BEC高级：商业道德Business ethics 相关词汇

202X年商务英语词汇大全BEC词汇打印版

千里之行，始于足下。

202X年商务英语词汇大全BEC词汇打印版很抱歉，我不能提供BEC词汇打印版，但我可以提供BEC商务英语的一些常见词汇以供参考。

以下是一些常见的商务英语词汇:1. Market Research - 市场研究2. Competitive Analysis - 竞争分析3. Customer Relations - 客户关系4. Product Development - 产品开发5. Sales Forecasting - 销售预测6. Financial Analysis - 财务分析7. Business Strategy - 商业策略8. Investment Opportunities - 投资机会9. Supply Chain Management - 供应链管理10. Corporate Social Responsibility - 企业社会责任11. Globalization - 全球化12. Outsourcing - 外包13. Distribution Channels - 分销渠道14. E-commerce - 电子商务15. Brand Management - 品牌管理16. Human Resources - 人力资源17. Leadership Development - 领导力发展18. Business Ethics - 商业道德19. Public Relations - 公共关系20. Corporate Culture - 公司文化这些词汇可以帮助你更好地理解和使用商务英语。

是否有其他问题需要帮助的吗？第1页/共1页。

商业道德(Business Ethics)

• “Moral (Latin) and ethical (Greek) considerations”: How people ought to behave (to each other). Values of honesty, fairness, loyalty, justice, respect, etc.
• Morality is not just a question of avoiding evil (individual) but of pro-actively doing good (social).
• Justice is not just avoiding doing harm to the other person but of responding to the objective demands of the situation, to the call of a higher value.
Moral Reasoning
• Moral reasoning is the reasoning process by which human behaviors, policies, institutions are judged to be in accordance with or in violation of moral standards.
• 4. Moral standards are based on impartial considerations. Another way of expressing this is ‘universalizable’ or taking the point of view of an ‘ideal observer.’ Still, this impartiality must be balanced with partiality towards those we have a special relationship (family and friends) and the poor and the disabled.

外贸重点词汇

商业，商务，企业business 组织，企业organization 商号，企业firm责任，义务obligation 社会责任social responsibility 社会考虑，关注社会social concer ns消费者consumer 消费立法consumer legislation 消费者关心的问题consumer concerns 消费者权益倡导者consumer advocate 保护消费者利益consumerism安全权the right to safety 知情权the right to information 选择权the right to choose 投诉权the right to heard 非盈利性组织或企业nonprofit organization职业道德business ethics 调查survey 行贿，贿赂bribery 贪污embezzlement回扣kickback 生存survival 买卖公平，诚实交易honest dealing同行公司peer company 政府机关government agency 符合道德的ethical不符合道德的unethical 合法的legal 不合法的illegal 长期in the long run最大化to maximize 最小化to minimize 运行，起作用to function 抵制to boycott谴责to condemn 惠顾to patronize 与……打交道to deal with 误导to mislead谎报，弄虚作假to misrepresent 垄断to monopolize个体企业sole proprietorship 合伙企业partnership 无限责任合伙经营general partnershi p无限责任合伙人general partner 有限责任合伙经营limited partnership 有限责任合伙人li mited partner合伙协议partnership agreement 合资企业joint venture 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimitied liability 个人所得税personal income tax 债权人，债主creditor资信等级，信用等级credit rating 个人资产personal assets 许可证licence许可证permit 经营计划operating plan 行业秘密trade secret 企业行为business practic e刺激，激励incentive 成为企业合伙人to become part-owner订立合同to enter into a contract 谈判to negotiation责任有限公司corporation 股份不上市的公司private corporation 股份上市公司public cor poration公司执照corporate charter 公司管理细则corporate bylaws 公司官员corporate officers 公司创办人incorporator 招股书prospectus 公司章程articles of incorporation法人实体legal entity 法人legal being 普通股common stock 优先股preferred stock股份share 股东shareholder 红利dividents 董事会board of directors证券交易所stock exchange 税后利润after-tax profit 应税收入taxable income双重税收double taxation 合并，兼并merger 福利fringe benefits 法规rules and regul ations交易to trade 投机to speculate 转移transfer 遵守to comply with经营企业to run a business 股份上市to be listed on exchanges。

