基础英语第一册unit13
人教版九年级英语UNIT 13第十三单元课件全单元
2b Listen again and complete the sentences.
1. The air is badly polluted because there are
• 1 There are other advantages of bike riding . 骑车有其它的优点
• 2 I think simple things like bringing a bag to go shopping can help
• 我认为最简单的事情像带包去购物会起到帮助
• 3 our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future
• 我们的行动会起作用并且会有更好的未来
用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
cost wooden, coal , bottom, litter
1. Don't throw __li_tt_e_r__(垃圾) everywhere. 2. In winter, many people burn _c_o_a_l__(煤) to keep warm. 3. The police found a body at the _b_o_tt_o_m___(底部) of the lake. 4. The _c_o_s_t__(花费) of living in big cities is very
Interviewer: Great ideas! What about waste pollution?
Susan: Mmm, I think simple things like bringing a bag to go shopping can help. I started doing that a year ago.
大学英语精读第一册unit1—10单词
1.s trategy n. 策略2.m eans n.方法,手段3.d iligence n.勤勉,用功diligent a.4.p rolonged a.持续很久的,长时间的5.p rolong vt.延长,拖延6.n evertheless ad.然而,尽管如此7.c ommand n.掌握8.s ustained a.持久的,坚持不懈的9.s ustain vt. 保持,使继续下去10.helpful a.有帮助的,乐于助人的plain vi.抱怨12.memorize vt.记住,背熟13.cram vt.把…塞满14.bound a.一定的,很可能的15.constant a.经常的,不断的mit vt.把…托付给17.acquaintance n.了解,认识,熟人18.concentrate v.集中注意力,专心19.effective a.有效的20.route n.途径,路线21.enlarge v.扩大,放大22.vocabulary n.词汇(量)23.idiom n.习语,成语age n.惯用法25.basis n.方法,基础26.addition n.增加,加法27.repetition n.重复28.opportunity n.机会municate v.交流情况,沟通30.enjoyable a.令人愉快的31.campus n.校园32.rehearsal n.排演,预演33.partner n.同伴34.instance n.事例35.detail n.详情,细节36.purchase n.购买,购置物vt.购买37.environment n.环境38.reliable a.可靠的39.source n.来源,出处40.handle vt.处理,对付41.apart ad.相距,分开地42.assign vt.分配(任务)给某人43.motivation n.动机,动力44.motivate vt.使有动机45.culture n.文化46.summarize vt.总结,概括47.accumulation n.积累48.absorb vt.汲取,吸收by no means决不at fault有过错at a time每次be bound to肯定会commit to memory记住watch out for密切注意learn of/about得知,听说on a regular/daily/weekly basis经常、每天、每周in addition to除...之外over and over again反复seek out寻找feel free随意for instance例如in detail详细地act out将...表演出来apart from除...之外put ...into practice把...付诸实践49.determined a.下定决心的50.determine v. determination n.51.retire vi.退休52.voyage n.航海,航行53.crew n.全体船员54.steer vt.为…掌舵,驾驶55.device n.设备,装置56.gale n.大风57.previous a.以前的,过早的58.dissuade vt.劝阻59.treacherous a.暗藏危险的,奸诈的60.cape n.海角61.fortunately ad.幸运地,幸亏62.contact vt.联系,接触63.nearby ad.在附近64.following a.接着的,下列的65.waken v.唤醒,醒来66.nightmare n.噩梦67.drag vt.托,拉68.sinister a.凶恶的,邪恶的69.knight n.爵士vt.封…为爵士70.sword n.剑,刀71.accomplish vt.完成72.adventurer n.冒险家73.conquer vt.征服74.undoubtedly ad.无疑地75.moreover ad.此外,而且76.being n.生物,人77.rare a.罕见的,不常发生的78.occasion n.时刻,时机,场合79.mayor n.市长80.content a.满意的,高兴的81.primary a.最初的,首要的,根本的82.arrange vi.作安排,筹划83.minor a.较小的,次要的84.operate vi.开刀,动手术85.funeral n.葬礼86.efficient a.高效的87.decade n.十年88.endure vt.忍受,忍耐89.mint n.薄荷糖90.slipper n.拖鞋91.un seal ed a.未密封的92.parcel n.包裹93.reluctant a.不情愿的,勉强的94.flutter vi.飘动95.stoop vi.弯腰96.tremble vi.颤抖Unit 41.Worthwhile a.值得花时间的2.current a.当前的3.social a.社会的4.activity n.活动5.prohibit vt.禁止6.reasonable a.(人)讲道理的,合理的7.proposal n.提议,建议8.distract vt. 分散(思想)9.actually ad.真实地,实际上10.gap n.缺口11.divorce n.离婚12.rate n.率13.failure n.失败,失败的人14.disturb vt.打扰,使烦恼15.emotional a.感情的16.pastime n.消遣,娱乐17.sunset n.日落18.neighborhood n.临近地区,地段19.sdult n.成年人20.entertainment n.快乐,乐趣,娱乐21.typical a.典型的22.barely ad.仅仅,勉强,几乎没有23.literate a.能读写的,有文化的24.radical a.激进的25.electronic a.电子的26.involve vt.(必须)包括27.imagination n.想象力28.invent vt.发明29.illustrate vt.给…插图,举例说明30.genius n.天才31.semester n.学期32.embarrass vt.使窘迫,使尴尬33.astonish vt.惊讶34.publish vt.出版,发行,发布35.dumb a.愚蠢的,哑的36.recipe n.食谱,烹饪法37.graduate v.(大学)毕业38.minus a.低于零的,负数的prep.减去undry n.洗衣店40.ancient a.很旧的,古代的41.random n.任意,无目的行动a.任意的42.manuscript n.手稿a.手写的43.nonsense n.胡说,废话,荒谬的想法44.package n.包装袋,包,盒45.enclose vt.附上,围住46.illustration n.插图47.chapter n.章。
法律英语核心教程 (第一册)unit-13
Unit 13Legal Environment of BusinessText I Government Regulation of BusinessDictionary Workbyword, ruthless, unscrupulous, tycoon, aggressive, profiteer, altruistic, terse, hovering, undercut, dubious, crafty, latitude, intervene, abuse,, empower, unconstitutional, interpret, interstate, intrastate,Pre-reading Questions1.What is government regulation of business?2.Why is government regulation necessary to business?3.How does the government exercise its regulatory power over business?Historical Evolution of Government Regulation1It’s important to understand that regulation hasn’t always been with us. Relatively speaking, it’s a rather novel idea if one takes the long historical view. America’s founders believed in a laissez-faire1–or “hands-off” –approach to the regulation of business. Business leaders took care of business, politicians took care of government, and the two groups left each other alone. Caveat emptor2, “let the buyer beware,” was the byword of the marketplace in the 1800’s. Moreover, there was little room for “friendly competition” in nineteenth century business transactions. With limited markets, hard-to-get supplies, and few production shortcuts, the business that hoped to survive often felt pressured into taking a fairly ruthless approach –wiping out competitors wherever opportunity permitted and taking