汉译英增词和减词

增补冠词 汉语里无冠词。有冠词是英语的特点之一， 名词前一般都有冠词，汉译英时要增补冠 词。
她不把他当阿公，而当作亲爹。 She considered him not a father-in-law but a father. 我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能 解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be properly solved.
5 The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others. 6.It isn’t rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back – well, perhaps it is funny, rather!（Jude the Obscure）
3．村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买 东西。 Men and women, old and young in the village, all liked shopping in that small supermarket. 4． 我妈妈来了，我得回去了。 My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now. 5．送君千里，终有一别。 Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.
增译法和减译法
Amplification and Omission
教学目的要求： 教学目的要求 ： 在汉译英中能熟 练使用增词法和减词法的翻译技巧。 教学重点： 增词法和减词法（代 教学重点 ： 词和连词） 教学难点： 教学难点 ： 汉语排比句的翻译， 使用减词法。
一、为了保证语法结构的完整： 代词： 代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语 则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都 没有代词，需要增补。 1．大作收到，十分高兴。 I am very glad to have received your writing. 2．没有调查就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲 一遍。 After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.
二、原文中表示范畴的词：
1. 基于伊拉克目前社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面， 中国驻伊拉克大使馆已经向德国订购了两辆防 弹轿车。 The Chinese embassy in Iraq has ordered two bulletproof cars from Germany due to the social unrest and upheaval in Iraq at present. 2. 在党的领导下，中国人民已经完成了解放事 业。 Under the leadership of the Party, the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation.
7． 我们的心永远向着祖国。 Our hearts are always motherland. towards our
连词： 连词 ： 汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译 成英语时，要适当增加连词。
1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty Байду номын сангаасelps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2． 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
3. 我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将 来也决不会后退。 We won’t retreat, we never have and never will. 4 There was no snow, but the leaves were gone from the trees and the grass was dead. 译文1：天还未还没有雪，但是叶子已经从树上 落下，草也枯死了。 译文2：雪还没下，但已叶落草枯。
花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不完的 大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的 金银财宝。（周而复《上海的早晨》） The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.
介词：英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。
1．我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。 We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country. 2． 你白天还是晚上飞广州？ Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night? 3． 那我们山脚见吧。 Let’s meet at the foot of the hill.
三省略可能影响译文修辞效果的词语
汉语中，有时为了语言生动，常用具体形象词语 或成语比喻；有时为了加强语气，可连续使用好 几个短语，在翻译这类句子时，某些词语往往省 译，译出主要的和不可缺少的词语就可以了。 例：匪军所到，杀戮人民，奸淫妇女，焚毁村庄， 掠夺财物，无所不用其极。 Wherever the bandit troops went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at nothing.
1. 多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。
For many years, there has been serious unemployment in that country. 2. 这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。 The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.
4.郭末若同志曾说：“中国人民历来是 勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。” Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.” Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.”
一个）女人为了体面（的关系）而要（她的 从）前（的那个丈）夫回来，这并不（是） 奇怪（的事），虽然（一个）男人要（他 从）前（的那个）妻（子）回来，也许是 很有趣的事。
Omission
一、省译汉语中重复出现的词语 1我们要忠于党、忠于人民、忠于祖国。 We should be loyal to our party, to our people and to our motherland.
2．我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民 民主专政，坚持共产党的领导，坚持马列 主义和毛泽东思想。 We must adhere to the socialist road, the people’s democratic dictatorship, the Communist Party’s leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. 3. 质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不 带正电，也不带负电。 A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither.
二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。
文中暗含的意思： 文中暗含的意思：
1．大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。 Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard. 2．要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.
3. 这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施， 一个是张飞。 This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhangfei—a well-known illtempered brute. 4. 滥竽充数： pretend to play the yu(an ancient musical instrument) and retain one’s position in the orchestra; (of incompetent people or inferior goods) be there just to make up the number
增加概括性的词语
1. 结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。 The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with. 2.也许您忘记了７月份的购货帐还没有 结算。 Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet been settled.