大学商务英语教材词汇表

大学商务英语教材词汇表一、单词/短语解释1. Business (n.) - 商业，商务2. Commerce (n.) - 商业活动3. Economics (n.) - 经济学4. Marketing (n.) - 市场营销5. Finance (n.) - 金融6. Management (n.) - 管理7. Accounting (n.) - 会计8. International Trade (n.) - 国际贸易9. Entrepreneur (n.) - 企业家10. Corporate (adj.) - 公司的二、常用词汇1. Product (n.) - 产品2. Customer (n.) - 客户3. Sales (n.) - 销售4. Market (n.) - 市场6. Strategy (n.) - 战略7. Advertising (n.) - 广告8. Distribution (n.) - 分销9. Supply Chain (n.) - 供应链10. Partnership (n.) - 合作伙伴三、商务交流的词汇1. Negotiation (n.) - 谈判2. Contract (n.) - 合同3. Agreement (n.) - 协议4. Proposal (n.) - 提议5. Presentation (n.) - 演讲6. Conference (n.) - 会议7. Exhibition (n.) - 展览8. Networking (n.) - 社交四、金融相关词汇1. Investment (n.) - 投资3. Bond (n.) - 债券4. Interest Rate (n.) - 利率5. Dividend (n.) - 股息6. Inflation (n.) - 通货膨胀7. Asset (n.) - 资产8. Liability (n.) - 负债9. Mortgage (n.) - 抵押贷款10. Capital (n.) - 资本五、商务英语教材常用短语1. Business Meeting - 商务会议2. Market Research - 市场调研3. Financial Analysis - 财务分析4. International Business - 国际商务5. Business Ethics - 商业道德6. Business Plan - 商业计划7. Risk Management - 风险管理8. Human Resources - 人力资源9. Customer Service - 客户服务10. Business Trip - 商务旅行结语：以上为大学商务英语教材常用词汇表，希望对学习商务英语的学生们有所帮助。

剑桥商务英语BEC中高级词汇

千里之行，始于足下。

剑桥商务英语BEC中高级词汇BEC (Business English Certificate)中高级词汇分为以下几个类别：1. 公司和组织：- 企业 (enterprise)- 公司 (company)- 组织 (organization)- 董事会 (board of directors)- 上市公司 (public limited company)- 高管 (executive)- 监事会 (supervisory board)- 公司结构 (company structure)- 企业文化 (corporate culture)- 部门 (department)- 分公司 (branch office)- 合资企业 (joint venture)- 子公司 (subsidiary)2. 财务和会计：- 财务报表 (financial statement)- 利润表 (income statement)- 资产负债表 (balance sheet)- 现金流量表 (cash flow statement)- 成本 (cost)- 利润 (profit)第1页/共3页锲而不舍，金石可镂。

- 损失 (loss)- 货币 (currency)- 预算 (budget)- 预测 (forecast)- 资本 (capital)- 资金 (funds)- 投资 (investment)3. 市场和销售：- 市场调研 (market research)- 市场份额 (market share)- 市场营销 (marketing)- 销售额 (sales revenue)- 销售策略 (sales strategy)- 客户关系管理 (customer relationship management) - 销售渠道 (sales channel)- 销售代表 (sales representative)- 促销活动 (promotional activities)- 品牌 (brand)- 市场需求 (market demand)- 市场定位 (market positioning)- 市场竞争 (market competition)4. 经济和商业：- 经济增长 (economic growth)- 萧条 (recession)- 通货膨胀 (inflation)- 利率 (interest rate)千里之行，始于足下。

国际商务专业词汇(中英文对照)

