外贸单证实务 bill of lading
billof lading海运提单
海运船只（Ocean Vessel）本栏按实际情况填写承担本次运输货物的船舶的名
称和航次。 装货港（Port of Lading）：本栏填写货物的实际装船的港口名称，即启运港。 卸货港（Port of Discharge）：本栏填写海运承运人终止承运责任的港口名称。
交货地点（Place of Delivery）：本栏只有在转船运输时填写。
应与托运单中“收货人”的填写完全一致，并 符合信用证的规定。 例：来证要求B/L issued to order of Applicant,查Applicant为Big A Co 例：来证要求Full set of B/L made out to our order, 查开证行名称为Small B Bank
Sample bills of lading
提单基本内容
提单的号码（B/L.NO.______）：承运人或其代理人按承运人接受托运货物的先 后次序或按舱位入货的位置编排的号码 提单的名称：必须注明“提单”（Marine/Ocean Bill of Lading）字样。 托运人（Shipper）的名称和营业所：此栏填写出口商或信用证没有特殊规定时 应填写信用证受益人的名称和地址，如果信用证要求以第三者为托运人必须按信 用证的要求予以缮制。 收货人或指示（Consignee or Order）的名称：收货人的指定关系到提单能否 转让，以及货物的归属问题，收货人的名称必须按信用证的规定填写。 通知地址（Notify Address）：被通知人即进口方或进口方的代理人，如信用证 有具体规定，要严格按照信用证规定缮制。
承运人或承运人的具名代理人或船长或船长的具名代理人。
Received bills of lading
A received B/L is the one that acknowledges that goods have been received for shipment but not been loaned on board the carrying vessel yet.
单证员综合指导：BillofLoading提单
1.full set shipping (company''s) clean on board bill(s) of lading marked "Freight Prepaid" to order of shipper endorsed to …Bank, notifying buyers 全套装船（公司的）洁净已装船提单应注明“运费付讫”，作为以装船⼈指⽰为抬头、背书给……银⾏，通知买⽅2.bills of lading made out in negotiable form 作成可议付形式的提单3.clean shipped on board ocean bills of lading to order and endorsed in blank marked "Freight Prepaid" notify:importer(openers,accountee) 洁净已装船的提单空⽩抬头并空⽩背书，注明“运费付讫”，通知进⼝⼈（开证⼈）4.full set of clean "on board" bills of lading/cargo receipt made out to our order/to order and endorsed in blank notify buyers M/S … Co. calling for shipment from China to Hamburg marked "Freight prepaid" / "Freight Payable at Destination" 全套洁净“已装船”提单/货运收据作成以我（⾏）为抬头/空⽩抬头，空⽩背书，通知买⽅……公司，要求货物字中国运往汉堡，注明“运费付讫”/“运费在⽬的港付”5.bills of lading issued in the name of…提单以……为抬头6.bills of lading must be dated not before the date of this credit and not later than Aug. 15, 1977 提单⽇期不得早于本证的⽇期，也不得迟于1977年8⽉15⽇7.bill of lading marked notify: buyer,“Freight Prepaid”“Liner terms”“received for shipment” B/L not acceptable提单注明通知买⽅，“运费预付”按“班轮条件”，“备运提单”不接受8.non-negotiable copy of bills of lading 不可议付的提单副本。
海运提单bill of lading
Bill of Lading提单B/L is the short form of Bill of Lading which is one of the most important documents in international business. A Bill of Lading represents both a receipt for goods shipped and a contract for shipment between the shipping company and the shipper. It is also a document of entitlement to the goods, giving the holder or the assignee the right to possess the goods. It is issued and signed by a shipping company or its authorized agent.B/L是Bill of Lading的缩写形式，是在国际贸易中最重要的单据之一。
提单既作为承运货物的收据，又代表承运人和托运人之间的运输合同。
它也是货物所有权的证件，因而给予持有人或受让人提货的权力。
它由承运人或其授权代理签署。
1. The main functions of a B/L 提单的主要作用1. It is a cargo receipt made out by the ship owner; 它是船方填制的货物收据；2. It is the evidence of a contract of carriage between the consignor and the shipping company;是托运人与承运人间的运输合同证明；3.B/L is a document of title to the goods. 是货物所有权证明单据。
外贸单证实务 单据练习 BILL OF LADING
Shipper NameConsignee (Non-Negotiable unless consigned “to order ”)Notify Party (Carrier not responsible for failure to notify)Pre-carriage by (Combined or Through Transport Only)Place of Receipt (Combined or Through Transport Only)Vessel/V oyage no.Place of Delivery *Port of Loading44E 和补充资料（实际履行信息） Port of Discharge44FFinal Destination( for the Merchant ’s Reference)Marks & Nos. Container / Seal No.( For FCL must be stated)补充资料（实际履行信息）麦头看信用证有没有规定 与其它单据相同No. of Containeror Pkgs看装箱单或补充资料（实际履行信息）Description of Goods Said To Contain可只写品名，FCL 一般会加“Said To Contain ”或“STC ”Gross Weight ( KGS)看补充资料（实际履行信息）与装箱单相同Measurement (CBM)看补充资料（实际履行信息）与装箱单相同Total Number of Container or Packages (in words) 大写最大包装件数Freight payable atType of movementByas carrierNo. of Original B/LPlace & Date of Issue看补充资料（实际履行信息），要满足44CShipped on Board Date看补充资料（实际履行信息），要满足44C。
提单(bill_of_lading)中英文简介-推荐下载
货主领取D/O之后，说明船公司已经把货物放给货主了。
