精品解析：河南省郑州市第一中学2017-2018上期高三一轮复习理科综合模拟测试卷(一)生物试题(解析版)
【全国百强校word版】河南省郑州一中2018届高三上学期物理一轮复习阶段性检测试题(3)(带解析)
一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分，其中1~7为单选，8~12为多选题1．如图所示，绷紧的水平传送带始终以恒定速率1v 运行，传送带大小为2v 的小物块从与传送带登高的光滑水平地面上的A 处滑上传送带，若从小物块上传送带开始计时，小物块在传送带上运动的v-t 图像，（以地面为参考系），如图乙所示，已知21v v >，则A ．2t 时刻，小物块离A 处的距离达到最大B ．2t 时刻，小物块相对传送带滑动的距离达到最大C ．0~2t 时间内，小物块受到的摩擦力方向先向右后向左D ．0~2t 时间内，小物块始终受到大小不变的摩擦力作用2．一个质点受两个互成锐角的恒力1F 和2F 作用，由静止开始运动，若运动过程中保持二力方向不变，但1F 突然增大到1F F +∆，则质点以后 A ．继续做匀变速直线运动B ．在相等时间内速度的变化一定相同C ．可能做匀速直线运动D ．可能做变加速曲线运动3．如图所示，A 、B 两质点从同一点O 分别以相同的水平速度0v 沿x 轴正方向抛出，A 在竖直平面内运动，落地点为1P ；B 沿光滑斜面运动，落地点为2P ，1P 和2P 在同一水平面上，不计阻力，则下列说法正确的是A ．A 、B 的运动时间相同 B ．A 、B 沿x 轴方向的位移相同C ．A 、B 运动过程中的加速度大小相同D ．A 、B 落地时速度大小相同4．假设地球可视为质量均匀分布的球体，已知地球表面重力加速度在两极的大小为0g ，在赤道的大小为g ，在赤道的大小为g ，地球自转的周期为T ，引力常量为G ，地球的密度为 A ．0203()g g GT g π- B ．0203()g GT g g π- C ．23GT π D ．023g GT g π 5．如图所示，将一篮球从地面上方B 点斜向上抛出，刚出垂直击中篮板上A 点，不计空气阻力，若抛射点B 向篮板方向水平移动一小段距离，仍使抛出的篮球垂直击中A 点，则可行的是A ．增大抛射速度0v ，同时减小抛射角θB ．减小抛射速度0v ，同时减小抛射角θC ．增大抛射角θ，同时减小抛出速度0vD ．增大抛射角θ，同时增大抛出速度0v6．2013年6月13日，“神舟一号”飞船与“天宫一号”目标飞行器在离地面343km 的圆轨道上成功进行了我国第5次载人空间交会对接，在进行对接前，“神舟十号”飞船在比“天宫一号”目标飞行器较低的圆形轨道上飞行，这时“神舟十号”飞船的速度为1v ，“天宫一号”目标飞行器的速度为2v ，“天宫一号”目标飞行器运行的圆轨道和“神舟十号”飞船运行的圆轨道最短距离为h ，由此可求得地球的质量为A ．22122212()hv v G v v +B ．1212()hv v G v v -C ．22122212()hv v G v v - D ．1212()hv v G v v + 7．如图，在竖直平面内，滑道ABC 关于B 点对称，且A 、B 、C 三点在同一水平线上，若小滑块第一次由A 滑到C ，所用的时间为1t ，第二次由C 滑到A ，所用的时间为2t ，小滑块两次的初速度大小相同且运动过程始终沿着滑道滑行，小滑块与滑道的动摩擦因数恒定，则A ．12t t <B ．12t t =C ．12t t >D ．无法比较12t t 、的大小 8．质量均为m 的A 、B 两个小球之间连接一个质量不计的弹簧，放在光滑的台面上，A 球紧靠墙壁，如果所示，今用恒力F 将B 球向左挤压弹簧，达到平衡时，突然将力撤去，此瞬间A ．A 球的加速度大小为2F mB ．A 球的加速度大小为0C ．B 球的加速度大小为2F m D ．B 球的加速度大小为Fm9．如图所示，A 、B 两球分别套在两光滑的水平直杆上，两球通过一轻绳绕过一定滑轮相连，现在将A 球以速度v 向左匀速移动，某时刻连接两球的轻绳的水平方向的夹角分别为αβ、，下列说法正确的是A ．此时B 球的速度为cos cos v αβ B ．此时B 球的速度为sin sin v αβC ．在β增大到90°的过程中，B 球做匀速运动D ．在β增大到90°的过程中，B 求做加速运动10．如图所示，某物体自空间O 点以水平初速度0v 抛出，落在地面上的A 点，其轨迹为一抛物线，现仿此抛物线制作一个光滑滑动并固定在与OA 完全重合的位置上，然后将此物体从O 点由静止释放，受微小扰动而沿此滑道滑下，在下滑过程中物体未脱离滑道，P 为滑道上一点，OP 连线与竖直方向成45°，角，则此物体A ．由O 点运动到P 点的时间为2v gB ．物体经过P 点时，速度的水平分量为5C ．物体经过P 点时，速度的竖直分量为0vD ．物体经过P 点时的速度大小为02v11．如图所示，竖直放置的光滑圆轨道被固定在水平地面上，半径r=0.4m ，最低点处有一小球（半径比r 小很多），现给小球一水平向右的初速度0v ，则要使小球不脱离圆规道运动，0v 应当满足 （210/g m s =），（ ）A ．00v ≥B ．04/v m s ≥C ．0/v s ≥D ．0/v s ≤ 12．如图所示，轻质弹簧的一端与固定的竖直板P 栓接，另一端与物体A 相连，物体A 置于光滑水平桌面上，右端接一细线，细线绕过光滑的定滑轮与物体B 相连，开始时用手托住B ，让细线恰好伸直，然后由静止释放B ，直至B 获得最大速度，下列有关该过程的分析正确的是A ．B 物体的动能增加量等于B 物体重力势能的减少量 B ．B 物体的机械能一直减小C ．细线拉力对A 做的功等于A 物体与弹簧所组成的系统机械能的增加量D ．B 物体机械能的减少量等于弹簧的弹性势能的增加量 二、实验题13．某同学在“探究弹力和弹簧伸长的关系”的实验中，测得图中弹簧OC 的劲度系数为500N/m ，如图1所示，用弹簧OC 和弹簧秤a 、b 做“探究求合力的方法”实验，在保持弹簧伸长1.00cm 不变的条件下：（1）若弹簧秤a 、b 间夹角为90°，弹簧秤a 的读数是______N （图2中所示），则弹簧秤b 的读数可能为______N 。
河南省郑州市第一中学2018届高三上学期一轮复习单元检测(一)(第二次入学考试)生物试题
18 届高三一轮复习理科综合单元检测生物试题说明：1、本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。
满分300 分，考试时间150 分钟。
一、选择题：本大题共13 小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．细胞的生命活动离不开其物质基础和结构基础，下列相关叙述正确的是（）A．真核细胞与原核细胞均具有生物膜和生物膜系统B．所有的细胞器中均含有蛋白质，能间接说明蛋白质的重要性C．同一生物不同细胞中的基因相同、mRNA 相同，但蛋白质不同D．线粒体和叶绿体中的遗传物质主要是R NA2．酶和A TP 是与细胞代谢活动密切相关的两类物质，下列关于这两类物质的表述错误的是（）A．酶的合成场所可以是核糖体也可以是细胞核B．能够合成酶的细胞肯定能够合成A TP C．腺苷含有C、H、O、N、P 元素，即A TP 中的AD．有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸各阶段均需要酶参与，但不是每个阶段都有A TP 产生3．一个成年人大概具有1014 个细胞，而这些细胞都是经受精卵分裂而来，下列关于人体细胞分裂的相关叙述正确的是（）A．造血干细胞既能进行有丝分裂，又能进行减数分裂B．癌变的细胞，细胞周期将变长C．有丝分裂的细胞中也存在同源染色体，但是不会出现联会现象D．细胞中D NA 分子数：染色体数=2:1 只会出现在有丝分裂，不会出现在减数分裂4．细胞分裂是生物体一项重要的生命活动，是生物体生长、发育、繁殖和遗传的基础。