full advantage of consumers not sufficiently wily to protect their own interests.2But by the late 1800s, too many competitors and consumers had fallen victim to unscrupulous business practices. Public opinion turned decidedly against the business tycoons, and this new philosophical tone set the stage for more aggressive laws3that sought to intervene in the marketplace. Despite widespread public support, however, early efforts at reform were not as successful as advocates had hoped. It was not until the late 1930s that it became generally accepted by lawmakers and the courts, that the Constitution did allow Congress fairly wide in in regulating commerce.3 In fact, today’s ongoing di scussions about the proper amount of governmental regulation are only the latest round in a debate – and, at times, fight – that is unlikely to end. Typically, business leaders insist that government interference does more harm than good. But many workers and citizens point to abuses of the past and present as proof of the dangers of unregulated industry. In general, legislators and federal agencies now tryto balance the ideal of the free marketplace with the less altruistic realities of human nature.4 Most observers these days agree that some form of government control is necessary. But where and how to apply that control has never been an easy issue to resolve. Few persons want to return to the days in which consumers took their chances in a marketplace where profiteering was an integral part of shrewd business management; yet, at the same time, almost no one favors the insufferable hovering of a government that involves itself in even the least important decisions.The Sources of Government Regulatory Power5 City, country, state, and federal administrative agencies together have created a web of regulations that govern how and under what circumstances a company is allowed to transact business, sell securities, set loan terms, ship freight, use resources, hire and fire employees, compete with rival firms, or negotiate labor contracts. You name it, and there’s probably some type of regulation to govern it.6 The government derives most of its power to regulate business from the U.S. Constitution’s “comme rce clause4,” which states that “The Congress shall have power … to regulate commerce among the several states.” This clause – together with the Constitution’s Article I, Section 8, which empowers Congress to levy taxes – are the twin pillars on which government regulation rests.7 The terse phrase among the several states allows some latitude in interpretation, and this has resulted in changes over time in the allowable scope of government control. At various points in its history, the commerce clause has been given a narrow interpretation; at other times, the interpretation has been considerably more extensive. At the heart of the issue is the debate over what constitutes interstate commerce (from inter, meaning between) versus intrastate commerce (from intra, meaning within). If the Supreme Court5interprets “interstate” commerce to include only the transportation of goods from one state to another, this is quite different from an interpretation that considers “interstate” commerce to be business practice s in one state (that is, intrastate) that affects business practices in another state. This distinction between intra-and inter state commerce is critical because the commerce clause allows Congress to regulate only that commerce that is among the several states.The Early Years of Regulation8 Early in the nineteenth century, the Supreme Court interpreted the commerce clause very broadly, giving the government power to regulate not only commerce that passed between states, but also “local” transactions that in some way “affected” interstate commerce. But this broad interpretation had little impact, since Congress left business pretty much alone to do as it wanted; the fact that the Supreme Court would permit broad regulation made little difference. As we noted earlier, however, by the end of the Civil War, workers and social advocates became increasingly upset with the overreaching practices of business, and Congress became more involved in attempting to regulate business practices. The passage of laws outlawing child labor andsixteen-hour workdays were major examples of this initial regulation.9 As Congress began to intervene in business practices this way, however, the Supreme Court also began to re-evaluate its interpretation of the commerce clause. It came to believe that federal power could only extend to those business transactions that in fact moved from one state to another – only these transactions met the definition of interstate commerce. It concluded that all other business transactions –even if their influence extended beyond a state’s boundaries – were part of intrastate commerce and, as such, beyond the reach of the federal government to regulate. So, ironically, as Congress became interested in passing regulatory law, the Supreme Court came to see those efforts as potentially unconstitutional. This conflict between what the public and Congress wanted and what business and the Supreme Court said the Constitution