Passage 57 Washington
2011年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Classifications of Cultures Good morning everyone. Today we’ll look at culture, or rather, classifications of cultures. Usually when we deal with different people we deal with them as if we were all members of the same culture. However, it’s possible that people from different cultures have different assumptions about the world. Regarding such important and basic ideas of time, personal space and this is the view of Edward Hall. And Edward Hall is an anthropologist who spent a large part of his life studying American Indians, their culture, their language, but he was different from a lot of other anthropologists who just study one culture. He was interested in the relations between cultures, how cultures interact. What Hall believed is that cultures can be classified by placing them on a continuum, ranging from what he called “high-context” to “low-context”. Okay, what is a high-context culture?A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance. (1)What this means is that in a high-context culture more attention is paid to what’s happening in and around the message than to the message itself. (2)Now, let me give you examples. First, in terms of personal space, generally speaking in a high context culture, because there’s greater dependency on group thinking, people lean toward heavier sensory involvement or closeness to people and they have less respect for privacy, for personal space. (3) If you go into that culture people might stand closer when they’re talking to you, they might touch more and if they’re jostled in a crowd they won’t feel violated. And also, people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language, (4)because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message itself, and part of the context is body language. Second, in terms of time, people in high-context cultures are considered to have what is called a polychronic attitude toward time. Here “poly”means multiple and “chronic”means time. What this means is that they believe people, things, events, have their own time and there can’t be a standard system of time for everything. (5) What this leads them to believe is that you can’temphasize punctuality; things happen when they’re supposed to happen. So there’s a different attitude toward time. There’s no set standard of time. You can’t control time. Everything has its own sense of time. So it’s a culture that pays little attention to time, to clock time. Now, let’s move on to low-context culture. A low-context culture is just the opposite. A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event, or the action is of separate entity, having meaning unto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context. (6)The message, the event, the action have meaning in itself. So what this means in a low-context culture is that people pay more attention to the event itself, rather than to the context which surrounds the event or the message. For example, in terms of personal space again, there’s more emphasis on individuality, so the concept of privacy is very, very important, whereas before as I said in high-context culture they might not even be concerned with privacy or personal space. But, in a low-context culture, there’s a feeling that we each have our own personal space. If you get too close, if you don’t knock on doors before entering, that’s an invasion of privacy. People feel violated. There’s a respect and a desire for privacy. And, you will also see that people might pay less attention to body language, because, as I said, the message is, the message is everything. They’re not going to worry about all the details around it. What you say is the important thing, or what you do is the important thing.(7)Another example of a low-context culture is people’s attitude towards time. In terms of time, I said before there was a “polychronic” sense of time in a high-context culture. What do you think there would be in a low-context culture? “Monochrome,”right. A monochrome sense of time, and by that we mean there is one time, and that concept means that people in a low-context culture believe that there’s one standard of time, and that should be for everything. (8)And so, I’m not willing to hear, “Oh, the traffic was heavy, that’s why I’m late,” or “Oh, 1 slept late. “ People in a low-context culture will be much more upset with lateness, because they feel that everyone should follow the same time. (9)There shouldn’t be all this flexibility with time, and they expect punctuality. And, they look at time as almost a commodity that they use expressions like, “use time,”“to waste time,”“to spend time,” or “time is money.” All of these expressions reinforce the concept that time is actually something you can hold on to. So, what this is all about is that, Hall stresses that, people need to be aware of these different assumptions or concepts about reality. And, he thinks that this has all kind of relevance no matter what you are doing. If you’re in business, negotiations, interpersonal relations, if you’re dealing with people from different cultures in any way, it’s going to affect every part of your life. In any multi-cultural situation, these assumptions need to be taken into account for successful interaction. (10) Okay, today we’ve taken a brief look at Edward Hall’s view of culture, mainly his classification of high or low-context culture with some examples. Next week, we’ll look at some more examples of culture on the continuum between high-context and low-context cultures.Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures. I . High-context culture A.feature—context: more important than the message—meaning 【1】______ 【1】______i. e. moreattention paid to 【2】______than 【2】______to the message itself B. examples—personal space—preference for 【3】______ 【3】______—less respect for privacy/personal space—attention to 【4】______ 【4】______—concept of time —belief in 【5】______interpretations of time 【5】______—no concern for punctuality—no control over time II. Low-context cultureA. feature—message: separate form context—meaning 【6】______ 【6】______B. examples—personal space—desire/respect for individuality/privacy—less attention to body language—more concern for 【7】______ 【7】______—attitude toward time—concept of time: 【8】______ 【8】______—dislike of 【9】______ 【9】______—time seen as commodity III. Conclusionawareness of different cultural assumptions—relevance in work and life e.g. business, negotiation, etc.—【10】______in successful communication 【10】______1．正确答案：in(the)context／surroundings／environment。
官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析（原TPO）
官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析(原TPO)现在大家在进行托福备考时官方真题Official托福模考软件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。
托福听力可以说是整个托福考试当中比较重要的一个部分，如何利用现有资料官方真题Official模考软件来提升大家的托福成绩呢?今天小编在这里整理了官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析来分享给大家，希望对大家托福听力备考有帮助。
官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1原文文本Deer Populations of the Puget SoundTwo species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country; it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer's diet. Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salal, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. But this is fair-weather feeding. What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? One compensationfor not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, andother arboreal fodder.The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River on November 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances. They had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk. T o keep 40 people alive that winter, they consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. Later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, deer populations continued to fluctuate. David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states:" The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.Reduction in numbers of game should have boded ill for their survival in later times. A worsening of the plight of deer was to be expected as settlers encroached on the land, logging, burning, and clearing, eventually replacing a wilderness landscape with roads, cities, towns, and factories. No doubt the numbers of deer declined still further. Recall the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer, now in a protected status. But forthe black-tailed deer, human pressure has had just the opposite effect. Wildlife zoologist Helmut Buechner(1953), in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded time, says that "since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age annually for an indefinite period."The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions. First, the major predators of deer—wolves, cougar, and lynx—have been greatly reduced in numbers. Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting. But the most profoundreason for the restoration of high population numbers has been the fate of the forests. Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer.In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive. The protein content of shade-grown vegetation, for example, was much lower than that for plants grown in clearings.官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1题目Question 1 of 14According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.Question 2 of 14It can be inferred from the discussion in paragraph 2 that winter conditionsA. cause some deer to hibernateB. make food unavailable in the highlands for deerC. make it easier for deer to locate understory plantsD. prevent deer from migrating during the winterQuestion 3 of 14The word "inhibits " in the passage is closest in meaning toA. consists ofB. combinesC. restrictsD. establishesQuestion 4 of 14The phrase "in the same breath " in the passage is closest in meaning toA. impatientlyB. humorouslyC. continuouslyD. immediatelyQuestion 5 of 14The author tells the story of the explorers Lewis and Clark in paragraph 3 in order to illustrate which of the following points?A. The number of deer within the Puget Sound region has varied over time.B. Most of the explorers who came to the Puget Sound area were primarily interested in hunting game.C. There was more game for hunting in the East of the UnitedStates than in the West.D. Individual explorers were not as successful at locating games as were the trading companies.Question 6 of 14According to paragraph 3, how had Fort Vancouver changed by the time David Douglas returned in 1832?A. The fort had become the headquarters for the Hudson's Bay Company.B. Deer had begun populating the meadows around the fort.C. Deer populations near the fort had been destroyed.D. Crop yields in the area around the fort had decreased.Question 7 of 14Why does the author ask readers to recall “the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer ” in the discussion of changes in the wilderness landscape?A. To provide support for the idea that habitat destruction would lead to population declineB. To compare how two species of deer caused biotic changes in the wilderness environmentC. To provide an example of a species of deer that has successfully adapted to human settlementD. To argue that some deer species must be given a protected statusQuestion 8 of 14The phrase “indefinite period ” in the passage is closest in meaning to periodA. whose end has not been determinedB. that does not begin when expectedC. that lasts only brieflyD. whose importance remains unknownQuestion 9 of 14Which of the following statements about deer populations is supported by the information in paragraph 4?A. Deer populations reached their highest point during the 1940s and then began to decline.B. The activities of settlers contributed in unexpected ways to the growth of some deer populations in later times.C. The cleaning of wilderness land for construction caused biotic changes from which the black-tailed deer population has never recovered.D. Since the 1940s the winter populations of deer have fluctuated more than the summer populations have.Question 10 of 14The word “rebound ” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. declineB. recoveryC. exchangeD. movementQuestion 11 of 14Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Arthur Einarsen’s longtime family with the Pacif ic Northwest helped him discover areas where deer had an increase in suitable browse.B. Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food.C. Biologist like Einarsen believe it is important to findadditional open areas with suitable browse for deer to inhabit.D. According to Einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetation that may someday improve the nutrition of deer in the open areas of the Pacific Northwest.Question 12 of 14Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a factor that has increased deer populations?A. A reduction in the number of predatorsB. Restrictions on huntingC. The effects of logging and fireD. Laws that protected feeding grounds of deerQuestion 13 of 14Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?There food is available and accessible throughout the winter..Question 14 of 14Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Deer in the Puget Sound area eat a wide variety of foods and migrate seasonally to find food.A.The balance of deer species in the Puget Sound region has changed over time, with the Columbian white-tailed deer now outnumbering other types of deer.B.Deer populations naturally fluctuate, but early settlers in the Puget Sound environment caused an overall decline in thedeer populations of the areas at that time.C.In the long term, black-tailed deer in the Puget Sound area have benefitted from human activities through the elimination of their natural predators, and more and better food in deforested areas.D.Because Puget Sound deer migrate, it was and still remains difficult to determine accurately how many deer are living at any one time in the western United States.E.Although it was believed that human settlement of the American West would cause the total number of deer to decrease permanently, the opposite has occurred for certain types of deer.F.Wildlife biologists have long been concerned that the loss of forests may create nutritional deficiencies for deer.官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1解析Question 1 of 14正确答案：D题目解析：以White-tailed deer做关键词定位至最后一句：The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country; it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.说白尾鹿过去是什么什么地方的，现在是什么什么地方的，也就是它们的生活环境发生了变化，所以D不再在原来的地方生活正确。
Washington DC
Potomac River
George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States of America, serving from 1789 to 1797, and the dominant military and political leader of the United States from 1775 to 1799. He led the American victory over Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander-inchief of the Continental Army from 1775 to 1783, and presided over the writing of the Constitution in 1787. Washington became the first president by unanimous choice, and oversaw the creation of a strong, well-financed national government that maintained neutrality in the wars raging in Europe, suppressed rebellion and won acceptance among Americans of all types. His leadership style established many forms and rituals of government that have been used since, such as using a cabinet system and delivering an inaugural address. Washington is universally regarded as the "Father of his country".
