世纪商务英语-外贸英语实务答案~
世纪商务英语外贸函电(第二版)课后习题答案

Unit 2P39Letter 1.at, of, with, in, forLetter 2.from, into, with, of, toP40rming, interesting, dealing, sample, details, quality, prices, applied, items, inquiryUnit 3P55Letter 1.from, for, by, with, onLetter 2.with, in, of, in, fromP562.referring, established, cost, quality, opinion, responsibility, part, satisfied, information, decisionUnit 4P71Letter 1. To, of, at, in, byLetter 2.with, in, with, for, withP732.advertisement, leading, interested, details, dealers, line, market, replying, over, itemUnit 5P88Letter 1.for, with, at, by, toLetter 2.for, for, by, at, by/underP892.inquiring, quotation, receipt, subject, confirmation, discount, catalogue, brochure, separate, appreciateUnit 6P105Letter 1.of, on, in, with, toLetter 2.of, in, by, for, atP1062.offer, regret, price, sold, level, difference, transaction, counter-offer, samples, acceptanceUnit 7P122Letter 1.to, of, of, in, for,Letter 2.with, for, for, within, ofP1232.order, customers, confirm, stated, shipment, satisfied, range, enclosing, catalogue, furtherUnit 8P141Letter 1: in, for, on, at, atLetter 2: to, for, in, with, forP1422.order, accept, terms, Enclosed, Contract, duplicate, return, file, delivered, entireUnit 9P165Letter 1: to, in/for, for, in/for, inLetter 2: of, to, on, at, againstP166rm, under, ready, stipulations, shipment, received, establish, S/C, point, effectUnit 10P181Letter 1: for, of, to, with, from/againstLetter 2: for, on, for ,from, by/inP1822.refer, boxes, strong, sea/ship, container, around, cost, prevent, rough, accountUnit 11P197Letter1: from, for/of, to, in, onLetter 2: with/In, in, for, in ,withoutP1982.reply, regret, port, booked, permit, punctual, understand, obtaining, receiving, issueUnit 12P214Letter1: with, against, for, at, byLetter 2: of, from, to, at, within/inP2152.insure, breakage, fragile, insured, rate, insurer, consignment, packing, coverage, adviceUnit 13P232Letter 1: of, upon/on, by, against, toLetter 2: in, into, about, for, againstP2332. shipment, regret, contain, into, error, apology, delivered, documents, account, dispose。
外贸英语实务第四版课后答案

外贸英语实务第四版课后答案1、We are looking forward to _______ you again. [单选题] *A. seeB. sawC. seeing(正确答案)D. seen2、The young man had decided to give up the chance of studying abroad, _____ surprised his parents a lot. [单选题] *A. whenB. whereC. which(正确答案)D. that3、If you do the same thing for a long time, you'll be tired of it. [单选题] *A. 试图B. 努力C. 厌倦(正确答案)D. 熟练4、75.As a student in Senior Three, I must work hard.(), I should take exercise to strengthen my body.[单选题] *A.OtherwiseB.Meanwhile(正确答案)C.ThereforeD.Thus5、35.___________ good music the teacher is playing! [单选题] *A.What(正确答案)B.HowC.What aD.What the6、The beautiful radio _______ me 30 dollars. [单选题] *A. spentB. paidC. cost(正确答案)D. took7、He’s so careless that he always _______ his school things at home. [单选题] *B. leaves(正确答案)C. putsD. buys8、The rain is very heavy _______ we have to stay at home. [单选题] *A. butB. becauseC. so(正确答案)D. and9、My brother usually _______ his room after school. But now he _______ soccer. [单选题] *A. cleans; playsB. cleaning; playingC. cleans; is playing(正确答案)D. cleans; is playing the10、—Could you take out the rubbish, Jim?—______. I have too much homework to do. You can ask Sally to do it. ()[单选题] *A. Sorry, I can’t(正确答案)B. No problemD. No, thanks11、Everyone here is _______ to me. [单选题] *A. happyB. wellC. kind(正确答案)D. glad12、Every year Carl _______ most of his time swimming, camping and traveling with his parents. [单选题] *A. is spendingB. spentC. will spendD. spends(正确答案)13、We had ____ wonderful lunch last Saturday. [单选题] *A. /B. theC. oneD. a(正确答案)14、People always _____ realize the importance of health _____ they lose it. [单选题] *A. not... untilB. don't... until(正确答案)C. /; untilD. /; not until15、My camera is lost. I am ______ it everywhere.()[单选题] *A. looking atB. looking for(正确答案)C. looking overD. looking after16、The commander said that two _____ would be sent to the Iraqi front line the next day. [单选题] *A. women's doctorB. women doctorsC. women's doctorsD. women doctor(正确答案)17、A small village cuts across the river. [单选题] *A. 切B. 穿过(正确答案)C. 划船D. 