水轮机术语库
水轮机英语专业名词
水轮机英语专业名词Hydraulic Turbine Terminology.Introduction.Hydraulic turbines are key components in hydroelectric power generation, converting the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy that can be used to generate electricity. They are complex machines with a dedicated vocabulary that is essential for professionals working in this field. This article aims to provide a comprehensive glossary of technical terms related to hydraulic turbines, including their components, operations, and maintenance.1. Turbine Types.Kaplan Turbine: A type of propeller turbine with adjustable blades, suitable for low to medium heads and high flows.Francis Turbine: A mixed-flow turbine with fixed vanes and adjustable blades, common in medium to high head applications.Pelton Turbine: A reaction turbine with buckets attached to a runner, ideal for high heads and low flows.Turgo Turbine: A reaction turbine with fixed nozzles and a turbine runner, suitable for medium heads and flows.2. Turbine Components.Runner: The rotating part of the turbine that converts water energy into mechanical energy.Blades/Buckets: The individual elements attached to the runner that interact with the water flow.Stator: A fixed assembly of vanes that directs the water flow onto the runner blades.Draft Tube: A section that guides the water away fromthe turbine, reducing pressure and improving efficiency.Shaft: The rotating axis that connects the turbine runner to the generator.3. Turbine Operations.Gate Regulation: The adjustment of turbine inlet gates to control water flow and turbine output.Load Rejection: The ability of the turbine to quickly adjust its output in response to a sudden decrease in load.Cavitation: The formation of vapor bubbles within the turbine due to sudden pressure drops, potentially causing damage.4. Turbine Maintenance.Overhaul: A comprehensive maintenance procedure that includes the disassembly, inspection, and repair of turbine components.Blade Polishing: The process of smoothing and cleaning turbine blades to restore their efficiency.Leakage Testing: Examining the turbine for leaks that can affect its performance and efficiency.5. Performance Parameters.Head: The difference in water level between the inlet and outlet of the turbine, measured in meters.Flow Rate: The volume of water passing through the turbine per unit time, typically measured in cubic meters per second (m³/s).Efficiency: A measure of how effectively the turbine converts water energy into mechanical energy, expressed as a percentage.6. Turbine Control.Governor: A device that controls the speed and output of the turbine by regulating the water flow.Automation System: A suite of sensors and controllers that monitor and adjust turbine operations to maintain stable output and prevent damage.Conclusion.The terminology related to hydraulic turbines is extensive and covers various aspects of their design, operation, and maintenance. Understanding these terms is crucial for professionals working in the field of hydroelectric power generation, enabling them to communicate effectively, diagnose problems, and optimize turbine performance. As the field continues to evolve, it's important to stay updated with new terminology and technologies.。
水轮机专用词汇
水力机械，(简称水机，包括水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机）的专用词汇－－作者：stpeter－－水力机械，(简称水机，包括水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机）的专用词汇1主题内容与适用范围水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机（以下总称水力机械，简称水机）的专用术语。
适用于制订标准，编写和翻译手册、教材、书刊以及图纸设计等用途。
2一般术语2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery实现水流机械能和固体机械能之间互相转换的机械。
2.2 水轮机hydraulic turbine把水流能量转换成旋转机械能的水力机械。
2.3 蓄能泵storage pump抽水蓄能电站中将水从下游提升至上游的水泵。
2.4 水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine既可作水轮机运行又可作蓄能泵运行的水力机械，亦称可逆式水轮机。
2.5 旋转方向direction of rotation从发电机轴端看到的转轮［叶轮］的旋转方向。
贯流式水轮机则从上游向下游方向看水泵水轮机的旋转方向取水轮机工况的旋转方向。
2.6 机组unit用于发电或抽水蓄能的水力机械和电机的组合装置。
2.7 水轮机进口测量断面inlet measuring section of turbine测量水轮机进口水流能量的断面［图1（a）、图1（b）、图1（c）、1断面］。
2.8 水轮机出口测量断面outlet measuring section of turbine测量水轮机出口水流能量的断面［图1（a）、图1（b）、图1（c）、2断面、图1（d）、3断面］。
2.9 蓄能泵进口测量断面inlet measuring section of storage pump靠近吸水管或蓄能泵壳进口处的商定断面［图1（e）、图1（f）、2断面］。
2.10 蓄能泵出口测量断面outlet measuring section of storage pump对于开敞式排流渠道，为靠近蓄能泵出口处的商定断面［图1（g）、1断面］；对于封闭管道，为排水阀上游靠近蓄能泵压水室处的商定断面［图1（e）、图1（f）、1断面］。
水轮机专用英文