2021年托福阅读PASSAGE 57 试题及答案
2021年托福阅读PASSAGE 57试题及答案PASSAGE 57Often enough the craft worker's place of employment in ancient Greece was set in rural isolation. Potter, for instance, found it convenient to locate their workshops near their source of clay, regardless of its relation to the center of settlement. At Corinth and Athens, however, two of the best-known potters' quarters were situated on the cities' outskirts, and potters and makers of terra-cotta figurines were also established well within the city of Athens itself. The techniques of pottery manufacture had evolved well before the Greek period, but marked stylistic developments occurred in shape and in decoration, for example, in the interplay of black and other glazes with the red surface of the fired pot. Athenian black-figure and red-figure decoration, which emphasized human figures rather than animal images, was adopted between 630 and 530 B.C.; its distinctive color and luster were the result of the skillful adjustments of the kiln's temperature during an extended three-stage period if firing the clayware. Whether it was the potters or the vase-painters who initiated changes in firing is unclear, the functions of making and decorating were usually divided between them, but neither group can have been so specialized that they did not share in the concerns of the other.The broad utility of terra-cotta was such that workers in clay could generally afford to confine themselves to either decorated ware and housewares like cooking pots and storage jars or building materials like roof tiles and drainpipes. Some sixth- and fifth-century B.C. Athenian pottery establishments are known to have concentrated on a limited range of fine ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the island of Thasos produced many types of pottery and roof tiles too, presumably to meet local demand. Molds were used to create particular effects for some products, such as relief-decorated vessels and figurines; for other products such as roof tiles, which were in some quantity, they were used to facilitate mass production. There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means — as numerous featureless statuettes and unattractive cases testify.1. The passage mainly discusses ancient Greek pottery and its(A) production techniques(B) similarity to other crafts(C) unusual materials(D) resemblance to earlier pottery2. The phrase "regardless of" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) as a result of(B) no matter what(C) proud of(D) according to3. It can be inferred from the passage that most pottery establishments in ancient Greece were situated(A) in city centers(B) on the outskirts of cities(C) where clay could be found(D) near other potters' workshops4. The word "marked" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) original(B) attractive(C) noticeable(D) patterned5. The word "confine" in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) adapt(B) train(C) restrict(D) organize6. It can be inferred from the passage that terra-cotta had which of the following advantages(A) It did not break during the firing process.(B) It was less expensive than other available materials.(C) Its surface had a lasting shine.(D) It could be used for many purposes.7. The word "presumably" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) frequently(B) practically(C) preferably(D) probably8. The word "they" in line 24 refers to(A) molds(B) particular effects(C) products(D) vessels and figurines9. According to the passage , all of the following are true of ancient Greek potters and vase EXCEPT:(A) Their functions were so specialized that they lacked common concerns.(B) They sometimes produced inferior ware.(C) They produced pieces that had unusual color and shine.(D) They decorated many of their works with human images.ANSWER KEYSPASSAGE 57ABCCC DDAA。
2020-2021学年上海华二(紫竹)高三英语下学期3月考试卷及答案
2021华二（紫竹）高三英语下学期3月考试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Tweenbots are human-dependent cardboard robots that navigate the city with the help of pedestrians they encounter. Rolling at a constant speed, in a straight line, Tweenbots have a destination (21) (display) on a flag and rely on passer-by they come across to read this flag and to aim them in the right direction to reach their goal.I walked out to Washington Square Park on a sunny summer day, (22) (place) my first Tweenbot on the sidewalk, and walked away. From a distance, I observed as the Tweenbot––a smiling 10-inch tall cardboard missionary––bumped along towards his inevitable fate.It was incredible.(23) _______ a Tweenbot got caught under a park bench, ground repeatedly against a curb, or became trapped in a pothole, some passer-by would always rescue it and send it toward its goal. Never once (24) a Tweenbot lost or damaged. Often, people would ignore the instructions to aim the Tweenbot in the "right" direction, if that direction meant (25) (send) the robot into a dangerous situation. One man turned the robot back in the direction (26) _______ it had just come, saying out loud to the Tweenbot, "You can’t go that way, it’s toward the road."The Tweenbot’s unexpected presence in the city created an unfolding narrative that speaks to the power of a simple technological object (27) (create) a complex network powered by human intelligence and asynchronous(非同时发生的) interactions. The journey (28) take becomes a story of people's willingness to engage with a creature that mirrors human characteristics of being easily harmed, of being lost, and of having intention (29) the means of achieving its goal alone.(30) each encounter with an empathetic(有同感的) pedestrian takes a Tweenbot one step closer to reaching its destination, the significance of our random discoveries and individual actions builds up into a story about a vast space made small by an even smaller robot.Section B (10分)Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Narrowing the Gap between College Degrees and Practical Skills Getting a university degree has never seemed more important: college graduates earn more money, live longer, and are happier. But college degrees are expensive (especially in the US), 31 focused(especially in the UK), and often fail to build the skills employers want (true in most countries).A new university in the UK wants to change that.The London Interdisciplinary School (LIS), which will 32 . in 2021 with a target of 100 students, will scrap traditional academic subjects and offer a three-year bachelor of arts and sciences degree designed to 33 real-world issues. The 34 is built around interdisciplinary problems-knife crime, childhood obesity, palm oil in supply chains, plastic pollution----as well as quantitative and qualitative research skills. Employers like the Met Police, Innocent, and Virgin will provide project ideas and offer five-week work experience for students.The idea is similar to a US liberal arts degree (a rarity in the UK) but also more explicitly focused on "interdisciplinarity, "or drawing on 35 subjects-economics, psychology, sociology, statistics-to solve 36 problems like childhood obesity. In other words, the problem, not the subject, sits at the center of the curriculum. The skills students develop, the founders hope, will more closely agree with what an Al-infused, automated world demands: 37 between people and machines, critical thinking, speaking and writing skills, and data management, to name just a few things.Students will tackle problems through various disciplines: knife crime, for example, by understanding cultural and socioeconomic factors in different neighborhoods, data science, statistics, publicly 38 data, an economics or psychology lens.In the UK, students apply through a central clearinghouse, and exam results are of primary importance. At LIS, students will instead apply 39 and all will be invited to a"selection day" which will include a face-to-face interview so that LIS can understand a students' background，motivations, and passions. Interviews will be conducted by a panel to minimize bias. Conditional offers will be 40 based on personal background, circumstances and, also, grades.III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed(受到称赞的) “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to (41)________ other people's emotions. The same was not (42)________ of nonfiction or “popular" fiction, the mystery, romance and science fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.Researchers (43)________ a series of five experiments which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as "Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a(n) (44)________ of empathy. Overall, study participants scored better after reading literary fiction, versus the other three (45)________.It was a(n) (46)________ improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, "It's not like taking people from a ‘C' to an ‘A' ," he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, mean ing it's unlikely to have been due to (47)________.What's so (48)________ about literary fiction? It's usually more focused on character than on plot. There is usually no single "dominant narrator" who takes readers through the story. It (49)________ that the readers should think about the characters and fill in the gaps. The author doesn't tell you what to think. Readers have to make (50)________ about characters. And that's often what people are doing in the real-life conversations."This is great study!" said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, who was not involved in the new study. (51)________, he added that the overall research in this area is "still in its infancy" and one key question is whether literary fiction really (52)________ other types of fiction. So, it's too early to tell people to (53)________ their romance novel for Nobel literature, at least if the goal is boosting empathy.But it is (54)________ that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. “There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous(可笑的), or not practical,” Mar said. “But there's a growing body of evidence that it's important in (55)________ that we need in our lives.”41. A. evaluate B. manage C. spell D. interpret42. A. true B. successful C. critical D. compulsory43. A. participated in B. went through C. set up D. compared to44. A. tool B. measure C. standard D. source45. A. subjects B. books C. conditions D. studies46.A. moderate B. invaluable C. significant D. unnoticeable47. A. reading B. time C. mistake D. chance48. A. curious B. intense C. special D. professional49. A. demands B. reveals C. confesses D. favors50. A. contact B. inferences C. assumptions D. images51. