作文讲义
《命题作文》 讲义
《命题作文》讲义一、什么是命题作文命题作文，是指给定一个明确的题目，要求作者根据这个题目进行写作的一种作文形式。
命题作文的题目通常是一个词语、短语或者句子，它限定了作文的主题和范围，作者需要在这个给定的框架内发挥自己的想象力和创造力，表达自己的观点、情感和想法。
例如，“我的梦想”“春天的故事”“一次难忘的经历”等，这些都是常见的命题作文题目。
二、命题作文的特点1、明确的主题限制命题作文的题目直接规定了写作的主题，这使得作者在构思和写作时必须紧紧围绕这个主题展开，不能偏离。
2、较小的创作自由相较于自由写作，命题作文给作者的自由发挥空间相对较小。
但这并不意味着完全没有自由，而是在特定的主题范围内，作者可以选择不同的角度、素材和表达方式。
3、考察综合能力要写好命题作文，需要作者具备综合的写作能力，包括对主题的理解、素材的选择和组织、语言的运用等。
三、命题作文的写作步骤1、审题仔细阅读题目，理解题目的含义和要求。
要抓住题目中的关键词，明确题目的主旨和重点。
同时，要思考题目所涉及的范围和对象，以及可能的写作方向。
比如，“我的母亲”这个题目，关键词是“我的”和“母亲”，写作的重点应该是自己与母亲之间的关系、母亲的特点和对自己的影响等。
2、立意在审题的基础上，确定自己的写作立意。
立意就是文章的中心思想，是作者想要通过文章表达的主要观点或情感。
立意要新颖、深刻，能够引起读者的共鸣。
以“一次难忘的旅行”为例，可以立意于通过这次旅行获得的成长和感悟，也可以立意于旅行中所感受到的人与自然的和谐之美。
3、选材根据立意，选择合适的素材。
素材可以是自己的亲身经历、所见所闻，也可以是从书籍、影视等渠道获取的信息。
但所选素材要能够支持和体现立意，要有典型性和说服力。
如果立意是通过旅行获得成长，那么可以选择在旅行中遇到困难并克服的经历作为素材；如果立意是感受人与自然的和谐之美，可以选择描写旅行中美丽的自然风光以及人们对自然的保护行为等。
中学初二的作文讲义1
精锐教育学科教师指导讲义讲义编号_学员编号：学员姓名：nj1yzy455胡至诚年指导科目：级：语文初二课时数：学科教师：白云美3课题作文写作技巧讲课日期实时段1.掌握写作的开头技巧教课目标 2.能够独立的运用这些技巧3.能够灵巧的运用的各种文章中教课内容中考作文写作技巧中考语文改革已显然偏向于读写考察，作文得分高是语文得优分的重点。
所以怎样指导学生临场作文技巧，是值得毕业班语文教师研究的问题。
一、命题要新奇题目是文章的眼睛，富裕新意的标题是写好作文的初步。
平常训练时，教师要让学生重视文题对作文的重要性。
要鼓舞学生尽最大可能创建出新奇的作文题目，以争取作文得高分的第一优异印象。
如，面对题目《＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿的一幕》，有的学生填写“难堪”，就能给人以新鲜的感觉。
假如资料、话题类作文，要在认真读懂资料的前提下，拟出一个好题目，如，话题作文：情节动人的文学作品令人如梦如醉；优美悦耳的校园歌曲令人神清气爽；出色强烈的体育比赛令人激动不已；充满真情的电影电视令人回肠荡气请从下题中任选一题作文，补全题目，写一篇许多于600字的文章。
1）《读＿＿＿＿＿＿＿我真＿＿＿＿＿＿》（2）《听＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿我真＿＿＿＿＿＿＿》（3）《看＿＿＿＿＿＿＿我真＿＿＿＿＿＿＿》。
学生在认真剖析话题提示时，理解了“读”、“听”、“看”的内涵，于是陕西一考生拟写《读＜唐诗宋词选＞我真沉迷》，便使作文拥有了一个成功的作文题，也使这篇作文在阅卷者眼中留下第一个“满分”印象。
二、开头要引人好开头有“回眸一笑百媚生”的动人成效。
考场作文，应慎写开头，认真对待第一句，第一段的写作，最好先在稿纸上写出开头的段落，而后再自我感觉几遍，若能让自己激动起来，那么也定能感人他人。
如考生写《人生最需要掌声》的开头：“人生最需要掌声。
很多人经常叹息：知己难求。
何为知音，知己莫非不就是人生中的鼓掌者吗？”这是一篇满分作文的开头，这是个能激动自己的开头，好像刚翻开水闸门同样，使自己的写作如洪水般一落千丈。
讲义：包君成作文范式班