一般术语2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery2.2 水轮机hydraulic turbine2.3 蓄能泵storage pump2.4 水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine2.5 旋转方向direction of rotation2.6 机组unit2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical，horizontal and inclined unit2.14可调式水力机械regulated hydraulic machinery2.15不可调式水力机械non-regulated hydraulic machinery2.16主阀main valve3.1水轮机3.1.1反击式水轮机reaction turbine3.1.2 混流式水轮机Francis turbine，mixed-flow turbine 3.1.3 轴流式水轮机axial turbine3.1.4 轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine，axial-flow adjustable blad propeller turbine3.1.5 轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine3.1.6 轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine3.1.7贯流式水轮机tubular turbine，through flow turbine 3.1.8灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine3.1.10全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit3.1.11轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机）tubular turbine （S－type turbine）3.1.12 斜流式水轮机diagonal turbine3.1.13 斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine3.1.14斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine 3.1.15冲击式水轮机impuls turbine，action turbine3.1.16水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine，scoop turbine3.1.17斜击式水轮机inclined jet turbine3.1.18双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine3.2蓄能泵3.2.1混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugal storage pump，mixed-flow storage pump3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵propeller storage pump，axial storage pump3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵diagonal storage pump3.2.4多级式蓄能泵multi-stage storage pump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）3.3.1单级水泵水轮机singal stage pump-turbine3.3.2多级水泵水轮机multi-stage pump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterfly valve3.4.2 平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve，through flow butterfly valve3.4.3 圆筒阀cylindrical valve，ring gate3.4.4 球阀rotary valve，spherical valve3.4.5 盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve3.4.6 针形阀needle valve3.4.7 旁通阀by-pass valve3.4.8直空破坏阀vacuum break valve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机4.1.1埋入部件embedded component4.1.2 引水室（turbine）flume4.1.3 蜗壳spiral case4.1.4 座环stay ring4.1.5 固定导叶stay vane4.1.6 蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose4.1.7基础环foundation ring，discharge ring4.1.8 尾水管draft tube4.1.9锥形尾水管conical draft tube4.1.10肘形尾水管elbow draft tube4.1.11尾水管锥管draft tube cone4.1.12尾水管肘管draft tube elbow4.1.13 尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part4.1.14 尾水管支墩draft tube pier4.1.15 尾水管里衬draft tube liner4.1.16 机坑里衬pit liner4.1.17导水机构distributor4.1.18顶盖headcover，top cover4.1.19底环bottom ring，bottom cover4.1.20导叶guide vane，wicket gate4.1.21 控制环regulating ring，operating ring4.1.22 导叶臂guide vane lever，wicket gate lever4.1.23 分半键split key4.1.24 导叶连杆guide vanelink，wicket gate link4.1.25 导叶过载保护装置guide vane overload protection device4.1.26 剪断销shear pin4.1.27 摩擦装置friction device4.1.28 导叶轴承guide vane bearing4.1.29 导叶止推轴承guide vane thrust bearing4.1.30 导叶轴密封guide vane stem seal4.1.31 导叶端面密封guide vane end seal4.1.32 导叶立面密封guide vane seal4.1.33抗磨板facing plates，wear plates4.1.34导叶限位块guide vane stop block4.1.35导叶接力器guide vane servomotor4.1.36 单导叶接力器individual guide vane servomotor 4.1.37 推拉杆push and pull rod，connecting rod4.1.38 调速轴regulating shaft4.1.39 均压管balance pipe4.1.40 转动部件rotating component4.1.41 转轮runner4.1.42 叶片blade4.1.43 上冠crown4.1.44 下环band4.1.45 泄水锥runner cone4.1.46 转轮密封装置runner seal4.1.47 转轮止漏环runner wearing ring4.1.48 固定止漏环stationary wearing ring4.1.49 转轮减压板decompression plate4.1.50 主轴main shaft4.1.51 导轴承guide bearing4.1.52 轴领guide bearing collar4.1.53 轴瓦guide bearing shoe4.1.54 轴承体guide bearing housing4.1.55 主轴密封装置main shaft seal4.1.56 检修密封stand still seal4.1.57 联轴螺栓coupling bolt4.2轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。
水轮机常用英语词汇
水轮机常用英语词汇A安装高程setting elevation安全阀safe valve安装图wiring layout Installation diagram按合同in accordance with contractB布置图arrangement plan比转速specific speed比例增益proportional gain补气air admission air supply补气装置air supply device电压器transformer本图只供电站设计时参考this drawing is for design reference 备用16件spare parts 16 pieces标准件standard components不可调式水力机械non-regulated hydraulic machineryC冲击式水轮机impuls turbine操作架crosshead初生空化系数incipient cavitation factor初始压力initial pressure尺寸图dimensional drawing××尺寸暂定the measurements of ××is tentative 出厂workshop初步设计preliminary design侧视Side-view测速装置speed senser测压管pipe of measuring pressure测频单元frequency senser厂房地平groundD导水机构distributor垫圈washer顶盖headcover top cover底环bottom ring导水机构distributor导叶guide vane导叶臂guide vane lever rocker arm导叶连杆~ link导叶过载保护器~ overload protection device导叶止推轴承~ thrust bearing导叶轴承~ bearing导叶轴guide vane shaft导叶销guide vane pin导叶轴套guide vane bushings导叶轴密封~ stem seal导叶端面密封~ end seal导叶立面密封~ seal导叶限位块~ stop block导叶接力器individual ~导轴承guide bearing导叶轴压盖the gland of guide Vane shaft导流盖diversion cover导流部分diversion part大气压atmospheric pressure电机motor低压力under pressure调查报告report of investigation电液调速器electro-hydraulic governor电液转换器/电液伺服electro-hydraulic transducer/servovalve 低压机组LV units电源electricity supply电压voltage电流current（主）断路器（main）circuit breaker地脚孔anchor bolt hole地钩fixation hook地脚螺栓foundation bolt吊环螺钉lifting eye screw吊环rings吊钩lift hook镀锌管galvanized pipe电站预埋embedded by power station电站配割焊welding and cutting电站自行设计designed by power station电站自备power station self-provided丁氰橡胶thiakol rubber单耳止动弹圈one ear stop spring coil灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine蝶阀butterfly valveE额定rated峨眉山市驰骋机械Emeishan Chicheng Machinery Co.,Ltd二期混泥土Second ConcreteF反击式水轮机reaction turbine分半键split key飞逸runaway speed飞逸特性曲线runaway speed curve分段关闭装置step closing device辅助接力器auxiliary servomotor辅助设备auxiliary equipment封面surface plot负载on load辅助常闭auxiliary normally close封水座seal