英语国家概况简答题.doc
英语国家概况简答题
英语国家概况简答题简答题1.What were the names of the two great walls built by the Romans?They were the Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall.2.Who were the Lollards?They were poor priests and interant preachers who were John Wyclif’s a followers in the 14th century.3.Why was King George Ⅲnicknamed “Farmer George”?George Ⅲwas so enthusiastic about farming changes at Windsor tha he got the nickname “Famer George”4.What does the term “parliament”originally mean?It originally meat a meeting for parley or discussion.5.Which sport is the most tyically English?Cricket is the most rypical English sport.6.Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland?Because it provides electricity for much of the Republic.7.Which are the five biggest cities in the U.S. in terms of population?They are New York,Los Angeles,Chicago,San Franciso and Philadelphia.8.What are the two special powers of the Senate?The senate also has certain powers especially kept to tha body,including the authority to confirm presidential appointments of high officials of the federal government as well as ratify all treaties by a two-thirds vote .In the case of accusation of federal officials of wrongdoings the House has the sole right to bring charges of improper behaviour which can lead to a trial.The senate has the sole power to try such cases,and to find officials guilty or not guilty. 9.Why has Austrialia always been a continent with few people?Because most of the continent is hot an dry.10.What do you think is the most noticeable feature of Nesw Zealand geography?It is its moutains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.11.In what respects,the two world wars greatly weakened Britain?The British colonies became independent one after another.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British commonwealth or the commmonwealth of Nations in 1931.12.What’s ElizabethⅠ’s religious reform?ElizabethⅠ’s religious reform was a compromise of views.13.What were the two events that most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closingdecades of the 18th century?They were the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.14.How many provinces does the Church of England have?The Church of England has two provinces:Cantebury and York.15.What were the two guiding principles of the Amercian diplomacy during the SecondWorld War？There were two guiding principles behind all America’s diplomatic activities:the first was to win the war;the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with Amercian interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from overexpansion.16.What is the general view of education in Amercia?The general view of education in Amercia is that every Amercian has the right and obligation to become educated./doc/b4f70327bcd126fff7050b78.html two of Theodore Dreiser’s novels.Sister Carrie,Trilogy of Desire and American Tragedy.18.What kind of history do people often say that the history of Canada?People often say that the history of Canada is a hostory of immigration.19.Why is the southern area of the Northern Territory called the Red Center ofAustralia?Because it consists of miles and miles of red-sand and desert and moutain ranges.20.What is the Renaissance?Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history.21.When did the Queen Voctoria become Empress of India?In 1877 Queen Victoria became Empress of India.22.When is the Sovereign’s birthday officially celebrated?It is officially celebrated in June every year.23.Why is the Open Uinversity so named?It is so named because it is “open”to all to become students.24.Explain why Ireland has been geographically compared to a basin?In Ireland,a limestone plateau is rimmed by coastal highlands.25.When did the “Baby Boom”occur?It occurred between 1946 and 1961.26.What is meant by “Vietnamization”of the war?It meant tha South Vietnamese troops would be war built up to replace American fighting force.27.What were the two serious weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?①There was no national executive or law-enforcing branch②Neither was there a national court System.28.What is “urban sprawl”?It refers to a city that has grown over large area of land.29.What caused the land disputes between the Maories and the settlers in New Zealand? The land disputes were mainly caused by the repid acquisition of Mari land by the government and pressure by settlers fof direct purchase.30.Why did WilliamⅠgive his barons large estates in England?WilliamⅠgave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the land’s produce.31.What was the Queen Mary known as?She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and aslo remembered as the monarch who lost the last British possesion on the lontinent,that the French port of Cala’s during a renewed war with France.32.Which war was relatively smooth,with no bloodshed ,nor any execution of the king inBritain?It is the Glorious Revolution.33.What is American labour force like ?The American labour force in not only hard working ,but also willing to experiment,to change and to learn new technologies.34.What is the hihgest duty of the President in the United States?The highest duty of the President is the execution or carrying out of the law.35.Who was the first to explore fully the possibilities of free verse?Walt Whitman was the first to exploer fully the possibilities of free verse.36.When is “Trick or treat”played and what does it mean?It is in Halloween.It means”give something nice ,or I will play a trick on you.”37.How do children in remote areas of Austrilia receive their education?The receive their education at home through a radio educational system called School of the Air.38.Why is Austrilia’s New South Wales called the premier state?It is because it was the first colony established by Britain in 1788.39.What is the most potential serious natural disaster in New Zealand?In New Zealand,earthquakes and volcanoes are the most serious potential natural disasters. 