，细胞②处于有丝分裂中期，细胞①中DNA分子数和细胞②中的相等，C错误；D、细胞③处于有丝分裂间期，在细胞周期中间期经历的时间最长，D正确．故选：BD．分析题图：①细胞中着丝点分裂，染色体移向细胞两极，处于有丝分裂后期；②着丝点排布于细胞中央，处于有丝分裂中期；③具有核膜、核仁，处于有丝分裂间期．本题考查观察细胞有丝分裂实验，首先要求考生识记有丝分裂各时期细胞特点，能准确判断图中各细胞所处时期位；其次要求考生明确分生区细胞具有分裂能力，能观察到细胞有丝分裂．三、单选题(本大题共13小题，共26.0分)18.下列关于人体红细胞吸收葡萄糖供能过程中各产物出现的先后顺序正确的是（）①酒精②CO2③H2O④ATP⑤乳酸⑥H+⑦丙酮酸．A.⑥⑦⑤③B.④⑦②③C.④⑦②①D.⑥④⑦⑤【答案】D【解析】解：人体红细胞没有细胞核和多种细胞器，不能进行有氧呼吸产生CO2和H2O，只能进行无氧呼吸且产物是乳酸．无氧呼吸的第一阶段是葡萄糖分解成丙酮酸和[H]，合成少量ATP，第二阶段是丙酮酸和[H]，反应生成乳酸．因此人体红细胞吸收葡萄糖供能过程中各产物出现的先后顺序正确的是⑥H+④ATP⑦丙酮酸⑤乳酸．故选：D．无氧呼吸是指在无氧条件下通过酶的催化作用，细胞把糖类等有机物不彻底氧化分解，同时释放少量能量的过程．无氧呼吸的第一阶段和有氧呼吸的第一阶段相同，即葡萄糖分解成丙酮酸和[H]，释放少量能量．无氧呼吸的第二阶段丙酮酸和[H]反应生成酒精和CO2或乳酸．本题无氧呼吸的相关知识，主要考查学生的分析和理解能力．无氧呼吸发生场所：细胞质基质．反应条件：缺氧或无氧，几种酶的参与．物质变化：葡萄糖分解为二氧化碳和酒精，或者分解成乳酸（有机物不彻底分解）．能量去向：以活跃的化学能形式储存在ATP中，以热能形式散失．19.性状分离比的模拟实验中，如图准备了实验装置，棋子上标记的D、d代表基因．实验时需分别从甲、乙中各随机抓取一枚棋子，并记录字母．此操作模拟了（）①等位基因的分离②同源染色体的联会③雌雄配子的随机结合④非等位基因的自由组合．A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④【答案】A【解析】解：①由于甲、乙中都有D、d，所以分别从甲、乙中各随机抓取一枚棋子，只能获得D或d中的一个，说明等位基因的分离，正确；②同源染色体的联会是指在减数第一次分裂前期，同源染色体之间的配对，所以随机抓取一枚棋子没有体现同源染色体的联会，错误；③分别从甲、乙中各随机抓取一枚棋子，不同字母的随机结合，模拟生物在生殖过程中，雌雄配子的随机组合，正确；④实验中只有一对基因，不可能发生非等位基因的自由组合，错误．所以正确的有①③．故选：A．根据孟德尔对分离现象的解释，生物的性状是由遗传因子（基因）决定的，控制显性性状的基因为显性基因（用大写字母表示如：D），控制隐性性状的基因为隐性基因（用小写字母表示如：d），而且基因成对存在．遗传因子组成相同的个体为纯合子，不同的为杂合子．生物形成生殖细胞（配子）时成对的基因分离，分别进入不同的配子中．当杂合子自交时，雌雄配子随机结合，后代出现性状分离，性状分离比为显性：隐性=3：1．用两个小桶分别代表雌雄生殖器官，两小桶内的彩球分别代表雌雄配子，用不同彩球的随机结合，模拟生物在生殖过程中，雌雄配子的随机组合．本题考查性状分离比的模拟实验，首先要求考生掌握基因分离定律的实质，明确实验中所用的小桶、彩球和彩球的随机结合所代表的含义；其次要求考生掌握该实验的操作过中需要注意的细节，明确甲、乙小桶中摸出的D、d数量基本相等所表示的含义，属于考纲理解层次的考查．