踢18、Your homework must_______ tomorrow. [单选题] *A. hand inB. is handed inC. hands inD. be handed in(正确答案)19、—What’s the matter with that boy?—______.()[单选题] *A. He is watching TV in his roomB. He takes his temperatureC. He was playing a toy carD. He hurt his right leg(正确答案)20、12.Who will ________ the Palace Museum after Shan Jixiang retires? [单选题] * A.in chargeB.in charge ofC.be in charge of (正确答案)D.be in the charge of21、Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight. [单选题] *A. book shopB. restaurantC. concertD. cinema(正确答案)22、Tom is ____ honest man, so we all like to work with him. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. /D. any23、Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night, but his parents don’t allow him ______ so. ()[单选题] *A. doB. doneC. to do(正确答案)D. doing24、Our campus is _____ big that we need a bike to make it. [单选题] *A. veryB. so(正确答案)C. suchD. much25、17.—When ________ they leave here?—Tomorrow morning. [单选题] * A.doB.will(正确答案)C.doesD.are26、_____ is not known yet. [单选题] *A. Although he is serious about itB. No matter how we will do the taskC. Whether we will go outing or not(正确答案)D. Unless they come to see us27、28.The question is very difficult. ______ can answer it. [单选题] *A.EveryoneB.No one(正确答案)C.SomeoneD.Anyone28、The twins _______ us something about their country. [单选题] *A. told(正确答案)B. saidC. talkedD. spoke29、79.–Great party, Yes? ---Oh, Jimmy. It’s you!(C), we last met more than 30 years ago. [单选题] *A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. Believe it or not (正确答案)D. In other words30、—Where did you get the book?—From my friend. I ______ it three days ago. ()[单选题] *A. lentB. borrowed(正确答案)C. keptD. returned。
世纪商务英语---外贸英语实务教参

Unit 7 Price of Import and Export CommodityTeaching Objectives1.To let students know how to describe price of import and export commodity.2.To let students master choice of currency for account and payment, knowledge about price clause including unit price, discount and so on. Warming Up1.How much is your…?2.Do you bargain when you buy something?Lead-inJust as we buy something in our daily lives, price in international trade is also one important factor. In practice, bargain is common between the buyer and the seller. The buyer and the seller should select a workable price. Today, we are going to study some items relating to price, for example, currency exchange, price terms, commission and discount, etc.Notes for Part ⅡReading1. pricen. 价格Your price is on the high/low side.你方价格偏高/偏低。
Your price is in line/out of line with the market.你方价格与现行价格一致/不一致。
世纪商务英语第5版答案

世纪商务英语第5版答案1、—______?—He can do kung fu.()[单选题] *A. What does Eric likeB. Can Eric do kung fuC. What can Eric do(正确答案)D. Does Eric like kung fu2、Almost every one of us could see her anxiety from the()on her face. [单选题] *A. appearanceB. feelingC. movementD. expression(正确答案)3、I gave John a present but he gave me nothing_____. [单选题] *A.in advanceB.in vainC.in return(正确答案)D.in turn4、I’m not sure whether we’ll go on ______ foot or by _____ bike? [单选题] *A. the; theB. /; theC. /; /(正确答案)D. the; /5、29.There is a book in your left hand. What’s in your ___________ hand? [单选题] * A.the othersB.other (正确答案)C.anotherD.others6、_____ Lucy _____ Lily has joined the swimming club because they have no time. [单选题] *A. Not only; but alsoB. Neither; nor(正确答案)C. Either; orD. Both; and7、76.—Could you tell me ________the bank?—Turn right and it's on your right. [单选题]* A.how get toB.how to getC.how getting toD.how to get to(正确答案)8、—Is this Tony’s history book?—No, it isn’t ______.()[单选题] *A. himB. his(正确答案)C. heD. himself9、Mum is ill. I have to _______ her at home. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look forC. look outD. look forward to10、Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day [单选题] *A. ever sinceB. even ifC. soon afterD. in case(正确答案)11、The storybook is very ______. I’m very ______ in reading it. ()[单选题] *A. interesting; interested(正确答案)B. interested; interestingC. interested; interestedD. interesting; interesting12、_______, Mr. Smith. [单选题] *A. Here your tea isB. Here is your tea(正确答案)C. Here your tea areD. Here are your tea13、Kids will soon get tired of learning _____ more than they can. [单选题] *A. if they expect to learnB. if they are expected to learn(正确答案)C. if they learn to expectD. if they are learned to expect14、This kind of work _______ skills and speed. [单选题] *A. looks forB. waits forC. calls for(正确答案)D. cares for15、12.Who will ________ the Palace Museum after Shan Jixiang retires? [单选题] * A.in chargeB.in charge ofC.be in charge of (正确答案)D.be in the charge of16、I want something to eat. Please give me a _______. [单选题] *A. bookB. watchC. shirtD. cake(正确答案)17、Tom will _______ me a gift from Japan. [单选题] *A. takeB. getC. carryD. bring(正确答案)18、Thank you very much. You gave us ____ our factory needed. [单选题] *A. informationB. informationsC. the information(正确答案)D. the informations19、Mary, together with her children ,_____ some video show when I went into the sitting room. [单选题] *A. were watchingB. was watching(正确答案)C. is watchingD. are watching20、Since we have _____ money left,we can't afford the expensive computer. [单选题] *A. a littleB. a fewC. little(正确答案)D. few21、( ) ________ large the library is! [单选题] *A. WhatB. What aC. How(正确答案)D. How a22、45.—Let's make a cake ________ our mother ________ Mother's Day.—Good idea. [单选题] *A.with; forB.for; on(正确答案)C.to; onD.for; in23、Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _______. [单选题] *A. himselfB. ourselvesC. myselfD. yourself(正确答案)24、( )He killed the enemy guard and made away _________the villagers. [单选题] *A. with the helpB. with helpC. with help ofD. with the help of(正确答案)25、He studied harder to _______ his reading skills. [单选题] *A. improve(正确答案)B. rememberC. memorizeD. forget26、--Mom, I will not eat fast food this year. Believe me.--If you make a _______, you must keep it. [单选题] *A. jokeB. noiseC. mistakeD. promise(正确答案)27、______ my great joy, I met an old friend I haven' t seen for years ______ my way ______ town. [单选题] *A. To, in, forB. To, on, to(正确答案)C. With, in, toD. For, in, for28、—Look at those purple gloves! Are they ______, Mary?—No, they aren’t. ______ are pink. ()[单选题] *A. you; IB. your; MyC. yours; Mine(正确答案)D. you; Me29、——Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? ——Im afraid()of them is possible. [单选题] *A.neither(正确答案)B. eitherC. noneD.both30、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. ()[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would。
世纪商务英语-外贸英语实务问题详解

Unit11.F International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations.2.T Countries trade with each other partly because of cost advantages.3.T Trade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers4.T International trade can greatly expand the market, which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of scale.5.T Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade.Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade6. T Still in some cases, political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between countries.7. T When we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible trade.8.F Trade surplus means that a country’s imports exceed its exports.9. T Tariff and quotas are the examples of trade barriers.10. T A duty levied on a specific shipment can be an import, a protective and a compound duty at the same time.1. ___________ is the reason why international trade first began. a. Uneven distribution of resources c. Economic benefit b. Pattern of demand d. Comparative advantage2. If one country concentrates on the production of the goods in which it has a comparative advantage, and produces more than it can use, then it will sell the left to other countries. This reason for international trade is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specializationb. variety of style d. patterns of demand3. The production cost will decrease if the goods are produced on a large scale. This is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specialization b. variety of style d. patterns of demand4. The followings are the special problems for international trade except for ___________. a. using foreign languages and foreign currency c. having risks b. under foreign laws, customs and regulations d. numerous cultural