英语语法练习题
二、语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，即是主语在做这个动作；而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象，此时，主语是动作的逻辑宾语。例如：
My uncle repaired the TV set yesterday. 昨天我叔叔修理了那台电视机。
The TV set was repaired (by my uncle) yesterday. 那台电视机昨天被(我叔叔)修理了。
三、被动语态的构成
被动语态是由“be动词+(及物动词)过去分词”构成。若要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后边需接by…，译为“被(由)……”。不同时态的被动语态主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现已及物动词do为例，其各种时态的被动结构形式如下表所示：
时态
结构形式
※一般现在时
am / is / are + done
※一般过去时
was / were + done
现在进行时
am / is / are + being done
过去进行时
was / were + being done
※现在完成时
have / has + been done
过去完成时
had + been done
※一般将来时
shall / will + be done；am / is / are going to + be done 过去将来时
would + be done；was / were going to + be done
※含有情态动词
情态动词+ be done
四、被动语态的用法
用法
示例
不知道谁是动作的执行者，省略by短语。
①—Look! What an old palace! It looks so great! —Yeah, it ________________ (建造)nearly 800 years ago.
②—Did you go to the his birthday party yesterday? —No, I __________________ (not invite).
没有必要说、不想说或众所周知动作的执行者，省略by短语。
①Drivers shouldn’t ________________ (允许) drive after drinking, or they will break the law.
②The Chinese mainland pandas, Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan, ________________ (送) Taiwan on December 23rd, 2008.
强调动作的承受者，句尾加by短语。
①Thousands of houses ________________ (destroy) by the floods in Guangxi last month.
②Haibao was __________ (设计)by two artists, one from Shanghai and the other from Taiwan.
在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密。
I have a new motorbike. It was __________ (give) to me as a
birthday present by my father.
在新闻报道中，为了表明报道的客观性而避免主观性的透露。
A car accident happened on the high way this morning. Three men ____________ (kill), the wounded ____________ (take) away to hospital at once and the policemen ____________ (send) there to cope with the event.
在科技论文中，强调客观事实。
①When it is cold enough, water will ______________ (turn) into ice.
②So far, the moon has ______________ (visit) by earthmen several time.
某些习惯用法以被动语态形式出现。
①I am very interested in _________________ (看英文电影).
②She was seated _______________________ (窗边).
③He is dressed very _________ (好).
④Marcia ______________ (出生于) in Malaysia in 1995.
⑤My teacher must ____________ (be) satisfied with my behavior, for there was a big smile on his face. 五、两种语态互变
☆主动语态变被动语态
宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟；
谓语主动变被动，be加“过分”来使用；
无论时态是那种，都在be上来变动。
1. 把主动语态的宾语当作被动语态的主语，注意代词的宾格要变为主格；
2. 把谓语变成被动结构(be +过去分词)，时态要跟原主动语态一致；
3. 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，若为代词，要将主格改为宾格。如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语可省略。例如：
主动句：People play football all over the world.
被动句：Football ____________ (by people) all over the world.
☆被动语态变主动语态
宾变主，主变宾，谓语被动变主动；
助动词be不再用，主要动词要原形。
被动句：This song was ________ (写) by Andy Lau.
主动句：Andy Lau ________ (写) this song.
六、特殊结构的被动语态
1. 双宾结构的被动语态
主动结构中如果有两个宾语，变成被动结构时，只将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语保留不变(即：变一留一)。如果把间接宾语变成主语，原来的直接宾语仍然作宾语；如果把直接宾语变成主语，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。例如：
主动句：I gave Tom a pencil.
被动句①：Tom was given a pencil (by me).
被动句②：A pencil was given ______ Tom (by me).
主动句：I bought Tom a pencil.
被动句①：Tom was bought a pencil (by me).
被动句②：A pencil was bought ______ Tom (by me). 2. 含复合宾语的被动语态
复合宾语变主动，只变宾语“补”不动，
原来“宾补”变“主补”，名称变了位不动。
当主动结构中含有复合宾语，即“宾语+宾语补足语”时，变成被动语态时只将宾语变成主语，而宾补原地不动，只不过成了主语补足语。例如：
①We all heard the boy crying. →The boy ___________ crying (by us all).
②The teacher asked the students to come early.
