2019高考英语二轮复习精编优选练(十九)阅读理解提升练_词句猜测题1
2019年高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇一第1讲【细节理解题】
2019年高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇一第1讲【细节理解题】专题一阅读理解[全国卷3年考情分析]题型与题量卷别细节理解题推理判断题主旨大意题词义猜测题考情分析从统计表可以看出，高考英语阅读理解的题型设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
细节理解题相对简单，而其他三种题型相对较难。
在近两年的考查趋向上，细节理解题的答案更加隐蔽，叙述含蓄，直接信息题会越来越少，取而代之的将是事实细节题加入许多推理、判断、归纳等元素；推理判断题的难度会适当加大。
本专题将对这四种题型进行递进式的指导。
2018卷Ⅰ7521卷Ⅱ9321卷Ⅲ93212017卷Ⅰ7611卷Ⅱ5622卷Ⅲ66212016卷Ⅰ10311卷Ⅱ7512卷Ⅲ8412第一讲细节理解题——定位信息巧比对细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。
因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。
但有些细节理解题由于命题人故意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。
尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心。
细节理解题常见的考查题型有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题。
一、题型特点要知晓(一)细节理解题常见设问方式1．特殊疑问句形式。
以when,where,what,which,who,how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。
2．判断是非形式。
含有TRUE/FALSE,NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。
此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not,never等。
3．以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。
如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from________.(二)细节理解题正确选项特征同义替换指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。
2019届高考英语二轮复习训练01阅读理解1 Word版含解析
强化训练01阅读理解(一)(45分钟，100分)APeople aren't walking any more－if they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either, I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced－and beat－a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty.Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrahams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercise－the most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flower, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world, He cannot learn in a car.The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a_steel_river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.1. What was life like when the author was young?A. People usually went around on foot.B. People often walked 25 miles a day.C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.D. People considered a ten-hour walk as a hardship.2. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that __________.A. middle-aged people like getting back to natureB. walking in nature helps enrich one's mindC. people need regular exercise to keep fitD. going on foot prevents heart disease3. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6?A. A queue of cars.B. A ray of traffic light.C. A flash of lightning.D. A stream of people.4. What is the author's intention of writing this passage?A. To tell people to reflect more on life.B. To recommend people to give up driving.C. To advise people to do outdoor activities.D. To encourage people to return to walking.【语篇解读】本文主要关于步行对于身体和心灵的益处。
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--句意理解题考查解读
2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--句意理解题考查解读记叙文、说明文和议论文中可能会考查句意猜测题。
要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言、谚语。
设问形式常有：(1)The underlined sentence in the first/second/...paragraph means “”．(2)Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the first/second/...paragraph?解题技巧——“意义吻合”定句意例如：【真题感悟】中第22题：第一步：速读文章，找出文章中与画线句子相关的句子(1)Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱的)．(2)When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.第二步：对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案画线句上一段讲到为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。
由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。
A6Companion planting is the idea that when some crops are planted together，they help each other grow.These 1compatible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients，soil and 2moisture.Advice for companion planting is sometimes based more on tradition than proof. But Fabian Fernandez at the University of Illinois says there is evidence for some combinations.These can lead to better crops，reduce disease and help with pest control by attracting helpful insects.For example，some kinds of soil bacteria take nitrogen(氮) from the air and make a form that plants can use.The plants keep the nitrogen in their roots.Legumes(豆类) are especially good at this.Any crops sharing the same space can get the nitrogen as the roots decompose(腐烂)．