block（pedestal of seal water）封水装置seal water devise发电机出风道generator vents方向自定direction customised方头短圆柱锥端紧定螺钉square set screws with short dog point and cone end放水阀drain valve放水旋塞drain cock放水管盖offlet cover发电机generatorG孤立运行isolated operation工作油压operating oil pressure工作油压上限/下限upper /lower limit of operating oil pressure功率（表）power（meter）工况operating condition固定导叶stay vane固定盘fixed plate贯流式水轮机tubular turbine工程竣工图completion drawing规范Specification盖形螺母cap nut钢steel钢垫steel liners钢背复合自润滑材料steel backing compositeself-lubricating material管路部分pipe sectionH混流式水轮机Francis turbine蝴蝶阀butterfly valve缓冲装置damping device缓冲器dashpot缓冲装置时间常数time constant of damping device电气缓冲electrical damper焊接welding后盖板back cover回油箱oil sump tankJ接力器servomotor接力器行程servomotorst roke接力器最短关闭时间minimum servomoter closing time 机坑里衬pit liner接管connecting pipe径向力radial force机械效率mechanical efficiency绝对压力absolute pressure加权平均水头weighted average head净水头net head进水管water inlet进人门mandoor检修密封stand still seal剪断销shear pin基础环foundation ring机组unit技术设计technical design机械液压调速器mechanical hydraulic governor截止阀globe valve减压板decompression plate接地栓grounding spigot静态特性static characteristic加速时间常数derivative time constantK可调式水力机械regulated hydraulic machinery可调油轴承adjustable oil bearing控制环regulating ring抗磨板facing plates抗磨滑块wear slider block空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空化系数cavitation factor开关保险丝switch-fuse空气开关air-operated switch扩大初步设计enlarging preliminary design开度限制机构opening limit mechanism空载no-load可控硅SCR开槽圆柱头螺钉slotted pan head screwL漏油箱leak oil tank流量discharge力特性force character临界空化系数critical cavitation factor联轴螺栓couping bolt连杆link连杆装配link assembly立式机组vertical unit励磁屏excitation screen螺母nut连板铜套copper cover with plate六角薄螺母hexagon thin nut六角头螺栓hexagon headed bolt螺尾锥销nut tail cone pin螺旋扣turnbuckle（尾水管）拉钩the drag hook of （tail water）拉环suspension link拉板pulling plate连接法兰coupling flangeM埋入部件embedded component摩擦装置friction device毛水头gross head目录list明细表order sheet灭磁de-excitation面板panel密封环sealing ringN内螺纹旋塞阀internal-thread plug valve内接头internal-thread connecting tubeOO型密封圈O-seal ringP平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve through flow butterfly valve平键key旁通阀by-pass valve盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve配压阀distributing valve排至集水井lead the water into the collector well排水孔drain hole排水管drain pipe排水阀座pedestal of draw off valve平垫圈plat washer偏心销eccentric pin爬梯ladderQ驱动器driver球阀rotary valve ball valve spherical valve起励initial excitation前盖板front cover全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unitR软启动器soft-starter热敏开关thermo switch人工（频率）死区单元S死区dead band甩负荷load rejection手动运行manual operation事故低油压tripping oil pressure双漏油器double oil-filter双调整调速器double regulating governor水力矩hydraulic torque水流惯性时间常数water interia time constant水推力hydraulic thrust水封压板seal pressure plate射流入射角jet inclined angle射流直径jet diameter水轮发电机组hydroelectric generating set水锤water hammer水封装配seal water assembly水力机械hydraulic machinery水导轴承装配assembly of the bush of water flowing diversionbearing式中type in输入功率input power输出功率power output梳齿密封座comb-tooth-type Seal block（下/上）梳齿环（upper/ below）comb-tooth ring设计水头design head速度水头elocity head受油器oil head上冠crown双击式水轮机double-flow turbine cross-flow turbine施工图设计construction design设计规范design specification示意图Diagrammatic sketch施工图Working drawing说明书Instruction book水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine scoop turbine双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine受油器oil head输入（输出）功率input（output）power水力的hydraulic水力机械hydraulic machinery水电站hydropower station双头螺柱stud三通旋塞three way cock竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbineT通流式调速器through flow type governor推拉杆push and pull rod调速轴regulating shaft（governor shaft）调速耳座speed lug调速环铜套copper sheathing of speed ring调速机构speed institutions（regulating mechamism）调速系统governing system弹垫圈spring washer通用件standard parts铜套copper bushUVW蜗壳spiral case蜗室剖面图section plane views蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose尾水闸门tail water sluice gate尾水管draft tube tail water piping尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part尾水管支墩~ pier尾水管里衬~ liner外购procurement卧式horizontal unitX斜流式水轮机inclined jet turbine diagonal turbine 斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine下环band下游最低尾水位the minimum tail-water level泄水锥runner cone discharge cone协连装置combination device相序采样phase sequence sampling橡胶条rubber橡胶轴承rubber bearing橡胶圈rubber ring橡胶管rubber pipe选用select旋塞阀plug valve旋转方向direction of rotation相似工况similar operating condition协联工况combined condition现场焊缝field weldingY压力罐式调速器governor with pressure tank压盖gland油压装置oil pressure supply unit油箱座tank block油箱tank引导阀pilot distributing valve引水室flume叶片blade叶片枢轴runner blade trunnion叶轮impeller圆柱销cylindrical pin圆锥销taper pin压板pressure plate预埋至机坑embedded into foundation pit永态转差系数permanent speed droop一期混泥土First Concrete一件 a piece of（水轮机）运转特性曲线（turbine）performance curveZ整体设计overall design总图general drawing总装图general installation drawing装配图assembly drawing组合件assemblies组画Section drawing主视图top view主图Master plane闸阀gate valve止回阀check valve轴流式水轮机axial turbine轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine真空破坏阀vacuum break valve座环stay