翻译增词法

exercise
Thus
he grew in body and soul. They talked about inflation, unemployment and environment pollution. How these two things—energy and matter—behave, how they interact one with the other, and how people control them to serve themselves make up the substance of two basic physical sciences, physics and chemistry.

增加概括词
You
and I 你我二人 The thesis summed up the new achievement made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets. 该论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星 和火箭三方面的新成就。

Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。 We don’t retreat, we never have and never will.


N.+N.在抽象名词后增加名词，使
表达符合汉语规范。
persuasion 说服工作 Madness 疯狂行为 Arrogance 自满情绪 Tension 紧张局势
Preparation
准备工作
Backwardness
落后状态
From
the evaporation of water, people know that liquids can turns into gasses under certain conditions. 一定条件下转变为气体。
Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. He stepped to the platform and paused: a little dingy station, a small crowd of travelers. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取 教训更好。 他跨上月台，停了停，只看见：一个阴沉沉的小 站和一小群旅客。
他身心两方面都得到了成长。 他们谈论了通货膨胀、失业和环境污染等 问题。 能量和物质这两样东西具有什么性质，如 何相互起作用，如何控制它们为人类服务， 这些问题构成了物理和化学这两门基础自 然科学的主要内容。

Rhetorical addition

He talked on, I scribbled away. 他侃侃而谈，我匆匆地记录。 The host carved, poured, served , cut bread, talked and laughed. 主人割肉呀，斟酒呀，端菜呀，切面包呀，有说有笑，忙 个不停。 The sky is clear blue now, and the sun has flung diamonds down on meadows and banks and woods. 此时已是万里蓝天，太阳把颗颗光彩夺目的钻石洒向草原， 洒向河岸，洒向树林。
“Nobody
can count on his restraint or rationality.” he said. 他说：“谁也别指望他会采取克制或 讲道理的态度。” My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. 我干工作，做家务，交往朋友，这些 占用了我全部的时间。

增加语气词
As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning. 我呢，从一开始就不赞成。 The eyes were the same color as the sea, cheerful and undefeated. 那双眼啊，象海水一样的颜色，愉快而毫 不沮丧。 Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you. 不要认真嘛，我不过开开玩笑罢了。


exercise
They
lingered long over his words. A seagull saw the light from the window and darted up to it. 他们反复地玩味他的话。 一只海鸥看见窗户透出的光，就一下 子朝它扑去。
Structural addition(增加原文的省略 部分)

增加动词（英语有时用名词表达动作，
而汉语习惯用动宾结构） In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the document. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看 乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草文件。

Exercise
He
ate and drank, for he was exhausted. He began to see things and to understand.
他吃了点东西，喝了点酒，因为他
疲劳不堪了。 他开了眼界，并懂得了一些道理。
N.+ adj.
在形容词前增加名词
我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后 退。 Everything was on a larger scale for him, the highs were higher, the lows lower.
他总是喜欢夸大事实，高的说得更高，低的说得 更低。
Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is high than when it is low. 温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得 慢。 You cannot build a ship, a house, or a machine toll if you do not know how to make or read a design. 如果不懂得制图或看不懂图纸，就不能造 船、盖房子或制造机床。
增词法
Addition
The purpose of addition
grammatically correct semantically clear Rhetorically sound Logically acceptable Culturally appropriate

Semantic addition (supplying n. v. adj. adv. to make the meaning clear.) Structural addition (mainly due to the structural or grammatical difference between English and Chinese) Rhetorical addition (parallel structure or repetition)

By birth he was an Englishman; by profession, a sailor; by instinct and training, a rebel. 就出生来说，他是英国人；就职业来说， 他是海员；就本性和所受的教育来说，他 则是叛逆者。exercise
人们从水的蒸发现象得知，液体在
Adv.+v.
在动词前增加副词，表达原语的确切含义 The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐散开了。 As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没 完。 He sank down with his face in his hands. 他两手捂着脸，一屁股坐下来。
v.+n, n.+adj., n.+n.
V.+n 在动词后面增加名词做宾语，形成动 宾结构 Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer. 玛丽在丈夫患癌症去世之后，就靠洗衣服 维持生活。 Day after day, the old woman came to work—sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning 那位老妇人每天来工作—扫地、擦地板、 收拾房间。
new kind of computer— small and cheap—is attracting increasing attention. 这种新型的计算机正越来越引起人 们的关注，它体积小，价格便宜。
This
exercise
He
was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. They , weary but game, decided to take a break. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发稀疏灰 白。 他们人已疲惫不堪，可兴致很高，决 定先休息一下。
At the fair there is a great quantity of eating and drinking, laughing and the contrary, smoking, cheating, fighting, dancing and fiddling. 市场上热闹非凡，有的在大吃大喝，有的 在笑，也有的在哭，到处是抽烟的、骗人 的、斗殴的，还有跳舞的和拉手提琴的。