1.全球化世界贸易组织:(World Trade Organization)国际货币基金组织:(International Monetary Fund)《关税及贸易总协定》:(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)世界银行:(World Bank)国际贸易:(international trade)对外直接投资:(foreign direct investment)对外直接投资存量:(stock of foreign direct investment)外国企业:(multinational enterprise)国际企业:(international business)2.政治经济中的国家差异政治经济:(political economy)政治体制:(political system)集体主义:(collectivism)社会主义者:(socialists)共产主义者:(communists)社会民主主义者:(social democrats)私有化:(privatization)个人主义:(individualism)民主:(democracy)极权:(totalitarianism)市场经济:(maeket economy)计划经济:(command economy)法律体系:(legal system)普通法:(common law)大陆法:(civil law system)宗教法:(theocratic law system)合同法:(contract law)财产权:(property rights)私下行为:(private action)公共行为:(public action)《反海外腐败法》:(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act)知识产权:(intellectual property)专利:(patent)版权:(copyrights)商标:(trademarks)产品安全法:(product safety laws)产品责任:(product liability)3.政治经济和经济发展人均国民收入:(gross national income)购买力平价:(purchasing power parity)人文发展指数:(Human Development Index)创新:(innovation)创业者:(entrepreneurs)放松管制:(deregulation)第一进入者优势:(first-mover advantages)后进者优势:(late-mover disadvantages)政治风险:(political risk)经济风险:(economic risk)4.文化差异跨文化知识能力:(cross-cultural literacy)价值观:(values)准则:(norms)社会:(society)社会习惯:(folkways)道德准则:(ethics)社会结构:(social structure)群体:(group)社会阶层:(social strata)社会流动性:(social mobility)等级制度:(caste system)阶级制度:(class system)阶级意识:(class consciousness)宗教:(religion)伦理体系:(ethical systems)关系:(relationship)联系:(connection)权利距离:(power distance)个人主义:(individualism versus)集体主义:(collectivism)不确定性规避:(uncertainty avoidance)男性主义和女性主义:(masculinity versus femininity)儒家动力:(confucian dynamism)种族中心主义:(ethnocentrism)5.国际商务伦理商业伦理:(business ethics)伦理策略:(ethics strategy)社会责任:(socisl responsibility)伦理困境:(ethical dilemmas)组织文化:(organizayion cultural)文化相对论:(cultural relativism)道德论者:(righteous moralist)非道德论者:(native immoralist)实用主义伦理:(utilitarian approaches)权利理论:(rights theories)公正分配:(just distribution)无知之幕:(veil of ignorance)道德公约:(code of ethics)利益相关者:(stakeholders)6.国际贸易理论自由贸易:(free trade)新贸易理论:(nwe trade theory)重商主义:(mercantilism)零和博弈:(zero-sum game)绝对优势:(absolute advantage)规模报酬率:(constant returns to specialization)要素禀赋:(factor endowments)规模经济:(economies of scale)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常账户:(current account)经常账户赤字盈余:(current account deficit surplus)资本账户:(capital account)金融账户:(financial account)7.国际贸易中的政治经济自由贸易:(free trade)关税:(tariff)从量税:(specific tariffs)从价税:(ad valorem tariffs)补贴:(subsidy)进口配额:(import quota)关税配额:(tariff rate quota)自愿出口限制:(voluntary export restraint)配额租金:(quota rent)国产化规定:(local content requirement)行政管理贸易政策:(administrative trade policies)倾销:(dumping)反倾销政策:(antidumping policies)抵消性关税:(counter vailing duties)幼稚工业论:(infant industry argument)战略贸易政策:(strategic trade policy)8.国际直接投资新设投资:(greenfield invsetment)流量:(flow of FDI)存量:(stock of FDI)对外直接投资:(outflows of FDI)外来直接投资:(inflows of FDI)固定资本形成总额:(gross fixed capital formation)折中理论:(eclectic paradigm)出口:(exporting)技术授权:(licensing)内部化理论:(internalization theory)不完善理论:(market imperfections approach)寡头垄断行业:(oligopoly)多点竞争:(multipoint competition)区位优势:(location-specific advantages)外部性:(externalities)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常项目:(current account)离岸生产:(offshore production)9.区域经济一体化区域经济一体化:(regional economic integration)自由贸易区:(free trade area)关税同盟:(customs union)共同市场:(common market)经济联盟:(economic union)政治联盟:(political union)贸易创造:(trade creation)贸易转移:(trade diversion)执行董事会:(executive board)监管董事会:(governing council)最优货币区:(optional currency area)10.外汇市场外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)汇率:(exchange rate)外汇风险:(foreign exchange risk)外汇投机:(currency speculation)套息交易:(carry trade)即期汇率:(spot exchange rate)远期外汇:(forward exchange)远期汇率:(forward exchange rate)掉期:(currency swap)套汇:(arbitrage)载体货币:(vehicle currency)一价定律:(law of one price)效率市场:(efficient market)应用材料:(applied materials)费雪效应:(Fisher effect)跟风效应:(bandwagon effect)效率市场:(efficient market)无效市场:(inefficient market)自由兑换:(freely convertible)对外可兑换:(externally convertible)不可兑换:(nonconvertible)资本外逃:(capital flight)对等贸易:(counter trade)交易风险:(transaction exposure)折算风险:(translation exposure)经济风险:(economic exposure)提前策略:(lead strategy)错后策略:(lag strategy)11.