Crops like beans and potatoes，carrots and cabbages，beans and rice can also share territory well because their roots reach different levels in the soil.Deep-rooted vegetables get nutrients and moisture from lower down，so they do not compete with shallower plants.But some plants placed together may harmeach other’s development.For example，tomatoes do not like wet soil but watercress does，as the name suggests.So you would probably not want to put them together.Even after harvest，some kinds of produce should be kept apart.Apples，for example，release ethylene gas，a plant 3hormone.It can cause other foods to ripen(成熟) too quickly.Markets often separate high ethylene-producing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas.But sometimes you might want them together.For example，if you put an apple in a bag with a green banana，the banana will be ready to eat sooner.Now what about peaches，plums and nectarines that are too firm to eat? Growers in California answer this question at .They say an apple，a banana or a riper piece of fruit is not needed.The peaches，plums and nectarines themselves release enough of the gas to ripen successfully.Here’s their advice：place the fruit in a fruit bowl or in a paper bag with the top folded over.Keep the fruit at room temperature.When the fruit is soft enough to your liking，either use it or place it in a refrigerator to stop further ripening.1．What are the basic needs for companion planting? A．Good old companions.B．Some kinds of soil bacteria.C．Similar needs for nutrients，soil and moisture.D．Helpful insects.答案 C解析细节理解题。
2019年高考英语二轮专题复习训练：专题1阅读理解考点3即时巩固含答案.doc
-------------------------- 6]第一编专题一考点3面时巩GU（2018-天津，C）There" s a new frontier in 3D printing that' s beginning to come into focus： food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale・ And the industry isn，t stopping there・Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake・ Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy・ A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to u re—create forms and pieces” of food that are "exactly the same, v freeing cooks to complete other tasks・ In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D—printed, rather than farm to table.Sustainability（可持续性）The global population is expected to grow to 9. 6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids（水解胶体）from plentiful renewables like algae （藻类）and grass to replace the familiar ingredients （烹饪原料）• 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food” t hat lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthie匚Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, u Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday' s bread from the supermarket, you' d eat something baked just for you on demand. ”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome・ Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste（糊*犬物）before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time—consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high—end restaurants.文章大意：本文是一篇科普文章。
2019届高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解 分层训练 含解析
阅读理解·分层训练·知能双升(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)AMy color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn't fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy－five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night. Fortunately, I didn't get any channels showing all－night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.21．Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A．He got an older model than he had expected.B．He couldn't return it when it was broken.C．He could have bought it at a lower price.D．He failed to find any movie shows on it.22．Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?A．ended all their programsB．provided fewer channelsC．changed to commercialsD．showed all－night movies23．How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A．By shaking and hitting it.B．By turning it on and off.C．By switching channels.D．By having it repaired.24．How does the author sound when telling the story?A．Curious. B．Anxious.C．Cautious. D．Humorous.语篇解读：这是一篇记叙文.作者用诙谐、幽默的语气讲述了自己高价购买的一台电视机给自己带来的诸多烦恼.长难句分析：I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn't fit.分析：这是一个主从复合句.连词because引导原因状语从句，同时该从句又包含了一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词clothes.