学术英语ppt
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学术英语(社科)-Unit1含答案ppt
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
What is the author trying to prove?
What is the author assuming I will agree with?
Do you agree with the author?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Critical reading and thinking
Activities
Example 2: water vs. diamond
Why is water so cheap, while diamonds are so
expensive?
water
Necessary for survival
diamond
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Example 3: a seat belt law
American laws require seat belts as standard equipment on new cars.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
marginal cost: 边际成本 the additional cost from an increase in an activity
学术英语ppt课件
学术英语的重要性
1 2
促进国际学术交流
学术英语是国际学术界的通用语言，掌握学术英 语能够使学者更好地参与国际学术交流，分享研 究成果。
提高研究质量
严谨、准确的学术语言有助于提高研究论文的质 量和说服力，使研究得到更广泛的认可。
3
增强跨文化交流能力
学术英语能够帮助学者了解不同文化背景下的学 术观点和研究方法，促进跨文化交流与合作。
。
04
学术英语听说
学术报告的听讲技巧
01
02
03
提前预习
提前了解报告的主题和背 景，有助于更好地理解报 告内容。
集中注意力
在报告过程中，尽量保持 注意力集中，避免错过重 要信息。
做笔记
对于重要的观点和数据， 及时做笔记以便后续回顾 。
学术讨论的参与技巧
提问与回答
积极参与讨论，对于不理解的问题及时提问，同 时对于别人的问题也要认真回答。
学术论文的写作技巧
逻辑清晰
组织论文结构合理，逻辑清晰，使读者易于 理解。
条理分明
分段论述，标明小标题，突出重点和层次感 。
图表辅助
利用图表、表格等形式辅助说明研究结果和 数据。
03
学术英语阅读
学术文献的查找与筛选
重要步骤
在进行学术研究时，查找和筛选合适的学术文献是至关重要的第一步。可以通过学术数据库、图书馆 、学术搜索引擎等途径查找相关文献。在筛选文献时，应关注文献的学术声誉、研究方法和结论的可 靠性。
提出观点
在讨论中积极发表自己的观点，但要确保论据充 分、逻辑清晰。
尊重他人
在讨论中要尊重他人的观点，避免过于情绪化或 攻击性的言辞。
学术演讲的表达技巧
结构清晰
学术英语(医学)Unit 1演示PPT
• Language building-up – Signpost language – Formal English – Vocabulary test
• Suggested answers
8
Unit 1 Doctors’ Life
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Useful expressions
• a 56-year-old woman • somewhat overweight • reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension • cholesterol on the high side without any medications for
Questions for discussion
• How do you interpret the title?
– neuron overload – juggling physician
9
Unit 1
Text A
Doctors’ Life
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
1 Do you agree that it is sheer neuron overload on the doctor side that leads to the complaint that doctors don’t listen?
• neuron overload • patients’ high expectations • mistrust and misunderstanding between the
学术英语理工Unit.ppt
1 a(n) symbolic (象征的) gesture of love 2 The publisher distribute (分发) the book in Asia. 3 A “ site ” (地点) is a place, and so a website. 4 a(n) complex (复杂的) network of systems 5 be used to identify (识别) potential terrorists 6 deal the matter with him physically (完全地) 7 start with a pretty straightforward (直截了当) question 8 beyond the capability (功能) of the computers 9 hit the target (目标) at a distance 10 the person never attempt (尝试) to do anything more 11 a highly sophisticated process (过程)
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
What topic does each essay address? Do you think they are appropriate according to the four principles mentioned on Page 2?
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Match the words with their definitions.
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
What topic does each essay address? Do you think they are appropriate according to the four principles mentioned on Page 2?
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Match the words with their definitions.