would allow continued until the late 1930s. But around that time, the Supreme Court again re-evaluated its interpretation of the commerce clause and concluded that Congress had the power to regulate any transactions by businesses that organized themselves on a national scale, not just those transactions that crossed state lines.The Current Regulatory Environment10 Today, the Supreme Court continues to reflect this broader reading of the commerce clause6, bringing it in line with the opinions held by the earliest Supreme Court views. Put simply, the current view is that the federal government can constitutionally not only regulate commerce that passes through or is transacted across two states, but also commerce that affects business in other states. Let’s consider an example to see how this works.11 Let’s say that Sharpe, a street vendor of chocolate-chip cookies, uses some questionable business practices to undercut his competitors in the Seattle business district cookie market. At this point, he is probably violating only local fair-business ordinances. But suppose Sharpe instead distributed packages of cookies to be sold in Seattle supermarkets. If Sharpe’s dubious practices are cutting into national markets, Sharpe may be charged with violating federal regulations –even though his is not a national company. Similarly, when business booms and Sharpe expands to form Northwest Cookies, a larger interstate company, he must either abandon his crafty methods of competition or risk running afoul of federal regulations. (1,156 words) Notes1. laissez-faire: let (people) do (as they choose). [尤指对商业活动的]自由放任的、不干涉的原则It’s a motto of 18th century French economists who protested excessive government regulation of industry. See: 1) the reaction against free trade and laissez-faire economy 2) a central position between laissez-faire and a planned economy2. Caveat emptor: Let the buyer beware. （购者当心，指货物出门概不退换原则）I t’s a maxim of the common law expressing the rule that the buyer purchases at his peril. Implied warranties in the sale of personal property are exceptions to the rule thus expressed. The maxim is applicable to salesof real estate in respect of conditions of the premises open to observation. The doctrine of the maxim applies in its utmost vigor and strictness to judicial sales, so that the purchaser takes upon himself the risk of finding outstanding rights that could have been asserted against the parties to the proceedings and which necessarily affect the title conveyed to him.3. more aggressive laws: referring to the multitude of laws, acts and statutes enacted in the late 19th century and also in the 20th century, for instance, the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890, the Clayton Act in 1914, the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Consumer Credit Protection Act, the Consumer Product Safety Act, the Clean Air Act, etc., to regulate business practices and protect customers and the environment, which are more forceful or threatening.merce clause: Art. 1, §8, cl. 3 of the United States Constitution which gives Congress exclusive powers to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes. 美国宪法商业条款5. the Supreme Court: the highest of the three-tier American federal court system. Established by the US Constitution, the Supreme Court is made up of nine justices and has both original and appellate jurisdiction. It also has the final responsibility for interpretation of the Constitution and federal statutes. 最高法院6. broad reading of the commerce clause: an interpretation of the meaning and extent of the commerce clause, which suggests an extensive scope of the commerce clause.Language Points1.With limited markets, hard-to-get supplies, and few production shortcuts, the business thathoped to survive often felt pressured into taking a fairly ruthless approach –wiping out competitors wherever opportunity permitted and taking full advantage of consumers not sufficiently wily to protect their own interests. (paragraph 1)Pay attention to the use of the verb-ing forms: wiping out competitors and taking full advantage of consumers. They are gerunds used here in apposition to the preceding noun phrase a fairly ruthless approach.2.It was not until the late 1930s that it became generally accepted by lawmakers and the courtsthat the Constitution did allow Congress fairly wide latitude in regulating commerce.(paragraph 2)Pay attention to the sentence pattern “It is/was not until … that + S + V”. It means the same as “S + do/does/did not +V + until …”. Hence, this sentence can be revised as: It didn’t become generally accepted by lawmakers and the courts until the late 1930s that the Constitution did allow Congress fairly wide latitude in regulating commerce.The pronoun it that follows the connective that is a nominal subject, standing for the real subject -- the noun clause that the Constitution did allow Congress fairly wide latitude in regulating commerce, which comes in the end of the sentence.3.Typically, business leaders insist that government interference does more harm than good.