→The students ___________ to come early (by the teacher).
③The advertiser (报幕员) always makes the audience happy. →The audience is always ________________ by the advertiser.
④The man beat the boy black and blue. →The boy ___________ black and blue (by the man).
3. 含有使役、感官动词的被动语态
这类动词常见的有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe(五看)；let, have, make(三使役)；hear, listen to(二听)；feel(一感觉)；help(半帮助，因为后面的to可要可不要)。
在主动结构中，其宾补是不带to的不定式，但变成被动语态时，宾补已变成主补，因此不定式的符号to要恢复。例如：
①I saw him go there. →He ________________ to go there (by me).
②We heard him sing in the next room just now.
→He was heard ________________ in the next room just now (by us).
③She makes her daughter play the piano every day.
→Her daughter ________________ play the piano every day (by her).
④He often ________ his sister cry but this time he was ________ to cry by his sister. (make)
⑤They observed Jim go home. →Jim ________________ to go home (by them).
【记忆口诀】
五看加上三使役，二听一感半帮助；
动词不定式作宾补，切记to词要删除；如果宾补变主补，注意to词要恢复。【注】①notice，watch和have不常用于被动结构。
②let后跟单音节不定式做主语补足语时可不带to。例如：We were let go. 但我们通常
说：We were allowed to go.
4. 含有短语动词的被动语态
不及物动词不能跟宾语，因此不能用于被动语态，但不及物动词与介词或副词构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以用于被动语态。要注意的是，这样的短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变成被动语态时不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词，如look at, look for, look after, take care of, take off, send for等。例如：
①This story was happened in July, 2015. (×)
This story happened in July, 2015. (√)
②You must take good care of the dictionary. (√)
The dictionary must be taken good care of. (√)
5. 带宾语从句的句子
带宾语从句的句子变为被动语态时，应用形式主语it。例如：
People say that water is all around the city. →It’s said that water is all around the city.
七、主动形式表被动意义的几种情况
1. 有些不及物动词形式上虽为主动但表示被动意义
此类常见动词有write, grow, sell, wear, cut, drive等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。这些词通常与well, easily等副词连用。例如：
Meat cuts easily. 肉____________。
Ripe oranges peel easily. 成熟的橘子很容易________。The novel reads very well. 这本小说____________很有趣。
This shirt will wear very long. 这件衬衫可以____________。
This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很________。
He is a famous writer and his books sell well. 他是一位
著名的作家，他的书很________。
2. 有些感官动词的主动形式表示被动意义
常见的有taste, smell, feel, look, sound等。例如：
The music ________ very beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美妙。It will ________ better with some milk. 再加些牛奶的话，尝起来将会更好喝。
The boy sitting at the corner looks quite tired. _____________________________________ __
Enough sleep is good for health. If you stay up for your favourite TV programmes, you will ________ sleepy. 足够的睡眠对健康有好处。你如果熬夜看最喜欢的电视节目，将会感到困倦。
3. be worth + doing和need / require + doing结构
形容词worth(意为“值……”)和表示“需要做”的need / require 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。例如：
This book is so good that it is worth reading ________. 这本书很好，值得读两遍。
The window needs / requires r________. 窗户需要修理了。
4. 有些进行时和介词短语结构
有些进行时，形式上主动，但含被动之意；有些介词短语作表语，主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
The book is printing. = The book is being printed. 这本
书正在________中。
The house is building. = The house is being ________. 这栋房子正在建造中。
The dire was finally under control. 大火最终被________住了。
The question is now under discussion. 这个问题正在被________。
All these ancient ________ are under repairs. 所有这些古庙正在修复中。
5. 其他情况
当nice, easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语有时动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这是不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式也表达被动含义。例如：
The physics problem is not difficult to work out. 这个物理问题并不难弄懂。
They might feel they have too much work to do sometimes, or think the rules are too strict. 有时候他们会觉得他们有太多的动作要干，或者认为这些规章制度太________。
八、被动形式表主动意义的几种情况