包君成作文范式一：追逐梦想（凤头点题不能超过三行）当班里的同学“箪食壶浆以迎王师”之时，我确信/知道，为追逐梦想受过的伤、流过的泪，不再婉转凄切，而是呦呦鹿鸣。
【之前埋怨的汗与泪的苦涩/（自负地以为苦涩的汗与泪），现在品来都是甘甜的。
/在追逐梦想的路上又收获了一笔不小的财富。
有时候，重要的不是梦想的大小，而是在追逐梦想的路上收获的财富。
】转身、移动、跳投……每个动作都像跳跃的音符，连成了一曲奋进之歌，催促着我朝着梦想前行。
汗水从手背沁出，在烈日下仿若一颗颗晶莹的珍珠，而在那些珍珠里有我小小的梦想：成为学校篮球队的一员。
（困难出现）“就你那”豆芽菜”的身体，也想进篮球队？别痴人说梦啦！”那个仲夏夜，嘲笑声依然萦绕在耳畔，而我却暗暗告诉自己：梦想就在前方，努力追逐定能实现！（万能句式）那晚，借着皎洁的月光，我开始了第一次追逐梦想的努力。
带着兴奋激动，我捧着篮球，来到小区球场。
从这头跑到那头，一遍、两遍、三遍……任汗水浸湿衣裳，只知梦想就在前方。
（心理克服）“最无益，只怕一日曝，十日寒。
”我这样告诉自己，想要成为校篮球险的一员绝非易事，追逐梦想的过程需要一步一个脚印。
（生理克服）每天清晨，我在跑道上追逐着第一缕阳光；每日傍晚，我在操场上亲吻最后一抹夕阳。
我知道，优秀篮球运动员需要结实的身体。
跑步、俯卧撑、蛙跳……日复一日的锻炼，让我的体力渐渐增强。
我感动梦想又离我近了一步。
但是，良好的体力也仅仅是个基础，技术的提升更是关键。
每当校篮球队训练时，我就会悄悄地躲在一旁“偷学”。
但我并不气馁，因为我知道，生是水人实现不可能轻而易举，需要用心去追逐。
他们训练结束后，我总是激动地拿起篮球重复刚刚“偷学”到的技术。
从陌生到熟悉、从熟悉到巧用。
渐渐地每一个动作都深深地烙在了心里，原本调皮的篮球也变成了一匹被驯服的战马，跟随我在球场上驰骋。
夕阳的余晖渐渐消失在地平线，我满怀信心地等待着新一轮选拔寒的来临。
这一刻，我明白了，那是追逐梦想的力量。
小学四年级作文《写观察日记》写作讲义
小学四年级作文《写观察日记》写作讲义一、小学四年级作文《写观察日记》写作指导（一）、明确观察对象1. 选择兴趣点：首先，从自己感兴趣的事物中挑选观察对象。
它可以是家里的一盆绿植、窗外的小鸟、路上的行人，或是学校的某个角落。
兴趣是最好的老师，只有对观察对象充满好奇，才能写出有情感的文字。
2. 细化观察点：确定观察对象后，进一步细化观察点。
比如，如果选择观察一棵树，可以从树干的纹理、树叶的形状和颜色、树上的小动物等方面入手。
（二）、观察方法与技巧1. 运用五官：鼓励孩子使用眼睛看、耳朵听、鼻子闻、手触摸等多种感官去感知观察对象，这样能让观察更加全面立体。
2. 记录细节：注意捕捉观察对象的细微之处，如花瓣上的露珠、蚂蚁搬运食物的场景等。
这些细节是日记生动的关键。
3. 对比与联想：引导孩子在观察中运用对比手法，比如比较不同时间或不同环境下的变化；同时，鼓励孩子发挥想象力，将观察到的景象与生活中的其他事物相联系，创造出生动有趣的比喻或故事。
（三）、日记结构与内容1. 开头：简短介绍观察的时间、地点和对象，可以设置一个吸引人的开头，比如提出一个问题或描述一个场景，激发读者的阅读兴趣。
2. 主体：详细记录观察过程和所见所感。
可以按照时间顺序或空间顺序来组织内容，条理清晰地描述观察对象的特征、变化以及自己的感受和思考。
注意使用形象生动的语言，让读者仿佛身临其境。
3. 结尾：总结观察结果，可以提出自己的疑问、感想或未来的期待。
也可以与开头相呼应，形成完整的故事结构。
（四）、注意事项1. 真实感受：鼓励孩子写出自己的真实感受，无论是喜悦、惊讶还是疑惑，都是宝贵的写作素材。
2. 持之以恒：写观察日记需要耐心和坚持，建议每天或每周固定时间进行观察并记录，逐渐养成良好的写作习惯。
3.多阅读多学习：鼓励孩子多读优秀的文学作品和同龄人的习作，学习别人的写作技巧和表达方式，不断提高自己的写作水平。
二、小学四年级作文《写观察日记》情境创设在一个温柔的春日早晨，阳光透过轻纱般的窗帘，悄悄溜进了小学四年级一班的教室，给这个充满生机的空间披上了一层金色的外衣。
高中作文作文素材讲义个人与社会
2021新高考全国卷语文人大附中作文素材讲义（1）--个人与社会关键词：个人与社会的关系，社会责任感、个人与国家素材积累• 一个人可以走得很快，一群人才能走得更远。