学术英语 综合 Unit 3 PPT
Unit 3
Psychology
Text A In-depth analysis
1. Contribute as much as possible what you know about the following: • optimism • pessimism
Unit 3
Psychology
Text A Supplementary information
Unit 3
Psychology
Unit Objectives
6. Researching • Independently locate and study a variety of resources (articles, books, videos, etc.) to know more about the study of psychology 7. Academic language and discourse • Know what is collocation • Acquire some specialized vocabulary in psychology • Understand the differences between comparison and contrast • Comprehend stylistic differences between formal and informal English and acquire some formal expressions
Unit 3
Psychology
Text B Text Analysis
4. Do Task 2/ Critical Reading and Thinking/ Text B in groups of 4-5 to discuss whether it’s almost impossible not to judge an individual by their appearance in today’s society.
学术英语综合ppt课件
lecture
4. Speaking • Ask for information and clarification in a
polite and effective way • Learn to do interviews and report the
findings in an oral presentation
What is EAP?
English for Academic Purposes/EAP
内容：教材分为《学术英语》综合、 人文、理工、社科等。我们的课程 分为读学科主题文章、听专业相关 讲座、练学术口语、写学科专业论 文以及做学科相关研究等环节。
目标：训练对信息的获取、分析、整 合、利用能力；提高学生撰写学期论 文及学术论文的技能；帮助学生过度 到专业双语课程及全英课程学习；全 面培养学生的学业能力、思辨创新能 力和解决实际问题的学术研究能力。
Unit 1
Economics
Unit Contents
Unit objectives Text A Text B Text C Academic language and discourse Listening Speaking Writing
Unit 1
Economics
Unit Objectives
acquire some specialized vocabulary of economics • Understand the functions of parenthetical statements • Comprehend stylistic differences between formal and informal English and acquire some formal expressions
4. Speaking • Ask for information and clarification in a
polite and effective way • Learn to do interviews and report the
findings in an oral presentation
What is EAP?
English for Academic Purposes/EAP
内容：教材分为《学术英语》综合、 人文、理工、社科等。我们的课程 分为读学科主题文章、听专业相关 讲座、练学术口语、写学科专业论 文以及做学科相关研究等环节。
目标：训练对信息的获取、分析、整 合、利用能力；提高学生撰写学期论 文及学术论文的技能；帮助学生过度 到专业双语课程及全英课程学习；全 面培养学生的学业能力、思辨创新能 力和解决实际问题的学术研究能力。
Unit 1
Economics
Unit Contents
Unit objectives Text A Text B Text C Academic language and discourse Listening Speaking Writing
Unit 1
Economics
Unit Objectives
acquire some specialized vocabulary of economics • Understand the functions of parenthetical statements • Comprehend stylistic differences between formal and informal English and acquire some formal expressions
国际学术交流英语ppt课件
• (姓名、职业、现任
职务、学术成果、社会活动、其他个人信 息) • 3. 发言顺序 • 4. 邀请第一位演讲人
Task 1 介绍发言人
• Ⅰ Before listening, please read the useful patterns and expressions often used in introducing a a speaker in the data bank.
Unit Three 会议发言
• Ⅰ常用词汇：
• 1.回顾常用的会议用语
Unit Three 会议发言
• Ⅰ常用词汇：
• 1.会议用语
• Meeting
• 普通用词，词义广泛。指一般性的会议，可用于 各种场合。
• e.g. •
• 峰会 • a summit meeting • 参加会议 • attend a meeting
• a farewell meeting
• 联欢会
• a convivial meeting
• 筹备会议
• preparatory meeting
Unit Three 会议发言
• Ⅰ常用词汇：
• Conference
• （通常持续几天的大型正式）会议, 如政府工作会 议、国际学术交流会议、各国之间的协商、会谈 等。
• 研讨会、专题报告 symposium (pl.
symposia/symposium)
• is a kind of meeting, but if refers exclusively to the meetings for specialized academic discussion.
• The symposium on AIDS research lasted two days.
职务、学术成果、社会活动、其他个人信 息) • 3. 发言顺序 • 4. 邀请第一位演讲人
Task 1 介绍发言人
• Ⅰ Before listening, please read the useful patterns and expressions often used in introducing a a speaker in the data bank.