据图判断下列选项不正确的是（）A ．图①②对应于图④中的BC 段，图③对应于图④中的DE 段B ．若图③是雌性动物体内细胞分裂的结果，则该细胞一定由次级卵母细胞分裂而成C ． 若动物睾丸内的一个细胞正进行分裂如图②，此细胞一定不会产生 A B 的精子D ．若某植株的一个细胞正在进行分裂如图①，该植物不一定是单倍体5．以下选项中所涉及的相对性状均由两对等位基因控制，哪个选项的结果不能说明两对 基因符合自由组合（）A ．高杆抗病个体自交子代性状分离比为 9:3:3:1B ．红花同白花杂交，F 1 均为红花，F 1 自交，F 2 性状分离比红：白 9:7C ．黄色圆粒（AaBb ）个体同绿色皱粒个体交配，子代表现型比例为 1:1:1:1D ．长翅白眼（Aabb ）同残翅红眼（aaBb ）个体交配，子代表现型比例为 1:1:1:16．某植物子叶的黄色（Y ）对绿色（y ）为显性，圆粒种子（R ）对皱粒种子（r ）为显性。
河南省郑州市第一中学2017-2018上期高三一轮复习理科综合模拟测试卷(一)生物试题含答案
河南省郑州市第一中学2017-2018上期高三一轮复习理科综合模拟测试卷（一）生物试题一、选择题:1。
质子泵是指能逆浓度梯度转运H+的一种膜蛋白。
下列关于质子泵的叙述正确的是A。
细胞膜的组成成分是质子泵等膜蛋白和磷脂B。
通过质子泵的运输方式与进入神经元的方式相同C。
质子泵行使其功能时能够改变生物膜内外的pH值D.质子泵的元素组成与血红蛋白的元素组成一定相同2。
白细胞包含中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞等，白细胞被誉为人体与疾病斗争的“卫士”。
下列关于白细胞的叙述正确的是A.部分白细胞既能接受抗原刺激，也能分化成浆细胞B.被病原体感染的白细胞的清除属于细胞坏死的范畴C。
嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞内核基因种类不同D.白细胞吞噬病菌时消耗的ATP均产生于线粒体3。
某同学将新鲜洋葱鱗片叶表皮细胞浸泡在一定浓度的KNO3溶液中,观察到表皮细胞发生了质壁分离后又出现自动复原.下列相关叙述错误的是A.与质壁分离及复原相关的细胞器有线粒体和液泡等B。
导致细胞发生质壁分离的内因主要是原生质层和细胞壁的伸缩性不同C。
细胞质壁分离及复原过程中既有ATP的消耗,又能体现细胞膜的流动性D。
最好选择洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞，以防止材料本身的颜色对实验的干扰4。
下列有关植物激素的叙述错误的是A.生长素对同一器官的作用表现出两重性时,促进作用和抑制作用对应的浓度一定不同B。
顶芽产生的生长素向侧芽运输,证明生长素只能从形态学上端运输到形态学下端C.脱落酸是植物生长抑制剂，但有利于落叶植株适应寒冷季节D。
植物体内的无机物具有微量性，但无机物一定不是植物激素5.如图所示为甲、乙两种群数量的变化模型。
下列相关叙述正确的是A.图示种群数量的变化模型与DNA双螺旋模型的类型相同B.图中K值反映的是环境容纳量，该K值不受季节因素的影响C.图示反映甲种群不存在环境阻力,而乙种群始终存在环境阻力D。
图中C点时乙种群的增长速率最大，而甲种群的增长速率为定值6。
【河南省郑州市第一中学】2017届高三4月模拟调研理综试题化学试卷及答案
A ．放电时，锂在负极上发生氧化反应B ．放电时，正极的电极反应式为-+2nS+2e +2Li =Li SnC ．充电时，锂电极为阴极，与电源负极相连D ．充电时，理论上阳极失去2 mol 电子生成32 g 硫6．298 K 时，分别向体积、浓度均为-120 mL 0.1 mol L HX 的溶液、HY 溶液中滴加等浓度的NaOH 溶液，混合溶液的pH 与加入NaOH 溶液体积(V)之间的关系如图所示。
（注明：弱电解质的电离度等于已电离的电解质的量与电解质总量之比）下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．298K 时，0.1 -1mol L HX HX 溶液中的电离度为1%B ．V=10 mL 时，同时微热溶液（忽略体积变化)，逐渐增大C ．V=20 mL 时，HX 曲线对应的溶液中()()()()+-+-c Na =c X >c H =c OHD ．滴定这两种溶液时都可以选择甲基橙替代酚酞作指示剂 7．下列有关氨气的实验中，正确的是（ ）A ．制3NHB ．干燥3NHC ．收集3NHD ．吸收3NH 二、非选择题8．（14分）用辉铜矿（主要成分为2Cu S ，含少量232Fe O SiO 、等杂质）制备()232Cu OH CO ，其工艺流程如下：（1）“酸浸”过程中，将矿石粉碎，其目的是__________；加热能加快矿石粉“酸浸”速率，但温度不宜过高，其原因是__________。
（2）2Cu S 和硝酸反应，其还原产物为NO 。
已知1 mol 2Cu S 完全反应时转移10 mol 电子。
写出该反应的离子方程式：__________。
（3）“除铁”中加入过量氧化铜发生反应的离子方程式为__________。
（4）从过滤3得到的滤液中可提取一种肥料，它的化学式为__________；滤渣1的主要成分是__________（填化学式）。
（5）设计实验确认过滤2得到的滤液中是否有Fe 3+：__________。
河南省六市2018届高三第一次联考理科综合试题及答案
一、选择题：在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.下列关于细胞结构和化合物的叙述中正确的是A.植物生长素能与双缩脲试剂发生作用产生紫色反应B.中心体广泛分布于动物及低等植物细胞内，在有丝分裂前期中心体倍增并移至细胞两极C.利用植物组织培养获得单倍体幼苗时，在培养基中加入用32P标记的胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷酸，利用放射自显影技术发现放射性物质集中于染色体、线粒体叶绿体D.观察根尖有丝分裂时，可见多数细胞中均有被液泡挤到边缘的细胞核2.对下图曲线甲、乙的描述正确的是A.甲、乙可分别代表切除甲状腺后，血液中促甲状腺激素释放激素与促甲状腺激素的变化B.甲、乙表示温室大棚在晴朗的上午，大棚空气中二氧化碳和氧气浓度在8:00—12:00的变化C.甲、乙可表示质壁分离的过程中，细胞液渗透压和原生质体体积的改变D.甲、乙可表示光合作用过程中，突然停止光照后，叶肉细胞中短时间内ATP和C5含量的变化3.下图为种子发育过程和种子萌发过程中内源激素、种子含水量以及营养物质积累量的变化，据图分析，在种子发育过程中有关植物激素的作用不正确的是A.ABA促进种子贮藏蛋白的基因表达，并促进种子的脱水干燥，有利于种子的萌发B.种子发育期IAA可能参与有机物向籽粒的运输与积累C.首先出现的是CK，其主要作用是促进细胞分裂D.种子萌发期GA可以调节淀粉酶基因的表达促进种子萌发4.下列有关人体生命活动调节的叙述，错误的是A.兴奋在突触处的传递离不开生物膜的转移和融合B.线粒体可以为神经递质与突触后膜上的受体结合提供能量C.突触后膜上的电位变化与其选择透过性有关D.激素只有与靶细胞上的特异性受体结合才能发挥作用5.下图是生态系统的能量流动图解，N1—N6表示能量数值，下列有关叙述中正确的是A.蜣螂同化的能量属于第二营养级的能量B.最高营养级同化量的去向是：呼吸作用散失、用于生长、发育和繁殖、流入分解者C.草食动物N5/N4的比值大于肉食动物的这一比值D.高营养级生物呼吸散失量占自身同化量的比值通常大于低营养级的生物6.人类性染色体上的性别决定基因（SRY）决定胚胎发育成男性，人群中发现有XX男性、XY女性、XXY男性。