ring锥形尾水管conical draft tube肘形尾水管elbow draft tube肘型管elbow转动部件rotating component转轮runner止漏环wearing ring轴套shaft sleeve轴领guide bearing collar轴瓦guide bearing shoe轴承体guide bearing housing轴承座bearing support轴承架bearing retainer转轮室runner chamber支持盖inner head cover支撑环support ring支墩buttress dam转轮体runner hub转叶机构mechanism of runner blade转轮叶片接力器runner blade servomotor最大（最小）水头maximum（minimum）head中间接力器pilots ervomotor中间轴承the middle bearing主配压阀中间位置meutral position of main distributing vavle主阀main valve整流回路rectification circuit最低尾水位min tail water level锥管段cone主轴密封mail shaft seal暂态转差系数temporary speed droop止推垫片stopping shim装配assembly罩子cover直锥尾水管straight tap直通旋塞straight through type cock针形阀needle valve组焊件assembly and welding part导轴承guide bearing（水轮机）综合特性曲线（turbine）efficiency hill diagram，combined characteristic curve 最优比转速optimum specific speed专用工具special tool1、本图仅供机组布置情况特征尺寸，有关基础及水工布置情况电站自行设计。
水轮机调节系统的专用术语(中英文对照)
接力器最短关闭时间
minimum servomotor closing time
接力器最短开启时间
minimum servomotor opening time
接力器容量
servomotor capacity
柜体
端子箱
terminal box
配电箱
distributor box
speed sensing device
测频单元
frequency module
测速信号源
speed signal source
测频模块（残压）
frequency measuring module(residual voltage)
测频模块（齿盘）
frequency measuring module(fluted disc)
（机械）开度限制机构
(machanical) opening limiter
电气开度限制单元
electrical opening limiter
转速调整机构
speed adjusting mechanism, speed changer
功率给定单元
power setting module
频率给定单元
liquid level transmitter
自动补气装置
air auto supply device
油混水信号器
oil-water mixing announcitor
空气滤清器
air filter
软启动器
soft-starter
星三角启动器
star-delta starter
热敏开关
thermo switch
水力发电技术基本术语
水力发电技术基本术语水力发电术语是指在水电站和水利水电工程中应用的水力发电相关的术语和概念，主要包括以下几个方面：1. 水头：指水电站上下游水位之间的差值，是水力发电的基本参数之一。
水头越高，发电效率越高。
2. 流量：指水电站进水口或出水口的流量，即单位时间内流过某一横截面的水量。
流量越大，发电效率越高。
3. 转速：指水轮机的转速，即水轮机转子的旋转速度。
转速越高，发电效率越高。
4. 效率：指水轮机或整个水电站的发电效率，即水轮机发出的电能与水流能量之比。
效率越高，说明水电站对水能的利用率越高。
5. 调节保证率：指水电站在一定时间内能够保证发出的电能与设计值相符的概率。
调节保证率越高，说明水电站的调节性能越好。
6. 装机容量：指水电站的总装机容量，即水电站的最大发电能力。
装机容量越大，说明水电站的发电能力越强。
7. 年发电量：指水电站一年内发出的电能总量。
年发电量越大，说明水电站的经济效益越好。
8. 水库容积：指水电站水库的容量大小。
水库容积越大，说明水库的调节能力越强，对提高水电站的发电效益有积极作用。
9. 水工建筑：指水电站的水工建筑物，包括挡水坝、溢洪道、进水口、厂房等。
水工建筑物的设计和施工对水电站的正常运行和安全有重要影响。
10. 设备选型：指根据水电站的具体条件和要求选择合适的发电机组、水轮机、变压器等设备的过程。
设备选型对水电站的运行效率和经济效益有重要影响。
以上是水力发电技术的基本术语和概念，了解和掌握这些术语和概念有助于更好地理解水力发电的工作原理和技术要求。
2015年水轮机调节常用名词术语
水轮机调节系统仿真常用名词术语水轮机调节系统hydraulic turbine regulating system水轮机控制系统hydraulic turbine control systems被控制系统controlled system随动系统servo-system调速器governor电(气)液(压)调速器electric-hydraulic governor微机调速器micro-computer based governor双调整调速器double regulating governor比例-积分-微分调速器proportional-integral-derivative governor测速装置speed sensing device测频单元frequency module人工死区单元artificial dead band module电液转换器electro-hydraulic converter电液伺服阀electro-hydraulic servo-valve电液比例（方向）阀electro-hydraulic proportional (directional) valve主配压阀main distributing valve, control valve（机械）开度限制机构(mechanical) opening limiter电气开度限制单元electrical opening limiter转速调整机构speed adjusting mechanism, speed changer功率给定单元power setting module频率给定单元frequency setting module接力器servomotor辅助接力器auxiliary servomotor中间接力器pilot servomotor主接力器main servomotor导叶接力器guide vane servomotor转叶[折向器/偏流器]接力器(runner) blade [jet deflector/cut in deflector] servomotor 协联装置combination device分段关闭装置step closing device自动运行automatic operation手动运行manual operation限负荷运行limited load operation孤立运行isolated operation并联运行parallel operation空载运行no-load operation, idling operation带负荷运行load operation甩负荷load rejection稳定状态steady state小波动状态；小瞬变状态small oscillation condition; small transient condition大波动状态；大瞬变状态large oscillation condition; large transient condition型式试验type test出厂试验workshop test验收试验acceptance test空载扰动试验no-load disturbing test带负荷试验load test甩负荷试验load rejection test转速speed频率frequency额定转速rated speed相对转速relative speed转速偏差speed deviation转速相对偏差relative deviation of speed给定[指令]信号command signal给定信号偏差command signal deviation给定信号相对偏差relative deviation of command signal接力器行程servomotor stroke接力器最大行程maximum servomotor stroke接力器相对行程relative stroke of servomotor接力器行程偏差servomotor stroke deviation接力器行程相对偏差relative deviation of servomotor stroke主配压阀中间位置neutral position of main distributing valve主配压阀行程main distributing valve stroke主配压阀最大行程maximum stroke of main distributing valve主配压阀相对行程relative stroke of main distributing valve主配压阀最大工作行程maximum operating stroke of main distributing valve工作油压operating oil pressure发电机输出功率power output of the generator转矩偏差torque deviation流量偏差discharge deviation水头偏差head deviation搭叠量overlap主配压阀最大许用输油量maximum allowable delivery of main distributing valve 水轮机控制系统静态特性droop graph of turbine control system永态差值系数permanent droop暂态差值系数temporary droop缓冲装置时间常数time constant of damping device速动时间常数promptitude time constant加速时间常数derivative time constant微分环节时间常数time constant of derivative module接力器响应时间常数servomotor response time constant微分环节时间常数time constant of derivative module比例增益proportional gain积分增益integral gain开环增益opening loop gain转速稳定性指数speed stability index死区dead band给定信号死区command signal dead band随动系统不准确度servo-system inaccuracy接力器不动时间servomotor dead time接力器最短关闭时间minimum servomotor closing time接力器最短开启时间minimum servomotor opening time接力器作用力servomotor force接力器容量servomotor capacity水流惯性时间常数water