20.在“观察植物细胞的质壁分离和复原”实验中，对紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮临时装片进行了三次观察（如图所示）．下列有关叙述错误的是（）A.第一次观察时容易看到紫色大液泡和较大的无色细胞质基质区域B.相同视野下第二次观察时看到的紫色大液泡最小C.前后两次吸水纸引流的液体分别是蔗糖溶液和清水D.第一次观察步骤是为了便于将实验前和实验中的现象变化作对比【答案】A【解析】解：A、第一次观察时容易看到紫色大液泡，不能看到无色细胞质基质区域，A错误；B、第二次观察为紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞在蔗糖溶液中的质壁分离状态，故相同视野下第二次观察时看到的紫色大液泡最小，B正确；C、前后两次吸水纸引流的液体分别是蔗糖溶液和清水，C正确；D、第一次观察步骤是为了便于将实验前和实验中的现象变化作对比，D正确．故选：A．据图可知，第一次观察为紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞在蒸馏水中的正常状态，第二次观察为紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞在蔗糖溶液中的质壁分离状态，第三次观察为紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞在蒸馏水中的质壁分离复原状态．成熟的植物细胞构成渗透系统，可发生渗透作用．质壁分离的原因：外因：外界溶液浓度＞细胞液浓度；内因：原生质层相当于一层半透膜，细胞壁的伸缩性小于原生质层．本题考查质壁分离和复原的相关知识，要求学生能独立完成“生物知识内容表”所列的生物实验，包括理解实验目的、原理、方法和操作步骤，意在考查学生识记能力和判断能力，运用所学知识综合分析问题的能力．21.为了探究中国水仙只开花不结实（高度不育）的原因，有研究者开展了染色体核型的分析实验，核型分析结果如图所示．下列有关分析错误的是（）A.中国水仙是三倍体B.要使观察到的染色体形态清晰可用秋水仙素染色C.在中国水仙的花药中一般找不到正常的生殖细胞D.高度不育根本原因是减数分裂时同源染色体联会紊乱【答案】B【解析】解：A、图示染色体核型的分析，水仙体细胞中含有3个染色体组，因此中国水仙为三倍体，A正确；B、要使观察的染色体形态清晰，需要选择处于有丝分裂中期的细胞观察，因为此时染色体分散良好、染色体形态清晰，B错误；C、根据中国水仙是三倍体，减数分裂时同源染色体联会紊乱，不能产生正常的生殖细胞，不能结实，C正确；D、根据中国水仙是三倍体，减数分裂时同源染色体联会紊乱，不能产生正常的生殖细胞，不能结实，D正确．故选：B．由图染色体核型分析结果，得出推论：中国水仙有3个染色体组，故只开花不结实的原因是中国水仙是三倍体，减数分裂时同源染色体联会紊乱，不能产生正常生殖细胞．本题考查了观察有丝分裂的取材问题、观察减数分裂的取材问题，意在考查考生对于相关实验的原理、步骤、取材、试剂的使用等问题的识记和理解．22.在应用农杆菌侵染植物叶片获得转基因植株的常规实验步骤中，不需要的是（）A.用携带目的基因的农杆菌侵染植物细胞B.用适当比例的生长素和细胞分裂素诱导愈伤组织生芽C.用聚乙二醇诱导转基因细胞的原生质体融合D.用选择培养基筛选导入目的基因的细胞【答案】。