Bill of Lading -IntroductionWhen discussing Bills of Lading, we must distinguish between a carrier B/L (B/L) and a House B/L (HBL). Please see separate chapter for HBL.In Maersk Logistics, we do not issue carrier Bills of Lading. Only Ocean Carriers (also known as VOCCs or shipping lines) can issue a carrier B/L.In the old days, the Bill of Lading was a document issued by the captain of the vessel for goods carried onboard his vessel. This is not practical today where instead the document is issued by an agent acting on behalf of the captain.Maersk Sealand’s offices around the world have been empowered to sign Bills of Lading on behalf of “the captain” (the principal carrier).Bill of Lading - Issuing PartyThe B/L is issued by an ocean carrier, also known as a VOCC（船公司，有船公共承运人） (vessel-operating common carrier) or shipping line（航运公司）.Maersk Sealand（马士基海陆有限公司）, being a VOCC, issues Bs/L for goods shipped onboard their vessels.Bill of Lading – FunctionsBasically, a Bill of Lading has 3 functions:1. A receipt （收据）for the cargo2. A document of title3. Evidence of a contract of carriage1. Receipt for cargoThe B/L is a receipt by the carrier that the goods are in his custody（保管）. The B/L acts as a receipt between the shipper and the carrier until such time as title has been passed to a third party (the consignee). Then it becomes an independent contract between the carrier and the third party. The thirdparty assumes（接管，承担） the rights, responsibilities and obligations identical （同一的，完全相同的）to those of the shipper.2. Evidence of contract of carriageIt is common to hear the B/L referred to as the ‘contract of carriage’. However, the contract of carriageis always the underlying（基本的） agreement between the carrier and the customer to carry his goods. The B/L is merely evidence of this.The B/L evidences a contract of carriage between the ocean carrier and the shipper/consignee in theB/L.Also see: Evidence of contract of carriage in the Glossary（词汇表）.3. Document of Title（物权凭证，所有权凭证）A B/L is a Document of Title. This means that the legal right (the title) to the goods covered by the B/L can pass from one party to another by means of endorsements （背书）(please see explanation below). The carrier will only release the goods at destination to a rightful holder of a duly endorsed（提单可以适当背书） original Bill of Lading.At the time the B/L is issued, the shipper will advise the carrier who the B/L should be consigned（交付） to - I.e. who the Consignee on the B/L is.The shipper can choose to consign the B/L in different ways:a. Full name and address of an individual or companyb. “TO ORDER” (of shipper)c. “TO ORDER OF [bank]” - example: To order of Dubai Bankd. “TO ORDER OF [company]” - example: To order of Toy Trader Ltd.e. “TO ORDER OF [individual]” - example: To order of Gary Jensen, Street, City“To order” means that the party can transfer their rights as consignee to another party by endorsing the B/L.3a. EndorsementAn endorsement is a signature (and company stamp) on the B/L (and preferably also a clear written statement that the B/L is being endorsed to “Company XYZ”). The endorsement is written on the original B/L document by the party who is shown as the consignee on the B/L but now wishes to transfer this right to another party.When obtaining the endorsed B/L, the new consignee now assumes all rights, obligations and responsibilities that were previously vested in the first consignee. This also includes the right to transfer the B/L to yet another party by adding a new endorsement on the B/L document. In this way, a chain of endorsements may take place.The Ocean Carrier （海运承运人）will check the endorsements on the original B/L document before releasing the goods at destination. As you can see, it is not always the first consignee (as printed on the B/L when it was issued) that actually take delivery of the goods at destination.Because of this function ad Document of Title, a B/L is often referred to as a “negotiable”（可转让的）document but “transferable” is actually the more correct term.Bill of Lading - Originals and CopiesThe fact that the carrier B/L functions as Document of Title places great importance on the B/L document. All parties involved (shipper, consignee and carrier) rely on the document to decide who can take delivery of the goods at destination.The carrier will normally print a B/L document in 3 originals and a reasonable number of copies. It is only an Original B/L document that can be transferred to another party. The copies may be pre-printed ‘Copy’ or ‘Non-Negotiable’. Both are non-transferable.Although 3 originals have been issued, the carrier will release the goods at destination to whoever presents one duly and properly endorsed original B/LNow you may think: “But what if the shipper （托运人，发货人，货主）sells the goods twice and endorses two of the original Bs/L to two different parties?”The carrier must exercise due care