1. 某些“动词+反身代词”结构，被动结构表示主动意义。例如：
She usually dresses herself in white. = She is usually dressed in white. 她通常穿白色衣服。
The boy seated himself by the bed. = The boy was seated by the bed. 小男孩坐在床边。
2. 有些不及物动词的过去分词如gone, come, returned, fallen, retired, graduated等表示主动意义。例如：
Next year I will be graduated. 明年我将要________了。My parents have already been retired. 我父母已经________了。
Winter is ________ and spring is ________. 冬天走了，春天来了。
九、被动语态与系表结构的区别
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。故“被动结构”与“系表结构”形式相似，但用法不同。
1. 被动语态强调动作，其主语是动作的对象，be动词后的过去分词是行为动词。系表结构说明主语的状态或特征，其中的过去分词用作形容词。例如：The window was broken by his brother. 窗户被他弟弟打破了。(____________)
The window is now broken. 窗户现在是破的。(____________)
The work ____________________ already. 我的作业
已经完成了。(被动语态)
The shop was closed when I got there. 我到商店时，商店__________呢。(系表结构)
2. 系表结构一般只用于一般现在时、一般过去时；而被动语态除了用于这两种时态外，还可以用于将来时、进行时和完成时。例如：
The shop is / was opened. 商店在营业。(系表结构)
______________________________, the ship was being loaded. 昨天我到达那里时，船正在装货。(被动语态) You will be shown around your room. 有人会带你________________________。(被动语态)
He said the library _______ soon __________. 他说图书馆很快将会被建起来。(被动语态)
3. 系表结构中的过去分词可被very, quite, rather, too, so等副词来修饰，被动语态结构一般不会用这些而用greatly等来修饰。例如：
He is very interested in the story. 他对这个故事很____________。(系表结构)
She is so worried about the exam. 她非常________她的考试。(系表结构)
I was greatly moved by his speech. 我被他的演讲深深________了。(被动语态)
4. be +不及物动词的过去分词通常是系表结构，如be gone, be learned, be ashamed，这些动词通常是表示状态、智力活动或心态的
词。而be +及物动词的过去分词通常是被动语态，如be loved, be encouraged, be praised等。例如：
But if time is gone away, it will never return. 光阴________________。(系表结构)
I ____________ to get there before seven tomorrow, so I’ll have to get up early. 我被告知明天7点前要到那里，所以我必须早起。(被动语态)
5. 被动语态的宾语常由介词by引起；系表结构的介词常常和过去分词形成固定搭配。例如：
The window was broken ________ a stone. 窗户是由一块石头打破的。(被动语态)
We are very satisfied ________ his work. 我们对他的工作很满意。(系表结构)
被动语态自我检测题(40分)
I．用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1. Some presents ____________ (buy) by my sister foe me every birthday.
2. The treasure box ____________ (hide) somewhere in the city 100 years ago.
3. When she did some shopping, her money ____________ (steal).
4. Li Ming ____________ (ask) to attend the meeting
yesterday.
5. Why ________ Australia ________ (call) “ a country on s sheep’s back”?
6. All the books on the shelf ___________________ (can not take) out of the reading room.
7. There was a sandstorm yesterday and the ground ____________ (cover) by thick snow.
8. I will go withyou when my homework ____________ (finish).
9. More than 1,000 English words ____________________ (learn) in the past three years.
10. All these books and clothes ____________________ (give) away to the children next week.
II. 单项选择。
11. —Some of the plastic bags can’t ________ after July 1st.
—Yes, people will use environment-friendly bags instead.
A. use
B. be use
C. be used
D. are used
12. Last year, Li Hua, a college student, ________ to work for the Olympic Games.
A. is choosing
B. is chosen
C. was choosing
D. was chosen
13. —Mary was heard ________ just now. What happened? —Ken was telling a joke.
A. to laugh
B. to cry
C. laugh
D. cry
14. Attentions, please! All the mobile phones must ________ before the meeting starts.
A. turn off
B. be turned off
C. be turning off
D. turning off
15. A Disneyland Park ________ in our city in the near future. Have you heard of it?
A. builds
B. has built
C. will build
D. will be built
16. —Have you found your ruler yet?
—Yes. It ________ in my bag two hours ago.
A. has found
B. found
C. was found
D. has been found
17. My story book ________. I can’t lend it to you.
A. has been lost
B. was lost
C. has lost
D. lost
18. —There’s too much salt in the Chinese diet.