40.Who began to invade England from the end of the 8th century.From the end of the 8th century,the Norwegian Vikings and the Danes from Denmark began to invade England.41.What ws Domesday Book?The book was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085,and stated the extent,values,the population,state of cultivation and ownership of the land.42.In Britain, what does BBC stand for?British Broadcasting Corporation.43.What is largely responsible for the lack of extreme summer heat and winte cold inIreland?The North Atlantic Current is responsiblef for the lack of extreme summer heat and winte cold in Ireland.44.Which state is the largest in the Uinted States?Alaska is the largest one.45.Who drafted “The Declaration of Independence”in the U.S.?He was Thomas Jefferson.46.What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide safeguardsof the new government misusing its power?They introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances.47.What was the consequence of the Seven Years’War between the British and theFrench?After the Seven Years’ War from 1756-1763,the Frence were forced to give up every inch of land in North America and the whole of Canada came under the British rules.48.What does the outback refer to in Australia?The outback usually refers to the interior and the centre of the Western Plateau and its northern plains.49.What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New Zealand?The kiwi.50.What the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?All landowners,big and small, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held,not only to their immediate lord,but also to the king.51.What is the main function of the House of Lords in Britain?The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of lawmaking.52.What is a “copyright”library in Britain?It is a library which is entitled to receive a free copy of erery book published in the United Kingdom;libraries of other universities and learned institutions;and the Public libraries.53.Who was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control?HenryⅧwas the first king to bring all Ireland under English control54.What is tariff protection?Tariff Protection means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.55.What role has the Constitution played?The Constitution has been the basis for the evolution of governmental institutions and has provided the basis for political stability,economic growth and social progress in the United States.56.What is the guiding principle of community college?The principle is higher education for ereryone and the philosophy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual differerces.57.What is considered to be the first real American writing?Franklin’s uncompleted Autobiography is the first real American writing.58.What is the built environment?The built environment refers to those parts of the environment built by people or changed by people.59.Where is the highest peak in New Zealand?The highest peak,Mt Cook,is in the center of the moutain range,which is called the Southern Alps.60.How did the Celts invade Britain?The Celts invaded Britain in three waves;the Gaels,the Brythons and the Belgae.61.Why do we call the English Civil War the Puritan War?It is because the supporters of Parliament were mainly Puritans.62.Who were the forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain?The forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain were Whigs.63.What field did the Industrial Revolution firstly occur in?The Industrial Revolution firstly occur in the field of textile.64.What is “a nation on wheels”?A nation on wheels refers to the Untited States because many Americans have their cars.65.What kind of economic system does the United States have?The U.S. has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.66.What are the three principal funtions of the higher education in the United States? The three principal functions are teaching,research ,and public service.67.What do people usually do on Valentines Day in America?It is popular to send cards decorated with hearts and flowers to express love.68.What is the chief language of instruction in Ireland?It is English.69.What is another name of New Zealand National Day?It is Waitangi Day.。
英语国家概况(修订版谢福之)美国部分.doc
对错题Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territor y.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropica l zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rain fall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boro ughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyla nd are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of l iving.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were f ounded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible na tion.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in orde r to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible fo r the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of po wers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the co urts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.( T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America. (T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, locati on and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 81.central, east, west2.483.Alaska4.the Mississippi River5.in New England6.California7.Europe8.western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 91.Jamestown, Virginia2. French and British3.the people of the 13 colonies4. the Second Continental Congress5. Emancipation Proclamation6.Neutrality7. Roosevelt8. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.17892. tries to give3. guarantees citizens of4. six, two5.the Secretary of State6.making laws8.electors elected by the votersChapter 111.ore2. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economy3. diplomatic authority4.Alexander Hamilton5.Refrigerator6.Unemployment Pension7.Agribusinesses maintain a8.ServicesChapter 121.elementary2.politics and business education3.Harvard University4.research institutions5. working for communities6. The New York Times7.(PBS)8.July 4thChapter 8 geography and people1. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolita n centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2．Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants wouldls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 9 history1. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wini ng the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a)brought the Vietnam war to a close ;b)reestablishing U.S. relations with china ;c) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to enco urage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to redu ce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 10 government1. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state w hich they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than s even years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret laws b)to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear appeals from state court cas es that involve the constitution or national laws ; d)may declare a law unconstitutional e) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions ?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full empl oyment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system whi ch gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress t he need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of aborti on they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 11 economy1. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specia lized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in Am erica had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industr ies , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its ow n economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nation s.Chapter 12 education , media and holidays1. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public se rvice , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have ma de extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayf lower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not en ough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and t hen they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.简答题（2）Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in waves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Recently,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward di fferent cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.Society s hould create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At the same time the immigrants sh ould keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural societ y.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their planta tions and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.W hat’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were again st it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,bu t also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.Bysharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a pow erful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American electio n?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.T o win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make spe eches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage is only a kind of formality,everyone knows who will b e the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solv e the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they b ecome President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,Eisenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20th century.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic developm ent.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development.I n the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history.Presiden t Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Besides,he set up the New York State E mergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession.The Reagan admini stration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interes t rates.Both policies mentioned above helped to set the count ry’s economic development on its right course,In all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and a ccessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The sec ond ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand wh at is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle for equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
英语国家概况试题及答案
英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语作为官方语言的国家不包括以下哪个国家？A. 美国B. 澳大利亚C. 法国D. 英国答案：C2. 英语国家中，哪个国家的首都是渥太华？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B3. 英语国家中，哪个国家的国旗是米字旗？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C4. 英语国家中，哪个国家被称为“枫叶之国”？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚5. 英语国家中，哪个国家的人口数量最多？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：A6. 英语国家中，哪个国家是英联邦成员国？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B7. 英语国家中，哪个国家是联合国安全理事会常任理事国之一？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C8. 英语国家中，哪个国家的货币单位是美元？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：A9. 英语国家中，哪个国家的国歌是《天佑女王》？B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C10. 英语国家中，哪个国家是世界面积第二大的国家？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。
答案：英国2. 英语国家中，______的国鸟是鸸鹋。
答案：澳大利亚3. 英语国家中，______的国石是钻石。
答案：加拿大4. 英语国家中，______的国树是橡树。
答案：美国5. 英语国家中，______的国花是枫叶。
答案：加拿大6. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。