上海市崇明县2016学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语

崇明县2016学年第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）I。

Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。

At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said。

The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. A postwoman。

B。

A teacher。

C。

A journalist. D。

A librarian.2.A。

On a plane. B。

On a train。

C。

At a restaurant. D. At a travel agency.3.A。

5 minutes。

B. 10 minutes。

C。

15 minutes. D.20 minutes。

4. A. He spends too much money。

B。

He should watch more TV。

C. He actually likes watching TV. D。

He bought an expensive watch.5。

A. The woman should get a new watch。

2016~2017学年上海市崇明区英语高考一模卷(含听力、答案)

崇明县2016学年第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语(考试时间120分钟，满分140分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. A postwoman. B. A teacher. C. A journalist. D. A librarian.2.A. On a plane. B. On a train. C. At a restaurant. D. At a travel agency.3.A. 5 minutes. B. 10 minutes. C. 15 minutes. D. 20 minutes.4. A. He spends too much money. B. He should watch more TV.C. He actually likes watching TV.D. He bought an expensive watch.5. A. The woman should get a new watch. B. The woman needs to buy another battery.C. He knows what is wrong with the watch.D. The store can proba bly fix the woman’s watch.6. A. He should work in the summer school. B. He shouldn't go to New York in the summer.C.He may not want to do so.D. He may have difficulty in doing so.7. A. Spend more time on the course. B. Turn to the graduate assistant for help.C. Drop the course as soon as possible.D. Help the graduate assistant with the course.8.A. They should buy a lot of coffee. B . The supermarket isn’t going to be clo sed.C. Coffee is out of stock in the supermarket.D. They should wait for a better deal on coffee.9. A. The final exam. B. A law school. C. A reference letter. D. The department policy.10. A. He wasn't able to find a seat there. B. He had to wait a long time for a seat there.C. The seats there are uncomfortable.D. It provides reading materials for customers.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. 2. B. 18. C. About 125. D. Over 1,300.12. A. Helping good universities to enroll more students.B. Getting more financial support from foreign students.C. Encouraging more foreign students to travel around the UK.D. Attracting more excellent foreign students to work in Britain.13. A. He voted for Donald Trump. B. He did not vote in the presidential election.C. He made a political speech in the concert.D. He sang for only 40 minutes in the concert.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They can play many kinds of games with snow.B. They can see the beautiful scenery of falling snow.C. They can have several days off from school if it snows.D. They can enjoy steaming hot chocolate on a snowy day.15. The building of snowmen for children. B. The removal of snow off their driveway.C. The spread of salt mixed with sand.D. The low temperature that snow brings.16. A. Rare and exciting. B. Dangerous and challenging.C. Unusual but disappointing.D. Troublesome but interesting.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It encourages wise consumption. B. It is impossible to be stolen.C. It makes it easier to pay off debt.D. It can be used in an emergency.18. A. It makes people feel safer. B. It prevents people from overspending.C. It enables people to get things cheaper.D. It helps people know more about money.19. A. Doing some shopping. B. Doing some reading.C. Opening an account.D. Taking a lesson.20. A. Shop owners prefer cash to credit cards.B. The woman pays part of his bill each month.C. Most people d on’t choose to use credit cardsD. The man wasn’t persuaded by the woman at last.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Suspended Coffee How about buying a cup of coffee for someone you’ll never meet?The idea, begun in Naples, Italy, and called “Suspended Coffee”一 i.e., a customer pays for a coffee and “banks ”it for someone (21) ____ (fortunate) —has become an international internet sensation (轰动) with coffee shops in Europe and North America (22) __________ (participate) in the movement. The Facebook page alone has more than 28,000 “likes”.The tradition of “suspended coffee” is a long -standing tradition in Italy (23) _____ increased in popularity after the Second World War. Recently the practice was starting to take hold in other European countries (24) ____________ (hit) hard economically.Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, has decided to join the effort. “It’s a fantastic initiative (25) ___ we decided to help out. We had been doing it pretty much anyway, just not under a banner. During the winter, we were giving away coffee or soup to the homeless,” said manager Mike Pattison, “Staff members are always close to the coffeehouse’ front door, and (26) _________ they see someone walking by who looks like they want, a coffee but can’t afford it, they approach that person. If the offer (27) _______ (acce pt), they provide the coffee.”However, not everyone supports the idea.In a posting on the website, Consumerist, columnist Laura Northrup raises (28) ______ number of objections, including that coffee isn’t nutritious food for people who are hungry a nd (29) ________ the action could result in “greedy people” aking advantage of others’ kindness. He says people (30) ___ consider other ways to help.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Smart Phone Application Tracks Mental HealthMilitary service is obviously rough on a service member’s mental health. According to some 31____, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four monthsof returning home after leaving the army.The military is spending more money than ever to 32____mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after leaving the army. The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to 33____ emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening atA. availableB. psychologicalC. timelyD. estimatesE. distractF. express G . inaccurate H. trend I. therapist J. address K. recallwork or in the home. The smart pho ne app isn’t supposed to be a pocket 34 ____, though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and 35 ____record of a service member’s mental health.Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will produce much more accurate results on the36 ____conditions of service members who have returned home. “Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient 37____ when trying to gather informatio n about symptoms over the previous weeks or months,” Bosmajian said. “Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be 38____. The best record of an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post-traumatic (受伤后的）stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a(n) 39____ that can be observed by physicians and therapists.The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became 40____ on the Android Market a year ago. Users of iPhones can also have access to the app some time next year.III. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Directions MatterJer lag(时差感）may be the worst part of travelling, and it hits many people harder travelling east than west. Why they feel this way is 41________, but scientists recently developed a new model that provides an explanation for the mystery and insights on recovering from jet lag.The model imitates the way neuronal oscillator cells (神经振子细胞）42________ crossing timezones. These cells in our brains 43 ________our biological docks. However，the cells don’t quite operate on a perfect 24-hour schedule. Instead, their activity follows a 44________ that lasts slightly longer than that, about 24.5 hours. According to Michelle Girvan, an associate professor of physics at the University of Maryland and a co-author of the study, that means it’s 45________ for us to extend the length of a day—for example, by flying west across time zones—than to shorten the day, by flying east.The scientists found that for 46________ travel, a person who crossed three time zones would fully47________in a little less than four days. For six time zones, recovery would take about six days. For nine time zones, the recovery would take just less than eight days.However, when a person travels eastward, the recovery time doesn’t match up as 48________. When a person crosses three time zones going east, it takes a little more than four days to recover. For six time zones, the recovery time 49________ to more than eight days. And for nine time zones, the recovery period is more than 12 days.Girvan noted that not everyone has a biological clock of exactly 24.5 hours. 50________ , it variesfrom person to person. The other factor to consider is 51________ cues such as sunlight, Girvan added. How a person reacts to these cues can also 52________how quickly he or she will adjust to a new time zone.The scientists hope that their new model can be used in the future to figure out the best ways to 53________ jet lag. For example, if you will be traveling six time zones eastward, start by setting your clock ahead an hour or two several days before you leave. And when you arrive in a new time zone, make sure that the outside cues you are exposed to 54 ________the new time zone. That means that if it’s daytime in the new time zone, expose yourself to sunlight. And if it’s nighttime, avoid artificial 55________, including those from smartphones and computers, to help your biological clock adjust.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A) A woman standing over six feet tall and weighing about 200 pounds is bound to makean impression. But in Mary Fields’ case, these features were outmatched by a heart of goldthat made her legendary (传奇的).Born into slavery in Tennessee in 1832 or 1833, Mary had nothing, not even a date ofbirth. However, in her early years, she found something of truly lasting value —a friendnamed Dolly. In addition to friendship, Dolly also may have taught Mary to read and write,an invaluable advantage for slaves. At the end of America’s Civil War, Mary finally received her freedom and made her own way out into the world.Mary was employed on a steamboat as a maid when she received word from Dolly, now a nun （修女）in Ohio called M other Amadeus. Mary arrived in Ohio in 1878 and worked at Amadeus’ girls’ school, managing the kitchen and garden. She became known as a gun-carrying, cigar-smoking woman, but also as an example of kindness and reliability. After a few years, though, Amadeus was sent to another school out West in Montana, becoming the first black woman to settle in central Montana.When Mary was in her 50s, a sick Mother Amadeus called her West. So Mary made her way to the small town of Cascade, Montana, to nurse Amadeus to health. She did this and more, running supplies and visitors to St. Peter’s Mission where Amadeus lived. Once when her wagon (四轮马车) overturned, she guarded the delivery from wolves through the night.But Mary's rough edges caused the local bishop (主教) to prohibit her from working at the mission. Mother Amadeus then set her up as the first African-American female employee of the U.S. Postal Service. Though in her41. A. incredible B. apparent C. surprising D. unclear 42. A. cope withB. account forC. respond toD. result in 43. A. kickB. watchC. stopD. regulate 44. A. cycleB. routineC. processD. pattern 45. A. saferB. easierC. more dangerousD. more difficult 46. A. eastwardB. southwardC. westwardD. northward 47. A. adjustB. understandC. prepareD.change 48. A. relativelyB. nicelyC. classicallyD. awkwardly 49. A. reducesB. jumpsC. contributesD. leads 50. A. MoreoverB. OtherwiseC. HoweverD. Rather 51. A. externalB. verbalC. socialD. chemical 52. A. promoteB. emphasizeC. impactD. orient 53. A. formB. endureC. shelterD. beat 54. A. specifyB. matchC. shiftD. destroy 55. A. lights B. barriers C. flavours D. sounds60s, Mary was such a dependable mail carrier that she earned the name “tagecoach” Mary. She bec ame a beloved figure in Cascade. She was the only woman allowed in the saloon(酒馆), was the baseball team’s biggest fan and was given free meals in the town hotel.Nearly 70, Mary quit delivering the mail but remained in Cascade. The town’s school closed to celebrate her unknown birthday twice a year. When she passed away in 1914, a simple cross was placed to mark her grave and her legend in the Wild West.56. What about Mary Fields impressed people most?A. Her tall and fat figure.B. Her reputation as an educated slave.C. Her friendliness and responsibility.D. Her habit of carrying a gun and smoking.57. Which of the following shows Mary’s life experience in the order of tim e?①Mary began to deliver mail in Cascade.②Mary worked in a school in Montana.③Mary was taught to read and write.④Mary took care of sick Amadeus.⑤Mary worked on a steamed boat.A.⑤①③②④B•⑤④②①③C.②④⑤③①D.③⑤②④①58. Mary became a mail carrier because . ,A. people in Cascade loved herB. she once worked at St. Peter’s MissionC. Mother Amadeus recommended herD. the US Postal Service needed a female employee59. In the last paragraph, t4her legend" most probably refers to _____ .A. her high social statusB. her unusual life as a pioneerC. her friendship with Amadeus.D. her role in the liberation of slaves(B)JENISON PUBLIC SCHOOLS_______________________________________________Part Time Enrollment(Home School Elective Courses)Grades 1-12Jenison International Academy is excited to offer online, nonessential courses to international students. Kindly view the online elective options, as well as the enrollment process, below. The application window for part time enrollments will close on Friday, December 30, 2016.Online Courses Offered Grades 1-12Elective OpportunitiesPlease click to view our Elective Course Offerings.Part Time Enrollment at JIAStudents participating in the program are allowed to enroll in up to 4 elective courses each semester, and have the option to take 100% of their courses online or create a schedule combination of online and on-campus courses at Jenison Public Schools, which may also include Tech Center, Co-op, and other qualified programs.Student Application ProcessSTEP 1: Online PreparationPlease review the following Interactive Online Readiness Criteria. Please keep this form for your own records. Online Readiness CriteriaSTEP 2: Submit Forms & DocumentationBy completing the Part Time Enrollment