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Even52. A. outweighs B. challenges C. dominates D. reduces53. A. cling to B. trade in C. invest in D. wear out54. A. expected B. suspected C. criticized D. agreed55. A. conversations B. moods C. skills D. innovationsSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)There are few situations more unpleasant than a television presenter trying to hang on to a job. When one of the presenters of the BBC program Crimewatch resigned recently, rather than suffer the inevitable indignity of being unfinished and replaced by a younger version, he made the usual hurt noises about his masters’ overemphasis on youth. People in the media listened sympathetically before he slid from view to join the ranks of television’s has-beens.The presenter’s argument, that the viewers don’t care how old you are so long as you can “do the job,” unfortunately is not backed up by the evidence. When you're on TV, viewers are always thinking about whether you're losing your hair or your figure and, lately, whether you've had cosmetic work done. This is what they’re actually doing when you think they’re listening to the wise things you say. Viewers actually don't understand much of what the job involves, they just see you sitting there looking the part. Like the ability to pat one’s head while rubbing one's stomach, TV presenting is just one of those skills. Some of those who possess this skill can hit the big name. inevitablyas they become more attached to the lifestyle this brings, however, the more likely they are to overstate the skill.In reality，if somebody is paying you a lot of money to do a job，it's often on the tacit(心照不宣的)understanding that you may be fired suddenly---it's part of the deal. Unlike football managers, TV presenters pretend not to understand this. If they’ve had many years being paid silly sums to read a script from an autocue(自动题词机)，it's difficult for them to accept that they³ve been the beneficiary of good fortune rather than anything else; even harder to face the fact that an editor could all too easily send them to the shopping channels.Something similar eventually awaits all the people who are currently making fortunes that would have been unimaginable to earlier generations of presenters. One day we'll decide that their face no longer fits and they³ll be dragged away complaining about the same ageist policy from which they no doubt previously profited. Show business is a brutal(残忍的)business. The one thing it reliably punishes is age, particularly among women. That's why, at the age of fifty, female TV presenters become female radio presenters and why girl bands planning to re-form need to get it done before they're forty, after which it will get too hard for everyone to suspend their collective disbelief.56. What does the writer imply about the Crimewatch presenter he mentions in the first paragraph?A. He was unwise to resign when he did.B. He will soon be forgotten by the viewers.C. He may well have had a valid point to make.D. He was treated insensitively by his employers.57. The underlined pronoun “this" in paragraph 2 refers to .A. a public imageB. a level of successC. an overstatementD. a common misunderstanding58. Why does the writer mention football managers in paragraph 3?A. To support his view that presenters are overpaid.B. To stress how important luck is in certain occupations.C. To show how relatively secure TV presenters are in their jobs.D. To illustrate a general rule that applies to certain types of job.59. According to the writer, TV personalities who may worry about ageism .A. should look for work in other forms of broadcastingB. may have benefited from it themselves at some pointC. are less well respected than presenters of the pastD. are being unfair to up-and-coming younger colleagues(B)60.In Fabric &Styles, which item leaves you with the latest personal choice?A.FabricB. Fly StyleC. Pocket StyleD. Thread Color61.According to the passage, which of the following statements is True?A.The tailor will meet all the requirements on your jeans on condition that you state every detail clearly in your order.B.If the order with wrong measurements has already been processed, nothing can be done tofix the situation.C.Before payment. you'd better check your order in detail and can still make modifications ifnecessary.D. You will have to wash your jeans upon receipt, because they don't fit perfectly until theyshrink a little after washing.62. If you place an overseas order with full payments by PayPal on October 12, you will receiveyour jeans no later than______.A. Oct. 21B. Oct. 26C. Nov.16D.Nov.20（C）Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist(女权主义者) movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual theorists” were in reality connected to a movement utopian socialism--which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated(到达顶峰) in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls. New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simoniamism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed itsadherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism. European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.Saint-Simon's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they owed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.63. It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe early feminists in the United States as“solitary” to be______________.A. insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thoughtB. overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848C. not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scopeD. insufficiently aware of the ideological consequence of the Seneca Falls conference64. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Seneca Falls conference on women’s rights?A. It was primarily a product of nineteenth-century Saint-Simonian feminist thought.B. It was the work of American activists who were independent of feminists abroadC. It was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movement.D. It was a manifestation of an international movement for social change and feminism65.It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary for.historians of American feminism because such study______________.A. would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influenced American feminismB. would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the Utopian socialism of early American.feministsC. would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonian thought before 1832D. promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 184866. According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society.envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?A. A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive educationB. A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal statusC. A society in which women did not enter public lifeD. A social order in which body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.How to improve efficiency when working at home?Distinguish between work and home modeOne of the biggest merits about working from home - slowly moving from bed to the sofa five minutes before you start - can also be your biggest challenge, says Eyre-White.Don’t forget that you are there to work ——(67)______________ “Switch from home to work mode,” she says, by having something you physically do to “flip the switch”.“Maybe it’s walking round the block, making a special kind of tea, or lighting a candle at your desk. It doesn’t matter what it is but do it without fail to create a strong association in your mind,” she says.Be realistic about what you can achieve“A wide, open day working from home can feel full of possibilities. 145 things on the to do list? No problem! Don't fall into the trap of being over-ambitious," says Eyre-White. Instead, she recommends being realistic and then possibly achieving more than you set out to; and feeling satisfied, rather than feeling disappointed you didn't do everything.She suggests choosing three to five things to do and aim to get the majority done before lunch.“(68)______________” she recommends.Work in short burstsIn the office your day is broken up by everything from meetings to water-cooler chats, lunch breaks and even toilet breaks, but when you are sat at home on your own with no face-to-face interaction planned it can be easy to just work for long, unbroken periods.“(69)_____________ Although this can be frustrating, they divide the day up and create natural chunks of time,” explains Eyre-White. “In contrast, a day at home can be very unstructured.”In order to be productive, she recommends imposing stricture on yourself. For example, working in 45-60 minute chunks of focused work followed by a short break.” This can be an effective way to break the day up and maintain your concentration levels,” she says.Manage distractionsBeing in an office gives us a limited number of ways to get distracted but when you start working in a new environment (especially a very familiar one) it can be easy to let yourself get distracted.“(70)_________________” says Byre-White. “So proactively manage things which might interrupt your focus.” She explains: “Keep them limited to short breaks in between chunks of focused work. A change of scene is all we need to give our brain a break, and it’s the perfect time to put a load of washing on or empty the dishwasher.”V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.务必牢记：确保学校安全后才分期分批开学。
washington,D.C
Economy
Washington's economy to a great extent with the federal government or by the defense department, the department of energy, the state health officials, the food and drug administration and related government agencies. Because of the federal government's operation is almost not affected by economic depression, and the influence of other area compared with the United States, Washington's economy by the economic depression influence is relatively small.
culture
1 education
2 Historical building
George Washington University
• George Washington university is the top one of private universities, the school was founded in 1821, is a famous private comprehensive university. Institute in Washington, d.c. centre, the world bank, the international monetary fund, the state council, only a few blocks away from the White House.