differences5. ___________ refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries. a. Invisible trade c. International trade b. Visible trade d. Balance of trade6. Invisible trade consists of the following items except for ___________. a. transport services across national borders c. insurance services across national borders b. foreign tourist expenses d. product exchange across national borders7. ___________ is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports. a. Trade balance c. Trade deficit b. Trade surplus d. Trade barrier8. Each country has to earn ___________ to pay for imports. a. money c. cash b. foreignexchange d. currency9. ___________ is collected according to physical quantity. a. Revenue tariff c. Specific dutyb. Protection tariff d. Alternative duty10. Which is not the example of trade barriers? ___________ a. Tariffs c. Import duties b. Quotas d. Income tax1.国际贸易international trade2. 比较优势comparative advantage3. 规模经济economies of scale4. 经济增长economic growth5. 外汇foreign currency6. 有形贸易visible trade7. 无形贸易invisible trade8. 贸易差额balance of trade9. 贸易顺差trade surplus10. 贸易逆差trade deficit11. 贸易壁垒trade barrier12. 非关税壁垒.non-tariff barrier13. 财政关税revenue tariff14. 保护关税revenue tariff15. 进口关税import duty16. 出口关税export duty17. 从量税specific duty18. 从价税Ad valorem duty19. 进口许可证import license20. 配额quota翻译1.International trade, also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade, is the exchange of goods and services between countries.国际贸易,又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易,是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。
世纪商务英语II第七版答案

世纪商务英语II第七版答案1、Then the speaker _____the various factors leading to the economic crisis. [单选题] *A.went onB.went afterC.went into(正确答案)D.went for2、I have to _______ my glasses, without which I can’t read the book. [单选题] *A. put upB. put awayC. put downD. put on(正确答案)3、5.Shanghais is known ________ “the Oriental Pearl”, so many foreigners come to visit Shanghai very year. [单选题] *A.forB.as (正确答案)C.withD.about4、We had ____ wonderful lunch last Saturday. [单选题] *A. /B. theC. oneD. a(正确答案)5、4.—Alice’s never late for school.—________. [单选题] *A.So am I.B.So was I.C.Neither am I. (正确答案)D.Neither have I.6、Everyone knows that the sun _______ in the east. [单选题] *A. fallsB. rises(正确答案)C. staysD. lives7、—Mum, could you buy a schoolbag ______ me when you go shopping?—No problem.()[单选题] *A. ofB. toC. inD. for(正确答案)8、--Do you have a _______?--Yes, I _______ at a clothes store. [单选题] *A. work; workB. work; jobC. job; jobD. job; work(正确答案)9、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of(). [单选题] *A. dateB. shape(正确答案)C. orderD. balance10、--It is Sunday tomorrow, I have no idea what to do.--What about _______? [单选题] *A. play computer gamesB. go fishingC. climbing the mountain(正确答案)D. see a film11、We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have _____ one this month. [单选题] *A.otherB.the otherC.moreD.another(正确答案)12、_____ before we leave the day after tomorrow,we should have a wonderful dinner party. [单选题] *A. Had they arrived(正确答案)B. Were they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Would they arrive13、He used to get up at six in the morning,()? [单选题] *A. used heB. did heC. didnt he (正确答案)D. should he14、The beautiful radio _______ me 30 dollars. [单选题] *A. spentB. paidC. cost(正确答案)D. took15、The reason why I didn't attend the lecture was simply()I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for16、The soldiers were_____of running away when the enemy attacked. [单选题] *A.chargedB.accused(正确答案)C.scoldedD.estimated17、31.That's ______ interesting football game. We are all excited. [单选题] *A.aB.an(正确答案)C.theD./18、—______ Tom play the piano?—Yes, very well. ()[单选题] *A. Can(正确答案)B. MayC. MustD. Should19、We need two ______ and two bags of ______ for the banana milk shake.