to check that the B/L is properly endorsed to the party who submits （提交）it. If this is the case and the carrier is in good faith, he can release the goods. The change of ownership of the cargo is a matter between the seller and the buyer only. The carrier is not involved. If the seller has sold the goods twice, it is a matter between the seller and the two buyers.Bill of Lading - Carrier’s responsibilityThe three main areas of responsibility of the carrier under a B/L are:1. Responsibility for correct description of the goods2. Responsibility to release the goods to the properly entitled party at the proper location3. Responsibility to care for the cargo while it is in the carrier’s custody1. Responsibility for correct description of the goodsAny third party buyer may purchase goods by relying on the description of the goods in the B/L (quantity, condition, etc.).The description of the goods on the B/L is usually supplied by the shipper or his agent. (The carrier will not know what is inside a container or carton packed by the shipper). It is however essential that if the carrier knows that the description of the goods supplied by the shipper is not correct (for example that cartons are damaged), the carrier clearly notes the discrepancy（不符，相差） on the B/L or refuses to accept the cargo and issue the B/L.If the carrier does not note the discrepancy on the B/L, the carrier “steps into the shoes” of the shipper and assumes responsibility, on behalf of the shipper, to the buyer of the goods. This means that if there was a dispute between the carrier and the buyer of the goods, the buyer could file a claim against the carrier. The carrier would need to file claim against the shipper but may not be able to prove that the goods were not received as stated in the B/L.2. Responsibility to release the goods to the properly entitled party at the proper locationWhoever presents a duly and properly endorsed B/L at the correct destination is entitled to take delivery of the goods.The carrier receiving a B/L and being satisfied that the proper endorsement is in place, when releasing the goods, is relieved of any responsibility should it later appear that the B/L holder was in fact not the proper receiver.The carrier must of course also ensure that the person who submits the B/L and take delivery of the goods is a representative of the consignee (e.g. an employee or an agent of the company to whom the B/L has been consigned).Release of the cargo without receipt of a properly endorsed B/L compromises the carrier’s responsibility towards the true owner of the goods. This may expose the carrier to unlimited liability（责任）inclusive（包括） of consequential(间接的) damages. In other words, the carrier may be required to compensate（赔偿） the rightful consignee not only for the value of the goods but potentially also for additional costs such as loss of sales profits.If the carrier is in doubt about who the rightful owner of the B/L is, e.g. because there has been a chain of endorsements and the carrier is not familiar with all signatures and stamps of the intermediate consignees, the carrier should in principle contact these parties to check. The carrier may can also contact the shipper and/or the notify（通知） party on the B/L to hear their views.2a. Release at different destinationIf the release of the goods is requested at a destination different from the one mentioned on the B/L, the carrier should first receive the full set of Bs/L (all originals) for the particular shipment.The full set of an issued B/L has an intended destination. Since release is possible against any one of the Bills of Lading in a set, then only by receiving all the issued originals can the carrier assure himself that no other lawful holder of an original B/L can present the B/L at the B/L destination and rightfully claim title to the goods.2b. Release of goods without original B/L or issuance of a new set of BillsIt is a critical situation when the full set of original Bills are lost. By releasing the goods without obtaining a duly endorsed original B/L, the carrier will expose themselves to unlimited liability, incl. consequential damages, in case a rightful holder of the B/L later turns up and expects to receive the cargo. On the other hand, the consignee may in fact be the legal owner of the goods after having paid the shipper and the carrier will be