—So there is. The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt ________ for each man every day.
A. needs
B. will need
C. is needed
D. has needed
19.Don’t worry. When I leave the room, the door ________ by me.
A. was locked
B. is locked
C. will be locked
D. should be locked
20. Could you please tell me which ________ best among the books on sale?
A. is sold
B. are written
C. sells
D. write
21. Oh, the milk ________ strange, do you think it’s OK to drink?
A. is tasted
B. tastes
C. is tasting
D. tasted
22. Some drinks ________ to children for free in this restaurant on Children’s Day next month.
A. offer
B. have offered
C. will be offered
D. are offered
23. —How clean the window is!
—Yes. It ________ just now.
A. is cleaned
B. has been cleaned
C. will be cleaned
D. was cleaned
24. It’s reported the Underground No. 3 ________ in our city in two months.
A. will be built
B. will build
C. has been built
D. has build
25. Few students can understand the sentence until it ________ twice or three times.
A. explains
B. has explained
C. will be explained
D. is explained
26. —Did you hear that water in Qin River smelt terrible? —Yes, in fact, it ________. That’s all because of the people and the factories around.
A. was polluted
B. polluted
C. has polluted
D. will pollute
27. I’ll show you the photos ________ in Congtai Park after they ________.
A. were taken; are come out
B. taken; come out
C. were taken; will come out
D. taken; are come out
28. —Can you tell me whom the radio ________ by? —Sorry, I’ve no idea.
A. invents
B. invented
C. was invented
D. will be invented
29. No one knows how the huge rock ________ and ________ without modern machines eight
hundreds years ago.
A. are cut; moved
B. were cut; move
C. are cut; moving
D. were cut; moved
30. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should ________ to go to the bars.
A. allow
B. allowing
C. be allowed
D. be allowing
III. 将下列句子改成被动语态。
31. They should do it at once.
_____________________________________
________________________________
32. He is likely to let you down.
_____________________________________ ________________________________
33. We built the bridge last year.
_____________________________________ ________________________________
34. She has found her lost handbags.
_____________________________________ ________________________________
35. You may write the letter in pencil.
_____________________________________ ________________________________
36. My uncle showed me his new photo.
_____________________________________ ________________________________
37. People speak English in many countries.
_____________________________________ ________________________________
38. Women often talk about clothes and foods.
_____________________________________ ________________________________
39. Her mother told her not to waste time on fishing. _____________________________________ ________________________________
40. You must not take these magazines out of the reading room.
_____________________________________ ________________________________
参考答案
被动语态自我检测题(40分)
I．用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1. are bought
2. was hidden
3. was stolen
4. was asked
5. is, called
6. can’t be taken
7. was covered
8. is finished
9. have been learned 10. will be given
II. 单项选择。
11-15. CDABD 16-20. DACCB 21-25. BCDAD 26-30. ABCDC
III. 将下列句子改成被动语态。
31. It should be done at once (by them).
32. You are likely to let down (by him).
33. The bridge was built last year (by us).
34. Her lost handbags have been found (by her).
35. The letter may be written in pencil (by you).
36. I was showed my uncle’s new photo (by him).
/ My uncle’s new photo was showed to me (by him).