河南省郑州市第一中学2018届高三一轮复习综合质量评估(四)英语试题
河南省郑州市第一中学2018届高三一轮复习综合质量评估（四）英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择When Sabrina Vega was 5 years old, a friend invited her to a party held at a gym where Sabrina discovered that she loved doing gymnastics.A few nights after the party, Sabrina had a dream. She told her mother, Jahira, about the dream. Jahira said, “Sabrina said that in her dream she went to the Olympics. She described everything at this international competition. At first I did not take her story seriously.”But Sabrina kept talking about her dream. She told it to her father, David. So Jahira and David decided to pay for Sabrina to learn gymnastics.So Sabrina started to train at a special and competitive gym. Though only 7 years old, she was already training to compete at a high level. The years passed quickly. Sabrina got better and better. By the time she was 12 years old, Sabrina was training so many hours each day that she did not have time to do things that many other Americans of an age did.When Sabrina was 13, she had a chance to compete in a national gymnastics event. If she did well, the event would give her the chance to join the national team — the team that trains for the Olympics.But the family was out of money. Jahira had to tell Sabrina that she could not go. Jahira said, “Tears came to her eyes, and she said, ‘I understand’.”A week or two later, a rich family came to visit Sabrina’s gym unexpectedly. They watched Sabrina train. Then they asked to talk to her mother. The rich family offered Jahira all the money they needed!Eventually, Sabrina Vega competed at the 2012 Olympic Trials. She finished 10th in the all-round.1．Sabrina Vega had a dream to .A．go to the partyB．do gymnasticsC．take part in the OlympicsD．attend a national competition2．From the passage, we can infer .A．Sabrina’s parents were tired of her talkingB．Sabrina’s parents loved her and were moved by herC．Sabrina’s parents supported her dream even at the beginningD．Sabrina became a national team player at the age of twelve3．What does the author want to tell us?A．All roads lead to Rome.B．Early birds catch worms.C．Practice makes perfect.D．God bless the determined and hard-working.4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．A talented girl B．The caring parentsC．An Olympic dream D．A helping handDear Mom and Dad,Camp is great! I have met a lot of new friends. Jim is from California, Eric is from Iowa, and Tony is from Missouri. We have a great time together, swimming, boating, hiking, and playing tricks on other campers! Every night, we go to another tent secretly and try to scare other campers by making scary noises. It’s so funny to see them run out screaming! Now, don’t worry, Mom. I’m not going to get caught like I did last year.One thing that is different from last year is how many bugs (昆虫) there are! I have at least 100 mosquito bites and about 25 ant bites. Every time I go outside, horseflies chase me, too! Other than all these buggy bugs, I’m having the best time!Love,TylerDear Tyler,Are