Application, applicants are fulfilling the Virtual Learning and District-Required Documentation.Printed ApplicationParents or guardians can download, print, and complete the JIA Enrollment paperwork & JPS District Application. Mail, scan or fax all completed paperwork using the contact information provided on the first page. Printed ApplicationAdditional Required Documentation can be found within the enrollment packet .An email will be sent to the parent or guardian email account when a completed application has been received. Upon review and approval, a welcome message and course selection email will be issued to the same address.60. The courses are designed for _____ .A. high-level students who are studying in Jenison Public SchoolsB.international students whose parents work in Jenison Public SchoolsC.foreign students who can’t study full time in Jenison International AcademyD.graduate students who want a part-time job in Jenison International Academy61. To get enrolled, one should ______ .A. prepare both online and offlineB. print the Online Readiness CriteriaC. contact JIA in person beforehandD. email the J1A Enrollment paperwork62. What can be learned from the webpage?A.The enrollment should be applied on December 30, 2016.B.The parent or guardian needs to have an email account.C.The students need to study at least 8 courses each year.D.The courses can only be learned online.(C)Two heads are better than one, according to the old saying. So why are groups with lots of “heads” known for making bad decisions? Why does “groupthink” immediately mean ineffectiveness and mi stakes?These questions are answered in a fascinating new book called Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter,written by Cass R. Sunstein, a former White House official, and Reid Hastie, an academic specialized in the psychology of decision making. Building on their combined experiences and research, Sunstein and Hastie analyze what goes wrong in group decision-making, and then offer clear-out solutions to overcome these problems.Group decision-making involves discussions among members of a group, each with their own skills, experience, ideas and information. Unfortunately, as the authors explain, there are two types of influence on group members—informational signals and social pressures—which skew (扭曲）the discussions. Informational signals cause people to keep information to themselves when it disagrees with information from others, especially leaders. Social pressures cause people to keep information to themselves to avoid punishment from leaders who are denied.These influences lead to four problems, the authors write: Instead of correcting the errors of their members, groups actually expand those errors; cascade effects(联级效应）take over when the group follows whomever spoke first or loudest; groups become more extreme in their ideas, as the internal discussions strengthen their predisposed（预先有倾向的）thoughts; and groups focus on shared information instead of unshared information.Having laid out the core problems, the authors offer solutions. They begin with a list of methods aimed at handling the four core problems, such as:Leaders have to keep quiet and convince group members that they sincerely want to hear all ideas.Group success should be rewarded. Group members must understand that if the group is right, everyone benefits; this will encourage them to ensure that they find the right answer instead of pushing their own ideas.Group members should be assigned specific roles, thus ensuring that everyone contributes.Either individuals or assigned teams should be tasked with acting as devil’s advocates(唱反调的人).Groups also fail, the author writes, because they don’t distinguish between the early rounds of discussions, in which all ideas must be allowed on the table, and the final rounds of discussions, in which groups must be tight and analytical as they seek the accurate solution. Successful groups will deliberately separate the two processes.In another approach, the authors demonstrate that the wisdom of crowds will often lead to the right answer if a majority of crowd members know their material. Decision-makers often prefer to rely on one single expert, but “chasing the expert” significantly reduces the probability of getting the decision right.Wiser is a quick, engaging and thoughtful read that convincingly argues that, with a few simple steps and open-minded leadership, group discussions can, indeed, lead to wiser decisions.63. The passage is mainly written to _____ .A.make an advertisement for a new bookB. introduce the main points of a new bookC. prove that two heads are better than oneD. show how to make groupthink more effective64. According to the passage, groups sometimes make bad decisions because some members _____ .A. are critical of othersB. are punished by the leaderC. disagree with the leaderD. do not share different ideas65. Which of the following can help improve the effectiveness of groupthink?A. An expert helps to make the final decision.B. Team success is advocated with positive measures.C. No one is allowed to put forward their disagreement.D. Leader s don’t express their own opinions in the process.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Wiser may be welcomed by decision-makers.B. Wiser can change decision-makers’ attitude towards work.C. The more people in the group, the better decision will be made.D. The final rounds of discussions are the most important in decision-making.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day.B. Children don't seem to mind that they have a tutor.C. Diagnostic tests can help take into account the areas of study needing special review and emphasis.D. Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules.E. Children work cooperatively with their private tutors.F. Nor is it aimed only at lower-achieving students.Tutoring a New NormalIt’s not piano lessons or dance lessons. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity in the West is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pet, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “after finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.”Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always shouting. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done.”Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. 67________ In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. 68 ________As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.Di amond, president of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied(欺侮）for having a tutor,”Diamond says. “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one.”________One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need，” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actually asked for one.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gene Therapy“We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes,” said James Watson. Watson is a molecular (分子的）biologist and co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective(有缺陷的）cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a vims and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你是否赞成为贫困学生设立一项基金？（approve)73. 不可否认的是上海迪斯尼乐园每天人满为患。