(paragraph3)Pay attention to the clause that follows the connective that. It’s a noun clause. A noun clause usually functions in the sentence as subject, object, prepositional object, or in apposition to the subject or object. There are other noun clauses in the text.4.It concluded that all other business transactions –even if their influence extended beyond astate’s boundaries –were part of intrastate commerce and, as such, beyond the reach of the federal government to regulate. (paragraph 9)Such here refers to the previous statement all other business transactions –even if their influence extended beyond a state’s boundaries –were part of intrastate commerce, and the insertion as such means because of this.5.Put simply, the current view is that the federal government can constitutionally not onlyregulate commerce that passes through or is transacted across two states, but also commerce that affects business in other states. (paragraph 10)Put simply here is a parenthetical phrase, meaning “to be put in short or to sum up”.6. Similarly, when business booms and Sharpe expands to form Northwest Cookies, a largerinterstate company, he must either abandon his crafty methods of competition or risk running afoul of federal regulations. (paragraph 11)Pay attention to the collocation risk running afoul of federal regulations. The verb risk is usually followed by a gerund or a noun. The collocation means to run the risk of getting into conflict with federal regulations.ComprehensionQuestions about the text1.What is a laissez-faire economy?2.What is the nature of government regulation of business in America?3.Why was there little room for “friendly competition” in the 19th century businesstransactions?4.Where does the government’s power to regulate bus iness mainly come from?5.What is the most satisfactory government regulation as history shows?6.What is the scope of government regulation in U.S. business?7.Was the Congress’ power to regulate business challenged in the 19th century?8.What is the difference between interstate commerce and intrastate commerce?9.What was the conflict between what the public and Congress wanted and what business andthe Supreme Court said the Constitution would allow, which went on until the late 1930s?10.What was the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Congress’ power to regulate business inthe 19th century and what is its current position?VocabularyWrite out the word or phrase according to the explanation provided:A Ba.r________ 1. to control, direct, or to replace confusion with orderb.s________ 2. fixed or controlled by lawc.a________ 3. statement which is not supported by proof, that someone has donesomething bad or criminald.e________ 4. the gradual change and developmente.c________ 5. an agreement reached in a way that is acceptable to both sides of theconflict or lawsuitf.p________ 6. the approval of a law, statute, or act by a legislatureg.r_________ 7. the action of resolving somethingh.i________ 8. the definition or explanation of a term or clause in the statutei.a_______ 9. a method of doing something or dealing with a problemj.i_______ 10. a person who comes between two people or groups of peoples, esp. inorder to bring them into agreementk.d_______ 11. clear differencel.a_______ 12. a person who speaks for or supports an idea, way of life, etc.m.a________ 13. the settling of an argument by the decision of a person or group thathas been chosen by both sidesn.t________ 14. the doing or performing of trade, including the purchase, sale,exchanging, leasing, and distribution of commoditieso.s________ 15. having the highest position, in terms of power, importance, orinfluenceParaphraseParaphrase the following sentences from the text:1.In general, legislators and federal agencies now try to balance the ideal of the free marketplacewith less altruistic realities of human nature. (para. 3)2.Few persons want to return to the days in which consumers took their chances in a marketplacewhere profiteering was an integral part of shrewd business management; yet at the same time, almost no one favors the insufferable hovering of a government that involves itself in even the least important decisions. (para. 4)3.But this broad interpretation had little impact; since Congress left business pretty much alone todo as it wanted; the fact that the Supreme Court would permit broad regulation made little difference. (para. 8)4.But suppose Sharpe instead distributed packages of cookies to be sold in Seattle supermarkets;if Sharpe’s dubious practices are cutting into national markets, Sharpe may be charged with violating federal regulations – even though his is not a national company. (para. 11)Useful Phrases and Collocationsleave sb/sth alone, wipe out, take (full) advantage of, fall victim to sth, set the stage for, balance sth with sth else, take (one’s) chances, involve oneself in, compete with rival firms, derive (sth) from, empower sb to do sth, allow some latitude in, result in, at the heart of the issue, consider sth to be, in some way, be involved in, outlaw child labor, intervene in, beyond the reach of, bring sth in line with, be charged with, run afoul ofExercisesI. Blank fillingFill in the blanks with the proper phrases given below. Add words and/or change the form