under pressure from the consignee to release the goods as soon as possible.In such a situation, the carrier will typically ask both the shipper and the consignee to confirm that they agree to the issuance of a new set of bills or release of goods without the bills. In addition, the party who has asked for a new set of bills (the shipper or the consignee), or has asked to have the goods released (the consignee), is asked to sign a Letter of Indemnity (LOI) and this must be backed up by a first class bank guarantee which is valid for a minimum of 6 years or whatever the B/L filing period is in that country. The process must be approved and release signed off by appropriate management.It is a commercial decision by the carrier whether they will release the goods on this basis or not.3.Responsibility to care for the cargo while in the carrier’s custodyThe duty of care of the goods is both regulated in law and is based on common sense. If the goods arrive damaged at destination and no note has been made on the B/L regarding the condition of the cargo, it is the carrier’s responsibility.If the carrier wants to claim against the shipper, it is the carrier’s responsibility to prove that the goods were not damaged while in his custody.Bill of Lading – AmendmentWhen a shipper requests an amendment to a B/L which has already been printed and issued, the carrier must make a judgment of the request and decide if the B/L can be amended accordingly.The carrier must ensure that the full set of original Bs/L are returned (if 3 originals were issued, 3 originals should be returned for amendment) and ensure that the description of the goods is still correct.If a shipper requests a completely new set of Bs/L, this is considered an amendment and the full set of originals must be surrendered. If the shipper or consignee is not able to produce the full set of originals, the carrier should not issue a new set. If the customer insists, the carrier must make a judgment of the commercial risk and may decide that a new set can be issued. In such case, the first set of Bs/L will be considered lost.You must ensure to check local procedures for this.Bill of Lading - Cargo DescriptionCargo descriptionThe transport provider cannot physically verify the contents of the cartons and packages received from the shipper. For legal reasons, the description of the goods must therefore always include the wording “Said To Contain” or “S.T.C.” to signify that the transport provider is relying on the description of the goods supplied by the shipper. Example: S.T.C. 1020 cartons of CD players.If the carrier knows that the description of the goods supplied by the shipper is not correct (for example that cartons are damaged), the carrier should note the discrepancy on the B/L or refuse to accept the cargo and issue the B/L.No. of packagesIf cargo is lost during transit, it is the number of units as stated in the “no. of pkgs” field that will be used for calculation of potential compensation to the owner. For this reason, this field should always reflect the smallest number of shipping units. Example 1 (FCL container): “1 x 20’ STD” instead of “500 cartons”. Example 2 (LCL shipment): “5 pallets” instead of “50 cartons”.ClausesThe transport provider should insert the clause “Shipper’s load, stow and count” if the customer is loading the container at his premises.“Shipped onboard” must only be used when the document is issued after vessel sailing. If the customer wants the document issued before vessel sailing, the clause “Received for shipment” is used instead.Most carriers will not insert the clause “Clean onboard” on the Bill. Even for LCL-shipments where they are physically handling the cartons, they cannot check the quality and condition of the merchandise inside the cartons.Clean B/L without notations of damages or shortcomingsThe buyer or the bank (Letter of Credit) sometimes demands a so-called “clean B/L” which means a B/L without any notes of damages or shortcomings at the time of loading. This sometimes creates problems between the carrier and the shipper, who in spite of damage or other discrepancy to the cargo wants the shipping line to incorrectly issue a “Clean B/L” against a letter of indemnity from the shipper or a bank guarantee. Such indemnities are not allowed under the international conventions that governsBs/L and if brought