37. English is spoken in many countries (by people).
38. Clothes and foods are often talked about by women.
39. Shewas told not to waste time on fishing (by her mother).
40. These magazines mustn’t be taken out of the reading room (by you).
英语基础语法大全
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2．The committee ______ (have) decided to give the workers more financial help．3．Why he entered the house and how he managed to get out of it without being seen by people ______ (remain) a mystery to us all． 4．Three years in a strange land ______(seem) like a long time． 5．He is one of those men who never ______(care) how they look． 6．Law and order ______(mean) different things to people with different political opinions． 7．She’s the only one of these women who ______ (play) bridge well． 8．After the exams ______(be) the time to relax． 9．War and peace ______(be) a constant theme in history． 10．How is it that your answer and your neighbour’s ______(be) identical? 11．If either of you ______(take) a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work． 12．One third of the population ______(be) working in factories． 13．There ______(be) a bed and two sofas in the room． 14．What he left me ______(be) three small rooms. 15．The crowd at the basketball game ______(be) wild with excitement. 16．None of the students ______(have)finished the exam yet． 17．A large crowd of people ______(have) gathered under the Town Hall clock．18．All but he and I ______(be) going to the Exhibition． 19．Each soldier and sailor ______(be) given a gun． 20．Attending on campus concerts ______ (be) part of the pleasure of college life．21．There ______(be) more than one answer to your question． 22．A number of pages ______(be) found missing． 23．This is one of the books that ______(tell) an authentic story of World War Two．24．The cat with her kittens ______(be) sitting in the sun． 25．What ______(be) your weekly wages? 26．Bacon and eggs ______(make) a hearty breakfast for a growing boy．27．Dancing and skating ______(be) my chief delights． 28．Only one of the students who______(have) read the article can answer the question． 29．John is the only student who ______(have) read the book． 30．The number of secretaries in this company ______(be)never under 100．31．Five hundred dollars ______(be) spent yesterday. 32．It is I who ______(be) responsible for this. 33．To visit the parks and museums ______(be) really enjoyable． 34．Every word and phrase in this dictionary ______(be) important． 35．What he wants ______(be) a recorder and a radio． 36．There ______(be) many a reason why this book sells well． 37．What caused the damage of these cars ______(remain) unknown． 38．Two thirds of my friends ______(have) been abroad． 39．Two thirds of the crop ______(have) been damaged by the storm． 40．The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ______(have) been translated into many languages． 41．A thousand miles no longer ______ much to us today,for modern jets can easily get us over this distance within a few hours． A)meant B)mean C)means D)will mean 42．It is reported that about two-thirds of the factory’s property _______ in the fire． A)are lost B)have been lost
英语语法基础知识大全.doc
v1.0可编辑可修改 英语语法基础知识大全 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词 类（ parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词 和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词 (noun) 是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner 外国人 soap肥皂Newton 牛顿 law法律freedom 自由peace 和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词 (common noun) 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 教师market 市场 rice大米 magazine 杂志sound 声音 production生产 2。专有名词 (proper noun) 是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway 海明威Russia俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun) 与不可数名词 (uncountable noun) 两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s 或 -es 。例如：shop→shops 商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy →toys玩具leaf →leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men 男人 tooth →teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词
英语语法大全(完整版)
【学英语必看】 《英语语法手册》 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把 听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个 句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要 了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。
高考英语语法练习题精选200题
高考英语语法练习题精选（一）100题 1. —I put him down for a well-educated man. —___________ ? —I mean that he's a well-educated man. A. I beg your pardon B. Speak louder, will you C. What's that D. Will you repeat word for word 2. He__________ he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to took difficult. A. hopes B. was hoping C. had hoped D. hoped 3. —ou___________ stop me. —Even if you __________it, I won't allow you to swim across the river. A. mustn't; dare not do B. may ; dare not do C. can; dare to do D. needn't; dare do 4. ___________she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. If B. That C. When D. Because 5. She had golden hair when she was a child, but_________ she got older and older, her hair went darker and darker. A. while B. when C. after D. as 6. I lost my way in complete darkness and, matters worse, it began to rain. A. made B. having made C. making D. to make 7. I often have conversations with John over telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by__________ letter. A. 不填;;the B. 不填;a C. the;不填 D. the; a 8. The most favorite room is the tidy study with a fireplace, we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside. A. where B. when C. that D. which 9. —You don't seem to be quite yourself today. What's wrong? —Oh, I'm suffering from a cold. Nothing serious, A. yet B. indeed C. though D. anyway 10.___________lessons were not difficult. A. Our few first short English B. Our first few short English C. Our few first English short D. Few our first English short 11. Mr. Smith sold that magnificent cottage of his on the sea 2,000,000 dollars. A. at B. for C. to D. by 12. —Which one can I take? —-You can take__________ of them; I'll keep none. A. both B. any C. either D. all 13. What a pity! He____________ the only chance of success. A. threw away B. put down C. gave in D. broke off 14. —Come in, please. Make yourself at home. —I'm glad you like it. A. Thanks. You have a nice place here. B. Oh, this picture is so beautiful! C. Thanks. What nice food you've prepared! D OK. Let me look around your new house. 15. _________ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved 16. —How much is the T-shirt ___________? —65 dollars. A. worth B. cost C worthy D. paid