北京高考英语阅读强化题带答案
北京高考英语阅读强化题(一)Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as ayoung man are still in existence. They show that hewas learning Latin，was very interested in the basicsof good behavior in society，and was reading Englishliterature.At school he seems only to have been interested inmathematics.In fact，his formal education was surprisingly brief for a gentleman，andincomplete For unlike other young Virginian of that day，he did not go to the College ofWilliam and Mary in the Virginian capital of Williamsburg.In terms of formal trainingthen，Washington contrasts sharply with some other early American Presidents such as JohnAdams，Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.In later years，Washington probably regrettedhis lack of intellectual training He never felt comfortable in a debate in Congress(国会)，or onany Subject that had not to do with everyday，practical matters And because he never learnedFrench and could not speak directly to the French leaders，he did not visit the country headmired SO much.Thus，unlike Jefferson and Adams，he never reached Europe1.Why didn't Washington go to college?A.His family could not afford it.B A college education was rather uncommon in his time.C.He didn't like the young Virginian gentlemenD.The author doesn't give any reason.2.Washington felt uncomfortable in Congress debates because he _____A.1acked practice in public speakingB.felt his education was not good enoughC.didn't like arguing and debating with peopleD felt that debating was like intellectual training3.The reason why Washington didn't visit France was probablythat he _____A.didn't really care about goingB.didn't know French 1eadersC.couldn't communicate directly with the French leadersD.was too busy to Navel4.According to the author _____A Washington's lack of formal education placed him at a disadvantage in later lifeB.Washington should have gone to France even though he could not speak FrenchC.Washington was not as good a president as Adams，Jefferson or MadisonD Washington was a model for all Virginian gentlemen5.The main idea of the passage is that Washington's education____A was of great variety，covering many SubjectsB was probably equal to those of most young gentlemen of his timeC.may seem poor by modern standards.but was good enough for his timeD was rather limited for a president北京高考英语阅读强化题答案1.D2.B3.C4.A5.D北京高考英语阅读强化题(二)Children in the United States are exposed to manyinfluences other than that of their families.Televisionis the most significant of these influences，becausethe habit of watching television usually begins beforechildren start attending school.Parents are concerned about the lack of quality intelevision programs for children.The degree of violence in many of these shows also worriesthem.Studies indicate that，when children are exposed to violence，they many becomeaggressive or insecure. Parents are also concerned at，out the commercials that theirchildren see on television. Many parents would like to see fewer commercials during programsfor children.And some parents feel that these shows should not have any commercials at allbecause young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers.Educational television has no commercials and has programs for children that many parentsapprove of The most famous of these is Sesame Street，which tries to give preschool childrena head start in learning the alphabet(字母)and numbers.It also flies to teach children usefulthings about the world in which they live.Even though most parents and educators give Sesame Street and shows like it high marks forquality，some critics argue that all television，whether educational or not，is harmful tochildren.These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television every day turns childreninto bored and passive(被动的)consumers of their world rather than encouraging them tobecome active explorers of it.1.Which of the following statements is NOT based on the passage?A.Parents are worried about the influence from television on their childrenB Television has much influence on childrenC Both parents and their children like watching educational television.D.Some critics think that television is no good for children.2.In what ways do children suffer from television?A.They become the victims of social violenceB They spend hours watching television instead of doing school workC The programs make the children lose interest in the world.D The programs make the children spend too much of their parents' money3.Parents would not like their children to see commercials because ___A.they think that their children ore not old enough to handle advertisingmercials teach children alphabet and numbersmercials help to sell productsD.they don't like commercialscational television is widely appreciated because________A.it does have the same commercials as othersB.it offers programs for both children and their parentsC many parents like the programs it offers for their childrenD.children can learn some school subjects before they go to school5.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A.Watching Too Much Television May Be Harmful to Young MindsB.Television Is More Harmful than EducationalC.Television's Influence on ChildrenD More Education Television北京高考英语阅读强化题答案1.C2.C3.A4.C5.C。
2022年09月英语四级真题及答案(共三套)
2022 年9 月大学英语四级考试真题(第1 套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose your university is selecting some students to teach kids in remote rural areas during the coming vocation. You are now to write an application letter to the university to explainwhy y ou w ant to take part and what you can do for the kids. You will have 30 minutes towrite the letter. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A. It examines the effect of choleste rol on people’s health.B.Its participants all had high blood cholesterol levels.C.It questions the benefits of a vegetarian protein diet.D.Its finding came as a surprise to the researchers.2.A. They do not know all the effects of eating meat.B.Red meat itself does not cause heart diseases.C.White meat may be healthier than red meat.D.Vegetarian protein may be easier to absorb.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A. It may have been due to the lorry driver’s drunk driving.B.It may affect the local supply of turkeys for Christmas.C.It interrupted traffic for several hours running.D.It was caused by a lorry running into a trailer.4. A. It has been the scene of several fatal accidents recently.B.It i s t he s pot t hat c auses the local police a lot o f w orry.C.It has witnessed several traffic accidents this year.D.It is a location frequently by local traffic police.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A. Get approval to add more routes. B. Attract more international tourists.C. Advertise it through a mobile app.D. Make it affordable to common folk.6.A. It costs more than twice as much as a car ride.B.It is gaining popularity among ordinary Indians.C.It symbolizes India’s advancement in high-tech.D.It can get anywhere in the city within 15 minutes.7.A. International tourists. B. High-class travelers.C. Prominent superstars.D. Customers in a hurry.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A. Treat her friends in a bar. B. Take a trip to Washington.C. Make some cheese.D. Throw a party.9.A. S pend n o more t han 30 dollars. B. Buy different kinds of cheese.C. Help him prepare the barbecue.D. Find out different people’s tastes.10.A. It is the best kind of hard cheese. B. It is the most popular in Spain.C. It is more delicious than honey.D. It is a good choice for children.11.A. B uy w hat t he m an r ecommended. B. Have a taste of both of the cheeses.C. Choose one of the two types of cheese.D. Ask the man to cut the cheese into slices. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A. New teachers and staff have to be recruited.B.It might take some time for students to adapt.C.It involves buying lots of tablets and software.D.The software has to be constantly upgraded.13.A. It can greatly improve their learning efficiency.B.It can help them to interact more with teachers.C.It can save their trouble of carrying printed books.D.It can develop their skills in using electronic devices.14.A. They may have trouble comprehending texts.B.They may encounter technological problems.C.They may pay less respect to teachers.D.They may get distracted more easily.15.A. It generates a great deal of electronic garbage.B.It does a lot of damage to the environment.C.It emits huge amounts of harmful radiation.D.It accelerates the exhaustion of rare minerals.Section CDirections: In this section，you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A. Communicate with o ur coworkers. B. Encounter people in different places.C. Judge people based on our first impressions.D. Engage in a variety of psychological activities.17.A. It is an objective evaluation of a person’s character.B.It is a mental process influenced by many factors.C.It contributes to the formation of personal traits.D.It varies greatly among different social groups.18.A. I t c an lead t o incorrect judgments. B. It can cause mistrust among people.C. It can result in instant losses.D. It can give rise to gender bias. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A. Both groups spend a lot of time on mobile devices.B.Both groups attach importance to social connections.C.They are equally competent in using new technology.D.They are similar in terms of social skills.20.A. Their social skills were negatively affected.B.Their school performance was slightly lower.C.Their emotions were much harder to regulate.D.Their relations with peers were badly strained.21.A. It may pose a threat to their children’s safety.B.It may affect society’s traditional values.C.It may hurt their relations with children.D.It may change their children’s ethical values.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A. I t i s m otivating. B. It is p assive.C. It is incredible.D. It is impracticable.23.A. It results in short-term excitement. B. It helps us avoid making mistakes.C. It breeds long-term passion and enthusiasm.D. It is bound to help us achieve greater success.24.A. D rive u s f orward. B. Bring us p ower.C. Spur us to action.D. G ive u s i deas.25.A. L istening t o s uccess s tories. B. Applying ideas to one’s life.C. Following the advice of experts.D. Consuming the world around us.