inertia time constant管道反射时间penstock reflection time机组惯性时间常数unit inertia time constant, unit acceleration constant负载惯性时间常数load inertia time constant水轮机转矩对转速的传递系数transmission coefficient of turbine torque to speed（水轮机自调节系数turbine self-regulation coefficient）发电机负载转矩对转速的传递系数transmission coefficient of generator load torque to speed（发电机负载自调节系数generator load self-regulation coefficient）被控制系统自调节系数controlled system self-regulation coefficient电网负载特性系数network load characteristic coefficient水轮机转矩对水头的传递系数transmission coefficient of turbine torque to head水轮机转矩对导叶[喷针]接力器行程的传递系数transmission coefficient of turbine torque to gate[needle] servomotor stroke, turbine control transmission radio水轮机转矩对转轮叶片接力器行程的传递系数transmission coefficient of turbine torque to blade servomotor stroke流量对转速的传递系数transmission coefficient of discharge to speed流量对水头的传递系数transmission coefficient of discharge to head流量对导叶[喷针]接力器行程的传递函数transmission coefficient of discharge to gate [needle] servomotor stroke流量对转叶接力器行程的传递函数transmission coefficient of discharge to blade servomotor stroke。
水轮机词汇
一、TYPE OF TURBINETurbineWater turbineWater wheel turbineHydraulic turbineHydraulic prime moverVertical shaft turbineVertical type turbineHorizontal shaft turbineHorizontal type turbineReaction turbineOverpressure turbineFrancis turbineRadial-axial flow turbineMixed flow turbineInward-flow turbineCentrevent turbineAxial flow hydraulic turbineAxial water turbinePropeller turbineAdjustable and fixed-blade propeller hydraulic turbine Movable-blade propeller turbineVariable-pitch propeller turbine Adjustable-blade propeller turbine Pressure turbineKaplan turbineFixed-blade propeller turbine Fixed-pitch propeller turbine Nagler turbineMixed flow variable turbine Diagonal flow turbineDeriaz turbineCentripetal turbineRadial flow turbineImpulse turbineAction turbineConstant-pressure turbine Pelton turbineScoop turbineJet-type impulse turbinePelton wheelImpulse wheelTangential flow turbineTurgo impulse turbineDouble turgo turbineInclined-jet turbineAxial flow impulse turbineSingle jet type turbineTwo-jet type turbineMulti-jet type turbineCross-flow turbineDoubleshot turbinePanki turbineUndershot turbineTubular turbineThroughflow turbineBulb tubular turbineBulb turbineFrontal type turbineCross type turbineFront shaft-extension type tubular turbine Shaft-extension type tubular turbine Rear shaft-extension tubular turbine Reversible pump turbinePump turbineInclined shaft turbineSingle runner type turbine Two-runner type turbine Twin-runner type turbine Single discharge type turbine Double discharge type turbine Pit-type turbineSpiral casing-type turbine Spiral-cased turbineSemi-spiral turbineFull spiral case turbine Open vlvme type turbine Conical turbineBoiler-type turbineShell type turbineTandem type turbine Double type turbineTwo shaft turbineTwo water turbineTwin type turbineSingle speed type turbine Two-speed type turbineRim-generator turbineUpstream-bulb turbineDownstream-bulb turbineStraflo turbine二、GENERAL TERMSReport of investigationPreliminary designEnlarging preliminary designTechnical designConstruction designDesign specificationOverall designGeneral drawingGeneral installation drawingCreeting drawingAssembly drawingInstallation diagramSide-viewPerspective drawingSection drawingPreliminary sketchDiagrammatic sketchDetail drawingWorking drawingFinal drawing Completion drawingTop viewLayoutGeneral layoutMaster plan SpecificationInstruction book Standard specification Operation manual Operating specification Basic sizeHydraulic development Hydraulic engineering Water power engineering Water powerLayout of hydraulic system Hydraulic project planning CascadeFlow cascade Hydroelectric boardHydraulic power Hydraulic power plant Hydraulic power station Hydroelectric power plant Hydroelectric power station Power plantReservoir power plant Diversion power station Dam-type power plant Dam-type power stationBy-dam power station Inside-dam power station Run-of-river power station Overflow power station Storage hydro power plant Semi-indoor power plant Semi-outdoor power station Underground power station Pumped storage power plant Tidal power plantBase-load power station Peak-load power stationStan-by power plant DamLasherGravity damBulk-head dam Buttress dam Debris damArch damArch gravity dam Multi arch dam Shell arch dam Embankment Earth damEarth-fall dam Embankment dam Dike/dykeRock dyke dam Rock embankment Dome damHollow gravity dam WeirFlood detention damRegulating dam Overflow dam Spill weir dam Separation dam Spur dikeGroinStorage dam Submerged dam Debris barrier Vaulted dam Diversion dam Cofferdam Main dam Auxiliary dam BarrageDam site Reservoir Storage reservoir Storage basin StorageDead storage Available storageEffective reservoir volume Total storagePower storage Operating storage Multiseasonal storage Reservoir capacity Reservoir areaStorage tankPoolHeadHeadworkOverall lengthOverall areaGross areaSkin areaSectional areaCross sectional area Through-flow cross section StreambedRiver bedDischarge waterMain streamRiver fallIntakeDrainage areaPulsating flowHead tankDead