to court will not be upheld. Therefore the carrier should not issue “Clean” Bs/L if this is not the correct cargo description.24-hour manifest rule (U.S. customs)You may have heard about the 24-hour manifest rule established by U.S. Customs and its requirements regarding description of goods - for example that “S.T.C.” is not allowed and that the cargo description must be very specific (i.e. “general merchandise” and other general cargo descriptions are not allowed). For the purpose of transport documentation, you should be aware that the U.S. Customs rules relate to the vessel manifest, not the printed Bill of Lading or Waybill document. The vessel manifest is used for customs purposes. The printed Bill or Waybill is used for legal and commercial purposes.Bill of Lading - Document DateThe date of the B/L must be the date on which it is actually issued, irrespective of the date the cargo was received or loaded, however not earlier than the date the cargo was received or loaded respectively.For a “Shipped on Board” B/L, the date cannot be earlier than the date the cargo was actually loaded on board the first vessel or conveyance mentioned in the document.For a “Received for Shipment” B/L, the date cannot be earlier than the date the cargo was actually received at the place of receipt or load port mentioned in the document.Sometimes, a shipper will request a carrier to issue the B/L with earlier or later dates in order to comply with time restrictions in the shipper’s Letter of Credit. The carrier is not obliged to do so and should not do so. It would be considered an attempt to defraud the buyer.Bill of Lading - Freight paymentThe charges payable at origin (usually by the shipper) are called “prepaid”. The charges payable at destination (usually by the consignee) are called “collect”.In order to secure payment, the carrier will usually not release the original B/L document to the shipper before he has paid all prepaid charges.At destination, the carrier will usually not release the goods until all freight charges are paid (even when a duly endorsed B/L is presented).It is a commercial decision by the carrier whether they wish to grant the shipper and/or consignee credit. If credit has been granted, the carrier will release the goods and expect the freight and other costs to be paid within the agreed time.The shipper is responsible for advising the carrier which charges are prepaid and collect. If the carrier is in doubt whether the consignee will pay for the collect charges, he may check with the consignee before accepting the shipment.In some areas of the world, from where there is a great risk and/or cost for the carrier to ship cargo, the carrier may require that all charges are prepaid.Bill of Lading – FilingAfter collecting the original B/L and releasing the goods, the carrier should stamp the original B/L “accomplished” (or similar).The carrier must then file the original B/L for at least 6 years according to international and domestic regulations. Local legislation may require a longer filing period.Bill of Lading - Why use this document?When buying goods internationally, there is a distance between the buyer and the seller. The exchange of goods and the payment for the goods therefore cannot take place at the same time. The seller wants to ensure that he does not transfer ownership of the goods without receiving payment, and the buyer wants to make sure that he does not pay without getting ownership of the goods that he was expecting.The seller uses the B/L as proof that he has delivered the goods for shipment at the agreed place. The B/L also confirms the quantity and apparent condition of the goods in the B/L.When a B/L is issued (a document of title), the carrier will only release the goods at destination to the party who can present an original B/L that covers the goods. The B/L becomes the “key to the cargo”. When the buyer has paid for the goods, the seller will transfer the original Bs/L to the buyer. If the buyer does not pay for the goods, the seller can keep the original Bs/L and in this way control that the buyer does not receive the goods from the carrier. (In some cases, the buyer will require to receive the originals before paying).In cases where the payment for the goods is facilitated by a bank through a Letter of Credit, the bank at origin may require that they obtain title