译文：我能够在一年多前买下它(电视机)是因为我让我的亲戚们在我生日时给我钱而不是买大量不合身的衣服.21．解析：细节理解题.依据第一段中的“I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy－five dollars less than I had paid”可知答案.答案：C22．解析：词义猜测题.结合画线部分所在的句子“The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night”可知，此处指作者一开始把它带回家时，一切如此顺利以至于作者一直看到电视台“停止播放节目”.故选A.答案：A23．解析：细节理解题.依据最后一段的“My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now”可知，最终作者到维修店才使电视机恢复正常.答案：D24．解析：推理判断题.由文章第一段的“My color television has given me nothing but a headache”，第二段中的“I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set”．以及最后一段中的“but I keep expecting more trouble”可知，作者用幽默的语气描述了这台电视机给自己带来的烦恼.答案：DBYour house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self－conscious(难为情) when they're in poorly lit places —and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn't have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it's time to repaint, go blue.Don't forget the clock — or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you're at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12－inch plate instead of a 10－inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.25．The text is especially helpful for those who care about ________.A．their home comforts B．their body shapeC．house buying D．healthy diets26．A home environment in blue can help people ________.A．digest food betterB．reduce food intakeC．burn more caloriesD．regain their appetites27．What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A．Eat quickly.B．Play fast music.C．Use smaller spoons.D．Turn down the lights.28．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Is Your House Making You Fat?B．Ways of Serving DinnerC．Effects of Self－ConsciousnessD．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?语篇解读：这是一篇科普性说明文.最新研究表明，房屋的窗帘、灯光设计、墙壁颜色、餐具大小等都会影响食欲和食量，进而影响节食效果和身材.长难句分析：Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self－conscious(难为情) when they're in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots offood.分析：这是一个主从复合句.for引导原因状语从句，when在句中引导时间状语从句.分析：昏暗的环境更有可能刺激人们暴饮暴食，因为在这种光线暗淡的情况下人们往往会不那么难为情，所以就更有可能吃大量的食物.25．解析：推理判断题.依据第一段中的”Your house may have an effect on your figure ...whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off”，再结合该段最后一句“Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan”.可知，B项正确.答案：B26．解析：细节理解题.依据第三段第三句“In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room”可知，在蓝色环境中人们的食量会减少33%，因此身处蓝色的环境中有助于减少食量.答案：B27．解析：推理判断题.依据第四段的内容可知，吃饭吃得快的话会吃得多，因此为了帮助减缓吃饭的速度，吃饭时可播放舒缓音乐，排除A、B项；D项与第二段首句的内容相矛盾；依据第五段的内容可知，使用小型的餐具有助于减少食物摄入量.故选C.答案：C28．解析：标题判断题.本文主要讲的是房屋的窗帘、灯光设计、墙壁颜色、餐具大小等方面均会影响食欲和食量，进而影响节食效果和身材，故A项“你的房屋在使你发胖吗？”作文章标题最佳.答案：ACMore students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university. The gap－year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well－planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，” he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship — young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term－time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，” he said.29．What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A．It is flexible in length.B．It is a time for relaxation.C．It is increasingly popular.D．It is required by universities.30．According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year ________.A．are better prepared for college studiesB．know a lot more about their future jobsC．are more likely to leave university in debtD．have a better chance to enter top universities31．How does Owain James feel about the gap－year phenomenon?A．He's puzzled. B．He's worried.C．He's surprised. D．He's annoyed.32．What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A．Attend additional courses.B．Make plans for the new term.C．Earn money for their education.D．Prepare for their graduate studies.语篇解读：这是一篇社会生活类的新闻报道.越来越多的高中毕业生没有直接去上大学而是选择了间隔年，这样他们可以打工攒够费用上大学，将来能更好地适应大学生活.长难句分析：The gap－year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.分析：主语是The gap－year phenomenon，谓语是originated，后面是介词短语作状语.译文：间隔年现象起源于牛桥申请者在十一月入学考试和下一个学年开始前的这几个月.29．解析：推理判断题.根据第一段中的“More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)before going to university”和第三段中的“That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year”可推断，间隔年这种现象越来越普遍.答案：C30．解析：推理判断题.根据第三段中的“Students who take a well－planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible”可推知，选择间隔年的学生将来能够更好地适应大学生活.