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崇明县2015-2016学年度第一学期质量抽测高三物理试卷2016.1一、单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分．每小题只有一个正确选项．）1．物理学史上，正确认识运动和力的关系且推翻“力是维持运动的原因”的物理学家、建立惯性定律的物理学家分别是A．亚里士多德伽利略B．亚里士多德牛顿C．伽利略牛顿D．伽利略爱因斯坦2．从宏观上看，气体分子热运动的平均动能与分子间势能分别取决于气体的A．体积和压强B．温度和体积C．温度和压强D．压强和温度3．下列各物理量的表达式中，是用比值法定义该物理量的是A．加速度Fam=B．电功率2UpR=C．电场强度FEq=D．电流强度UIR=4．如图所示，A、B为同一水平线上的两个相同的绕绳轮子．现按箭头方向以相同的速度缓慢转动A、B，使重物C缓慢上升．在此过程中绳上的拉力大小A．保持不变B．逐渐减小C．逐渐增大D．先减小后增大5．一个弹性小球，在光滑水平面上以5m/s的速度向左垂直撞到墙上，碰撞后小球以大小为3m/s速度向右运动．则碰撞前后小球速度变化量∆v的大小和方向分别为A．2m/s，向左B．2m/s，向右C．8m/s，向左D．8m/s，向右6．如图，一定质量的理想气体自状态A沿直线变化到状态B的过程中其压强A．逐渐增大B．逐渐减小C．始终不变D．先增大后减小7．图示为用“与”门、蜂鸣器等元件组成的简易控制电路．若要让蜂鸣器L鸣叫，则电键S1、S2所处的状态为A．S1、S2都闭合B．S1、S2都断开C．S1断开，S2闭合D．S1闭合，S2断开8．一根粗细均匀的绳子，右侧固定，使左侧的S点上下振动，产生一列向右传播的机械波，某时刻的波形如图所示．则该波的A．频率逐渐增大B．频率逐渐减小C．波速逐渐增大D．波速逐渐减小二、单项选择题（共24分，每小题3分．每小题只有一个正确选项．）9．在离地高h 处，以速度v 0抛出一小球，不计空气阻力，已知2032v h g=．则小球落地时间不可能．．．是 A ．0v gB ．02v gC ．03v gD ．4v g10．如图，光滑的四分之一圆弧轨道AB 固定在竖直平面内，A 端与水平面相切．穿在轨道上的小球在方向始终沿轨道切线的拉力F 作用下，由A 向B 缓慢运动，在运动过程中 A ．F 增大，N 减小 B ．F 减小，N 减小 C ．F 增大，N 增大 D ．F 减小，N 增大11．半径分别为r 和2r 的两个质量不计的圆盘，共轴固定连结在一起，可以绕水平轴O 无摩擦转动，大圆盘的边缘上固定有一个质量为m 的质点，小圆盘上绕有细绳．开始时圆盘静止，质点处在水平轴O 的正下方位置．现以水平恒力F 拉细绳，使两圆盘转动，若两圆盘转过的角度6πθ=时，质点m 的速度达到最大为v m ，此时绳子的速度为v F ．则v m 与v F 、F 与mg 间的关系是 A ．m F =v v ,F mg = B ．m F =v v ,2F mg =C ．m F 2=v v ,F mg =D ．m F 2=v v ,2F mg =12．如图，质量为M 的楔形物A 静置在水平地面上，其斜面的倾角为θ．斜面上有一质量为m 的小物块B ，B 与斜面之间存在摩擦．用恒力F 沿斜面向上拉B ，使之匀速上滑．在B 运动过程中，楔形物块A 始终保持静止．则 A ．B 给A 的作用力大小为mg -FB ．B 给A 摩擦力大小为 FC ．地面受到的摩擦力大小为 F cos θD ．地面受到的压力大小为Mg +mg cos θ-F sin θ13．一汽车在平直公路上行驶．从某时刻开始计时，发动机的功率P 随时间t 的变化如图所示．假定汽车所受阻力的大小f 恒定不变．下列描述该汽车的速度v 随时间t 变化图像中，可能正确的是14．在竖直向下的匀强电场E 中，一带电油滴在电场力和重力的作用下，沿虚线所示的运动轨迹从a 运动到b ．若此带电油滴在运动过程中动能和重力势能之和为E 1，重力势能和电势能之和为E 2，则E 1、E 2的变化情况是 A ．E 1增加，E 2增加 B ．E 1增加，E 2减小C ．E 1不变，E 2减小D ．E 1不变，E 2不变m21P P 221212121A ． B ． C ． D ．15．一弹簧振子振幅为A ，周期为04T t =．若振子从平衡位置处开始经过03t 时间时的加速度大小和动能分别为a 1和E 1，而振子在位移为3A时加速度大小和动能分别为a 2和E 2，则a 1、a 2和E 1、E 2的大小关系为A ．