to the goods in the period between paying the seller and obtaining payment from the buyer or the buyer’s bank. This is why the B/L is sometimes consigned “to order of [bank]”. If it happened that the buyer could not pay for the goods after all, the bank would be able to recover some of their loss by selling the goods.In other cases, the B/L is used because goods are sold during transit and there is a need to have a negotiable/transferable document to cover the shipment. The original consignee will endorse the B/L to the new consignee who can then obtain release of the goods.It is important to note that although the B/L is used to facilitate the payment of goods between seller and buyer, the carrier does NOT take part in the change of ownership of goods. This is only a matter between the seller and the buyer. The carrier follows the rules and obligations as stated in the B/L and contract of carriage (ships and releases goods in accordance herewith).Bill of Lading - the role of Maersk LogisticsIn Maersk Logistics we do not issue carrier Bills of Lading. However, we work with the carriers either on behalf of the clients (when we are acting as agents on behalf of the shipper or the consignee and the customer has agreed freight rates and other terms and conditions directly with the carrier) or as customers (when we are acting as NVOCC and have sub-contracted our shipments to the carrier). Scenario 1: Acting as agent on behalf of a shipper or consigneeWhen acting as agent on behalf of our customers, the carrier B/L evidences a contract of carriage between the carrier and our customer. Maersk Logistics is not a party to the contract under the B/L although we are performing freight forwarding services on behalf of our client.In this scenario, we usually book the cargo with the carrier chosen by our customer, arrange containers to be loaded/consolidated and brought to the carrier’s terminal, co-ordinate the issuance of documents and check the documents issued by the carrier. We may also pay the carrier charges on behalf of our customer and invoice him accordingly. At destination, we may co-ordinate the release and delivery of the container and arrange customs clearance on behalf of our client.Scenario 2: Acting as NVOCCWhen acting as NVOCC, Maersk Logistics is the customer of the carrier. We therefore book our shipments with the carrier, deliver the goods in our name, provide shipper’s instructions, pay freight charges to the carrier and obtain release of the goods at destination based on the B/L which is issued between us and the carrier.Bill of Lading - Difference between B/L and SWB1. In which areas are the B/L and the SWB the same?- They both function as a Receipt for cargo and Evidence of contract of carriage- They both contain details about the shipment such as shipper, consignee, vessel, place of delivery, cargo description and date- They must not be issued with a date different than the true issuance date / onboard date- They are issued by the ocean carrier (VOCC)- They obligate the carrier to ensure correct description of the goods- They obligate the carrier to care for the cargo while in his custody- They obligate the carrier to ensure that he releases the goods to the correctly entitled party at destination2. In which areas are the B/L and the SWB different?- The B/L is a document of title. The Sea Waybill is NOT.- A SWB cannot be consigned “to order”, it must always state a consignee.- The B/L is printed in sets of originals and copies (often 3 originals).A SWB is only printed as copies.-The carrier does not require an original SWB in order to release the goods at destinationBill of Lading - Difference between B/L and HBL1. In which areas are the carrier B/L and the House B/L the same?- They have the same functions: A receipt for cargo, A document of title, Evidence of contract of carriage- They can both be endorsed to another party if the document is consigned “to order” or “to order of [name/company]”- They must not be issued with an onboard date different than the true onboard date- They are both issued in a set of (usually) 3 originals and a reasonable number of copies- They often have the same format and fields- They obligate the issuing party to ensure correct description of the goods- They obligate the issuing party to care for the cargo while in his custody- They obligate the issuing party to ensure that the goods are released to the correctly entitled party at destination2. In which areas are the carrier B/L and the House B/L different?- The HBL is issued by the NVOCC who does not operate vessels.The B/L is issued by a VOCC.- The HBL evidences a contract between the NVOCC and his customer. The B/L evidences acontract between the carrier and his customer.- Maersk Logistics can issue HBL. We cannot issue carrier B/L.。