you sure you are okay? All of those bugs sound awful! Have you used all of the “Itch-Be-Gone” cream I got you? How about the “Ants’k Awful” lotions (护肤液) for the ant bites? You and your aunt Ethel have always seemed to attractthose nasty fire ants.Now Tyler, I am very happy that you have met some new friends and that you are having fun together. However, you MUST stop trying to scare other campers. Remember, honey, some campers may be scared easily. I want you to apologize for any anxiety you may have caused them and start being the nice, polite boy that I know you are. Do you hear me, Tyler? Please be careful. I want you to come here safely.Love,Mom5．Why did Tyler write the letter to his parents?A．To describe his interesting camp experiences.B．To express his regret about scaring others.C．To ask his parents for advice about camping.D．To tell his parents about his sufferings at camp.6．The underlined word “chase” in the first letter probably means “”. A．fly away B．get rid of C．put up with D．run after 7．Tyler’s mother advises him to .A．buy more lotion for the bitesB．return with a few friendsC．avoid scaring other campersD．turn to the police when in troubleThe ancient city of Chichen Itza in southern Mexico was one of the most powerful cities and one of the most powerful ancient cultures — the Maya. But today, no one lives there. It is only a group of old buildings. However, people from around the world still come to see it. People come to learn about its ancient culture, the culture of the Mayan people.The Mayan culture began almost 3,000 years ago and grew in parts of Central America. But about 1,000 years ago a group called the Itza invaded the city and built new parts of the city based on natural wells. They named the city Chichen Itza, which means “mouth of the well of the Itza”.The most interesting structure in Chichen Itza is the Pyramid of Kukulcan(库库尔坎金字塔), whose four sides all come together at one point at the top. Each side on the Pyramid of Kukulcan has 91 steps. And there is one more step at the top of the pyramid. The steps are as many as the days of a year. Some experts believe the Maya could have used this building to help them know when to plant crops. Each day the sun falls on a different step of the pyramid, which could be a way to follow the year.The people of Chichen Itza especially designed one building to observe and study the movement of the stars and planets. Experts say that the observatory (天文台) is one of the most complex structures the Maya built. A set of steps went up and around the observatory tower. And there were windows in the tower. Each window had a purpose. Experts believe that a person looking through one of these windows could see particular stars on particular dates. The Maya might have believed that studying the stars could tell them the future.Chichen Itza is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an important part of the world’s history.8．Visitors came to the city of Chichen Itza to .A．view its beautiful sceneryB．experience and explore the Mayan cultureC．study and observe other stars on the observatoryD．learn something about when to plant crops9．Why did the invaders name the city “mouth of the well of the Itza”？A．Because wells can be seen in or around the city.B．