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following p assage.Public perception of success in the U.S. might be totally misguided.While 92% of people believe others care most about fame and 26 , fewer than 10% factor thoseA.accommodateB.accordinglyC.acquiringD.botheredE.fortuneF.fulfillingG.identifyH.literally I.opposite J.profession K.purpose L.ranked M.released N.similarly O.wrongqualities into their own success. This is according to the newly 27 study by Harvard Graduate School of Education professor Todd Smith. Smith says he was 28 by how past studies on success “assumed what people will care about.” In this study, his team “went the 29 direction” by spending years carrying out individual interviews and group surveys to see what people really talk about when they talk about success.As a scientist, Smith 30 studied i ndividuality for a living, and e ven he was surprised to find younger respondents cared more about having a 31 in life. Those between the ages of 18 and 34 prioritized it most, and that prioritization dropped off as respondents’ ages went up. Perhaps this is because older people had fewer options when they were starting their careers, at a time when values focused more on stable incomes than 32 personal missions.Other trends included an emphasis on the importance of parenting. Being a parent 33 very high across the priorities of all study participants. Ultimately, Smith hopes institutions will take note of these insights 34 .High education institutions tend to focus on preparing students for high-paying jobs. For such institutions, from universities to workplaces, to better 35 people in the U.S., they’ll need to understand “what the American public highly prioritizes,” Smith says.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement c ontains i nformation given i n o ne of t he paragraphs. I dentify t he paragraph f romwhich the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet .2How a rabbit study and an ex-student boost my hopes for a future of “love and dignity”A)At w hatever g rade l evel t eachers f ind t hemselves, f rom k indergarten to t he f inal c lass a t m edical o rlaw school, few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former students reappear years and often decades later with an update on where their journey has taken them and what resiliencies (韧性) have been the pavement on which they’ve traveled.B)So it was when a recent letter came from Kelli Harding, a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studiessummer course in Washington. The weekly tuition-free class, in a roomy space that Ralph Nader and his Public Citizen nonprofit group provided, was discussion-based and required no useless homework or e xams. J ust c ome i n a nd f igure o ut h ow t o i ncrease p eace a nd d ecrease v iolence. A nd d o i t t oday, tomorrow is too late. The course attracted mostly congressional interns (实习生), with a few exceptions like Kelli who was in Washington as an AmeriCorps volunteer.C)Her year-long service included comforting AIDs patients at a free health clinic and delivering mealsto the homebound. It was a world apart from her undergraduate days at the University of California-Berkeley majoring in political science. The Washington experience, which Kelli would later call “transformative,” was the fuel that carried her into medicine to earn a maste r’s degree in public health from Columbia University and a medical degree from the University of Rochester, and almost two decades of practice as an emergency-room psychiatrist ( 精神科医生) at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and a clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.D)Kelli’s letter, a literate update on both her personal and professional life, touched my heart, andespecially so when saying that two decades later she still has the course text, “Solutions to Violence,”and that “it remains one of my favorite possessions.” She lives in Lower Manhattan with her husband, Padraic, whom she met on a flight to London, and their three boys.E)If Kelli stands out, it’s because she is also a gifted writer. Last month, Atr ia Books published herbook The Rabbit Effect: Live Longer, Happier and Healthier with the Groundbreaking Science of Kindness.F)With a b lending o f f ree-flowing c onfessional p rose a nd s cholarly r esearch f ound i n 461 n otes, K ellimet my e xpectations that her ideas and ideals would be sound and singular. “Despite our scientific progress,” she writes, “Americans are remarkably unhealthy. In 2016, the United States rankedforty-third in the world for life expectancy…It is also by far the world’s most expensiv e place to get sick.”G)Enter the rabbits —not those running around in our woodlands but ones serving in two month-longmedical experiments to test the effects of eating a high-fat diet and the connections between cholesterol and heart disease. With similar diets, the expectations were that all the rabbits would have similar cloggings of their arteries (动脉堵塞). Yet one group had 60% fewer of them.H)The reason? Instead of receiving the standard care given to lab animals, the 60% group was watchedover by a newcomer to the lab who, Kelli writes, “handled the animals differently. When she fed her rabbits she talked to them and petted them. She didn’t just pass out food, she gave them love… The studies indicate something is missing in the traditional biomedic a l model. It wasn’t diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy. It was kindness.”I)Amid the political noise about Obamacare, Medicare, Medicaid, health insurance and thievingpharmaceutical (医药的) companies, Kelli Harding stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes, the simpler the better. She has walked too many miles in the halls of hospitals visiting too many far-gone patients and seeing too many medical mistakes to go along with conventional thinking.J)“The rabbit effect,” she explains, means that “when it comes to our health, we’ve been missing some crucial pieces: hidden factors behind what really makes us healthy. Factors like love, friendship, and dignity. The designs of our neighborhoods, schools, and workplaces. “There’s a social dimension to health that we’ve completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting -edge medical care… Ultimately, what affects our health in the most meaningful ways has more to do with how we treat one another, how we live, and how we think about what it means to be human than with anything that happens in the doctor’s office.”K)In more than a few passages, she relates the stories of men and women who came up against assembly-line m edicine w h ere p atients w ere t reated m ostly a s p ieces o f f lesh. “Clinically,”s he w rites, “it’s common to see two patients with the same condition, such as recovering from a heart attack, have two very different courses based on seemingly irrelevant factors, such as their familyrelationships or their educational levels. In my practice, the sickest people I see often share similar backgrounds: loneliness, abuse, poverty, or discrimination. For them, the medical model isn’t e nough.It’s like fixing up an airplane engin e and ignoring that the pilot is on his third drink at the bar and a massive storm is overhead… To properly care for patients, we also need to care about the lives of the people getting the care.”L)Kelli w astes n o t ime taking potshots at (随意批评) t he m edical e stablishment a nd i ts b ody-centered biomedicine methods. Instead, she remains positive, holding up for praise one of her medical school professors, George Engel, “who always noticed not just a patient’s physical condition but little details about her life, such as if she had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered. He was the kind of trusted doctor you’d feel relieved to see and welcome into the room with a sick family member. He’d sit down to talk with the patient not just abou t m edical p roblems, b ut a bout h er l ife and priorities. He built a large consultation service to address the holistic (整体的) needs of hospitalized patients, including psychological and social factors.M)It’s a guess how many George Engels in her white jack ets are at work these days and another speculation o n t he n umber o f K elli H ardings t he n ation i s b lessed w ith. M ay t he t otals b e l arge a nd getting larger.36.Kelli Harding also distinguishes herself by her literary talent.37.Kelli Harding doesn’t think America’s medical model is sufficient for patients who need help most.38.Kelli Harding differs from those seeking quick and simple solutions to America’s medical problems.39.Kelli Harding was a participant in a summer course the author taught.40.According to Kelli Harding, scientific advances have not made Americans healthier, nor prolongedtheir life.41.The author was deeply moved by what Kelli Harding wrote about her current life.42.George Engel, in treating his patients, not only looks into their symptoms but also into things like theemotional support they receive.43.According to Kelli Harding, rabbits’ health had more to do with human’s kindness to them than theirdiet or genetics.44.What Kelli Harding went through in Washington changed her life.45. A social aspect to health has not been taken into account in trying to provide the best medical care. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2witha single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following p assage.Academic dishonesty is nothing new. As long as there have been homework assignments and tests, there have been cheaters. The way that cheating looks has changed over time, though, particularly now that technology has made it easier than ever. A study by the Josephson I nstitute of Ethics interviewed 23,000 high school students and asked them a variety of questions about academic ethics. Of the teens surveyed, 51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at some point on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behavior. A Common Sense Media survey found that 35 percent of students hadcheated via smartphone, though the parents surveyed in that particular study did not believe their kids had ever cheated. In many cases, students did not realize that strategies like looking up answers on a smartphone were actually cheating at all.In today’s classrooms, students who cheat are rarely caught. There are no formulas written on the insides of hands or students looking across the aisle , or whispering answers to their classmates. Today’s students use smartphones, tablets or even in-class computers to aid their cheating attempts and leave no trace of their crimes. Since cheating through technology is not listed specifically as being against the rules in many school policies, students do not view the actions unethical.The technology is being adopted so quickly that school districts cannot adequately keep up with cheating policies, or even awareness campaigns that alert students to the problem with using technology to find answers in a certain way. From a young age, students learn that answers exist conveniently at their fingertips through search engines and expert websites.Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology and these policies must be updated consistently. Teachers must stay on guard when it comes to what their students are doing in classrooms and how technology could be playing a negative role in the learning process. Parents must talk to their kids about the appropriate ways to find academic answers and alert them to unethical behaviors that may seem innocent in their own eyes.46.What do we learn from the study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics?A.Over half of the students interviewed were unaware they were cheating.B.Cheating was becoming a way of life for a majority of high school teens.C.More than half of the interviewees felt no sense of guilt over cheating.D.Cheating was getting more and more difficult for high school students.47.What did the Common Sense Media survey reveal?A.Most parents tended to overprotect their children.B.Many students committed cheating unknowingly.C.Students were in urgent need of ethical education.D.Parents and kids had conflicting ideas over cheating.48.Why do students rarely get caught cheating nowadays?A.They copy formulas on their palms.B.They help each other to cover up their acts.C.They keep changing their ways of cheating.D.They make use of modern technology.49.What does the author think schools should do to tackle cheating?A.Bring policies against cheating up to date.B.Reform their exam methods c onstantly.C.Take advantage of the latest technologies.D.Alert parents to their children’s behavior.50.What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom?A.Prevent students from overusing electronic devices.B.Develop more effective anti-cheating strategiesC.Find more ways to curb students’ unethical acts.D.Guard against students’ misuse of technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Remote work is about more than just working from home—it means working differently. Organizations should reconsider the appropriateness of their performance evaluation procedures in lightof the shift to remote w ork. This requires a fundamental rethinking of what organizations e xpect from employees and what companies would look for in a model employee in a remote work context.It is likely that the “first to arrive and last to leave” mentality is no longer relevant, but should be replaced by a regard for the quality of an employee’s cont ribution to the organization. This means that work should be measured in terms of the quality of the work, not just the quality of the process. As remote work is largely unobservable to supervisors, employers need to think about how they can objectively m easure t he q uality o f w ork i n a w ay t hat i s c onsistent f or e mployees o f s imilar r ank.Focusing o n o utput a lone c an h ave u nintended c onsequences. E mployers s hould t hink i nstead a bout the values and soft skills they want to emphasize in a remote work environment. Qualities like flexibility and the ability to work under minimal supervision might become critical.Much has been written about the importance of timely feedback. In the context of a global pandemic (大流行病), firms may want to provide additional support to employees by providing more frequent communication. This allows managers to both keep an eye on struggling employees and provide ongoing feedback on how employees are adapting to their new work environment.Compensation also needs to be revisited. The purpose of performance evaluation is ultimately to determine how to reward employees for their work. This means that pay structures need to adapt to the reality o f w orking f rom h ome. H owever, o rganizations a lso n eed t o b e h onest w ith e mployees a bout t he financial impact of C OVID-19.For organizations that have struggled to keep the lights on due to the pandemic, this might mean thinking of non-financial ways to reward employees, like unpaid time off or flexible work schedules. Employers can also consider how to bundle different types of compensation to help employees cope with their unique situations.51.What does the author say companies should do in the context of remote work?A.Reform performance evaluation.B.Rethink the organizational fundamentals.C.Reexamine its effects on employees’ behaviors.D.Reflect on its differences from working in the office.52.What should be prioritized in assessing employees’ remote work?A.The quantity of their o utput.B.The length of their work time.C.The quality of their c ontribution.D.The flexibility of their work schedules.53.What quality in the employees would be of great importance in a remote work context?A.The ability to produce quality work.B.The ability to maximize work efficiency.C.The ability to finish tasks in a timely manner.D.The ability to work with the least supervision.54.Why is it important for firms to provide timely feedback during the pandemic?A.To evaluate their employees of similar rank in a consistent way.B.To keep a watchful eye on those employees who perform poorly.C.To help employees in need adapt to the new work environment.D.To maintain connections with their employees away from office.55.What is the author’s suggestion to employers who e x f p i n e a r n i c e i n a l c e i m t p h a e c t of the pandemic?A.Urging their employees to adapt to the new situation.B.Rewarding their employees in unconventional ways.C.Identifying employees who make little contribution.D.Allowing their employees to look for part-time jobs.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet .2戏曲是一种中国传统的艺术形式，可以追溯到唐朝。
GRE-67_真题-无答案
GRE-67(总分56,考试时间90分钟)SECTION 1Select the best answer to the following questions, then fill in the appropriate space on your Answer Sheet.Directions: In each of the following antonym questions, a word printed in capital letters precedes five lettered words or phrases. From these five lettered words or phrases, pick the one most nearly opposite in meaning to the capitalized word.1. RETICENCE:(A) irascibility(B) loquaciousness(C) quiescence(D) patience(E) surrender2. ELATED:(A) crestfallen(B) inebriated(C) punctual(D) insulted(E) lamentedDirections: Each of the following **pletion questions contains one or two blanks. These blanks signify that a word or set of words has been left out. Below each sentence are five words or sets of words. For each blank, pick the word or set of words that best reflects the sentence's over-all meaning.3. You may wonder how the expert on fossil remains is able to trace descent through teeth, which seem ______ pegs upon which to hang whole ancestries.(A) novel(B) reliable(C) specious(D) inadequate(E) academic4. An essential purpose of the criminal justice system is to enable purgation to take place; that is, to provide a ______ by which a community expresses its collective ______ the transgression of the criminal.(A) catharsis...outrage at(B) disclaimer...forgiveness of(C) means...empathy with(D) procedure...distaste for(E) document...disapprobation ofDirections: Each of the following analogy questions presents a related pair of words linked by a colon. Five lettered pairs of words follow the linked pair. Choose the lettered pair of words whose relationship is most like the relationship expressed in the original linked pair.5. RUFFLE : COMPOSURE ::(A) flounce : turmoil(B) flourish : prosperity(C) provoke : discussion(D) adjust : balance(E) upset : equilibrium6. VINDICTIVE : MERCY ::(A) avaricious: greed(B) insightful: hope(C) modest: dignity(D) skeptical : trustfulness(E) pathetic : sympathyDirections: Each of the following **prehension questions is based on the content of the following passage. Read the passage and then determine the best answer choice for each question. Base your choice on what this passage states directly or implies, not on any information you may have gained elsewhere.Given the persistent and intransigent nature ofthe American race system, which proved quiteimpervious to black attacks, Du Bois in hisLine speeches and writings moved from one proposed(5) solution to another, and the salience of variousparts of his philosophy changed as his perceptionsof the needs and strategies of black Americashifted over time. Aloof and autonomous in hispersonality, Du Bois did not hesitate to depart(10) markedly from whatever was the current main-stream of black thinking when he perceived thatthe conventional wisdom being enunciated byblack spokesmen was proving inadequate to thetask of advancing the race. His willingness to(15) seek different solutions often placed him wellin advance of his contemporaries, and this,combined with a strong-willed, even arrogantpersonality made his career as a black leaderessentially a series of stormy conflicts.