《外贸单证实务》项目四发货过程单证操作
《外贸单证实务》项目四发货过程单证操作外贸单证是指外贸业务中为了合同履行、支付结算、海关报关等目的而需要用到的文件。
在外贸业务中，发货过程是非常重要的环节，涉及到各种单证的操作。
本文将详细介绍发货过程中常见的单证操作。
1. 装箱单（Packing List）装箱单是一种详细列出货物包装情况的单证。
装箱单上通常包含以下信息：发货人、收货人、货物描述、包装方式、数量、重量、体积等。
在发货前，出口商需要制作装箱单，并将其交付给货代或物流公司进行装箱。
装箱单将用于核对装箱后的货物数量、重量和品名等信息。
2. 提运单（Bill of Lading）提运单是一种货物运输的收据，也是一种合同证明文件。
提运单上包含了出口商与运输公司的合同，也记录了货物的数量、品名、收货人等信息。
提运单是货物运输中最重要的单证之一，也是国际贸易支付结算的重要依据。
商业发票是一份详细列出货物、数量、金额以及卖方与买方信息的销售凭证。
商业发票通常由出口商提供给进口商，在商品交付后提供。
商业发票是海关报关、进口商结算等重要文件之一4. 原产地证明（Certificate of Origin）原产地证明用于证明货物的产地。
根据不同的国际贸易协定和条约，原产地证明可能被要求提供。
原产地证明应该由相关政府或政府认可的机构出具，并标明货物的产地和制造商的相关信息。
5. 船舶托运单据（Shipping Instructions）6. 保险单（Insurance Policy）保险单是货物运输保险的凭证。
如果出口商选择为货物购买运输保险，出口商应该向保险公司购买保险并获得保险单。
保险单是货物运输中保险索赔的重要凭证，也是进口商支付结算的依据之一在发货过程中，出口商应该严格按照要求准备和提交相关单证。
这些单证的准备和操作，直接影响到货物的运输安全、质量的保证以及顺利结算。
因此，出口商需要熟悉相关单证操作的要求，并与货代、物流公司、保险公司等进行有效沟通和合作，确保发货过程顺利进行。
Bill of lading
Bill of Lading提单B/L is the short form of Bill of Lading which is one of the most important documents in international business. A Bill of Lading represents both a receipt for goods shipped and a contract for shipment between the shipping company and the shipper. It is also a document of entitlement to the goods, giving the holder or the assignee the right to possess the goods. It is issued and signed by a shipping company or its authorized agent.B/L是Bill of Lading的缩写形式，是在国际贸易中最重要的单据之一。
提单既作为承运货物的收据，又代表承运人和托运人之间的运输合同。
它也是货物所有权的证件，因而给予持有人或受让人提货的权力。
它由承运人或其授权代理签署。
1. The main functions of a B/L 提单的主要作用1. It is a cargo receipt made out by the ship owner; 它是船方填制的货物收据；2. It is the evidence of a contract of carriage between the consignor and the shipping company; 是托运人与承运人间的运输合同证明；3. B/L is a document of title to the goods. 是货物所有权证明单据。
billoflading
Bill of Lading1. IntroductionA bill of lading is a legal document that is used in international trade and shipping to acknowledge the receipt of goods and to serve as evidence of the contract of carriage. It is issued by the carrier or its agent and provides detailed information about the shipment, such as the type and quantity of goods, the place of origin and destination, and the terms and conditions of the transportation contract. This document plays a crucial role in facilitating smooth and efficient cargo transportation.2. Purpose of a Bill of LadingThe primary purpose of a bill of lading is to serve as a receipt of goods. It provides proof that a shipment has been received by the carrier for transport. The bill of lading also acts as a title document, transferring the ownership of the goods from the seller to the buyer. In addition, it serves as a contract of carriage, outlining the rights and responsibilities of each party involved in the transportation process. Finally, the bill of lading is used to facilitate the process of cargo insurance and customs clearance.3. Types of Bill of LadingThere are several types of bill of lading, each serving a different purpose:A straight bill of lading is a non-negotiable document that is issued to a specific named consignee. It requires the goods to be delivered only to that consignee and cannot be transferred to another party. This type of bill of lading is often used in cases where the buyer has paid for the goods in advance or when there is no need for the goods to be transferred to a third party.3.2. Order Bill of LadingAn order bill of lading is a negotiable document that can be transferred to another party through endorsement. It allows the goods to be delivered to the holder of the bill of lading or their nominated agent. This type of bill of lading is commonly used in international trade, where the buyer may need to finance the purchase or where the goods are to be sold to another party before reaching the final destination.3.3. Claused Bill of LadingA claused bill of lading is issued when there is a discrepancy or damage to the goods being shipped. It contains specific clauses or remarks regarding the condition