Because it is large in size.C．Because the city is newly-built.D．Because its location is vital.10．Which of the following is true?A．Chichen Itza is one of the World Heritages.B．The Pyramid of Kukulcan has 364 steps.C．Windows in the tower predict the weather in the future.D．The city of Chichen Itza has a long history of 3,000 years.11．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A．To evaluate the Mayan culture.B．To persuade readers to pay a visit.C．To introduce the ancient city of Chichen Itza.D．To present the development of the Mayan construction.Sunstroke is a condition that can quickly go from dangerous to deadly, especially if proper care isn’t given immediately.Sunstroke, sometimes called heatstroke, is a result of the body temperature rising above safe limits. This causes the body’s necessary functions to stop working.It’s usually pretty easy to avoid sunstroke, as long as proper action is taken. In that case, you need to act as quickly as possible to return that person’s body to a safe temperature. Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke.Call for helpCall to get an ambulance as quickly as possible. This should be the first thing you do, especially if the sunstroked person has fainted (昏迷). Also, call for help from an yone nearby if you’re in a public place. If there’s no one around, call someone nearby if they can get there sooner than an ambulance. Ask everyone to bring you as much water as possible, if there isn’t much nearby.Get the person to a cooler areaIf there’s a building nearby, aim for that. Anywhere with plenty of air conditioning and water is perfect. If a building isn’t available, bring the person to a well shaded area.Get the water flowingIf the person is still conscious, get him or her to drink water. If there’s a bathtub available, fill it with cool water and put the person in it.If your water supply is limited, you have to save it. Dampen a towel or shirt and put it on the person’s body. Focus on the face, neck, and chest.Fan the personGetting moving air over the person cools him or her down. Use anything, a towel or sheet, a shirt, your hands, or a piece of board. This is where having many people around really helps, as they can combine to fan the entire body. 12．When does a person get sunstrok?A．When the body doesn’t function.B．When proper care is given immediately.C．When someone is exposed to the sun too long.D．When the body temperature goes up beyond what one can bear.13．What is mainly discussed in the passage?A．The first aid for sunstroke.B．The cause of sunstroke.C．The chief symptoms of sunstroke.D．The essential preventions of sunstroke.14．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?A．To call for assistance from others.B．To leave the sunstroked person in the shade.C．To apply a wet towel to the person’s face.D．To help the person take some medicine.15．The text probably comes from .A．a guide book B．a book reviewC．a medical magazine D．an official document二、未知For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans. 16．. Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today, Strauss' invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world.Levis Strauss was born in Germany in 1829. 