water ConsumptionEnergy dissipation Layout of powerhouse Auxiliary apparatus Auxiliary equipment Auxiliary machinery Hydraulic machinery Water turbine generator set Hydraulic generator set Hydroelectric set Generation unitGensetTotal power of station Installed capacity Station capacity Auxiliary stationMain machine hall Machine hallMain generating room HeadraceCanal head Diversion work Diversion construction Channel Convergence channel Intake canal Discharge canal Open canalSpur canalFlumeNon-pressure flume Open flume Pressure flumePitDuctSluiceRegulating sluice Regulating lockScour outlet channel Flood spillway Overflow weir Sand escape Diversion canal Diversion channel TailraceTubingPipePipeline system Circulating pipe Overflow SpillwayConduit pipeDrain pipe Hydraulic pipe line Overflow pipe Conduit Hydraulic mainBy-passPenstockBuried penstockPenstock reducer CulvertScreenTrash racksTrash screens Coarse rackCage screenStop log aqueductpierOutletWater outletBaseBasic line HorizonMaximal headwater PeakMain drainRunCurrent of water Gravity flow Unsteady flowV ortex flowFlow in continuum Channel flow Laminar flow Whirl flbre flow EddyEddy flowFlow patternFlow form CirculationFlow line Streamline Circulating current Axial flowRadial flowRadial inward flow Radial outward flow Flow fieldFlow surfaceFlow linePower house Master control roomDistribution net Distribution networkAnnual energy output Generator floorTurbine floorSpiral casing floor Elevation of turbine centerline Zero levelEL.(elevation)Height of settingTailrace water elevation Machine floor elevation Turbine center elevation Flood elevationLevelWater elevationWater levelExcavation depthBase levelRiver levelLow water levelHigh water levelHead water levelDistributor EL.Runner EL.EL. Of erectionR.C.EL.(runner centerline elevation) Runner EL.Needle axis EL.Tailwater EL.Normal water levelNormal pool levelStorage levelNormal average pool level Maximum pool levelMaximum flood stageMinimum pool levelDead water levelNormal pool level tailwater Dammed waterCentersCRS.(centers)Sparo unitVertical shaftInstallation work ManholeHatchAccess doorGalleryConverer way GangwayGantryService bridge Pedestrian bridge Suspension bridge Inspection manhole Inspection gallery Blade-removal opening StairwayStairsStaircaseLadderSpiral stairsWinding stairs Circular stairsStepsClimbing steps Access ladder HandrailsCraneElevatorPedalCheckered plate Observation hole WearGroove Weldment Component ClearanceGapAdjustable clearance FlawFlaw detection DiameterTail channel Tailrace canal Tailwater Tailwater channelSand basin Settling basin Settling tankSilt basinSand settling basin Surge basinSurge shaftSurge tankSurge chamber Daily pondage basin Stilling basin Baffle threshold SiphonEnergy absorber Energy killer Hydraulic structures ChannelTunnelConvey tunnel Access tunnel Tailrace tunnel Drain tunnelBy-pass tunnelWind tunnelWater tunnelGateLockIntake gateRadial gate Emergency gateQuick-closing gate Storm gateDraft tube bulkhead gate Draft tube gateSiphon trapForebayTankPipelineTubeAbrasionUnit bayFlood controlFlood detention dam Power poolTurbine generatorSupport pierSpeed increaserSpeed-increasing gearAccess shaftInlet tubeOpen water chamberPassageFairingRunner removal accessHandgear三、PARAMETER四、PERFORMANCE AND OPERATION五、TURBINE TESTING六、ROTATING PARTSRotating partPrincipal partRunnerRotorWheelPropellerWater wheelSeries of runnerRunner typeAction wheelSingle discharge runner Double discharge runnerTwin-blade runnerRunner with stainless steel blade ImpellerRunner with various metals Split runnerFabricated runnerWelding runnerCasting runnerCast steel runnerCast integrally runnerModel runnerRunner discoidThroat diameter of runner Runner diameterRunner exitRunner inletRunner outlineArea of inletArea of outletBladeVaneBucketScoopRunner bucketRunner bladeRunner vaneSuction side of the blade Back of blade Pressure side of the blade Propeller blade Impeller blade CascadeBlade cascadeLatticeCascade spacingBlade pitchVane pitchSpan of wingLeaf marginBlade journal Blade seal ring Tip clearance AirfoilAerofoilBlade shape BuckTemplateBlade shape gauge Test piece CrownRunner crown ShroudRunner shroud BandRunner band Lower rim Runner skirt Runner casing Wheel case Runner housing Housing coverCentral part of runnerDraft coneRunner hubRunner bossHub extensionRunner tipRunner coneUpper runner hub/boss cover Lower runner hub/boss cover Runner blade opening Runner vane opening Runner openingBottom of wheelBalanceStatic balanceDynamic balanceManifoldManifold pipeSpiral distributorNeedleNeedle tipNeedle stemNeedle point Needle head NozzleNozzle pipe Turbine nozzle Nozzle body Nozzle tip Nozzle seat ring Centrifugal nozzle Movable nozzle Inlet elbowInlet bendJetSingle jet Double jetMulti-jetJet brakeJet deflectorJet nozzle Deflector Runner deflector RefractorFlow deflectorInflow deviceDuctFlow-passing surface Stream surfaceWater-swept surface Angle of attachInlet angle of runner Discharge angle of runner Exit angle of runner Outlet angle of runner Outlet diameterExit diameter Discharge diameterInlet