•我们在一起，就像一滴水融入另一滴水，就像一束光簇拥着另一束光。
因为我们知道，惟有点亮自己，才有个体的美好前程；惟有簇拥在一起，才能照亮国家的未来。
——南方周末《像一束光簇拥另一束光》•中国进步不是靠一帮勇敢者去触碰勇气的上限，而是靠普通人一起一点点抬高勇气的下限。
——清华副教授刘瑜•小人物从来不是大时代的被动接受者，每一个小人物的参与和行动，汇成大时代的洪流。
——南方周末•大家同在一辆疾驰的车上，谁也不是旁观者，谁也无法置身事外。
——南方周末《每一个这样的你都是英雄》•小人物从来不是大时代的被动接受者，每一个小人物的参与和行动，汇成大时代的洪流；每一个小人物的祈望与呐喊，汇成大时代的最强音；每一个小人物的涓滴“熵减”，汇成大时代的茁壮成长。
——南方周末《每一个这样的你都是英雄》•如果不能做翻腾的浪花，何妨做一颗涌动的水滴，只要保持向前的姿态，我们终将汇入同一片海洋。
——大河报《努力生长，你就是世间最美的风景》•你我同在一艘命运的船上，你我同在一辆疾驰的车上，生死相依，荣辱与共。
——南方周末《每一个这样的你都是英雄》•每个人都不是一座孤岛，一个人必须是这世界上最坚固的岛屿，然后才能成为大陆的一部分。
——约翰・多恩•社会犹如一条船，每个人都要有掌舵的准备。
——易卜生国人无一旁观者，国虽小而必兴; 国人尽为旁观者，国虽大而必亡。
——梁启超《呵旁观者文》我们不再一己呢喃，也不满足于窃窃私语。
我们要让声音在阳光下汇聚。
越来越多的人不惮于我口说我心，才是希望之民族，才是强大之国度。
如此，才能智者蜂起，百家争鸣，让思想的光芒肆意照射。
如此，才能勇者辈出，齐头并进，让实践的理性改变现实。
——南方周末《像一束光簇拥另一束光》•创造新陆地的，不是那滚滚的波浪，却是它底下细小的泥沙。
写作《如何突出中心》讲义语文七年级上册
部编版语文七上第五单元：《作文》如何突出中心单元要求1.明白什么是文章中心，以及中心对一篇文章的重要性。
2.掌握突出中心的常用技法。
3.有意识地运用一些专门的方法进行写作训练。
写作指导先想明白一个问题：中心是什么？有什么作用？中心，是文章中传达出来的作者的基本观点、态度、情感和意图，也是作者写作文章的主旨所在。
每篇文章都要有一个相对集中面明确的中心。
有了中心，写文章也就有了主心骨；没有中心，或者中心不明确，文章就会像一盘散沙，叫人不知所云。
中心的作用：有了中心，写文章也就有了主心骨；没有中心，或者中心不明确，文章就会像一盘散沙，叫人不知所云。
由于文章的“中心思想”(亦称“立意”)，对于整篇文章的材料取舍、结构层次、语言表达起着统率作用，因而人们常把“中心思想”(“立意”)比作文章的灵魂。
立定主意，便布置间架，以平日所见，一笔扫就，却旋改可也。
如此则笔力不馁。
作文以主意为将军，转换开，如行军之必由将军号令。
句则其裨将，字则其兵卒，事料则其器械，当使兵随将转……如通篇主意间架未定，临期逐旋摹拟，用尽心力，不成文矣。
随着时代的推移，虽然人们对写作规律有了更多的研究，但古人在写作上的真知灼见，直到今天依然有借鉴意义。
本单元的写作练习，旨在引导学生从熟悉的校园生活、家庭生活、社会见闻中选择有感触的场景、人物、事件，或者触动过内心、引发过思考的物品等，想清楚自己要表达怎样的情感、体悟或思考，然后围绕中心立意设计线索、组织材料、安排详略。
回顾一下我们本单元的三篇课文，每篇课文的中心分别是什么？《猫》：通过三次养猫并最终失去猫的故事，表达了凡事要实事求是，对人对事都别存偏见私信，要宽容，要仁爱。
《动物笑谈》：通过幽默诙谐的文字，我们可以感受到科学工作者专注忘我的精神和较高的专业素养。
《狼》：说明狼无论多么狡诈也不是人的对手，终归会为人的勇敢智慧所战胜。
回顾完这三篇课文的中心，大家不妨再围绕中心进行一下发散性思维，回想一下作者围绕中心都写了哪些事？并且想一想哪些事写得比较详细，哪些事写得比较简略，捋一捋作者的写作思路。
初中作文辅导全套讲义
初中作文辅导全套讲义一、作文的基本要素作文是一种表达思想和情感的文学体裁，它由标题、开头、中间段落和结尾组成。
一个好的作文应该具备以下几个基本要素：1. 标题：标题应简明扼要地概括作文的主题，并能吸引读者的注意力。
一个好的标题能够让读者对作文产生浓厚的兴趣。
2. 开头：开头是作文的引子，它应该能够吸引读者的眼球，引起读者的兴趣。