Unit Three 会议发言
• Ⅰ常用词汇：
• 1.回顾常用的会议用语
Unit Three 会议发言
• Ⅰ常用词汇：
• 1.会议用语
• Meeting
• 普通用词，词义广泛。指一般性的会议，可用于 各种场合。
• e.g. •
• 峰会 • a summit meeting • 参加会议 • attend a meeting
• a farewell meeting
• 联欢会
• a convivial meeting
• 筹备会议
• preparatory meeting
Unit Three 会议发言
• Ⅰ常用词汇：
• Conference
• （通常持续几天的大型正式）会议, 如政府工作会 议、国际学术交流会议、各国之间的协商、会谈 等。
• 研讨会、专题报告 symposium (pl.
symposia/symposium)
• is a kind of meeting, but if refers exclusively to the meetings for specialized academic discussion.
• The symposium on AIDS research lasted two days.
学术英语 综合 Unit 1 PPT
学术英语 综合
Academic English — An Integrated Course
What is EAP?
English for Academic Purposes/EAP 内容：教材分为《学术英语》综合、 人文、理工、社科等。我们的课程 分为读学科主题文章、听专业相关 讲座、练学术口语、写学科专业论 文以及做学科相关研究等环节。
Unit 1
Economics
Unit Objectives
3. Listening • Make predictions about the content of a lecture 4. Speaking • Ask for information and clarification in a polite and effective way • Learn to do interviews and report the findings in an oral presentation
Unit 1
Economics
Text A Lead-in
How do you celebrate Spring Festival? Write down your activities in the table in the textbook and analyze whose skill and labor are required to make these activities possible.
Giving thanks for the 'invisible hand'
1. GRATITUDE TO THE ALMIGHTY is the theme of Thanksgiving, and has been ever since the Pilgrims of Plymouth brought in their first good harvest……Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts — for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace at home in a time of war, for the incalculable privilege of having been born — or having become — American.
Academic English — An Integrated Course
What is EAP?
English for Academic Purposes/EAP 内容：教材分为《学术英语》综合、 人文、理工、社科等。我们的课程 分为读学科主题文章、听专业相关 讲座、练学术口语、写学科专业论 文以及做学科相关研究等环节。
Unit 1
Economics
Unit Objectives
3. Listening • Make predictions about the content of a lecture 4. Speaking • Ask for information and clarification in a polite and effective way • Learn to do interviews and report the findings in an oral presentation
Unit 1
Economics
Text A Lead-in
How do you celebrate Spring Festival? Write down your activities in the table in the textbook and analyze whose skill and labor are required to make these activities possible.
Giving thanks for the 'invisible hand'
1. GRATITUDE TO THE ALMIGHTY is the theme of Thanksgiving, and has been ever since the Pilgrims of Plymouth brought in their first good harvest……Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts — for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace at home in a time of war, for the incalculable privilege of having been born — or having become — American.
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✓ 现在我们想要找到一个，如果B站的衔接还待定时，在B 站连接到达和出发列车的总衔接时间的表达。
Sentences pattern
This paper is structured as follows : ✓In §2 we describe … ✓Section 3 deals with ... ✓ Section 4 focuses on … ✓Next, in §5 we describe … ✓ Section 6 presents the case involving … ✓ The paper is finished with … in §7.
✓ 然而，本文描述动车组交路接续和旅客接续如何用一种灵 活的方式在PESP模型中建模，这样的灵活性会引导生成在 旅客接续时间、运行时间、停站时间或者时刻表所需的动 车组运用数量等方面更优的时刻表。
introduction
introduction
structures
This paper is structured as follows
content
abstract
✓ In this paper we describe how rolling stock and passenger connections in a cyclic railway timetable can be modeled in a flexible way within the model for the Periodic EventScheduling Problem (PESP). Usually, PESP models assume that the constraints for rolling stock or passenger connections specify in detail which trains should connect with each other.
✓ 然而，本文中所提出的灵活性允许模型去选择在动车组交 路接续和旅客接续中列车的接续。依据特定过程的时间变 量得到最小到发列车配对，我们用它来表达接续时间。
abstract
✓ We also describe an abstract framework demonstrating that, under certain conditions, the extra flexibility can be modeled purely in terms of PESP constraints. The concept of flexible rolling stock and passenger connections is illustrated by an example based on three intercity lines of Netherlands Railways.