diameterNozzle diameter Runner diameterBafflerRunner levelJet diameterBlade ductAngle of bladeStroke of blade/vaneInlet edgeOutlet edgeExit edgePassageDuctBlade channel swept by waterNominal diameterBanch pipeShaftFabricated shaftWelding shaftForged shaftForged integrally shaft七、GUIDE MECHANISMFlow controlControl mechanismRegulating gearThrottling actionSpeed-control mechanism Guide apparatusGate mechanismGate operation mechanism Guide-blade apparatus DistributorGate riggingGuide-vane apparatus Guide apparatusRadial guide apparatus Inclined guide apparatus Axial guide apparatus BladeVaneGuide vaneGuide bladeWicket gateGate guide vane journal Guide vane trunnion Gate stem八、EMBEDDED PARTSEmbeded partsInlet partsFixed partsSpiral caseScroll casingScroll caseV olute casing/caseCasingCaseWheel casingSpiral casingConcrete spiral casingPlate spiral casingSheet metal spiral casingRound section spiral casingRectangular section spiral casingSpiral casing with stay ringCast iron spiral casingCast steel spiral casingSemi-spiral casingSemi-scroll casingNose angle of spiral casingNose of spiral casingRadius of spiral casingEntrance diameter of spiral casing InletliningVelocity coefficient of spiral-casing Expansion jointStay ringStay-vane ringThroat ringUpper ringLower ringBottem ringStay bladeStay vaneSteel blend stay vaneStay of spiral casingBaffle stay vaneBaffle vaneUpstream edge of stay vane Downstream edge of stay vaneRunner chamberRunner wall ringRunner chamber lower ring Runner chamber upper ring Runner housing Diacharge ring Intermediate top plate Lower top plateDraft tubeDraught tubeStraight draft tube Conical draft tubeBend draft tubeElbow draft tubeBell-shaped draft tube Straight conical draft tube Straight taper draft tube Divergent shaped draft tube Hydraucone draft tube Spreading draft tube Throat ringElbowElbow tubeInlet bendDraft tube diffuserDraft bendHorizontal long of draft tube Draft tube axisDraft tube depthAxis length of draft tube Draft tube lengthDraft tube protecting ring Draft tube liningDraft tube linerDraft tube roofEfficiency of draft tube Dynamic draft tubeBarrelFoundating platePitOpen pitDischarge pitPit linerSpiral-shaped pitTurbine pitTurbine chamberFoundating ringSpiral case extensionSkirt plateTest headFixed guide wheelOuter gate barrelInner gate barrel九、GOVERNOR AND AUTOMATION十、OIL,AIR AND WATER SYSTEM 十一、MISCELLANEOUS十二、PUMP AND PUMP--TURBINE。
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CN EN安装高程setting elevation安全阀safe valve安装图wiring layout Installation diagram按合同in accordance with contract布置图arrangement plan比转速specific speed比例增益proportional gain补气air admission/air supply补气装置air supply device电压器transformer本图只供电this drawing is for design reference备用16件spare parts 16 pieces标准件standard components不可调式水non-regulated hydraulic machinery 冲击式水轮impuls turbine操作架crosshead初生空化系incipient cavitation factor初始压力initial pressure尺寸图dimensional drawing××尺寸暂the measurements of ×× is tentative出厂workshop初步设计preliminary design侧视Side-view测速装置speed senser测压管pipe of measuring pressure测频单元frequency senser厂房地平ground导水机构distributor垫圈washer顶盖headcover top cover底环bottom ring导水机构distributor导叶guide vane导叶臂guide vane lever rocker arm导叶连杆guide vane link导叶过载保guide vane overload protection device 导叶止推轴guide vane thrust bearing导叶轴承guide vane bearing导叶轴guide vane shaft导叶销guide vane pin导叶轴套guide vane bushings导叶轴密封guide vane stem seal导叶端面密guide vane end seal导叶立面密guide vane seal导叶限位块guide vane stop block导叶接力器individual gu导轴承guide bearing导叶轴压盖the gland of guide Vane shaft导流盖diversion cover导流部分diversion part大气压atmospheric pressure电机motor低压力under pressure调查报告report of investigation电液调速器electro-hydraulic governor电液转换器electro-hydraulic transducer/servovalve 低压机组LV units电源electricity supply电压voltage电流current（主）断路（main ）circuit breaker地脚孔anchor bolt hole地钩fixation hook地脚螺栓foundation bolt吊环螺钉lifting eye screw吊环rings吊钩lift hook镀锌管galvanized pipe电站预埋embedded by power station电站配割焊welding and cutting电站自行设designed by power station电站自备power station self-provided丁氰橡胶thiakol rubber单耳止动弹one ear stop spring coil灯泡式水轮bulb turbine蝶阀butterfly valve额定rated峨眉山市驰Chicheng Machinery Co.,Ltd二期混泥土Second Concrete反击式水轮reaction turbine分半键split key飞逸runaway speed飞逸特性曲runaway speed curve分段关闭装step closing device辅助接力器auxiliary servomotor辅助设备auxiliary equipment封面surface plot负载on load辅助常闭auxiliary normally close封水座seal block （pedestal of seal water）封水装置seal water devise发电机出风generator vents方向自定direction customised方头短圆柱square set screws with short dog point and coneend 放水阀drain valve放水旋塞drain cock放水管盖offlet cover发电机generator孤立运行isolated operation工作油压operating oil pressure工作油压上upper /lower limit of operating oil pressure功率（表）power （meter ）工况operating condition固定导叶stay vane固定盘fixed plate贯流式水轮tubular turbine工程竣工图completion drawing规范Specification盖形螺母cap nut钢steel钢垫steel liners钢背复合自steel backing composite self-lubricating material 管路部分pipe section混流式水轮Francis turbine蝴蝶阀butterfly valve缓冲装置damping device缓冲器dashpot缓冲装置时time constant of damping device电气缓冲electrical damper焊接welding后盖板back cover回油箱oil sump tank接力器servomotor接力器行程servomotorst roke接力器最短minimum servomoter