of the given words when necessary.leave sb/sth alone, take an approach, take (full) advantage of,fall victim to sth, involve oneself in, allow some latitude in,make little difference, bring sth in line with, run afoul of sth, result in1.At a time, a lot of people complained that the administrative agencies _______ ______________almost all business activities, making it hard to conduct business.2.As our country is approaching its accession to the WTO, we have to ___________________________ the international norms.3.When you open up a business in a new market, you have to ___________________.4.In the initial years of the reform and opening-up some people ______________ the loosegovernment regulation and accumulated a lot of wealth.5.In market economy companies should ___________________ running their own business.6.His own carelessness ___________ his injuries, so he couldn’t expect any remedy from theemployer.7.At a time businesspeople wanted the government _______________, but customers complainedabout the abuses as a result of lack of government regulation.8.Before Congress granted the government with regulatory power in business many customers________________ immoral business practices.9.Nowadays business managers have to study laws in order to prevent their businesses from________________ government regulations.10.Whether the government curbs smoking by levying heavier tax on tobacco or not___________________ to him as he has quit smoking.II. Error correction1.Public opinion turned decidedly against the business tycoons, and this new philosophical toneset the stage for less aggressive laws that sought to intervene in the marketplace.2.Today’s ongoing discussions about the proper amount of governmental regulation are only thelast round in a debate – and, at times, fight – that is unlikely to end.3.Business leaders insist that government interference does more harm than good, but manyworkers and citizens point to abuses of the past and present as proof of the dangers of regulated industry.4.Most observers these days agree that some form of government control is necessary, but whereand how to apply that control has always been an issue to resolve.5.Since Congress left business pretty much alone to do as it wanted, the fact that the SupremeCourt would permit broad regulation made a little difference.6.If Sharpe’s dubious practices are cutting in to national markets, he may be charged withviolating federal regulations – even though he is not a national company.7.The parties whose dispute is solved through mediation are more unlikely to be able to workconstructively within the agreement.8.Almost no one favors the insufferable hovering of a government that involves itself in even theleast momentous of decisions.9.At the heart of the issue is the debate in what constitutes interstate commerce versusintrastate commerce.10.At this point, Sharpe is probably violated only local fair-business ordinances.III. GrammarA.The following exercises are about noun clauses. Choose the most appropriate answer from theoptions provided to complete the sentences:1.The truth _______ the US is a country with rule of law is known to all of us.a. ifb. whetherc. thatd. which2.______ the customer will win the lawsuit against the seller remains a question.a. Thatb. Whetherc. Ifd. What3.______ the government should apply its regulatory power in business relationshipshas never been an easy issue to resolve.a. Whetherb. Ifc. Whyd. How4.The lawyer has not answered my question ________ I can count on some remedyfor the damage.a. whetherb. whenc. whered. why5.His success is due to _________ he had been working hard.a. thatb. the fact whichc. the fact thatd. the fact of6.Mr. Cooper looked rather depressed. Do you know ________ trouble was?a. hisb. why hisc. how hisd. what his7.When dealing in a litigious environment, you cannot take ________ approach youprefer.a. whatb. whateverc. whicheverd. whosever8._______ worries us a lot is what the world will be like in the future.a. Thatb. Whichc. Whod. What9.I’m not sure ________ the U.S. antitrust law should be enacted.a. ifb. whetherc. whend. why10.He is concerned about ________ judge will preside over the court hearing.a. whichb. whatc. whose thatB. Complete the sentences by translating the expressions in the brackets:1.The States retain the exclusive power to regulate intrastate commerce – economic activities thathave no significant effect on commerce outside their own borders, while____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ________ (联邦政府单独享有调解美国所有的涉外贸易和州际贸易活动的权力).2.Many people who favored increased regulation of business felt that the courts and legislatures_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ (不太适应处理我们所处的不断变化的环境中出现的复杂问题).3.The Federal Trade Commission Act, which created one of the most active and controversialfederal administrative agencies and _______________________________________________________________________(赋予它调解竞争性商业活动的广泛权限), is a good example of the feder al government’s extensive regulation of business.4.The large number of injuries caused by defective consumer products _________________________________________________________ (导致了国会于1972年通过了《消费品安全法》).5.The