答案：A31．解析：推理判断题.根据第四段的首句“But not everyone is happy”和下文内容可推断，Owain James认为间隔年现象从一个侧面反映了目前大学生上学压力大、费用高的现状，因此他感到担忧.答案：B32．解析：细节理解题.根据第四段中的“It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree”和最后一句可知，大多数学生会充分利用间隔年打工挣钱攒学费.答案：CDChoose Your One－Day Tours!Tour A — Bath & Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge —￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum. Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.Tour B —Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house —￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter.Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖项)” from St Mary's Church Tower.Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.Tour C —Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace —￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry VIII's favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle (entrance fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫) where it is easy to get lost!Tour D — Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great —￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.33．Which tour will you choose if you want to see England's oldest university city?A．Tour A. B．Tour B.C．Tour C. D．Tour D.34．Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?A．Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.B．Oxford & Stratford.C．Bath & Stonehenge.D．Cambridge.35．Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?A．It used to be the home of royal families.B．It used to be a well－known maze.C．It is the oldest palace in Britain.D．It is a world－famous castle.语篇解读：这是一篇应用文，介绍了英国几处风景名胜一日游的相关情况.长难句分析：Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫) where it is easy to get lost!分析：这是一个主从复合句.定语从句which include the famous maze修饰先行词historic gardens，定语从句where it is easy to get lost修饰先行词maze.译文：(你可以)参观宫殿和各种(皇家)历史花园，花园中有著名的迷宫，在那里(游客)容易迷失方向！33．解析：细节理解.在Tour B中提到“Oxford：Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges”，因此答案是B项.答案：B34．解析：细节理解题.结合本文信息可知，在3月17日这一天四个景点的票价分别为：$37，$36，$37，$33，因此最低票价在Cambridge.答案：D35．解析：细节理解题.根据Tour C中的“With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen”可知，这里曾经是国王和皇后的住所，因此现在成为了主要的旅游胜地.答案：A。
2019版高考英语(全国通用)考前三个月配套练习：专题1阅读理解真题演练22019_全国II(含解析
精研真题模拟演练精研高考真题「寻找解题规律____________________真题演练（二）全国IIAWhat' s On?Electric Un dergro und7：30 pm —1: 00 am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who ' s playing in your area ? We' re bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local ban ds.Are you in terested in beco ming a musicia n and getti ng a recording contract（合同）? If so , come early to the talk at 7 : 30 pm by Jules Skye , a successful record producer.He' s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music. Gee Whizz 8: 30 pm —10 : 30 pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform.He ' s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy seene.This joyful show will please every one , from the youn gest to the oldest.Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh ! Our bar is ope n from 7 : 00 pm for drinksandsn acks （快餐）.Sim on' s Workshop5: 00 pm —7: 30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chanee for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy.The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years ' experienee of teaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the con fide nee to be funny.Charlotte Stone& 00 pm —11 : 00 pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music ; this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best- selling CD , with James Pickering on the piano .The menu is Italian , with excellent meat and fresh fish , pizzas and pasta（面食）. Book early to get a table.Our bar is open all day , and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.21．Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A ．Jules Skye.B ．Gee Whizz.C．Charlotte Stone. D．James Pickering.答案A解析细节理解题。
超实用高考英语复习：阅读理解——词义猜测题 ---讲练
专题15 阅读理解：词意猜测题备考高考英语二轮复习命题解读词义猜测题考查的是考生根据上下文推断猜测猜测词语或句子的能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
词句猜测题每套试卷一般为1题，但有一定难度，也是学生容易失分的题型。