(20) Thus Du Bois first achieved his role as a majorblack leader in the controversy that arose over theprogram of Booker T. Washington, the mostprominent and influential black leader at theopening of the twentieth century. Amidst the(25) wave of lynchings, disfranchisement, and segre-gation laws, Washington, seeking the good will ofpowerful whites, taught blacks not to protestagainst discrimination, but to elevate themselvesthrough industrial education, hard work, and prop-(30) erty accumulation; then, they would ultimatelyobtain recognition of their citizenship rights. Atfirst Du Bois agreed with this gradualist strategy,but in 1903 with the publication of his most influ-ential book, Souls of Black Folk, he became the(35) chief leader of the onslaught against Washingtonthat polarized the **munity into twowings—the "conservative" supporters ofWashington and his "radical" critics.7. Which of the following statements about W. E. B. Du Bois does the passage best support?(A) He sacrificed the proven strategies of earlier black leaders to his craving for political novelty. (B) Preferring conflict to harmony, he followed a disruptive course that alienated him from the bulk of his followers.(C) He proved unable to change with the times in mounting fresh attacks against white racism.(D) He relied on the fundamental benevolence of the white population for the eventual success of his movement.(E) Once an adherent of Washington's policies, he ultimately lost patience with them for their inefficacy.Sentence Completion8. When facts are ______ and data hard to come by, even scientists occasionally throw aside the professional pretense of ______ and tear into each other with shameless appeals to authority and arguments that are unabashedly ad hominem.A. elusive...objectivityB. established...courtesyC. demonstrable...neutralityD. ineluctable...cooperationE. (E) hypothetical...scholarship9. In the tradition of scholarly ______, the poet and scholar A.E. Housman once assailed a German rival for relying on manuscripts "as a drunkard relies on lampposts, for ______ rather than illumination."A. animosity...currentB. discourse...stabilityC. erudition...shadowD. invective...supportE. (E) competition...assistanceAnalogies10. OFFHAND : PREMEDITA TION ::A. upright : integrityB. aboveboard : guileC. cutthroat : competitionD. backward : directionE. (E) underlying : foundation11. LARV AL : INSECT ::A. serpentine : snakeB. floral : plantC. amphibian : reptileD. embryonic: mammalE. (E) alate: bird12. The author's attitude toward DU Bois' departure from conventional black policies can best be described as(A) skeptical(B) derisive(C) shocked(D) approving(E) resignedAntonyms13. REVILE:A. composeB. awakeC. deadenD. praiseE. (E) secrete14. PROPITIOUS:A. adjacentB. clandestineC. contentiousD. unfavorableE. (E) coy15. It can be inferred that Booker T. Washington in comparison with W. E. B. Du Bois could be described as all of the following EXCEPT(A) submissive to the majority(B) concerned with financial success(C) versatile in adopting strategies(D) traditional in preaching industry(E) respectful of authorityAt night, schools of prey and predators arealmost always spectacularly illuminated by thebioluminescence produced by the microscopicLine and larger plankton. The reason for the ubiquitous(5) production of light by the microorganisms of thesea remains obscure, and suggested explanationsare controversial. It has been suggested that lightis a kind of inadvertent by-product of life in trans-parent organisms. It has also been hypothesized(10) that the emission of light on disturbance is advan-tageous to the plankton in making the predators ofthe plankton conspicuous to their predators!Unquestionably, it does act this way. Indeed,some fisheries base the detection of their prey on(15) the bioluminescence that the fish excite. It isdifficult, however, to defend the thesis that thiseffect was the direct factor in the original devel-opment of bioluminescence, since the effect wasof no advantage to the individual microorganism(20) that first developed it. Perhaps the luminescenceof a microorganism also discourages attack bylight-avoiding predators and is of initial survivalbenefit to the individual. As it then becomesgeneral in the population, the effect of revealing(25) plankton predators to their predators would alsobecome important.16. The primary topic of the passage is which of the following?(A) The origin of bioluminescence in plankton, predators(B) The disadvantages of bioluminescence in microorganisms(C) The varieties of marine bioluminescent life forms(D) Symbiotic relationships between predators and their prey(E) Hypotheses on the causes of bioluminescence in planktonAnalogies17. SEXTANT : NAUTICAL ::A. octet : musicalB. therapy : physicalC. forceps :surgicalD. comet : astronomicalE. (E) blueprint : mechanical18. REFRACTORY : MANAGE ::A. redoubtable : impressB. lethargic : stimulateC. pedantic : convinceD. officious : arrangeE. (E) aggrieved: distress19. AntonymsA. litigateB. precedeC. arbitrateD. accentuateE. (E) delaySentence Completion20. While the disease is in state it is almost impossible to determine its existence byA. a dormant...postulateB. a critical...examinationC. an acute...analysisD. a suspended...estimateE. (E) a latent...observation21. Virginia Woolf conventional notions of truth: in her words, one cannot receive from any lecture "a nugget of pure truth" to wrap up between the pages of one's notebook and keep on the mantelpiece forever.A. anticipatesB. articulatesC. neglectsD. mocksE. (E) rationalizes22. The author mentions the activities of fisheries in order to provide an example of(A) how ubiquitous the phenomenon of bioluminescence is coastally(B) how predators do make use of bioluminescence in locating their prey(C) how human intervention imperils bioluminescent microorganisms(D) how nocturnal fishing expeditions are becoming more and more widespread(E) how limited bioluminescence is as a source of light for human useAntonyms23. INCONGRUOUS:A. geometricB. prudentC. legitimateD. harmoniousE. (E) efficacious24. APOSTATE:A. laggardB. loyalistC. martinetD. predecessorE. (E) skeptic25. The passage provides an answer to which of the following questions?(A) What is the explanation for the phenomenon of bioluminescence in marine life?(B) Does the phenomenon of plankton bioluminescence have any practical applications?(C) Why do only certain specimens of marine life exhibit the phenomenon of bioluminescence?(D) How does underwater bioluminescence differ from atmospheric bioluminescence?(E) What are the steps that take place as an individual microorganism becomes bioluminescent?The curtain rises; the Cardinal and Daniel deBosola enter from the right. In appearance, theCardinal is something between an E1 Greco cardi-Line nal and a Van Dyke noble lord. He has the tall,(5) spare form—the elongated hands and features—of the former; the trim pointed beard, the imperialrepose, **manding authority of the latter.But the E1 Greco features are not really those ofasceticism or inner mystic spirituality. They are(10) the index to a cold, refined but ruthless cruelty ina highly civilized controlled form. Neither is theimperial repose an aloof mood of proud detach-ment. It is a refined expression of satanic pride ofplace and talent.(15) To a degree, the Cardinal's coldness is artifi-cially cultivated. He has defined himself againsthis younger brother Duke Ferdinand and is theopposite to the overwrought emotionality of thelatter. But the Cardinal's aloof mood is not one of(20) bland detachment. It is the deliberate detachmentof a methodical man who collects his thoughtsand emotions into the **pact and formi-dable shape—that when he strikes, he may strikewith the more efficient and devastating force. His(25) easy movements are those of the slowly circlingeagle just before the swift descent with theexposed talons. Above all else, he is a man whonever for a moment doubts his destined authorityas a governor. He derisively and sharply rebukes(30) his brother the Duke as easily and readily as hemocks his mistress Julia. If he has betrayed hishireling Bosola, he uses his brother as the tool towin back his "familiar." His court dress is a longbrilliant scarlet cardinal's gown with white cuffs(35) and a white collar turned back over the red, bothcollar and cuffs being elaborately scalloped andembroidered. He wears a small cape, reachingonly to the elbows. His cassock is buttoned to theground, giving a heightened effect to his already(40) tall presence. Richelieu would have adored hisneatly trimmed beard. A richly jeweled andoranamented cross lies on his breast, suspendedfrom his neck by a gold chain.Antoyms26.27.28. In lines 24-27 the author most **pares the movements of the Cardinal to those of a circling eagle in order to emphasize his(A) flightiness(B) love of freedom(C) eminence(D) sense of spirituality(E) mercilessness29. Which of the following best characterizes the author's attitude toward the Cardinal?(A) He deprecates his inability to sustain warm familial relationships.(B) He esteems him for his spiritual and emotional control.(C) He admires his grace in movement and sure sense of personal authority.(D) He finds him formidable both as an opponent and as a dramatic character.(E) He is perturbed by his inconsistencies in behavior.30. AnalogiesA. controlled : movementB. affluent : wealthC. subservient : demeanorD. inspirational : faithE. (E) pragmatic : speechSECTION 2In this section use scrap paper to solve each problem. Then decide which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval on the Answer Sheet.Directions: In the following type of question, two quantities appear, one in Column A and onein Column B. You **pare them. The correct answer to the question isA if the quantity in Column A is greaterB if the quantity in Column B is greaterC if the two quantities are equalD if it is impossible to determine which quantity is greaterNotes: Sometimes information about one or both of the quantities is centered above the two columns. If the same symbol appears in both columns, it represents the same thing each time. Directions: In the following questions, choose the best answer from the five choices listed.1.2.3.4.Directions: In the following questions, choose the best answer from the five choices listed.5. The Center City Little League is divided into d divisions. Each division has t teams, and each team has p players. How many players are there in the entire league?6. A number x is chosen at random from the set of positive integers less than 10. What is the probability that ?7.8.9.10. In 1980, the cost ofp pounds of potatoes was d dollars. In 1990, the cost of 2p pounds of potatoes was dollars. By what percent did the price of potatoes decrease from 1980 to 1990?