增词和减词

第2章增词和减词

增词

1,根据句法结构增词

(1)增补主语

不加持就会失败

One will fail unless one preserves.

(2)增补非人称的或强势中的it

一天天冷起来了。

It is getting colder day by day.

我们费了很大力气才解决了那些问题。

It was with great effort that we solved those problem.

(3)增补作宾语的代词或先行宾语it

他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤，就越会暴露。

The more he tried to hide his warts, the more he revealed them.

我们认为理论与实践相结合是十分重要的。

We think it most important that theory should be combined with practice.

(4)增补物主代词

别把手搁在口袋里。

Don’t put your hands in your pockets.

(5)增补并列连词

男女老少都参加了战斗。

Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.

(6)增补丛属连词或关系代词

不努力，不会成功

One will not succeed unless one works hard.

凡是在科学技术上有建树者，都是工作最勤奋，并且勇于创新的人。

Those who made original contributions to science and technology are the ones who have worked the hardest and have not been afraid to break new ground.

(7)增补连系动词

我们应当虚心

One should always be modest.

(8)增补介词

公共场所不准吸烟。

Smoking is prohibited in public places.

(9)增补冠词

月亮慢慢从海上升起。

The moon was slowly rising above the sea.

2. 为了明确表达原文的含义而增词

(1) 增补在汉语中不言而喻的词语

A班学习成绩很好

The students in Class A have won a brilliant academic record. (2) 为了使上下文衔接，增补连接词语

李先生病了，我们的找个人代替他。

Mr. Li fell ill, thus making it necessary for us to find a substitute for him.

3 为了适应句子的逻辑要求而增词

其实地上本没有路，走的人多了，也便成了路。

For actually the earth had no roads to begin with, but when many men pass one way, a road is made.

减词

英译时汉语里重复的词语，一般只需译一个。

青年人的觉醒程度如何，道德品质如何，知识水平如何，直接关系者社会主义建设的速度，关系着国家的未来。

How the youth come up in political consciousness, in moral qualities and in intellectual attainments has a direct bearing on the speed of socialist construction and the future of our motherland.

译不来的句子:

1.重点是普及义务教育，积极发展职业教育和成人教育，适度发展高等教育，优化教育结构。

We must lay emphasis on making compulsory education universal, vigorously developing vocational education and adult education, moderately developing higher education and optimizing educational structure.

2.把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。

It is easier to take a clock apart than to put it together again.

3..我们这样做都是为了你好。

It was for your benefit that we did it all.

4.他走进屋来，大衣上尽是雪，鼻子冻得通红。

He entered the room, his coat covered with snow and his nose red with cold.

5一年之计，莫若树谷；十年之计，莫若树木；百年之计，莫若树人。（《管子·权修篇》）

佳译：If you plant for one year, plant a seed. If for ten years, plant a tree. If for a hundred years, teach the people.

6.时光流逝太快，还没有很好地一览风光，怎么就入了秋境了呢？便觉得有三分惆怅，三分无奈。

参考译文：A touch of downcastness and helplessness came over me as I realized how time had flown. Before I could sufficiently admire the scenery and enjoy the beauty of life, it was already autumn.(惆怅和无奈不会翻译，还有一览风光)

7.青年人的觉悟程度如何，道德品质如何，知识水平如何，直接关系着社会主义建设的速度，关系着祖国的未来。

参考译文：How the youth comes up in political consciousness, in moral qualities and in intellectual attainments has a direct bearing on the speed of socialist construction and the future of our motherland.（不知道这里的如何怎么翻译）

8.必须认识到，如果只讲物质利益，只讲金钱，不讲理想，不讲道德，人们就会失去共同的奋斗目标，失去行为的正确规范。

参考译文：We must realize that we would lose the common objective of struggle and the accepted code of conduct if we only value material gains and money without thinking of ideals and moral standards.(这里的“讲”是“追求，重视”的意思) 译不好的句子：

1..不坚持就会失败

自己译文：One will fail without perseveres.

课本译文：One will fail unless one perseveres.

2.尝试而失败还是比不尝试好。

自己译文：It is better to try and fail than never try.

课本译文：It is better to try and fail than never try at all.