考点分类词义猜测解体技巧一词语猜测题常见设问方式❖The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .❖In paragraph..., “...” can be replaced by “...”.❖“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…❖By saying that “...” in the first paragraph, the author means that_____❖What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?❖Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?❖The underlined word /sentence in the ... paragraph could best be replaced by…❖Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?解题技能1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。
这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
有时候利用上下文提供的语境和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，从而推断词义，这是近几年考试重点，这种题型更能检查学生英语综合能力。
(高中英语2019版)题型整合练(9)(含解析)(含答案)
2019高考英语（九月）题型整合练（9）李仕才一、阅读理解。
APersuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.1.What is the purpose of persuasion?A. To advise somebody to support you.B. To help someone have special skillC. To convince somebody to realize his aim.D. To talk someone into being honest.2.What is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience to trust him?A. Pathos.B. Ethos.C. Logos.D. Education.3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.B. Both save people from terrible wars.C. Both make the audience support them.D. Both persuade people to donate money.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Convince the AudienceB. Three Basic Tools of PersuasionC. Believe MeD. Strength of Persuasion【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。
2019版二轮复习英语通用版讲义： 阅读理解之题型篇 专题一 第四讲 词义猜测题——上下文中求答案 含解析
第四讲词义猜测题——上下文中求答案[考查内容] [设问方式] 根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。
要做好这类题目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________. In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by“______”．The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________.Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to ________.The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。
2019版二轮复习高考英语练酷版练习：锁定考向·精准备考 Word版含解析
锁定考向·精准备考——全国卷英语试题研读与命题趋势剖析一、阅读理解考查题型统计 项目卷别 体 裁细节理解题推理判断题主旨大意题词义猜测题卷Ⅰ应用文；说明文；说明文；说明文7521卷Ⅱ应用文；说明文；议论文；说明文93212018卷Ⅲ应用文；说明文；记叙文；议论文9321卷Ⅰ应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文7611卷Ⅱ应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文56222017卷Ⅲ应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文6621卷Ⅰ说明文；议论文；记叙文；说明文10311卷Ⅱ应用文；记叙文；说明文；记叙文75122016卷Ⅲ应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文8412从上表的信息可以看出，近三年全国卷阅读理解有如下特点：1．体裁各有所重从上面的表格中可以看出，全国卷阅读理解考查全面，体裁涉及应用文、说明文、记叙文和议论文四种体裁，但2018年全国卷Ⅰ和全国卷Ⅱ没有出现记叙文。
考生在练习四大体裁的文章时，要有所侧重。
2．细节决定成败根据上面的表格可以看出，题目设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
准确理解细节不但有助于提高细节理解题的得分率，而且也是做好推理判断题的前提。
因此，细节决定成败！3．题材丰富且具有时代性阅读理解选材涵盖人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题，更加注重将学科素养的考核融入对语言能力的考查中，充分体现了高考坚持立德树人、发展素质教育的目标。
二、阅读七选五考查类型 项目卷别体裁挖空位置主旨概括句上下文过渡句细节支撑句卷Ⅰ说明文段首1题；段中3题；段尾1题131卷Ⅱ说明文段首2题；段中2题；段尾1题2212018卷Ⅲ说明文段首2题；段中2题；段尾1题131卷Ⅰ记叙文段首2题；段中2题；段尾1题131卷Ⅱ说明文段首1题；段中4题122 2017卷Ⅲ说明文段首1题；段中3题；段尾1题122卷Ⅰ说明文段首1题；段中4题122卷Ⅱ说明文段首1题；段中4题131 2016卷Ⅲ说明文段首1题；段中4题113通过对近三年全国卷阅读七选五试题的分析，我们得知阅读七选五有以下特点：1．短文体裁：三年来，文章的体裁以说明文为主，偶尔会给出标题。
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精编优选练(十九)阅读理解——词句猜测题1(限时：25分钟)AFor many animals in the ocean, crabs (螃蟹) are food. How can they stay off the dinner menu?One type of crab, known as the decorator crab, has found a clever solution. It “decorates” itself. Decorator crabs use seaweed or sea sponges to protect themselves from natural enemies. More than 100 types of decorator crabs are found worldwide. One type, commonly called the longnose spider crab, takes decorating to a whole new level.“My original thought was that they might just t ry to look like a piece of seaweed to blend into (融入) the background，” says Dr.Jay Stachowicz, from the University of California. But he soon noticed something odd.The ocean floor was covered in seaweed, but these crabs wouldn' t use just any kind the y found. “They were very, very picky，”says Dr. Stachowicz.