of the goods at the time of shipment. This type of bill of lading serves as evidence of any damage or issues that may have occurred during transit and can be used to claim compensation from the carrier or their insurance provider.A through bill of lading is used when the transportation of goods involves multiple modes of transport or multiple carriers. It covers the entire journey from the place of origin to the final destination, even if different carriers are used for different legs of the journey. This type of bill of lading ensures seamless transportation and makes it easier for the shipper and consignee to track the shipment.4. Key Elements of a Bill of LadingA bill of lading typically contains the following key elements:•Name and contact details of the carrier and shipper•Name and contact details of the consignee•Description of the goods, including quantity, weight, and dimensions•Place of origin and destination•Loading and unloading ports•Vessel or vehicle details, including registration numbers•Shipping terms and conditions, such as Incoterms•Date of shipment and expected delivery date•Freight charges and payment terms•Signatures of the carrier and shipperIt is important that all the information provided on the bill of lading is accurate and complete. Any errors or discrepancies can cause delays in the transportation process and may result in additional costs or legal issues.5. Electronic Bill of LadingIn recent years, there has been a shift towards the use of electronic bill of lading (eBL) systems. An eBL is a digital alternative to the traditional paper-based bill of lading. It offers several advantages, such as faster processing, reduced paperwork, improved transparency, and increased security. With eBLs, all the relevant parties can access and update the shipment information in real-time, leading to smoother coordination and better visibility throughout the transportation process.However, the adoption of eBLs is still limited due to various factors, including legal and regulatory challenges, lack of standardization, and concerns about data privacy and security. Nevertheless, many industry players are working towards overcoming these obstacles and promoting the widespread use of eBLs.6. ConclusionThe bill of lading is a critical document in international trade and shipping. It provides proof of shipment, transfers the ownership of the goods, and outlines the terms and conditionsof the transportation contract. There are different types of bill of lading, each serving a specific purpose. Whether in traditional paper form or as an electronic document, the bill of lading plays a vital role in facilitating the smooth and efficient transportation of goods around the world.。
国际商法billoflading
A bill of lading is an instrument issued by an ocean carrier to a shipper with whom the carrier has entered into a contract for the carriage of goods
e.g. the goods received for shipping (or their packaging) looks
wets, damaged in doubtful condition not in correct quantity
2. classification of bill of lading
clean bill of lading (clean B/L) a bill of lading issued by a carrier declaring
that the goods have been received in an appropriate condition, without the presence of defects about packaging or the quantity
easily, it may bring about risks to both the seller and buyer because of missing and stealing.
Notes
Endorsement The placing of a signiture,sometimes with additional
(vessel) on the stated date.
Banks require this type of bill of lading so as to pay
提单billoflading样本及内容解析
Bill of Lading提单B/L is the short form of Bill of Lading which is one of the most important documents in international business. A Bill of Lading represents both a receipt for goods shipped and a contract for shipment between the shipping company and the shipper. It is also a document of entitlement to the goods, giving the holder or the assignee the right to possess the goods. It is issued and signed by a shipping companyor its authorized agent.B/L是Bill of Lading的缩写形式，是在国际贸易中最重要的单据之一。
提单既作为承运货物的收据，又代表承运人和托运人之间的运输合同。
它也是货物所有权的证件，因而给予持有人或受让人提货的权力。
它由承运人或其授权代理签署。
1. The main functions of a B/L 提单的主要作用1. It is a cargo receipt made out by the ship owner; 它是船方填制的货物收据；2. It is the evidence of a contract of carriage between the consignor and the shipping company; 是托运人与承运人间的运输合同证明；3. B/L is a document of title to the goods. 是货物所有权证明单据。