✓ 我们也描述一个简明的框架证明，在特定情况下，可以只 依据PESP约束表示出其他额外的灵活性。关于灵活的动车 组交路接续和旅客接续概念，我们用一个基于荷兰铁路三 条城际线路的例子来说明。
Key words
✓ cyclic railway timetabling; ✓ rolling stock and passenger connections; ✓ PESP
✓ However, in this paper we describe how the rolling stock and passenger connections can be modeled in a flexible way within the PESP model, thereby leading to better timetables with respect to passenger connection times, running and dwell times, or the number of train compositions required to operate the timetable.
Sentences pattern
✓ Note that … 注意… （表示解释说明） ✓ With respect to 关于，至于 ✓ In terms of 依据，根据 ✓ For the sake of clarity，…. 清晰起见，….
Summary and conclusions
✓ In this paper we illustrated that a priori fixing the rolling stock or passenger connections in a PESP model may lead to suboptimal solutions if the involved trains are operated more than once per hour. It may even lead to infeasibility for instances where a feasible solution would exist if the connections were selected in the right way. These results were illustrated by a case based on three intercity lines of Netherlands Railways, the largest operator of passenger trains in the Netherlands.
✓ 在本章，我们依据每个方向有两列车的案例的约束图中特 定圈的圈变量介绍以整数线性g sentences 2
✓ Furthermore, when minimizing either of the three objectives, the other objectives are taken into account with a tiny weight in order to minimize them, given the minimal value of the main objective.
✓ 文章中我们举例说明了PESP模型中，如果一小时开行一列以上列车 的话，一个提前固定的动车组交路和旅客接续可能导致次优解。而 且在存在最优解且接续选择正确的情况下，在案例中有可能导致不 可行解。这些结果在案例中得到验证，案例是基于荷兰铁路的三条 城际线路，荷兰铁路是荷兰最大的旅客列车运营商。
Summary and conclusions
✓ Using the well-known method for translating pairs of disjunctive constraints in a PESP model into pairs of conjunctive constraints, we described the rolling stock and passenger connections in a flexible way so that the model can choose between the different options.
introduction
✓ The Periodic Event-Scheduling Problem (PESP), introduced by Serafini and Ukovich (1989), can be used for scheduling a number of periodically recurring events. Railway operators use the PESP model to develop cyclic timetables. The usual PESP model for cyclic railway timetables uses fixed rolling stock and passenger connections to develop the timetable.
✓ 运用常用的方法将PESP模型中的单个约束转换成连续的约 束，我们用一种灵活的方式描述动车组交路和旅客接续使 得模型可以有不同的选择。
Summary and conclusions
✓ For the case of two trains per hour in both directions, we expressed the number of train compositions needed to operate the timetable in terms of the cycle variables of certain cycles in the constraint graph. For the more general case, we expressed the total connection time in a matching of the arriving and departing trains in terms of certain process time variables, based on the method described by Villumsen (2006). This can then be used to determine the number of train compositions needed to operate the timetable.
✓ 此外，当最小化三个目标中的任何一个时，另外的几个目 标就考虑赋给它们很小的权值以最小化他们，得到主要目 标的最小值。
Long sentences 3
✓ Now we want to find an expression for the total connection time between the arrivals and departures that connect with each other in station B if the connections in station B are still to be determined.
Sentences pattern
This paper is structured as follows : ✓In §2 we describe … ✓Section 3 deals with ... ✓ Section 4 focuses on … ✓Next, in §5 we describe … ✓ Section 6 presents the case involving … ✓ The paper is finished with … in §7.
✓ 然而，本文描述动车组交路接续和旅客接续如何用一种灵 活的方式在PESP模型中建模，这样的灵活性会引导生成在 旅客接续时间、运行时间、停站时间或者时刻表所需的动 车组运用数量等方面更优的时刻表。
introduction
introduction
structures
This paper is structured as follows
content
abstract
✓ In this paper we describe how rolling stock and passenger connections in a cyclic railway timetable can be modeled in a flexible way within the model for the Periodic EventScheduling Problem (PESP). Usually, PESP models assume that the constraints for rolling stock or passenger connections specify in detail which trains should connect with each other.