答案：英国7. 英语国家中，______的国鸟是鹰。
答案：美国8. 英语国家中，______的国石是蓝宝石。
答案：英国9. 英语国家中，______的国树是雪松。
答案：澳大利亚10. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。
答案：英国三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述英语国家中，美国的文化特点。
英语国家概况完整篇简答题的整合
英语国家概况完整篇简答题的整合美国1.Which state is separated by Canada form the main land?Alaska is separated from the main land by Canada.哪个州与加拿大大陆分离?阿拉斯加与加拿大的大陆分离。
2.What is the other name of Eskimos?Eskimos are also called Inuit.什么是爱斯基摩人的其他的名字?爱斯基摩人也称为因纽特人。
3. What is the largest active volcano in the world?Mauna Loa is the world’s largest active volcano, which is located on Hawaii.什么是世界上最大的活跃的火山?莫纳罗亚山是世界上最大的活跃的火山,它位于夏威夷。
4.How is the West divided?The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and the Intermountain Basin and Plateau.西部是如何划分的?西部可以划分为三个部分:大平原,落基山脉和山间沉积盆地和高原。
5. Where is the birthplace of America?New England is sometimes called the birthplace of America.美国诞生地在哪里?新英格兰有时被称为美国诞生地。
6. What states are in New England?New England is made up of six states of the Northeast, including Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut .哪一个州是新英格兰?新英格兰由美国东北部六个州组成,包括缅因州、马萨诸塞州、佛蒙特、罗德岛州、新罕布什尔州、康涅狄格。
英语国家概况复习题答案
英语国家概况复习题答案
1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
3. 加拿大的首都是哪里？
答案：渥太华。
4. 澳大利亚的货币单位是什么？
答案：澳元。
5. 新西兰的国旗上有哪些颜色？
答案：蓝色、红色和白色。
6. 英国的全称是什么？
答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
7. 美国的独立日是哪一天？
答案：7月4日。
8. 加拿大的官方语言有哪些？
答案：英语和法语。
9. 澳大利亚最大的城市是哪个？
答案：悉尼。
10. 新西兰的首都是哪里？
答案：惠灵顿。
11. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
12. 美国的总统任期是多久？
答案：四年。
13. 加拿大的国土面积是多少？
答案：约998万平方公里。
14. 澳大利亚的国宝动物是什么？答案：袋鼠。
15. 新西兰的国花是什么？
答案：银蕨。
16. 英国的国歌是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。
17. 美国的人口数量大约是多少？答案：约3.3亿。
18. 加拿大的国花是什么？
答案：枫叶。
19. 澳大利亚的国歌是什么？
答案：《前进，美丽的澳大利亚》。
20. 新西兰的官方语言有哪些？答案：英语和毛利语。
英语国家概况简答(必考)
<1>英国气候3特点：1.foggy 2.rainy 3.changeability<2>西敏寺ancient church kings queens crowned and buried，in poet’s corner many famous man woman are buried<3>四大喜剧《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of venice《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night's Dream 《皆大欢喜》As You Like It 《第十二夜》The Twelfth night四大悲剧Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth<4>.枢密院the privy council wasformerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the king. So it was also called the king’s council in history.but now it’s largely formed,adversing the king to approve certain government degrees.<5>文官制Implementation of the Minister’s decision is carried out by a political neutral organization which is called the civil service. Changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff.<6>.诺曼征服1.in 1066 Edward died childless ,Harold Edward’s brother in law and William Edward’Norman cousin both claimed the throne 2.William crossed the channel killed Harold and defeated the English army 3.after norman conquest feudalism was established inengland<7>大宪章great charter 1.the king john succeeded the crown and he demanded more feudal taxes and army service.the lords became angry and marched to London to force him to sign a long document in 1215 which is known as<> 2.<>was made in the feudal lords<8>玫瑰战争1.it was a war which is fought between the lancastrians who wore a red rose and the yorkists who wore a white rose. It was a war between the commercial-minded gentry and the backward feudal landowners 2.in 1485 henry tudor killed Richard III and put an end to the war and became the founder of the House of tudor<9>资产阶级革命Charles时不时与parliament有矛盾,at the beginning of the war, the king’s man were called cavalier and the supporters of the parliament were called roundheads. After the war England called itself Commonwealth.<10>复辟the bourgeoisie compromised with the rightists invited Charles II to come back from Holland to the throne. In 1688 the bourgeoisie staged a bloodless coupdetat and put William of Orange on the throne<11>英国工业革命结果 1.工业资产阶级活的霸主地位the industrial bourgeoisie gained supremacy 2.productivity was greatly increased. 3.population was more and more concentrated in towns and cities. 4.the rapid growth of capitalism caused great miseries and disasters among the working people.<12>为什么美国大熔炉 1.because it is a country of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, therefore many different americansdissipating their different ethnic culture toward a standard culture. SO….<13>宪法遵循两项原则the federal system and the separation of powers. the federal system means that the states have the right to self-government.And the separation of powers means that the legislative branch the executive branch and the judicial branch are supposed to be independent of each other but each checks the other two which is called “checks and balances”<14>立法流程国会和总统After bouth houses have passed the bill, it is sent to P,who should sign it or veto it within 10 days. If he vetoes the bill, it goes back to Congress;and his veto may be overruled by a twothirdsvote of both houses of Congress and the bill then becomes a law.<15>弹劾is proposed by the house of representatives upon sufficient evidence,it must approved by two-thirds of its membership. Next there comes a trial in the senate with the chief justice as the judge and the senators as the jury.<16>13块殖民地was divided by geographical, economic and social factors.New England became a center for lumbering, shipping and fishing. Central became a region of small farms. Southern developed a plantation system with the exploitation of slave labor.<17>印花法案required that a stamp, purchased from the british government, must be placed on all legal documents, newspapers and other printed materials.<18>倾茶in 1770,violence broke out in Boston. Fifty citizens threw snowballs with stones inside at the britishsoldiers , the soldiers fired at the crowd and killed 5 men.thebritish government passed<>, which permitted the British east india company to sell tea directly to its agents in the colonies. A group of boston citizens disguised themselves as Indians boarded threebritish ships in the harbor and tossed a cargo of tea.<19>第二次大陆会议in 1775 representatives from all the thirteen colonies met in Philadelphia to discuss the situation and the first decision it made was to establish a regular army with GeorgeWashington as commander in chief.<20>古巴导弹危机in 1926 after the discovery of soviet nuclear missile bases in cuba, the US imposed naval as well as air blockade on cuba.Kennedy demanded that the soviet union dismantle the missiles. The world stood on the brink of the nuclear war.。