()[单选题]*A. banana; yogurtB. banana; yogurtsC. bananas; yogurt(正确答案)D. bananas; yogurts20、I shall never forget the days()we worked on the farm. [单选题] *A. when(正确答案)B. whatC. whichD. on that21、Generally speaking, it is _______ to ask a woman’s age in western countries. [单选题] *A. possibleB. importantC. not polite(正确答案)D. polite22、18.Monica wants to be a _______. She is good at sports and she loves teaching others. [单选题] *A.coach(正确答案)B.secretaryC.architectD.waiter23、What do you think of the idea that _____ honest man who married and brought up a large family did more service than he who continued single and only talked of _____ population. [单选题] *A. a, /B. an, /C. a, theD. an, the(正确答案)24、_____ rooms are both large and comfortable. [单选题] *A. Jack's and Jane's(正确答案)B. Jack and Jane'sC. Jack's and JaneD.Jack and Jane25、He _______ walks to school, because he lives near school. [单选题] *A. sometimes(正确答案)B. neverC. doesn’tD. don’t26、Don’t ______. He is OK. [单选题] *A. worriedB. worry(正确答案)C. worried aboutD. worry about27、We ______ boating last weekend.()[单选题] *A. goB. went(正确答案)C. are goingD. will go28、I paid twenty yuan _______ the book. [单选题] *A. offB. backC. for(正确答案)D. with29、It usually takes him about 15 minutes _______ his bike to school. [单选题] *A. ridesB. ridingC. rideD. to ride(正确答案)30、10.Mum, let me help you with your housework, so you ________ do it yourself. [单选题] * A.don’t need to(正确答案)B.need toC.don’t need D.need。
世纪商务英语外贸英语第二版课后翻译、术语、填空答案

cfs/container freight station multimodal transport
consignor
consignee time of shipment
port of shipment port of destination
shipping notice/advice partial shipment
hearing
1. 开证申请人 2. 受益人 3. 开证行 4. 通知行 5. 保兑行 6. 代理行 7. 议付行 8. 偿付行 9. 付款行 10. 有效期 11. 承兑 12. 修改通知书
大连理工大学出版社
applicant Beneficiary opening bank/issuing bank
大连理工大学出版社
1. 质量检验证书 2. 数量检验证书 3. 重量检验证书 4. 价值检验证书 5. 原产地证 6. 异议 7. 索赔
大连理工大学出版社
inspection certificate of quality inspection certificate of quantity
inspection certificate of weight inspection certificate of value certificate of origin
months to reach its destination and frequently ___________unroduegrhgoheasndling in loading and ___________. Thuenrleofaodrien,gpacking must be strong enough. Of course, consideration must also
世纪商务英语外贸函电(第二版)课后习题答案

Unit 2P39Letter 1.at, of, with, in, forLetter 2.from, into, with, of, toP40rming, interesting, dealing, sample, details, quality, prices, applied, items, inquiryUnit 3P55Letter 1.from, for, by, with, onLetter 2.with, in, of, in, fromP562.referring, established, cost, quality, opinion, responsibility, part, satisfied, information, decisionUnit 4P71Letter 1. To, of, at, in, byLetter 2.with, in, with, for, withP732.advertisement, leading, interested, details, dealers, line, market, replying, over, itemUnit 5P88Letter 1.for, with, at, by, toLetter 2.for, for, by, at, by/underP892.inquiring, quotation, receipt, subject, confirmation, discount, catalogue, brochure, separate, appreciateUnit 6P105Letter 1.of, on, in, with, toLetter 2.of, in, by, for, atP1062.offer, regret, price, sold, level, difference, transaction, counter-offer, samples, acceptanceUnit 7P122Letter 1.to, of, of, in, for,Letter 2.with, for, for, within, ofP1232.order, customers, confirm, stated, shipment, satisfied, range, enclosing, catalogue, furtherUnit 8P141Letter 1: in, for, on, at, atLetter 2: to, for, in, with, forP1422.order, accept, terms, Enclosed, Contract, duplicate, return, file, delivered, entireUnit 9P165Letter 1: to, in/for, for, in/for, inLetter 2: of, to, on, at, againstP166rm, under, ready, stipulations, shipment, received, establish, S/C, point, effectUnit 10P181Letter 1: for, of, to, with, from/againstLetter 2: for, on, for ,from, by/inP1822.refer, boxes, strong, sea/ship, container, around, cost, prevent, rough, accountUnit 11P197Letter1: from, for/of, to, in, onLetter 2: with/In, in, for, in ,withoutP1982.reply, regret, port, booked, permit, punctual, understand, obtaining, receiving, issueUnit 12P214Letter1: with, against, for, at, byLetter 2: of, from, to, at, within/inP2152.insure, breakage, fragile, insured, rate, insurer, consignment, packing, coverage, adviceUnit 13P232Letter 1: of, upon/on, by, against, toLetter 2: in, into, about, for, againstP2332. shipment, regret, contain, into, error, apology, delivered, documents, account, dispose。