17．. He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847, before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853, Strauss worked in his brother's dry goods business. This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention. After the gold rush of 1849, Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortunes.Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals. Instead, he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners. At first, he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth. 18．. When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners. These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials tomake more.In 1873, Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets(铆钉). This made the pants last a long time. Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent. 19．.By the time Strauss died in 1902, he had made a great contribution to American fashion. 20．. The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss & Company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world.A．As a young boy, he moved with his family to the United States.B．Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable.C．He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since.D．However, he did not get lunch business from those products.E. He also made a great contribution to America's clothing-industry.F. Since they were invented by Levi Strauss, they have become a symbol of American consumer culture.G. As the business grew, Strauss got much money from it.三、完形填空My 13-year-old son and I had quite the adventure this morning! We frequently passed by a 21 landscaped yard with a nice little flower garden. I wanted to 22 my thanks for the time and effort put in by the 23 , But I’ve never seen him or her, so we went to a local grocery and bought a gift card that would leave with a 24 and a smile card the next time that I passed by.We also ran to Walmart and 25 a few $ 10 gift cards along with some note cards and our other 26 . While we were putting our things away in the car, my son 27 that a lady that had just parked next to us looked a little 28 . As soon as she entered the 29 , we grabbed a note card, made a note 30 , and added a gift card for her to find when she got back to her 31 , hoping to comfort her feelings.After that, we went for a(n) 32 breakfast. The restaurant was pretty 33 and the people working in the kitchen seemed to be busy forever. A young couple 34 across the dining table from us was having some trouble with their 35 , who looked to be about four or five. He grew 36 and impatient with the wait and they had their hands 37keeping him from making troubles.I remember being in their 38 , so I stopped their 39 and had their breakfast added to my check. Great 40 to my day, and I can’t wait to do it again! 21．A．smoothly B．carelessly C．roughly D．beautifully 22．A．express B．recognize C．design D．accept23．A．nurse B．dentist C．gardener D．passer-by24．A．present B．note C．book D．diploma25．A．bought B．borrowed C．sold D．imported26．A．instruments B．desserts C．vegetable D．groceries 27．A．suspected B．observed C．imagined D．reserved28．A．elegant B．generous C．excited D．upset29．A．store B．clinic C．bank D．nursery30．A．slowly B．unwillingly C．quickly D．shyly31．A．house B．car C．bike D．bench32．A．early B．boring C．expensive D．late33．