国际货币体系国际货币体系:(international monetary system)浮动汇率:(floating exchange rate)盯住汇率:(pegged exchange rate)管理浮动:(dirty float)固定汇率:(fixed exchange rate)金本位制度:(gold standard)黄金平价:(gold par value)贸易收支平衡:(balance-of-trade equilibrium)管理浮动制度:(managed-float system)货币局制度:(currency board)货币危机:(currency crisis)银行危机:(banking crisis)外债危机:(foreign debt crisis)裙带资本主义:(crony capitalism)道德风险:(moral hazard)12.全球资本市场共享方差:(shared variance)对冲基金:(hedge funds)游资:(hot money)耐心货币:(patient money)外国债券:(foreign bonds)13.国际企业的战略战略:(strategy)盈利能力:(profitability)投资资本收益率:(ROIC)利润增长:(profit growth)价值创造:(value creation)运营:(operations)核心竞争力:(core competence)区位经济:(location economies)全球网络:(global web)经验曲线:(experience curve)学习效应:(learning effects)规模经济:(economies of scale)普遍需要:(universal needs)全球标准化战略:(global standardization strategy)本土化战略:(localization strategy)跨国战略:(transnational strategy)国际战略:(international strategy)14.国际企业的组织组织构架:(organizational architecture)组织结构:(organizational structure)控制系统:(control systems)奖励:(incentives)流程:(processes)组织文化:(organizational culture)垂直差异化:(vertical differentiation)水平差异化:(horizontal differentiation)建立整合机构:(integrating mechanisms)国际分部:(intermational division)世界范围的地区结构:(worldwide area structure)世界范围的产品分部:(worldwide product division structure)全球矩阵结构:(global matrix structure)知识网络:(knowledge network)个人控制:(personal control)行政组织结构:(bureaucratic control)产出控制:(output control)文化控制:(cultural control)绩效模糊:(performance ambiguity)15.进入战略和战略联盟战略联盟:(strategic alliance)私营部门债务:(private-sector debt)进入时机:(timing of entry)先入者优势:(first-mover advantages)开拓成本:(pioneering costs)交钥匙工程:(turnkey project)技术授权协议:(licensing agreement)技术授权协议:(cross-licensing agreement)特许经营:(franchising)合资企业:(joint venture)全资子公司:(wholly owned subsidiary)16.出口、进口和对等贸易出口管理公司:(export management company)信用证:(letter of credit)汇票:(draft)即期汇票:(sight draft)远期汇票:(time draft)提单:(bill of lading)进出口银行:(Export-Import-Bank)对等贸易:(counter trade)易货贸易:(barter)互购:(counter purchase)抵销:(offset)转手贸易:(switch trading)回购:(buy back)从价关税:(ad valorem tariff)委托代销:(consignment)禁运:(embargo)全球配额:(global quota)无形贸易壁垒:(invisible barriers to trade)信用证:(letter of credit)重商主义:(mercantilism)201条款:(section 201)17.全球生产、外包与物流生产:(production)物流:(cogistics)全面质量管理:(total quality management)六西格玛:(six sigma)最小效率规模:(minimum efficient scale)柔性制造技术:(flexible manufacturing technology)精益生产:(lean production)大规模定制:(mass customization)柔性机器单元:(flexible machine cells)价值重量:(value-to-weight)全球学习:(global learning)来源决策:(make-or-buy decisions)专业化资产:(specialized asset)动态能力:(dynamic capabilities)即时存货:(just-in-time)电子数据交换:(electronic data inferchange) 18.全球营销与开发营销组合:(marketing)市场细分:(market segmentation)集中零售体系:(concentrated retail system)分散零售体系:(fragmented retail system)渠道长度:(channel length)独占性的分销渠道:(exclusive distribution channel)渠道质量:(channel quality)源效应:(source effects)原产国效应:(country of orign effects)噪声:(noisy)推策略:(push strategy)拉策略:(pull strategy)需求价格弹性:(price elasticity of demand)富有弹性:(elastic)缺乏弹性:(inelastic)策略性定价:(strategic pricing)掠夺性定价:(predatory pricing)多点定价:(multipoint pricing)经验曲线定价:(experience curve pricing) 19.全球人力资源管理人力资源管理:(human resource management)外派经理:(expatriate manager)人员配备政策:(staffing policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)外派人员:(expatriates)内派人员:(inpatriates)外派失败:(expatriate failure)自我倾向:(self-orientation)他人倾向:(others-orientation)感知能力:(perceptual ability)文化刚性:(cultural thoughness)20.国际企业会计和财务会计准则:(accounting standards)审计准则:(auditing standards)内部远期汇率:(internal forward rate)货币管理:(money management)交易成本:(transaction costs)双边净额:(bilateral netting)多边净额:(multilateral)税收抵免:(tax credit)税收条款:(tax treaty)延期准则:(deferral principle)避税港:(tax havens)特许权使用费:(royalties)转移价格:(transfer price)弗罗廷贷款:(fronting loan)。