closing time机坑里衬pit liner接管connecting pipe径向力radial force机械效率mechanical efficiency绝对压力absolute pressure加权平均水weighted average head净水头net head进水管water inlet进人门mandoor检修密封stand still seal剪断销shear pin基础环foundation ring机组unit技术设计technical design机械液压调mechanical hydraulic governor 截止阀globe valve减压板decompression plate接地栓grounding spigot静态特性static characteristic加速时间常derivative time constant可调式水力regulated hydraulic machinery 可调油轴承adjustable oil bearing控制环regulating ring抗磨板facing plates抗磨滑块wear slider block空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空化系数cavitation factor开关保险丝switch-fuse空气开关air-operated switch扩大初步设enlarging preliminary design 开度限制机opening limit mechanism空载no-load可控硅SCR开槽圆柱头slotted pan head screw漏油箱leak oil tank流量discharge力特性force character临界空化系critical cavitation factor联轴螺栓couping bolt连杆link连杆装配link assembly立式机组vertical unit励磁屏excitation screen螺母nut连板铜套copper cover with plate六角薄螺母hexagon thin nut六角头螺栓hexagon headed bolt螺尾锥销nut tail cone pin螺旋扣turnbuckle（尾水管）the drag hook of （tail water）拉环suspension link拉板pulling plate连接法兰coupling flange埋入部件embedded component摩擦装置friction device毛水头gross head目录list明细表order sheet灭磁de-excitation面板panel密封环sealing ring内螺纹旋塞internal-thread plug valve内接头internal-thread connecting tubeO型密封圈平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve through flow butterfly valve平键key旁通阀by-pass valve盘形阀mushroom valve ，hollow-cone valve ，howell-Bunger valve 配压阀distributing valve排至集水井lead the water into the collector well排水孔drain hole排水管drain pipe排水阀座pedestal of draw off valve平垫圈plat washer偏心销eccentric pin爬梯ladder驱动器driver球阀rotary valve ball valve spherical valve起励initial excitation前盖板front cover全贯流式水straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit软启动器soft-starter热敏开关thermo switch死区dead band甩负荷load rejection手动运行manual operation事故低油压tripping oil pressure双漏油器double oil-filter双调整调速double regulating governor水力矩hydraulic torque水流惯性时water interia time constant水推力hydraulic thrust水封压板seal pressure plate射流入射角jet inclined angle射流直径jet diameter水轮发电机hydroelectric generating set水锤water hammer水封装配seal water assembly水力机械hydraulic machinery水导轴承装assembly of the bush of water flowing diversion bearing式中type in输入功率input power输出功率power output梳齿密封座comb-tooth-type Seal block（upper/ below） comb-tooth ring（下/上）梳设计水头design head速度水头elocity head受油器oil head上冠crown双击式水轮double-flow turbine cross-flow turbine施工图设计construction design设计规范design specification示意图Diagrammatic sketch施工图Working drawing说明书Instruction book水斗式水轮Pelton turbine scoop turbine双击式水轮cross-flow turbine受油器oil head输入（输出input （output ）power水力的hydraulic水力机械hydraulic machinery水电站hydropower station双头螺柱stud三通旋塞three way cock竖井贯流式pit turbine通流式调速through flow type governor推拉杆push and pull rod调速轴regulating shaft （governor shaft）调速耳座speed lug调速环铜套copper sheathing of speed ring调速机构speed institutions（regulating mechamism）调速系统governing system弹垫圈spring washer通用件standard parts铜套copper bush蜗壳spiral case蜗室剖面图section plane views蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose尾水闸门tail water sluice gate尾水管draft tube tail water piping尾水管扩散draft tube outlet part尾水管支墩draft tube pier尾水管里衬draft tube liner外购procurement卧式horizontal unit斜流式水轮inclined jet turbine diagonal turbine斜流转桨式Deriaz turbine斜流定桨式fixed blade of Deriaz turbine下环band下游最低尾minimum tail-water level泄水锥runner cone discharge cone 协连装置combination device相序采样phase sequence sampling橡胶条rubber橡胶轴承rubber bearing橡胶圈rubber ring橡胶管rubber pipe选用select旋塞阀plug valve旋转方向direction of rotation相似工况similar operating condition 协联工况combined condition现场焊缝field welding压力罐式调governor with pressure tank 压盖gland油压装置oil pressure supply unit油箱座tank block油箱tank引导阀pilot distributing valve引水室flume叶片blade叶片枢轴runner blade trunnion叶轮impeller圆柱销cylindrical pin圆锥销taper pin压板pressure plate预埋至机坑embedded into foundation pit 永态转差系permanent speed droop一期混泥土First Concrete一件 a piece of（水轮机）（turbine ）performance curve 整体设计overall design总图general drawing总装图general installation drawing 装配图assembly drawing组合件assemblies组画Section drawing主视图top view主图Master plane闸阀gate valve止回阀check valve轴流式水轮axial turbine轴流转桨式Kaplan turbine轴流调桨式Thoma turbine轴流定桨式Propeller turbine真空破坏阀vacuum break valve座环stay ring锥形尾水管conical draft tube肘形尾水管elbow draft tube肘型管elbow转动部件rotating component转轮runner止漏环wearing ring轴套shaft sleeve轴领guide bearing collar轴瓦guide bearing shoe轴承体guide bearing housing轴承座bearing support轴承架bearing retainer转轮室runner chamber支持盖inner head cover支撑环support ring支墩buttress dam转轮体runner hub转叶机构mechanism of runner blade转轮叶片接runner blade servomotor最大（最小maximum （minimum ） head中间接力器pilots ervomotor中间轴承the middle bearing主配压阀中meutral position of main distributing vavle主阀main valve整流回路rectification circuit最低尾水位min tail water level锥管段cone主轴密封mail shaft seal暂态转差系temporary speed droop止推垫片stopping shim装配assembly罩子cover直锥尾水管straight tap直通旋塞straight through type cock针形阀needle valve组焊件assembly and welding part导轴承guide bearing（水轮机）（turbine ）efficiency hill diagram ，combined characteristic curve 最优比转速optimum specific speed专用工具special tool位置水头potential head压力水头pressure head速度水头velocity head总水头head毛水头gross head 净水头net head额定水头rated head 设计水头design head。