A．decorated B．empty C．packed D．deserted34．A．lain B．loaded C．seated D．arranged35．A．son B．daughter C．dog D．pet36．A．defenseless B．tireless C．careless D．restless37．A．available B．full C．normal D．necessary38．A．shorts B．gloves C．shoes D．socks39．A．waitress B．child C．customer D．hostess40．A．end B．start C．story D．dream四、用单词的适当形式完成短文Have you ever noticed how hard it can be to find the right words? I have, frequently! And there are times 41． I am certain the right words do not even exist.More than once I have been called to a hospital emergency room or to be with a family around the bed of a 42．(die) relative. And more than once I’ve been at a 43． (lose) for words.44． wise doctor at a university teaching hospital once made a comment aboutcomforting those who suffer. Someone asked the doctor 45． advice he offered his students, the future doctors, when caring for mothers who gave birth 46． lifeless babies. The d octor paused for a moment. Then he said, “I tell them they need two eyes. With one eye they have to check the drip. And with the 47．they have to weep. That’s what I tell them.”That may be some of 48．(wise) advice I’ve heard. We may not always need to fi gure out what to say; we really only need two eyes. In Emily Dickinson’s words, “Saying nothing sometimes says the most.” It says I want to walk alongside them, difficult 49． it may be. My 50． (present) is something they can draw real strength and hope from.五、短文改错51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
【全国百强校】河南省郑州市第一中学2018届高三上学期一轮复习单元检测(一)理综物理试题(PDF版)
二、选择题（本大题共8小题，每小题6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一项符合题目要求，有的有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分）14、两支完全相同的光滑直角弯管(如图1所示)现有两只相同小球a 和a /同时从管口由静止滑下，问谁先从下端的出口掉出？(假设通过拐角处时无机械能损失)（）A 、a B 、b C 、ab 同时掉出D 、无法确定15、甲车在前以15m/s 的速度匀速行驶，乙车在后以9m/s 的速度匀速行驶。
当两车相距32m 时，甲车开始刹车，加速度大小为1m/s 2。
问经多少时间乙车可追上甲车？（）A 、10.06sB 、16sC 、4sD 、追不上Vv a a’V 1V 2l 1l 1l 2l 2图116、航空母舰以一定的速度航行，以保证飞机能安全起飞，某航空母舰上的战斗机起飞时的最大加速度是a=5.0m/s2,速度须达V=50m/s才能起飞，该航空母舰甲板长L=160m,为了使飞机能安全起飞，航空母舰应以多大的速度V0向什么方向航行？（）A、10m/s与飞机起飞方向相同B、30m/s与飞机起飞方向相同C、10m/s与飞机起飞方向相反D、20m/s与飞机起飞方向相反17、如图所示，一固定的细直杆与水平面的夹角为α=15°，一个质量忽略不计的小轻环C套在直杆上，一根轻质细线的两端分别固定于直杆上的A、B两点，细线依次穿过小环甲、小轻环C和小环乙，且小环甲和小环乙分居在小轻环C的两侧．调节A、B间细线的长度，当系统处于静止状态时β=45°．不计一切摩擦．设小环甲的质量为m1，小环乙的质量为m2，则m1：m2等于（）A、tan15°B、tan30°C、tan60°D、tan75°18、在机械设计中常用到下面的力学原理，如图所示，只要使连杆AB与滑块m所在平面间的夹角θ大于某个值，那么，无论连杆AB对滑块施加多大的作用力，都不可能使之滑动，且连杆AB对滑块施加的作用力越大，滑块就越稳定，工程力学上称为“自锁”现象．设滑块与所在平面间的动摩擦因数为μ，为使滑块能“自锁”应满足的条件是（）A．μ≥tanθB．μ≥cotθC．μ≥sinθD．μ≥cosθ19、如图a所示，质量为m的半球体静止在倾角为θ的平板上，当θ从0缓慢增大到90°的过程中，半球体所受摩擦力F f与θ的关系如图b所示，已知半球体始终没有脱离平板，半球体与平板间的动摩擦因数为，最大静摩擦力与滑动摩擦力相等，重力加速度为g，则（）A、O～q段图象可能是直线B、q-段图象不可能是直线C、q=D、p=20、研究表明，一般人的刹车反应时间（即图甲中“反应过程”所用时间）t0=0.4s，但饮酒会导致反应时间延长。
河南省郑州市2018届高三第一次模拟理综物理试卷
河南省郑州市2018届高三第一次模拟理综物理试卷一、单选题1．关于近代物理学，下列说法正确的是A. 光电效应现象揭示了光具有波动性B. —群氢原子从n＝4的激发态跃迁时，最多能辐射6种不同频率的光子C. 卢瑟福通过 粒子散射实验证实原子核由质子和中子组成D. 氡的半衰期为3.8天，若取4个氡原子核，经过7.6天后一定剩下1个氡原子核2．如图所示，斜面体B放在粗糙的水平面上，物块A放在粗糙的斜面体B上，轻质弹簧两端分别与物块A及固定在斜面体底端的挡板拴接，初始时A、B静止，弹簧处于压缩状态。
现用力F沿斜面向上拉A，但A、B均保持静止。
下列说法正确的是A. 弹簧对挡板的弹力减小B. A、B之间的摩擦力减小C. 水平面对B的摩擦力不变D. 斜面体B对地面的压力减小3．如图所示，A为置于地球赤道上的物体，B为绕地球椭圆轨道运行的卫星，C为绕地球做圆周运动的卫星，B、C运行轨道与赤道在同一平面内，P为B、C两卫星轨道的交点，巳知A、B、C绕地心运动的周期相同，下列说法正确的是A. 卫星B在近地点的速度大于卫星C的速度B. 卫星B在P点的加速度大于卫星C的加速度C. 卫星C的运行速度小于物体A的速度D. 卫星C和物体A具有相同大小的加速度4．如图所示，真空中两等量异种点电荷Q1、Q2固定在x轴上，其中Q1带正电．三角形acd为等腰三角形，cd边与x轴垂直且与x轴相交于b点，则下列说法正确的是A. a点电势高于b点电势B. a点场强小于b点场强C. 将电子从a点移动到c点，电场力做正功D. 将电子从d点移动到b点，电势能不变二、多选题5．如图所示为一半球形的坑，其中坑边缘两点M、N与圆心等高且在同一竖直面内。