equality of the sexes is literally applied so that a law is unconstitutional when it gives towomen a protection or an advantage _____________________________________________ (而不给予从事同种工作的男子).IV. ClozeWhy Is Government Regulation Necessary?The Industrial Revolution changed the nature of American society. Before the Civil War, more than 80 percent of Americans were self-employed, and the small proprietorship was the 1________ form of business organization. Many forms of organization were objects of public 2 _ Labor unions were treated as criminal conspiracies, and even corporations were viewed with some suspicion.The 3 of corporate power and the abusive activities of the large industrial combines and trusts after the Civil War became subjects of major public concern, producing a public outcry for federal action. Congress responded by 4 the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887 and the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890.In addition, life was becoming more 5 . New forms of human activity that presented a need for regulation were (and are today) 6 on an almost daily basis. Ever-expanding scientific knowledge also continued to increase our understanding of the effects of our behavior on each other and on the environment.This tremendous growth of government regulation, while it has no doubt produced many 7_____ social benefits, has also produced considerable public dissatisfaction. We all regularly hear complaints about government “red tape”* and bureaucratic inefficiency. Some commentators argue that the costs associated with complying with government regulations are a 8 contributor to spiraling inflation. Others complain that 9 a business is becoming more and more difficult in an environment of increasing and sometimes 10 regulations. Regulatory agencies are criticized as being inefficient and overzealous on the one hand and “captive” tools of industry on the 11.Despite current 12 disenchantment with regulation, however, it is probably fair to say that regulation is here to stay. Today, we are witnessing a “13” movement aimed at reducing numerous “friendly” regulations that in the past operated to shield some businesses from the forces of competition. In other areas, conflicting or 14_________ regulations may need to be reworked. Nonetheless, as long as the United States continues to be a highly complex and industrialized society, 15 will be an important fact of life.*red tape: forms and routines followed in official business; the protective helmet of bureaucracy.V. Translation1. In the eyes of many observers, administrative agencies like the Federal Trade Commission, theSecurities and Exchange Commission, and the Environmental Protection Agency form an unofficial fourth branch of government with the authority to enact rules and regulations (quasi-legislative power) and the power to hold hearings to determine whether those rules have been violated (quasi-judicial power).2. Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with anyother person or persons to monopolize any of the trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.3. By the middle of the 20th century, realizing that business needs had been given too muchpreferential treatment –often at the expense of consumers’ rights, consumer activists bega n to convince local, state, and federal governments to pass laws that would re-evaluate priorities and give consumers the protection they needed and deserved.4. 中国宪法明文规定：中国政府鼓励外商来华投资并依法保护外国企业和个人的合法权益。
人教版英语九年级全册Unit13Savethesharks!教学设计
（五）总结归纳
1.教学活动：教师引导学生对本节课的学习内容进行总结。
2.教学方法：采用反思性教学法，让学生自我总结、互相评价。
3.教学内容：回顾本节课所学的词汇、语法、句型以及讨论的问题，总结保护鲨鱼的重要性。
4.教学目标：帮助学生巩固所学知识，培养他们的反思能力，提高课堂教学效果。
（二）讲授新知
1.教学活动：教师引导学生学习本节课的核心词汇、短语及主要语法结构。
2.教学方法：采用讲解、示范、练习相结合的方式，帮助学生掌握新知识。
3.教学内容：
（1）词汇：endangered, extinction, illegal, hunting, eco-system, conservation, protection等；
（2）写作中：指导学生进行初稿、修改、互评等环节，提高写作质量；
（3）写作后：组织学生进行作品展示，培养他们的自信心和表达能力。
5.注重课堂评价，采用多元化评价方式，关注学生的个体差异，激发学生的学习动力。
6.结合信息技术，利用网络资源，拓展学生的学习视野，提高英语素养。
7.建立课后辅导机制，针对学习困难的学生，给予个性化指导，帮助他们克服学习难点。
（2）略读：快速阅读全文，了解文章大意；
（3）寻读：查找关键信息，完成相关任务；
（4）细读：深入理解文章细节，分析文章结构，学习语言表达；
（5）评价读：评价文章内容，发表自己的观点。
4.写作教学采用过程写作法，关注学生写作过程中的思维发展。
（1）写作前：引导学生进行头脑风暴，收集素材，明确写作主题；
三、教学重难点和教学设想
（一）教学重难点
1.重点：
人教版九年级英语全一册Unit13单元整体教学设计
4.ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้The qualities and influence of celebrities.
此外，教师还应对学生的课堂表现进行评价，鼓励他们在课后继续关注名人的事迹，将所学知识运用到实际生活中。同时，提醒学生树立正确的价值观，努力学习，成为对社会有贡献的人。
（二）过程与方法
1.通过小组合作、讨论、分享等形式，激发学生的学习兴趣，培养合作精神。
2.利用多媒体教学资源，如：视频、图片、音频等，丰富课堂教学，提高学生的学习积极性。
3.引导学生运用阅读策略，提高阅读效率，培养良好的阅读习惯。
4.创设真实的语言环境，让学生在实际语境中运用所学知识，提高语言运用能力。
2. Translate sentences about the celebrity's achievements.
3. Write a short passage about a celebrity you admire.
4. Role-play a conversation about a famous person.
（二）讲授新知
本阶段，教师将结合教材内容，系统地讲解本章节的核心词汇、短语和语法。首先，学习与名人相关的词汇，如：fame, achievement, contribution等，通过例句、图片等形式让学生理解和记忆。接着，讲解一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时在描述名人成就时的运用，让学生掌握时态的用法。此外，通过阅读课文，分析文章结构，学习如何描述名人的生平和成就。
8.家校合作：与家长沟通，共同关注学生的学习进展，鼓励家长参与学生的英语学习，形成良好的学习氛围。
unit 13研究生基础英语(毛大威)课后答案Unit13
• 1. Comprehension question: • 1) Para 1 • They are no longer slackers or dropouts,they care about the rest of the world.
