【最高考】2019届高考英语语法精讲精练 专题二 代词

专题二代词、数词和介词常考点近几年高考对代词的考查点仍集中在不定代词上，加大了对any，some，all，none，other，another，anything，something，everything等不定代词的考查，同时仍要注意掌握it，that，one以及替代词的用法。

介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其用法多而杂。

要注意识别考纲中规定的介词及相关搭配的基本意义和用法。

代词1anything，something，everythinganything既可用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，意为“什么事情”，也可用于肯定句中，意为“任何事情”；something常用于肯定句中，也可用于疑问句中，表示提出建议、征求意见等；everything意为“一切东西”，用于否定句中，表示部分否定，意为“不是一切……” 。

anything but 决不，一点不nothing but 只有if anything 如果有什么区别的话for nothing 免费；无结果or something 或是什么的something of 有些用anything，something和everything填空：①Is there ________ that belongs to you?②I have ________ important to tell you.③In learning English，grammar is not ________．④The car hit a tree or ________．【答案】①anything②something③everything④something2both，all，either，any，neither，none都任何都不两者both either neither三者或三者以上all any none用any, neither和either填空：①There are many trees on ________ side of the street.②He refused to accept ________ of the three suggestions.③________ of the two cars is mine. Mine is under repair.【答案】①either②any③Neither3none，nothing，nobody /no onenone既可指人，也可指物，表特指概念，相当于“no＋上文的人或物”；nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念；nobody /no one只能指人，且表泛指概念。

用none，nothing和nobody /no one填空：①Grandmother asked for some coffee but there was ________ at home.②________ knows about it.③________ of us knows about it.④After the fire，there was ________ left.【答案】①none②Nobody/No one③None④nothing4one，another，the other，some，others，the others一个/一些另外一个/一些剩余的一个/一些单数one another the other复数some others the others用another和other填空：①He will stay here for ________ three days.＝He will stay here for three ________ days.②He will drop in on us some ________ day.＝He will drop in on us ________ day.【答案】①another；other ②other；another5every，eachevery 限定词三个或三个以上的每一个作定语each 限定词或代词两个或两个以上的每一个作主语、定语、宾语、同位语用every和each填空：①________ of the tickets costs 10 dollars.②Not ________ man is honest.③The Olympics are held ________ four years.④They ________ have a book.【答案】①Each②every③every④each数词1hundred，thousand，million，billion，score，dozen等数词前加具体数词，表达一个确定数字时，无论后面有没有of都不加－s；在hundred，thousand，score，dozen等数词后加－s，表示“数以……计”。

如：three hundred students，three hundred of the students，hundreds of students。

完成下列句子：①It is reported that the floods have left about ________(数以千计的) people homeless.②I want to buy ________(三打) the eggs.【答案】①thousands of②three dozen of2注意下面几组词的用法：①基数词在another后或more的前面。

如：another two books＝two more books；②in the fifties(在五十年代)和in one's fifties(在某人五十几岁的时候)；③a two－week holiday＝a two weeks' holiday(两个星期的假期)。

完成下列句子：①He was already in ________ fifties in ________ fifties.②After a long walk，we had ________(几分钟) rest.【答案】①his；the ②a few minutes'3用序数词和基数词编号用序数词和基数词编号。

如：the Fourth Act＝Act Four(第四幕)；the Second World War＝World War Ⅱ(第二次世界大战)。

完成下列句子：①We will have a meeting in ________(209房间)．②He was killed in ________(第一次世界大战)．【答案】①Room 209②World War I/the First World War4分数表达法当基数词(表示分子)大于1(one)时，序数词(表示分母)要用复数。

如：1/3 one/a third, 2/5 two fifths。

另外还有下列构成法：1/2 a/one half，1/4 a quarter，3/4 three quarters完成下列句子：①From then on he toured________(四分之三的)Beijing.②____________(三分之二的) the teachers in our school are women.【答案】①three quarters of/three fourths of②Two thirds of介词1against 的多种含义against(表反对，敌对)意为“与……相反，与……对抗”；(表反方向)意为“与……逆向”；(表接触)意为“与……冲突；倚靠；碰；撞”；(表对照)意为“以……为背景”；(表防护)意为“为防备”；(表预备)意为“防备……”。

判断下列句子中against的含义：( )①No one is against this plan.( )②The teacher's desk is against the wall.( )③His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.( )④The evidence is against him.( )⑤They took measures against fire.( )⑥She fell down and hit her head against the ground.( )⑦She swam against the tide.【答案】①反对②靠着③衬托④对……不利⑤预防⑥碰，撞⑦与……逆向2across，through，throughoutacross意为“横过，穿过”，着重指从一条线或一物体表面的一边到另一边；含义与on有关；through意为“穿过；从……中通过”，着重指从空间的一头纵向穿到另一头；含义与in有关；throughout和through表示时间、空间上的贯穿时两者用法相同，但throughout比through更具强调性。

另外，through可意为“原因；手段”，through还可作副词，意为“彻头彻尾，自始至终”。

用across，through和throughout填空：①They built a bridge ________ the river.②Walk ________the park and the hotel is ________ the street.③The disease spread ________ the country.【答案】①across②through；across ③throughout/across3between，amongbetween用于两者之间，用于三个或三个以上的宾语时所强调的仍是其中每两者之间的相互关系；among用于三者或三者以上。

用between和among填空：①This secret is only ________ you and me.②We will visit the town ________ the mountains.③If you want to lose weight，you'd better not eat anything ________ meals.【答案】①between②among③between4besides，except，except for，except that /when /where从句besides意为“除了……之外还有……”，句中常有other，another，else，more，also等词；此外，besides 可用作副词；except意为“除了……之外不再有……”，句中常有all，any，every，no等词；except for意为“除了(因为)……”，表示除去整体中的一部分，范畴不一致。