(A)25%(B) 50%(C) 75%(D) 100%(E) 400%11.12.13.Average expected family contribution (EFC) for dependent students, by family income: Academic year 1995-9614. A family's unmet need (which must be covered by a financial aid package) is defined to be the total cost of attending an institution of higher education minus the expected family contribution. What is the unmet need of a family whose income is $55,000 and who has a child attending a 4-year public university?A. $700B. $3300C. $6800D. $7500E. (E) $12,50015. If family A has an income of $95,000 per year, and family B has an income of $35,000 per year, and each has a child attending a 4-year public university, to the nearest $1000, how much more would family A be expected to pay than family B?A. $4000B. $7000C. $10,000D. $12,000E. (E) $15,00016.17.18. A bag contains 3 red, 4 white, and 5 blue marbles. Jason begins removing marbles from the bag at random, one at a time. What is the least number of marbles he must remove to be sure that he has at least one of each color?(A) 3(B) 6(C) 8(D) 10(E) 1219. Jordan has taken 5 math tests so far this semester. If he gets a 70 on his next test, it will lower the average (arithmetic mean) of his test scores by 4 points. What is his average now?(A) 74(B) 85(C) 86(D) 90(E) 9420. To the nearest million, how many more students were enrolled in school—both public and private, prek-12—in 1970 than in 1988?A. 3,000,000B. 6,000,000C. 10,000,000D. 44,000,000E. (E) 51,000,00021. In 1988 there were 40,000,000 public school students in the United States, of whom 22% lived in the West. Approximately, how many public school students are projected to be living in theWest in 2008?A. 9,000,000B. 12,000,000C. 15,000,000D. 24,000,000E. (E) 66,000,00022. If a and b are the lengths of the legs of a right tri-angle whose hypotenuse is 10 and whose area is 20, what is the value of (a + b)2?A. 100B. 120C. 140D. 180E. (E) 20023.24.25.26. What is the average (arithmetic mean) of 330, 360, and 390?(A) 360(B) 3177(C) 310 + 320 + 330(D) 327 + 357 + 387(E) 329 + 359 + 38927. The figure at the right consists of four semicircles in a large semicircle. If the small semicircles have radii of 1, 2, 3, and 4, what is the perimeter of the shaded region?(A) 10π(B) 20π(C)40π(D)60π(E) 100π28. If a is increased by 25% and b is decreased by 25%, the resulting numbers will be equal. What is the ratio of a to b?。
江苏省无锡市长安张村小学英语六年级小升初期末复习试题(含答案) (2)
江苏省无锡市长安张村小学英语六年级小升初期末复习试题（含答案）一、单项选择1．My father usually ______ books ______ Sunday morning. ( )A．read; in B．reading; on C．reads; on2．How can you cross the road ______？ ( )A．safety B．safe C．safely3．Which pair has the same sound (相同的发音)? ( )A．bear ear B．How now C．group shout 4．Don’t talk ________. You should be ________ here. ( )A．loudly; loud B．loudly; quietly C．loudly; quiet5．Don't drink ______ cola. It's bad for your health. ( )A．so little B．too many C．too much6．A: Did the two men ________ the lion that day? ( )B: No, they didn't.A．caught B．catch C．catches7．The dinosaur is bigger ______ the elephant. ( )A．to B．than C．of8．—What ______ you ______ last night? ( )—I read a book.A．did; do B．do; do C．are; doing9．The mouse the lion out from the net at last. ( )A．help; got B．help; get C．helped; get 10．That’s the ______ dinosaur in this hall. ( )A．tall B．taller C．tallest11．—______ are your shoes, Micheal? ( )—Size 7.A．What size B．What time C．What color12．My family usually go to the park together _____ Sunday. ( )A．in B．on C．at D．/ 13．—Where are your glasses? ( )—I can’t find them. They ___ here just now.A．are B．was C．were14．Don’t hurt the little animals. They are very . ( )A．strong B．weak C．large15．Ten years ago, I ______ play football. ( )A．am B．couldn’t C．will16．We will meet ______ nine o’clock tomorrow morning. ( )A．in B．on C．at17．His little cat likes fish, so he often goes ______ with his father on weekends. ( ) A．fishing B．boating C．fish18．There were no _______ in her time. ( )A．computers B．computer C．hotel19．We ________ many pictures yesterday. ( )A．learned B．went C．took20．—______ was your weekend? ( )—It was fine.A．What B．How C．Where二、用单词的适当形式填空21．My mother is _________ (learn) Chinese now.22．Did you _________ (read) books yesterday?23．There ______ no gym in my old school. (be)24．Chen Jie is three years ________ (old) than Amy.25．We ________ (have) a swimming lesson tomorrow.26．Let's go ____________ (shop).27．There _____ (be) eight bags of rice in the kitchen this morning.28．—_______ the boys _______ (play) basketball next Saturday? —No, they aren’t.29．I see a few ___________ (tomato) in the basket.30．Pipi wants _______ (be) a doctor. He wants _______ (help) people.三、完成句子31．There w_________ many animals in that race.32．The little girl runs slowly, but the little boy runs f________.33．People mustn’t _______ (浪费) water.34．—What’s the matter with you?—I have a _________ (牙疼).35．When you see foreign friends in our school, you can say to them "W______ to my school". 36．Lingling is now reading books in the school l______.37．Please _________ _________ (小声讲话) in the hospital.38．If you want to buy some food, you can go to the _____. (超市)39．The dinosaur is _____ (更高的) than that one.40．It’s twelve o'clock. Let’s go to the d____ hall to have lunch.四、完形填空41．Mr Wang and Mrs Wang moved to a new house in April. Mrs Wang said, “It’s very hot in summer. What about buying an air- conditioner(空调)?”So they went to a shop and __41___ a nice one. It was 3,999 yuan. They were very happy with it. Mrs Wang wanted to buy it at once.But Mr Wang said. “No, The air-conditioner will be cheaper(更便宜) on May Day, We __42___ buy it on that day.”On May Day. they went to the shop again. The air-conditioner was 3,799 yuan. Mrs Wang was very happy and said, “Yes, You’re __43___. Now we can save(节省) 200yuan. Shall we buy it today?”Mr Wang said, “No. Let’s wait a __44___ again. I’m sure we can save another 200 yuan.”Thirty days went by quickly and soon it was __45___. It became hotter and hotter. They went to the shop the __46___ time. They were very surprised(惊讶的) and disappointed(失望的) this time, because the air-conditioner was 3,999 yuan again. They asked the salesgirl, “__47___ is the air-conditioner more expensive(昂贵的)?”The salesgirl answered, “It’s quite __48___ this year. There are so many people corning for air-conditioners. If you buy it now, you can only use it one month later. Our workers are so __49___ that they don’t have time to fix(安装) it.”__50___ could Mr Wang and his wife spend the summer?41、A．got B．bought C．found42、A．will B．can C．must43、A．right B．careful C．helpful44、A．day B．week C．month45、A．May B．June C．July46、A．second B．third C．fourth47、A．When B．How C．Why48、A．cool B．cold C．hot49、A．busy B．free C．sorry50、A．What B．How C．Why五、阅读判断42．阅读短文，判断下列句子正误To be tall and strongTo be tall and strong is a dream for a lot of teenage(青少年的) boys. It's Mike's dream, too.One day, Mike didn't do well in PE class. He went home unhappily."What's the matter?" Mike's father asked."I want to be taller and stronger. What should I do? Can I take some special(特殊的) medicine?" Mike asked."Being healthy is more important," Mike's father said.Mike's father was right. No special medicine can make you taller and stronger. First, Mike should eat three meals a day. He must eat more fruit and vegetables. Exercise is important, too. Mike should try to exercise every day.51、It is a dream for Mike to be tall and strong. ( )52、Mike didn't do well in maths class one day. ( )53、Mike's father told Mike being healthy was more important. ( )54、Mike should eat three meals a day. ( )55、There is some special medicine can make Mike taller and stronger. ( )六、阅读理解43．阅读Wang Bing下周的业余活动安排表，根据表格选择正确答案。
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Passage 57 Washington’s Address to His Troops
The time is now near at hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freemen of slaves;whether they are to have any property they can call their own;whether their houses and farms are to be pillaged and destroyed,and themselves consigned to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them.The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God,on the courage and conduct of this army.Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of a brave resistance or the most abject submission.We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die.Our own, our country’s honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion;and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being,in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions.The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us,and we shall have their blessings and praises,if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.Let us animate and encourage each other,and show the whole world that a free man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.Liberty, property, life, and honor are all at stake;upon your courage and conduct rest the hopes of our bleeding and insulted country;our wives, children, and parents expect safety from us, only;and they have every reason to believe that Heaven will crown with success so just a cause.The enemy will endeavor to intimidate by show and appearance;but remember, they have been repulsed on various occasions by a few brave Americans.Their cause is bad — their men are conscious of it;and if opposed with firmness and coolness on their first onset,with our advantage of works, and knowledge of the ground,the victory is most assuredly ours.Every good soldier will be silent and attentive—wait for orders,and reserve his fire until he is sure of doing execution.。