“They were picking things that were fairly uncommon.”Dr. Stachowicz noticed that longnose spider crabs would pick up a piece of seaweed and attach it to their back. Sometimes they would just eat it. These crabs were choosing to decorate themselves with seaweed that has a pepperytasting chemical in it. Most fish find this chemical unappetizing.Picking the right decorating material is important to the longnose spider crabs' chances of survival. “I f the crabs just decorated themselves to look like the background, they would be giving their natural enemies a little side salad with the main course，” says Dr. Stachowicz. But by carefully choosing the peppery seaweed, these decorator crabs can make their natural enemies stay away from them.Once a longnose spider crab has put together a good suit of “seaweed armor (盔甲)” to protect itself, it is set for a while. “When a crab leaves its old shell naturally, it has to redecorate. It often uses seaweed from its old shell to decorate the new one. What a smart animal it is！”says Dr.Stachowicz.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了一种属于装饰蟹的蜘蛛蟹，它们把伪装自己的本领发展到了一个新的境界——它们通过食用一种让其捕食者没有食欲的海草或用这些海草装扮自己的蟹壳来躲避危险。
1．What does the underlined word “odd” in Paragraph 3 mean?A．Dangerous. B．Ridiculous.C．Undisturbed. D．Unexpected.解析：词义猜测题。
根据画线词所在的第三段中的“‘My original thought was that theymight just try to look like a piece of seaweed to blend into the background’”及第四段中的“these crabs wouldn't use just any kind they found.‘They wer e very, very picky，’says Dr. Stachowicz.‘They were picking things that were fairly uncommon.’”可知，Stachowicz博士一开始认为这种蜘蛛蟹会把自己装扮得跟周围的环境一样来躲避捕食者，但后来他发现它们会挑选特定的海草来伪装自己。
它们如此地挑剔，这是他“意想不到的”。
答案：D2．What's the longnose spider crab's survival secret?A．Don't move.B．Don't be alone.C．Don't look tasty.D．Don't approach seaweed.解析：推理判断题。
文章第五、六段讲长鼻蜘蛛蟹的求生技巧。
根据第五段中的“These crabs were choosing to decorate themselves with seaweed that has a pepperytasting chemical in it. Most fish find this chemical unappetizing.”及第六段中的“But by carefully choosing the peppery seaweed, these decorator crabs can make their natural enemies stay away from them.”可知，长鼻蜘蛛蟹会特意选择一种有胡椒味的海草，这种味道让它的捕食者们望而却步，所以长鼻蜘蛛蟹的生存技巧就是不要让自己看起来那么美味。
A、B项文中未提及，而D项描述与原文不符，长鼻蜘蛛蟹就是要靠海草伪装自己。
答案：C3．What did Dr. Stachowicz find out about longnose spider crabs?A．They fight with fish over food.B．They recycle their decorations.C．They are sensitive to their enemies.D．They are choosy about the environment.解析：细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“When a crab leaves its old shell naturally，it has to redecorate.It often uses seaweed from its old shell to decorate the new one.”可知，当蜘蛛蟹蜕壳的时候，它也需要更换它的伪装物，而它通常会把旧壳上的海草拿下来放到新壳上以再次利用。
答案：B4．What may be the best title for the text?A．Dangers to Crabs B．A Crab's Clever SuitC．Precious Decorations D．Survival of the Fittest解析：标题归纳题。
根据第二段中的“One type of crab，known as the decorator crab, has found a clever solution.”和“One type, commonly called the longnose spider crab, takes decorating to a whole new level.”以及文中对长鼻蜘蛛蟹用海草伪装自己的描述可知，本文主要讲述了一种会对自己进行聪明伪装的螃蟹，故B项最适合作标题。
答案：BBWith the average American going through more than 700 pounds of paper per year, many firms are looking for ways to discourage their employees from overusing the office printer.Toshiba America Business Solutions has come up with an alternative idea.It has introduced the eSTUDIO4508LP, a printer that gives users the option to print with erasable toner (墨粉) — allowing a single piece of paper to be reused several times.To reuse a piece of paper, the printer basically uses the same process as a normal printer, but in reverse (反过来), said Bill Melo, chief marketing executive for Toshiba America Business Solutions. Paper printed with the erasable toner is fed back into the printer, superheated, and the toner gets removed and put in a discard (丢弃) tank.There are a couple of catches. All of the printouts using the erasable toner have to be in blue ink, which is the only color in which erasable toner is now available.And the company said that people may want to stop reusing the printouts after five times through the eraser because small traces of erased text will build up over time.The $15,420 printer is aimed at offices and schools, where there are often large numbers of printouts that outlive their usefulness quickly. With the erasable toner, it's possible to load any shortlived handouts back onto the printer to be erased and then reused.Still, convincing customers to commit to erasable toner isn't always easy. Melo said not all its customers were happy about only having the erasable option.The model, Melo said, should better serve the needs of those who want to be environmentally conscious but also may need something more permanent on occasion.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。