国际经贸高级英语精读与翻译

2.利益与社会责任企业社会责任和企业利益之间，德隆克曾经讲商业组织的目的是创造顾客。作为企业如果要创造更多的顾客，顾客确实为企业本身带来商业利益。作为责任来讲他本身所有的方式是参与到全过程，企业本身的利益也是和社会各个关系人联系在一起的，一直以来应该是利润最大化，要对股东负责，但事实上企业要保持一个能够持续成长的趋势，实际上不应该仅仅局限于为股东负责，实际上是站在利润最大化上面。所以我们认为，企业就像一棵种子，社会就是一块土地，如果这个企业本身能够种入到土地中间去，这个企业不是纯粹站在企业自身的利益，种子在土里死掉才能产生新的生物，长出更多的树木回馈社会。所以企业更多的时候在利益和社会责任之间找到平衡。
Unit 15 Business EthicsOnce Sold, Caveat Emptor.
2014-12-23
1
学习目标
• 本单元的要点 • 本单元主要是一篇关于商业的社会责任的不同观点的文章，以及讨论某些商业做法的论理问题的练习。有些人认为，商业的目的以及经理的作用就是为公司所有者、股份或股票持有者获取最大的利润；另外一些人认为公司绝对不能欺骗顾客，但是这只是出于商业考虑而不是出于道德上的考虑：一个对公司失望的顾客以后不再购买该公司的产品。还有一些人坚持认为公司对顾客、员工、生意上的伙伴、当地的社区、整个社会以及自然环境具有社会和道德上的责任，这种责任与为股份持有者创造金钱的回报一样重要，甚至更加重要。从课文中可以看到这些不同的观点。
3howrelationshipbetweenprofitmaximizationbusinessethics词汇和短语词汇和短语bribery贿赂builtinobsolescence内置废弃内在的废品charity慈善compensation补偿赔偿disapprove不赞成ethics伦理道德规范industrialespionage工业间谍legitimacy合法性正统性lobby游说议员词汇和短语词汇和短语perfectcompetition完全竞争pollution污染proponent建议者支持者拥护者rational合理的理性的socialresponsibility社会责任stakeholder利益相关者unbusinesslike无组织的无效能的vitality活力welfarecapitalism福利资本主义whistleblowing裁判仲裁profitssocialresponsibilitysummarizearticle课文压缩profitssocialresponsibilitysummarize1920smanylargeamerican20世纪20年代很多的美companiesbeganbuildnewsystems国大企业开始建立一些新的goodobviouslygoodcompanies