英语国家概况试题及答案
英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语作为官方语言的国家不包括以下哪一个？A. 美国B. 英国C. 澳大利亚D. 法国答案：D2. 英语起源于哪个国家？A. 法国B. 德国C. 丹麦D. 英格兰答案：D3. 以下哪个国家不是英语国家？A. 加拿大B. 新西兰C. 爱尔兰D. 巴西答案：D4. 英语国家的人口总数大约是多少？A. 1亿B. 3亿C. 5亿D. 10亿答案：C5. 英语国家中，哪个国家的官方语言除了英语还有法语？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案：B6. 英语国家中，哪个国家是君主立宪制？A. 美国B. 英国C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案：B7. 英语国家中，哪个国家是联邦制？A. 英国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案：B8. 英语国家中，哪个国家有“长白云之乡”的美誉？A. 美国B. 英国C. 新西兰D. 澳大利亚答案：C9. 英语国家中，哪个国家的首都不是以英语命名的？A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚答案：A10. 英语国家中，哪个国家是世界最大的钻石生产国？A. 英国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 博茨瓦纳答案：D（虽然博茨瓦纳不是英语国家，但此题考察的是钻石生产国）二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语国家中，______（加拿大）的官方语言除了英语还有法语。
2. 英语起源于______（英格兰）。
3. 英语国家中，______（澳大利亚）被称为“骑在羊背上的国家”。
4. 英语国家中，______（新西兰）被称为“长白云之乡”。
5. 英语国家中，______（美国）是世界最大的经济体。
6. 英语国家中，______（英国）拥有世界上最古老的君主制。
7. 英语国家中，______（加拿大）是世界上面积第二大的国家。
8. 英语国家中，______（澳大利亚）是世界上唯一一个占据整个大陆的国家。
9. 英语国家中，______（美国）的首都华盛顿特区是以美国第一任总统的名字命名的。
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)
第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
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简答题1.What were the names of the two great walls built by the RomansThey were the Hadrian’sWall and the Antonine Wall.2.Who were the LollardsThey were poor priests and interant preachers who were John Wyclif ’sa followers in the 14 th century.3.Why was King George Ⅲ nicknamed “Farmer George”George Ⅲ was so enthusiastic about farming changes at Windsor tha he got the nickname “Famer George”4.What does the term “parliament ”originally meanIt originally meat a meeting for parley or discussion.5.Which sport is the most tyically English6.Why is the Shannon River important to IrelandBecause it provides electricity for much of the Republic.7.Which are the five biggest cities in the . in terms of populationThey are New York,Los Angeles,Chicago,San Franciso and Philadelphia.8.What are the two special powers of the SenateThe senate also has certain powers especially kept to tha body,including the authority to confirm presidential appointments of high officials of the federal government as well as ratify all treaties by a two-thirds vote .In the case of accusation of federal officials of wrongdoings the House has the sole right to bring charges of improper behaviour which can lead to a senate has the sole power to try such cases,and to find officials guilty or not guilty.9.Why has Austrialia always been a continent with few peopleBecause most of the continent is hot an dry.10.What do you think is the most noticeable feature of Nesw Zealand geographyIt is its moutains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.11.In what respects,the two world wars greatly weakened BritainThe British colonies became independent one after British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British commonwealth or the commmonwealth of Nations in 1931.12. What ’s ElizabethⅠ ’sreligious reformElizabethⅠ’sreligious reform was a compromise of views.13. What were the two events that most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closingdecades of the 18th centuryThey were the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.14.How many provinces does the Church of England have TheChurch of England has two provinces:Cantebury and York.15.What were the two guiding principles of the Amercian diplomacy during the Second WorldWarThere were two guiding principles behind all America’sdiplomatic activities:the first was to win the war;the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with Amercian interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from overexpansion.16. What is the general view of education in AmerciaThe general view of education in Amercia is that every Amercian has the right and obligation to become educated.17. Name two of Theodore Dreiser ’snovels.Sister Carrie,Trilogy of Desire and American Tragedy.18.What kind of history do people often say that the history of CanadaPeople often say that the history of Canada is a hostory of immigration.19.Why is the southern area of the Northern Territory called the Red Center of Australia Because it consists of miles and miles of red-sand and desert and moutain ranges.20.What is the RenaissanceRenaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history.21.When did the Queen Voctoria become Empress ofIndia In 1877 Queen Victoria became Empress of India.22.When is the Sovereign’s birthday officially celebrated23. Why is the Open Uinversity so named24.Explain why Ireland has been geographically compared to abasin In Ireland,a limestone plateau is rimmed by coastal highlands.25.When did the “Baby Boom”occurIt occurred between 1946 and 1961.26. What is meant by “Vietnamization ”of the warIt meant tha South Vietnamese troops would be war built up to replace American fighting force.27. What were the two serious weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation①There was no national executive or law-enforcing branch②Neither was there a national court System.28. What is “urban sprawl ”It refers to a city that has grown over large area of land.29.What caused the land disputes between the