• 3.Para 2 • He thinks it is worth it. He wants to start his own business in a foreign country.
• 4. Para 3 • She realizes that reality is quite different from what is written in books.
• 5. Para 4 • Because he wants to study in MBA program to learn more about business theory.
Unit 13 Generation Global
• • • •
Prepare Yourself : 开始职业生涯 文化交流 异国情调 体验新文化 地球村 有效护照 办（好）签证 迎接挑战
• • • • • • • •
broaden one's outlook broaden one's knowledge enhance one's ability realize one's ideals full of vigor and vitality be active and enterprising seize the opportunity live a full life
• C) • challenging took case communication • set raise aware enough No capable
2016年秋人教版九年级英语上《Unit13 We're trying to save the earth!》基础练习(含答案)
Unit13 We're trying to save the earth!基础练习一、单项选择1. --- May I borrow your CD player?--- Sorry, I it myself.A. am usingB. usedC. have usedD. use2. M iss Lin a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.A. doesB. didC. has doneD. will do3. T he club by a group of teenagers.A. organizeB. organizedC. is organizedD. are organized4. --- "Frog", Mo Yan's latest novel, please!--- Sorry, it just now. But it will come out again soon.A. sold outB. is sold outC. has sold outD. was sold out5. Y ao Ming used basketball in NBA.A. playB. to playC. playingD. played6. --- Must I hand in my homework now?--- No, you . You can do it tomorrow.A. mustn'tB. don't have toC. shouldn'tD. can't7. T he teacher made the boy the sentence five times after school.A. to writeB. writeC. wroteD. written8. --- Kevin, is your twin brother the same as you?--- No, I'm than him.A. a little thinB. very thinnerC. much thinerD. a little thinner9. --- fast the time flies!--- Yes, we'll leave school in a month. Let's study harder.A. What aB. How aC. HowD. What10. --- Do you prefer classical music pop music?--- Pop music, I think.A. toB. orC. thanD. for11. These days, it's not easy for Chinese people to afford a flat.A. buyingB. buyC. buysD. to buy12. --- The shirt looks nice on you! How much does it ?--- I just ten dollars for it.A. take; affordedB. cost; paidC. cost; spentD. take; spent13. --- Shall we the meeting?--- Sure. Let's them.A. join in; join inB. join; joinC. join; join inD. join in; join14. --- The light in the office is still on.--- Oh, I forgot to .A. turn it offB. turn it onC. turn it upD. turn it down15. helps us a lot to protect the environment.A. Buying old thingsB. Making cheap thingsC. Recycling thingsD. Using cheap things16. Please don't speak loudly. The manager a meeting now.A. has hadB. hadC. will haveD. is having17. Don't return the video to Peter. I it.A. don't watchB. won't watchC. haven't watchedD. wasn't watching18. Every year, more than 70,000,000 sharks for their fins(鱼翅).A. were killedB. have killedC. are killedD. will kill19. A lot of trees on the hill yesterday.A. are plantedB. will be plantedC. have been plantedD. were planted20. Zhang Jing used to . But now she is much taller.A. shortB. is shortC. be shortD. was short21. Nowadays, all passengers go through safety check before takea train.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will22. I am poor in English. I can hardly make myself .A. understoodB. understandC. understanding23. --- What do you think of Liu Huan?--- Oh, he is my favourite singer. I think no one can sing .A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best24. --- How do you like the program The Voice of China?--- amazing program it is! Many people like to watch it.A. WhatB. How anC. What anD. How25. Diana isn't here, I leave a message on her desk.A. orB. soC. andD. but二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)26. Living in the city has many a such as good schools, big shopping centers and so on.27. People generally think that he who kills a pet dog or a pet cat isc .28. It was her dream to enter the film i when Gong Li was very young.29. Here are some things they have learned from s (科学的) studies.30. John Adams was once P of the US.31. Shrek is an u green animal.32. Some tourists leave l in beauty spots.33. Do you know how to r the waste paper or bottles?34. Her teaching experience gave her a big a over the other applicants for the job.35. The landlord is so c that almost everybody hates him.36. We should develop the tourist i here.37. Learning s knowledge is very useful.38. Barack Obama is p of the US now.39. I think giraffes are beautiful, but lions are u .40. If no one l ,the park will be very clean.