✓ 然而，本文中所提出的灵活性允许模型去选择在动车组交 路接续和旅客接续中列车的接续。依据特定过程的时间变 量得到最小到发列车配对，我们用它来表达接续时间。
abstract
✓ We also describe an abstract framework demonstrating that, under certain conditions, the extra flexibility can be modeled purely in terms of PESP constraints. The concept of flexible rolling stock and passenger connections is illustrated by an example based on three intercity lines of Netherlands Railways.
✓ 我们也描述一个简明的框架证明，在特定情况下，可以只 依据PESP约束表示出其他额外的灵活性。关于灵活的动车 组交路接续和旅客接续概念，我们用一个基于荷兰铁路三 条城际线路的例子来说明。
Key words
✓ cyclic railway timetabling; ✓ rolling stock and passenger connections; ✓ PESP
✓ However, in this paper we describe how the rolling stock and passenger connections can be modeled in a flexible way within the PESP model, thereby leading to better timetables with respect to passenger connection times, running and dwell times, or the number of train compositions required to operate the timetable.
Sentences pattern
✓ Note that … 注意… （表示解释说明） ✓ With respect to 关于，至于 ✓ In terms of 依据，根据 ✓ For the sake of clarity，…. 清晰起见，….
Summary and conclusions
✓ In this paper we illustrated that a priori fixing the rolling stock or passenger connections in a PESP model may lead to suboptimal solutions if the involved trains are operated more than once per hour. It may even lead to infeasibility for instances where a feasible solution would exist if the connections were selected in the right way. These results were illustrated by a case based on three intercity lines of Netherlands Railways, the largest operator of passenger trains in the Netherlands.
✓ 在本章，我们依据每个方向有两列车的案例的约束图中特 定圈的圈变量介绍以整数线性g sentences 2
✓ Furthermore, when minimizing either of the three objectives, the other objectives are taken into account with a tiny weight in order to minimize them, given the minimal value of the main objective.
✓ 文章中我们举例说明了PESP模型中，如果一小时开行一列以上列车 的话，一个提前固定的动车组交路和旅客接续可能导致次优解。而 且在存在最优解且接续选择正确的情况下，在案例中有可能导致不 可行解。这些结果在案例中得到验证，案例是基于荷兰铁路的三条 城际线路，荷兰铁路是荷兰最大的旅客列车运营商。
Summary and conclusions
✓ Using the well-known method for translating pairs of disjunctive constraints in a PESP model into pairs of conjunctive constraints, we described the rolling stock and passenger connections in a flexible way so that the model can choose between the different options.
introduction
✓ The Periodic Event-Scheduling Problem (PESP), introduced by Serafini and Ukovich (1989), can be used for scheduling a number of periodically recurring events. Railway operators use the PESP model to develop cyclic timetables. The usual PESP model for cyclic railway timetables uses fixed rolling stock and passenger connections to develop the timetable.
✓ 运用常用的方法将PESP模型中的单个约束转换成连续的约 束，我们用一种灵活的方式描述动车组交路和旅客接续使 得模型可以有不同的选择。
Summary and conclusions
✓ For the case of two trains per hour in both directions, we expressed the number of train compositions needed to operate the timetable in terms of the cycle variables of certain cycles in the constraint graph. For the more general case, we expressed the total connection time in a matching of the arriving and departing trains in terms of certain process time variables, based on the method described by Villumsen (2006). This can then be used to determine the number of train compositions needed to operate the timetable.
✓ 此外，当最小化三个目标中的任何一个时，另外的几个目 标就考虑赋给它们很小的权值以最小化他们，得到主要目 标的最小值。
Long sentences 3
✓ Now we want to find an expression for the total connection time between the arrivals and departures that connect with each other in station B if the connections in station B are still to be determined.