国际商务专业词汇(中英文对照)

1.全球化世界贸易组织:(World Trade Organization)国际货币基金组织:(International Monetary Fund)《关税及贸易总协定》:(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)世界银行:(World Bank)国际贸易:(international trade)对外直接投资:(foreign direct investment)对外直接投资存量:(stock of foreign direct investment)外国企业:(multinational enterprise)国际企业:(international business)2.政治经济中的国家差异政治经济:(political economy)政治体制:(political system)集体主义:(collectivism)社会主义者:(socialists)共产主义者:(communists)社会民主主义者:(social democrats)私有化:(privatization)个人主义:(individualism)民主:(democracy)极权:(totalitarianism)市场经济:(maeket economy)计划经济:(command economy)法律体系:(legal system)普通法:(common law)大陆法:(civil law system)宗教法:(theocratic law system)合同法:(contract law)财产权:(property rights)私下行为:(private action)公共行为:(public action)《反海外腐败法》:(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act)知识产权:(intellectual property)专利:(patent)版权:(copyrights)商标:(trademarks)产品安全法:(product safety laws)产品责任:(product liability)3.政治经济和经济发展人均国民收入:(gross national income)购买力平价:(purchasing power parity)人文发展指数:(Human Development Index)创新:(innovation)创业者:(entrepreneurs)放松管制:(deregulation)第一进入者优势:(first-mover advantages)后进者优势:(late-mover disadvantages)政治风险:(political risk)经济风险:(economic risk)4.文化差异跨文化知识能力:(cross-cultural literacy)价值观:(values)准则:(norms)社会:(society)社会习惯:(folkways)道德准则:(ethics)社会结构:(social structure)群体:(group)社会阶层:(social strata)社会流动性:(social mobility)等级制度:(caste system)阶级制度:(class system)阶级意识:(class consciousness)宗教:(religion)伦理体系:(ethical systems)关系:(relationship)联系:(connection)权利距离:(power distance)个人主义:(individualism versus)集体主义:(collectivism)不确定性规避:(uncertainty avoidance)男性主义和女性主义:(masculinity versus femininity)儒家动力:(confucian dynamism)种族中心主义:(ethnocentrism)5.国际商务伦理商业伦理:(business ethics)伦理策略:(ethics strategy)社会责任:(socisl responsibility)伦理困境:(ethical dilemmas)组织文化:(organizayion cultural)文化相对论:(cultural relativism)道德论者:(righteous moralist)非道德论者:(native immoralist)实用主义伦理:(utilitarian approaches)权利理论:(rights theories)公正分配:(just distribution)无知之幕:(veil of ignorance)道德公约:(code of ethics)利益相关者:(stakeholders)6.国际贸易理论自由贸易:(free trade)新贸易理论:(nwe trade theory)重商主义:(mercantilism)零和博弈:(zero-sum game)绝对优势:(absolute advantage)规模报酬率:(constant returns to specialization)要素禀赋:(factor endowments)规模经济:(economies of scale)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常账户:(current account)经常账户赤字盈余:(current account deficit surplus)资本账户:(capital account)金融账户:(financial account)7.国际贸易中的政治经济自由贸易:(free trade)关税:(tariff)从量税:(specific tariffs)从价税:(ad valorem tariffs)补贴:(subsidy)进口配额:(import quota)关税配额:(tariff rate quota)自愿出口限制:(voluntary export restraint)配额租金:(quota rent)国产化规定:(local content requirement)行政管理贸易政策:(administrative trade policies)倾销:(dumping)反倾销政策:(antidumping policies)抵消性关税:(counter vailing duties)幼稚工业论:(infant industry argument)战略贸易政策:(strategic trade policy)8.