a 1＞a 2，E 1＜E 2B ．a 1＞a 2，E 1＞E 2C ．a 1＜a 2，E 1＜E 2D ．a 1＜a 2，E 1＞E 216．如图所示电路中，R 1、R 2为定值电阻，电源内阻为r ．闭合电键S ，电压表显示有读数，调节可变电阻R 的阻值，电压表示数增大量为ΔU ，则在此过程中A ．可变电阻R 阻值增大，流过它的电流增大B ．电阻R 2两端的电压减小，变化量等于U ∆C ．通过电阻R 2的电流减小，变化量小于2UR ∆D ．路端电压一定增大，变化量大于U ∆三、多项选择题（每小题4分，共16分. 每小题有两个或三个正确选项．全选对的，得4分；选对但不全的，得2分；有选错或不答的，得0分．）17．如图所示，S 1、S 2分别是两个水波波源，某时刻它们形成的波峰和波谷分别由实线和虚线表示．则下列判断中正确的是 A ．两列波的频率相同，将在相遇区域形成干涉图像B ．两列波的频率不同，不会在相遇区域形成干涉图像C ．两列波在相遇区域内叠加使得A 点振幅始终为零D ．两列波在相遇区域内叠加使得B 、C 两点振幅有时增大有时减小18．右图中，固定的光滑竖直杆上套有一质量为m 的圆环，圆环与水平放置轻质弹簧一端相连，弹簧另一端固定在墙壁上的A 点，图中弹簧水平时恰好处于原长状态．现让圆环从图示位置（距地面高度为h ）由静止沿杆滑下，滑到杆的底端B 时速度恰好为零．则在圆环下滑至底端的过程中A ．圆环所受合力做功为零B ．弹簧弹力对圆环先做正功后做负功C ．圆环到达B 时弹簧弹性势能为mghD ．弹性势能和重力势能之和先增大后减小19．如图所示，实线是沿x 轴传播的一列简谐横波在0t =时刻的波形图，质点P 恰在平衡位置，虚线是这列波在0.2t =s 时刻的波形图．已知该波的波速是0.8m/s ，则A ．这列波是沿x 轴负方向传播的B ．质点P 在0.4s 时刻速度方向与加速度方向相同C ．0.5s t =时，质点P 的速度沿y 轴负方向D ．质点P 在0.9s 时间内经过的路程为0.48m20．静电场在x 轴上的场强分量E x 随x 的变化关系如图所示，x 轴正向为场强正方向，带负电的点电荷沿x 轴运动，则点电荷 A ．在b 和d 处电势能相等 B ．由a 运动到c 的过程中电势能减小 C ．由b 运动到d 的过程中电场力不做功 D ．由a 运动到d 的过程中x 方向电场力先增大后减小－12E x x四、填空题（共20分，每小题4分）21．在地球表面上周期准确的秒摆（周期为2秒），移到距离地面为nR 0的高度处（R 0为地球半径），该秒摆的周期秒，此时为了让秒摆保持周期2秒不变，则需要 (“增长”，“减短”）摆长．22、分叉题（分A 、B 两组，考生可任选一组答题．若两组试题均做，一律按A 类题计分） 22A ．质量为4.0kg 的物体A 静止在水平桌面上，另一个质量为2.0kg 的物体B 以5.0m/s 的水平速度与物体 A 相碰．碰后物体B 以1.0m/s 的速度反向弹回，则系统的总动量为 kg ·m/s ，碰后物体A 的速度大小为 m/s ．22B ．两颗人造地球卫星，它们质量之比为1:2，它们运行的线速度之比为1:2，那么它们运行的轨道半径之比为，它们所受向心力之比为．23. 如图，水平地面上有一个坑，其竖直截面是半径为R 的半圆．ab 为沿水平方向的直径，O 为圆心．在a 点以某初速度沿ab 方向抛出一小球，小球恰好能击中最低点c ，则小球的初速度0=v ．小球以不同的初速度v 0抛出，会击中坑壁上不同的点．若击中点d 与b 所对的圆心角为θ，则0=v ．24．如图所示电路中，电源电动势6E =V ，内电阻2r =Ω，定值电阻R 1=1Ω，R 为最大阻值是20Ω的变阻器．则在变阻器滑动过程中电源的最大输出功率为 W ；变阻器消耗的最大电功率为 W ．25．如图，在竖直平面内有一匀强电场，一带电量为+q 、质量为m 的小球在力F （未知量）的作用下沿图中虚线由A 至B 做竖直向上的匀速运动．已知力F 和AB 间夹角为θ，AB 间距离为d ，重力加速度为g ．则电场强度E 的最小值为．若电场强度tan /E mg q θ=时，小球从A 运动到B 电势能变化量大小可能为．五、实验题（共24分）26．（4分）（单选）用“油膜法”来粗略估测分子的大小，认为油滴在水面上后油分子的排列需要建立在一定模型基础上，下列哪项是不正确．．．的 A ．分子都是球形的 B ．所有分子都能形成单分子油膜 C ．分子都是一个一个挨着一个排列的 D ．滴入的油酸溶液是高纯度的溶液27．