Maories and the settlers in New ZealandThe land disputes were mainly caused by the repid acquisition of Mari land by the government and pressure by settlers fof direct purchase.30.Why did William Ⅰ give his barons large estates in EnglandWilliam Ⅰgave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the land ’sproduce.31. What was the Queen Mary known asShe was known as the “Bloody Mary ”and aslo remembered as the monarch who lost the last British possesion on the lontinent,that the French port of Cala ’s during a renewed war with France.32. Which war was relatively smooth,with no bloodshed ,nor any execution of the king inBritainIt is the Glorious Revolution.33. What is American labour force likeThe American labour force in not only hard working ,but also willing to experiment,to change and to learn new technologies.34. What is the hihgest duty of the President in the United StatesThe highest duty of the President is the execution or carrying out of the law.35.Who was the first to explore fully the possibilities of free verse WaltWhitman was the first to exploer fully the possibilities of free verse.36.When is “Trick or treat ”played and what does it meanIt is in means”give something nice ,or I will play a trick on you.”37. How do children in remote areas of Austrilia receive their educationThe receive their education at home through a radio educational system called School of the Air.38.Why is Austrilia ’sNew South Wales called the premier stateIt is because it was the first colony established by Britain in 1788.39.What is the most potential serious natural disaster in New ZealandIn New Zealand,earthquakes and volcanoes are the most serious potential natural disasters.thFrom the end of the 8 th century,the Norwegian Vikings and the Danes from Denmark began to invade England.41. What ws Domesday BookThe book was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085,and stated the extent,values,the population,state of cultivation and ownership of the land.42.In Britain, what does BBC stand forBritish Broadcasting Corporation.43.What is largely responsible for the lack of extreme summer heat and winte cold in IrelandThe North Atlantic Current is responsiblef for the lack of extreme summer heat and winte cold in Ireland.44.Which state is the largest in the UintedStates Alaska is the largest one.45.Who drafted “The Declaration of Independence ”in the .46.What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide safeguardsof the new government misusing its powerThey introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances.47.What was the consequence of the Seven Years’War between the British and the French After the Seven Years’War from 1756-1763,the Frence were forced to give up every inch of land in North America and the whole of Canada came under the British rules. 48.What does the outback refer to in AustraliaThe outback usually refers to the interior and the centre of the Western Plateau and its northern plains.49.What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New ZealandThe kiwi.50.What the peculiar feature of the feudal system of EnglandAll landowners,big and small, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held,not only to their immediate lord,but also to the king.51. What is the main function of the House of Lords in BritainThe main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its membersinto the process of lawmaking.52. What is a “copyright ”library in BritainIt is a library which is entitled to receive a free copy of erery book published in the United Kingdom;libraries of other universities and learned institutions;and the Public libraries.53.Who was the first king to bring all Ireland under English controlHenryⅧ was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control54. What is tariff protectionTariff Protection means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.55. What role has the Constitution playedThe Constitution has been the basis for the evolution of governmental institutions and has provided the basis for political stability,economic growth and social progress in the United States.56. What is the guiding principle of community collegeThe principle is higher education for ereryone and the philosophy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual differerces.57. What is considered to be the first real American writingFranklin’s uncompleted Autobiography is the first real American writing.58. What is the built environmentThe built environment refers to those parts of the environment built by people or changed by people.59. Where is the highest peak in New ZealandThe highest peak,Mt Cook,is in the center of the moutain range,which is called the Southern Alps.60. How did the Celts invade BritainThe Celts invaded Britain in three waves;the Gaels,the Brythons and the Belgae.61. Why do we call the English Civil War the Puritan WarIt is because the supporters of Parliament were mainly Puritans.62.Who were the forerunners of the Liberal Party in BritainThe forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain were Whigs.63.What field did the Industrial Revolution firstly occur inThe Industrial Revolution firstly occur in the field of textile.64.What is “a nation on wheels ”A nation on wheels refers to the Untited States because many Americans have their cars.65.What kind of economic system does the United States haveThe . has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.66.What are the three principal funtions of the higher education in the United StatesThe three principal functions are teaching,research ,and public service.67.What do people usually do on Valentines Day in AmericaIt is popular to send cards decorated with hearts and flowers to express love.68.What is the chief language of instruction inIreland It is English.69.What is another name of New Zealand NationalDay It is Waitangi Day.。