国际直接投资新设投资:(greenfield invsetment)流量:(flow of FDI)存量:(stock of FDI)对外直接投资:(outflows of FDI)外来直接投资:(inflows of FDI)固定资本形成总额:(gross fixed capital formation)折中理论:(eclectic paradigm)出口:(exporting)技术授权:(licensing)内部化理论:(internalization theory)不完善理论:(market imperfections approach)寡头垄断行业:(oligopoly)多点竞争:(multipoint competition)区位优势:(location-specific advantages)外部性:(externalities)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常项目:(current account)离岸生产:(offshore production)9.区域经济一体化区域经济一体化:(regional economic integration)自由贸易区:(free trade area)关税同盟:(customs union)共同市场:(common market)经济联盟:(economic union)政治联盟:(political union)贸易创造:(trade creation)贸易转移:(trade diversion)执行董事会:(executive board)监管董事会:(governing council)最优货币区:(optional currency area)10.外汇市场外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)汇率:(exchange rate)外汇风险:(foreign exchange risk)外汇投机:(currency speculation)套息交易:(carry trade)即期汇率:(spot exchange rate)远期外汇:(forward exchange)远期汇率:(forward exchange rate)掉期:(currency swap)套汇:(arbitrage)载体货币:(vehicle currency)一价定律:(law of one price)效率市场:(efficient market)应用材料:(applied materials)费雪效应:(Fisher effect)跟风效应:(bandwagon effect)效率市场:(efficient market)无效市场:(inefficient market)自由兑换:(freely convertible)对外可兑换:(externally convertible)不可兑换:(nonconvertible)资本外逃:(capital flight)对等贸易:(counter trade)交易风险:(transaction exposure)折算风险:(translation exposure)经济风险:(economic exposure)提前策略:(lead strategy)错后策略:(lag strategy)11.国际货币体系国际货币体系:(international monetary system)浮动汇率:(floating exchange rate)盯住汇率:(pegged exchange rate)管理浮动:(dirty float)固定汇率:(fixed exchange rate)金本位制度:(gold standard)黄金平价:(gold par value)贸易收支平衡:(balance-of-trade equilibrium)管理浮动制度:(managed-float system)货币局制度:(currency board)货币危机:(currency crisis)银行危机:(banking crisis)外债危机:(foreign debt crisis)裙带资本主义:(crony capitalism)道德风险:(moral hazard)12.全球资本市场共享方差:(shared variance)对冲基金:(hedge funds)游资:(hot money)耐心货币:(patient money)外国债券:(foreign bonds)13.国际企业的战略战略:(strategy)盈利能力:(profitability)投资资本收益率:(ROIC)利润增长:(profit growth)价值创造:(value creation)运营:(operations)核心竞争力:(core competence)区位经济:(location economies)全球网络:(global web)经验曲线:(experience curve)学习效应:(learning effects)规模经济:(economies of scale)普遍需要:(universal needs)全球标准化战略:(global standardization strategy)本土化战略:(localization strategy)跨国战略:(transnational strategy)国际战略:(international strategy)14.