（5分）个圆柱形电极A 和B ，分别与直流电源的正、负极接好（1）（多选）下列说法中正确的是 A ．本实验中A 电极作为正电荷，B 电极作为负电荷 B ．在木板上依次铺放白纸、导电纸和复写纸C ．实验中圆柱形电极与导电纸应有良好的接触D ．放置导电纸时有导电物质的一面向下（2）在A 、B 连线上取某点a ，将与电压传感器正极相连的的探针固定于a 点，另一探针在纸上移动，当移动到某点时电脑上显示电压为负，则这点电势（选填“高”、“低”或“等”）于a 点． bA q +28. （7分）某探究小组设计了“用一把尺子测定动摩擦因数”的实验方案．如图所示，将一个小球和一个滑块用细绳连接，跨在斜面上端．开始时小球和滑块均静止，剪断细绳后，小球自由下落，滑块沿斜面下滑，可先后听到小球落地和滑块撞击挡板的声音，保持小球和滑块释放的位置不变，调整挡板位置，重复以上操作，直到能同时听到小球落地和滑块撞击挡板的声音．用刻度尺测出小球下落的高度H 、滑块释放点与挡板处的高度差h 和沿斜面运动的位移 x ．（空气阻力对本实验的影响可以忽略）（1）滑块沿斜面运动的加速度与重力加速度的比值为．（2）滑块与斜面间的动摩擦因数为．（3）（多选）以下能引起实验误差的是． A ．滑块的质量 B ．当地重力加速度的大小 C ．长度测量时的读数误差 D ．小球落地和滑块撞击挡板不同时 29．（8分）某同学利用图甲所示电路，测量电源电动势和内电阻．（1）所得实验数据如下表，请在给出的直角坐标系上画出U I -的图像．（2）根据所画U I -的图像，可求得电源电动势E = V ，当电流0.2I =A 时电源的输出功率为 W ．（保留两位有效数）（3）实验完成后，该同学对实验方案进行了反思，认为按图甲电路进行实验操作的过程中存在安全隐患，并对电路重新设计．在图乙所示的电路中，你认为相对合理的电路是．（R x 为未知小电阻）六、计算题（共50分）30．（10分）如图，滑块和小球的质量均为m ，滑块可在水平光滑固定导轨上自由滑动，小球用长为l 的轻绳悬于滑块上的O 点．开始时轻绳处于水平拉直状态，小球和滑块均静止．现将小球由静止释放，当小球到达最低动．求：（1）小球到达最低点时速度的大小；（2）小球继续向左摆动到达最高点时轻绳与竖直方向的夹角θ．（3）小球从释放到第一次到达最低点的过程中，绳的拉力对小球所做的功．（图甲）x（D ）（C ）（A ）（B ）（图乙）B31．（12分）如图所示，玻璃管A上端封闭，B上端开口且足够长，两管下端用橡皮管连接起来，A管上端被一段水银柱封闭了一段长为6cm的气体，外界大气压为75cmHg，左右两水银面高度差为5cm，温度为127t ℃．（1）保持温度不变，上下移动B管，使A管中气体长度变为5cm，稳定后的压强为多少？（2）B管应向哪个方向移动？移动多少距离？（3）稳定后保持B不动，为了让A管中气体体积回复到6cm，则温度应变为多少？32．（14分）如图所示，ABCD 是一个T 型支架，支架A 端有一大小与质量均可忽略的光滑定滑轮，D 点处有一光滑转动轴，AC 与BD 垂直，且AB BC =， BD 长为0.6d =m ，AC 与水平地面间的夹角为37θ=︒，整个支架的质量为1M =kg （BD 部分质量不计）．质量为2m =kg 的小滑块置于支架的C 端，并与跨过定滑轮的轻绳相连，绳另一端作用一竖直向下大小为24N 的拉力F ，小滑块在拉力作用下由静止开始沿AC 做匀加速直线运动，己知小滑块与斜面间的动摩擦因数为0.5μ=．（10g =m/s 2，sin 370.6︒=，cos370.8︒=）（1）求小滑块沿AC 向上滑的加速度大小；（2）滑块开始运动后，经过多长时间支架开始转动？（3）为保证支架不转动，作用一段时间后撤去拉力F ，求拉力作用的最大时间．33．（14分）当金属的温度升高到一定程度时就会向四周发射电子，这种电子叫热电子，通常情况下，热电子的初始速度可以忽略不计．如图所示，相距为L的两块平行金属板M、N接在输出电压恒为U的高压电源E2 上，M、N之间的电场近似为匀强电场，a、b、c、d是匀强电场中四个均匀分布的等势面，K是与M板距离很近的灯丝，电源E1给K加热从而产生热电子．电源接通后，电流表的示数稳定为I，已知电子的质量为m、电量为e．求：（1）电子达到N板瞬间的速度；（2）电子从灯丝K出发达到N板所经历的时间；（3）电路稳定的某时刻，MN之间运动的热电子的总动能；（4）电路稳定的某时刻，c、d两个等势面之间具有的电子数．E22015年崇明高三物理试卷答案参考答案一、单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。