现甲、乙两位同学分别站在M、N两点，同时将两个小球以v1、v2的速度沿图示方向水平抛出，发现两球刚好落在坑中同一点Q，已知∠MOQ＝60°，忽略空气阻力。
则下列说法正确的是A. 两球拋出的速率之比为1：3B. 若仅增大v1，则两球将在落入坑中之前相撞C. 两球的初速度无论怎样变化，只要落在坑中的同一点，两球抛出的速率之和不变D. 若仅从M点水平抛出小球，改变小球抛出的速度，小球可能垂直坑壁落入坑中6．如图所示的电路中，电表均为理想电表，闭合开关S，将滑动变阻器的滑片P向右移动至某一位置，与移动前相比，下列说法正确的是A. 电流表读数变小，电压表读数变大B. 小灯泡L变亮C. 电源的输出功率一定变大D. 电容器C所带的电荷量减少7．在奥运比赛项目中，10m跳台跳水是我国运动员的强项。
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河南省郑州市第一中学2017-2018上期高三一轮复习
理科综合生物试题
一、选择题
1.质子泵是指能逆浓度梯度转运H+的一种膜蛋白。
下列关于质子泵的叙述正确的是
A. 细胞膜的组成成分是质子泵等膜蛋白和磷脂
B. 通过质子泵的运输方式与进入神经元的方式相同
C. 质子泵行使其功能时能够改变生物膜内外的pH值
D. 质子泵的元素组成与血红蛋白的元素组成一定相同
【答案】 C
【解析】
细胞膜的主要组成成分是磷脂和蛋白质（如质子泵），A错误；H+通过质子泵的运输方式为主动运输，而进
入神经元的方式是协助扩散，B错误；质子泵行使其功能时能够改变生物膜内外的H+浓度，进而改变细胞膜内外的pH值，C正确；质子泵的元素组成与血红蛋白的基本组成元素都是C、H、O、N，但是血红蛋白还含有铁离子，而质子泵没有，D错误。
2.白细胞包含中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞等，白细胞被誉为人体与疾
病斗争的“卫士”。
下列关于白细胞的叙述正确的是
A. 部分白细胞既能接受抗原刺激，也能分化成浆细胞
B. 被病原体感染的白细胞的清除属于细胞坏死的范畴
C. 嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞内核基因种类不同
D. 白细胞吞噬病菌时消耗的ATP均产生于线粒
【答案】A
【解析】
根据题干信息分析，部分白细胞中的B淋巴细胞，既能接受抗原刺激，也能分化成浆细胞，A正确；被病原体感染的白细胞的清除属于细胞凋亡，B错误；嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞来自于同一个受精卵的分裂和
分化，因此它们的核基因相同，C错误；白细胞吞噬病菌时消耗的ATP主要产生于线粒体，还可以来自于细胞质基质，D错误。
3.某同学将新鲜洋葱鱗片叶表皮细胞浸泡在一定浓度的KNO3溶液中，观察到表皮细胞发生了质壁分离后又出
现自动复原。
下列相关叙述错误的是
A. 与质壁分离及复原相关的细胞器有线粒体和液泡等
B. 导致细胞发生质壁分离的内因主要是原生质层和细胞壁的伸缩性不同
C. 细胞质壁分离及复原过程中既有ATP的消耗，又能体现细胞膜的流动性
D. 最好选择洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞，以防止材料本身的颜色对实验的干扰
【答案】D
【解析】
硝酸根离子和钾离子以主动运输的方式进入细胞，细胞液（液泡中的液体）的浓度高于外界溶液，植物细
胞吸水，发生质壁分离自动复原的现象，两种离子的主动运输需要线粒体供能，A正确；导致细胞发生质
壁分离的内因主要是原生质层和细胞壁的伸缩性不同，B正确；细胞质壁分离及复原过程中既有ATP的消耗，又能体现细胞膜的流动性，C正确；最好选择洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞，有紫色的大液泡，便于观察，D错误。
4.下列有关植物激素的叙述错误的是
A. 生长素对同一器官的作用表现出两重性时，促进作用和抑制作用对应的浓度一定不同
B. 顶芽产生的生长素向侧芽运输，证明生长素只能从形态学上端运输到形态学下端
C. 脱落酸是植物生长抑制剂，但有利于落叶植株适应寒冷季节
D. 植物体内的无机物具有微量性，但无机物一定不是植物激素
【答案】B
【解析】
生长素对同一器官的作用表现出两重性时，促进作用和抑制作用对应的浓度一定不同，后者的浓度高于前
者，A正确；顶芽产生的生长素向侧芽运输，只能证明生长素可以从形态学上端运输到形态学下端，但是不
能证明不能反过来运输，B错误；脱落酸是植物生长抑制剂，但有利于落叶植株适应寒冷季节，C正确；植物激素是植物体产生的对植物生长发育具有显著影响的微量有机物，D正确。
5.如图所示为甲、乙两种群数量的变化模型。
下列相关叙述正确的是
A. 图示种群数量的变化模型与DNA双螺旋模型的类型相同
B. 图中K值反映的是环境容纳量，该K值不受季节因素的影响
C. 图示反映甲种群不存在环境阻力，而乙种群始终存在环境阻力
D. 图中C点时乙种群的增长速率最大，而甲种群的增长速率为定值
【答案】 C
【解析】
图示种群数量增长曲线为S曲线，而DNA的结构为双螺旋结构，A错误；图中K值反映的是环境容纳量，该
K值受季节等环境因素的影响，B错误；图示反映甲种群不存在环境阻力，而乙种群从C点开始出现环境阻力，C错误；图中C点时乙种群的增长速率最大，而甲种群的增长速率为定值，D正确。
6.某种二倍体植物中三体植株能够存活，而四体植株不能存活。
该植物的宽叶（A)对窄叶（a)为显性，现有基因型为Aaa的三体植株（父本）与基因型为aaa的三体植株（母本）杂交，子代中宽叶正常植株与窄叶
正常植株的比值为6:11，那么子代中宽叶三体植株与窄叶三体植株的比值最接近
A. 6:11
B. 1:2.
C. 11:6
D. 1:1
【答案】D
【解析】
根据题干信息分析，为Aaa的三体植株（父本）产生的配子及其比例为A：aa：Aa：a=1：1:2:2，基因型为aaa的三体植株（母本）产生的配子及其比例为a：aa=1:1，因此后代基因型及其比例为Aaa：Aa：aaa:aaaa：Aaa：Aaaa：aa:aaa =1:1:1:1:2:2:2:2，由于四体植株不能存活，所以后代Aaa：Aa：aaa：aa =3:1:3:2，后代宽叶正常植株与窄叶正常植株的比值为1:2，与6:11接近，与题意相符合，则后代宽叶三体植株与窄
叶三体植株的比值最接近3:3=1:1，故选D。
二、非选择题
7.如图所示为芦荟和芥兰的叶肉细胞内CO2的直接来源方面的差异，回答下列相关问题:
（1）在光合作用的过程中，CO2先与C5结合形成C3，而C3转化成葡萄糖需要光反应为其提供__________。
（2）白天，芦荟和芥兰光合作用消耗的CO2的直接来源有何不同？_______________________________。
（3）芦荟和芥兰中更适合生长在干旱地区的是___________，理由是_____________________________。
（4）若白天芥兰的净光合速率的平均值为amgCO2/h，夜间芥兰的呼吸速率的平均值为bmgCO2/h，则一昼夜。