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Unit11.F International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations.2.T Countries trade with each other partly because of cost advantages.3.T Trade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers4.T International trade can greatly expand the market, which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of scale.5.T Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade.Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade6. T Still in some cases, political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between countries.7. T When we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible trade.8.F Trade surplus means that a country’s imports exceed its exports.9. T Tariff and quotas are the examples of trade barriers.10. T A duty levied on a specific shipment can be an import, a protective and a compound duty at the same time.1. ___________ is the reason why international trade first began. a. Uneven distribution of resources c. Economic benefit b. Pattern of demand d. Comparative advantage2. If one country concentrates on the production of the goods in which it has a comparative advantage, and produces more than it can use, then it will sell the left to other countries. This reason for international trade is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specializationb. variety of style d. patterns of demand3. The production cost will decrease if the goods are produced on a large scale. This is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specialization b. variety of style d. patterns of demand4. The followings are the special problems for international trade except for ___________. a. using foreign languages and foreign currency c. having risks b. under foreign laws, customs and regulations d. numerous cultural differences5. ___________ refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries. a. Invisible trade c. International trade b. Visible trade d. Balance of trade6. Invisible trade consists of the following items except for ___________. a. transport services across national borders c. insurance services across national borders b. foreign tourist expenses d. product exchange across national borders7. ___________ is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports. a. Trade balance c. Trade deficit b. Trade surplus d. Trade barrier8. Each country has to earn ___________ to pay for imports. a. money c. cash b. foreignexchange d. currency9. ___________ is collected according to physical quantity. a. Revenue tariff c. Specific dutyb. Protection tariff d. Alternative duty10. Which is not the example of trade barriers? ___________ a. Tariffs c. Import duties b. Quotas d. Income tax1.国际贸易international trade2. 比较优势comparative advantage3. 规模经济economies of scale4. 经济增长economic growth5. 外汇foreign currency6. 有形贸易visible trade7. 无形贸易invisible trade8. 贸易差额balance of trade9. 贸易顺差trade surplus10. 贸易逆差trade deficit11. 贸易壁垒trade barrier12. 非关税壁垒.non-tariff barrier13. 财政关税revenue tariff14. 保护关税revenue tariff15. 进口关税import duty16. 出口关税export duty17. 从量税specific duty18. 从价税Ad valorem duty19. 进口许可证import license20. 配额quota翻译1.International trade, also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade, is the exchange of goods and services between countries.国际贸易,又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易,是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。
2.Trade may occur because of economies of scale, that is, the cost advantages of large-scale production.贸易可能源于规模经济,即大规模生产带来的成本优势。
3.Visible trade refers to exports and imports of goods, while invisible trade refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries.有形贸易即产品的进出口,而无形贸易则指服务和资产的交换。
4. If a country’s exports exceed its imports, it has a trade surplus and the trade balance issaidto be positive. If imports exceed exports, the country has a trade deficit and its tradebalance is said to be negative.如果出口大于进口,即为贸易顺差,称为出超;如果进口大于出口,则为贸易逆差,称为入超。
5. A tariff is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area which usually coincides with the area of a country.关税即当货物跨越关境边界时征收的税,关境通常就是国境。
6. A quota is a limitation in value or in physical terms, imposed on import and export of certain goods for a certain period of time.配额是对某一商品在某一特定时期的进出口加以价值或数量上的限定。
7. 各种形式的贸易壁垒主要来源于政府干预(government intervention)。