国际企业的组织组织构架:(organizational architecture)组织结构:(organizational structure)控制系统:(control systems)奖励:(incentives)流程:(processes)组织文化:(organizational culture)垂直差异化:(vertical differentiation)水平差异化:(horizontal differentiation)建立整合机构:(integrating mechanisms)国际分部:(intermational division)世界范围的地区结构:(worldwide area structure)世界范围的产品分部:(worldwide product division structure)全球矩阵结构:(global matrix structure)知识网络:(knowledge network)个人控制:(personal control)行政组织结构:(bureaucratic control)产出控制:(output control)文化控制:(cultural control)绩效模糊:(performance ambiguity)15.进入战略和战略联盟战略联盟:(strategic alliance)私营部门债务:(private-sector debt)进入时机:(timing of entry)先入者优势:(first-mover advantages)开拓成本:(pioneering costs)交钥匙工程:(turnkey project)技术授权协议:(licensing agreement)技术授权协议:(cross-licensing agreement)特许经营:(franchising)合资企业:(joint venture)全资子公司:(wholly owned subsidiary)16.出口、进口和对等贸易出口管理公司:(export management company)信用证:(letter of credit)汇票:(draft)即期汇票:(sight draft)远期汇票:(time draft)提单:(bill of lading)进出口银行:(Export-Import-Bank)对等贸易:(counter trade)易货贸易:(barter)互购:(counter purchase)抵销:(offset)转手贸易:(switch trading)回购:(buy back)从价关税:(ad valorem tariff)委托代销:(consignment)禁运:(embargo)全球配额:(global quota)无形贸易壁垒:(invisible barriers to trade)信用证:(letter of credit)重商主义:(mercantilism)201条款:(section 201)17.全球生产、外包与物流生产:(production)物流:(cogistics)全面质量管理:(total quality management)六西格玛:(six sigma)最小效率规模:(minimum efficient scale)柔性制造技术:(flexible manufacturing technology)精益生产:(lean production)大规模定制:(mass customization)柔性机器单元:(flexible machine cells)价值重量:(value-to-weight)全球学习:(global learning)来源决策:(make-or-buy decisions)专业化资产:(specialized asset)动态能力:(dynamic capabilities)即时存货:(just-in-time)电子数据交换:(electronic data inferchange) 18.全球营销与开发营销组合:(marketing)市场细分:(market segmentation)集中零售体系:(concentrated retail system)分散零售体系:(fragmented retail system)渠道长度:(channel length)独占性的分销渠道:(exclusive distribution channel)渠道质量:(channel quality)源效应:(source effects)原产国效应:(country of orign effects)噪声:(noisy)推策略:(push strategy)拉策略:(pull strategy)需求价格弹性:(price elasticity of demand)富有弹性:(elastic)缺乏弹性:(inelastic)策略性定价:(strategic pricing)掠夺性定价:(predatory pricing)多点定价:(multipoint pricing)经验曲线定价:(experience curve pricing) 19.全球人力资源管理人力资源管理:(human resource management)外派经理:(expatriate manager)人员配备政策:(staffing policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)外派人员:(expatriates)内派人员:(inpatriates)外派失败:(expatriate failure)自我倾向:(self-orientation)他人倾向:(others-orientation)感知能力:(perceptual ability)文化刚性:(cultural thoughness)20.国际企业会计和财务会计准则:(accounting standards)审计准则:(auditing standards)内部远期汇率:(internal forward rate)货币管理:(money management)交易成本:(transaction costs)双边净额:(bilateral netting)多边净额:(multilateral)税收抵免:(tax credit)税收条款:(tax treaty)延期准则:(deferral principle)避税港:(tax havens)特许权使用费:(royalties)转移价格:(transfer price)弗罗廷贷款:(fronting loan)。