三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)41. My uncle decided to enter the film (行业) when he was in his fifties.42. (运输) should be much better by 2100 and the journey to Mars may take only days.43. The scientists have learnt a lot from (科学) studies.44. There is some information about the people who are (残酷) to animals.45. Can you (买得起) to buy the house?46. Studying hard is her best (优点).47. Now, most supermarkets in China have stopped providing shoppers with free (塑料的) bags.48. I think (回收) can not only protect the environment but also save money.49. This type of software is widely used in (工业).50. What do you think of the (交通) in your town?答案一、单项选择1. A2. C3. C4. D5. B6. B7. B8. D9. C 10. B11. D 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C16. D 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. C21. C 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. B二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)26. advantages27. cruel28. industry29. scientific30. President31. ugly32. litter33. recycle34. advantage35. cruel36. industry37. scientific38. president39. ugly40. litters三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)41. industry42. Transportation43. scientific44. cruel45. afford46. advantage47. plastic48. recycling49. industry50. transportation。
研究生英语听说教程(基础级 第四版)答案 U13
Name John Steel Enrique Vargas OccupationComputer Consultant StudentType of PC used IBM PC Apple Macintosh Reasons for choice1) knows them well 1) easier to use2) e xchanges information with other users 2) G UI-click on icons / no typing in commands3) a l o t o f s o f t w a r e available3) windows easier to set upTask 2choose clone easier mouse standard iconscommandssetupusedtoSection B Portable ComputersTask 31. palmtop 2. notebook 3. clipboard 4. laptop 5. desktopUnit ThirteenPart Ⅰ Listening PracticeSection A Personal ComputingTask 1 Interview 1Interview 2Keys to ExercisesKeys to ExercisesSection C Computers in EducationTask 51. T2. F3. F4. T5. F6. FTask 61. T2. F (You should check that there is good applications software available.)3. F (There are not two factors but three factors, the third being the size of your budget.)4. T5. F (The ideal is one computer per student and all computers linked by a local area network.)6. F (free access = unlimited access)Section D Computer SecurityTask 71. The network system isn’t very secure.2. A modem.3. W hat people do with them, e.g. use their own name or a partner’s name, which makes life easy for a hacker.4. I t shows a constantly changing number. It is safe as long as you don’t leave the card lying around.5. Steve seems to know a lot.Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension TestTalk 11. B ecause his company changed the way the world perceived the computer and its role in society.2. 557 million.3. technology4. technology could be made available to everyone5. technology could be used to better people’s lives and as a tool for creativity.中国人民大学出版社Talk 26. It refers to the idea of marketing a product over the Internet.7. A website.8. it can save time and money 9. a broader market and lower overheads10. Cybershoppers.。
人教版九年级英语UNIT13第十三单元课件全单元
Tony: But it used to be so clean! Mark: Yes, but people are littering in the
Interviewer: Great ideas! What about waste pollution?
Susan: Mmm, I think simple things like bringing a bag to go shopping can help. I started doing that a year ago.
river. Tony: Everyone in this town should play a
part in cleaning it up!
2a Listen to the interview. Circle the kinds of pollution that Jason and Susan talk about.
•
opening the door已经开了门
• 9 The book cost me 10 yuan
• It took me 3 hours to buy the book
• I spent 10 yuan on the book • I paid 10 yuan for the book • 10 She helps me (to )learn English
mobile
factories(sewage,
phones(machines, industrial waste,
crowds, vihicles) pesticides)
人教版九年级英语全一册Unit13单元整体教学设计
3.分析课文中的重点句子和语法结构，让学生在实际语境中感受英语语言的魅力。
（三）学生小组讨论
1.教师将学生分成小组，每组选择一个社区活动主题，如环境保护、关爱老人等。
2.各小组讨论如何运用所学词汇和语法，描述和分析他们所选择的社区活动，并准备进行口头汇报。
难点：培养学生对文章深层含义的把握能力，以及批判性思维能力。
3.重点：培养学生的英语口语表达能力，使他们能够在讨论社区活动和志愿者工作时，流畅地运用所学知识进行交流。
难点：学生在口头表达时，容易出现词汇搭配错误、语法结构混乱等问题。
（二）教学设想
1.针对词汇和语法难点，采用以下教学策略：
-利用图片、实物等直观教具，帮助学生形象记忆词汇。
人教版九年级英语全一册Unit13单元整体教学设计
一、教学目标
（一）知识与技能
1.学生能够掌握并运用本单元的词汇和短语，如"community", "contribution", "volunteer", "charity", "fundraising"等，并能运用这些词汇进行主题相关的讨论和写作。
-结合教材内容，引导学生关注社区活动，培养他们的社会责任感。
-通过课堂讨论和课后实践活动，让学生认识到参与志愿者工作的重要性，激发他们热爱社区、关爱他人的情感。
-鼓励学生分享自己的经验和观点，尊重他人的不同看法，培养包容、合作的精神。
四、教学内容与过程
（一）导入新课
1.教师通过展示一组社区活动的图片，如志愿者清洁环境、慈善义卖等，引导学生观察并思考这些活动的意义。