开头可以采用引用名言、提出问题、叙述事实等方式，但要注意不要过于庸俗或夸张。
3. 中间段落：中间段落是作文的主体部分，它应该围绕主题展开，逻辑清晰，观点明确。
可以通过列举事实、举例说明、比较对比等方式来支持自己的观点，使作文更有说服力。
4. 结尾：结尾是作文的总结部分，它应该对前文进行总结，给读者留下深刻的印象。
结尾可以采用回归主题、提出建议、表达自己的观点等方式，但要注意不要突兀或夸张。
二、作文的写作技巧除了基本要素外，一个好的作文还需要运用一些写作技巧，使作文更加生动、有趣、有感染力。
以下是几个常用的写作技巧：1. 使用恰当的修辞手法：修辞手法是作文中常用的一种修辞方式，它可以使作文更加生动、有趣。
比如使用比喻、拟人、夸张等手法，可以让作文更加形象、生动。
2. 运用丰富的词汇和句式：词汇和句式是作文中的基本元素，它们可以使作文更加丰富多样。
作文中可以使用一些高级词汇和复杂句式，但要注意不要过度使用，以免影响作文的流畅性。
3. 注意段落的结构和连接：作文中的段落应该有清晰的结构和良好的连接，使作文更加连贯。
每个段落应该有一个明确的主题句，并且段落之间要有适当的过渡，使作文更加流畅。
4. 注意语法和标点的正确使用：语法和标点是作文中的基本规范，它们的正确使用可以使作文更加规范、准确。
作文中应该注意主谓一致、时态一致、语法结构的正确使用，同时要注意标点的准确使用，以免影响作文的理解和阅读。
三、作文的常见题材和写作要点初中作文的题材多种多样，以下是几个常见的题材和相应的写作要点：1. 描写人物：可以选择一个你喜欢或敬佩的人物进行描写，可以从外貌、性格、行为等方面进行描写，要注意使用形象生动的语言，让读者对这个人物有更深刻的了解。
作文讲义
中间段中间段有以下具体特点：所涉及内容应该准确、清楚，颇具说服力；段落中一定具备主题句；段落内容应该保持完整、统一，没有说明不足之处或多余冗长的细节；内容顺序安排合理，逻辑性较强；段落之间连贯自然；段落中讨论的内容主次分明，材料比例适当；词与句型运用合理并且有变化。
中间段展开方法归纳如下：列举法Eating wild animals gives rise to a lot of negative effects. In the first place, as many wild animals carry parasites, when we eat them, the parasites enter our bodies, thus causing a lot of illnesses. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a case in point. It was reported that the virus derived from a “delicious” animal and the disease has claimed thousands of lives throughout the world and brought great damages to people’s properties. In the second place, since animals are an indispensable part of o ur environment, the extinction of some animals may disturb the natural balance. Last but not least, eating wild animals is cruel. After all, wild animals are our close friends.比较对比法People who believe in the beneficial side may have some arguments as follows. To begin with, farmers can earn more money by working in the cities. Most of them will s end part of their income back home to help their families. What’s more, these farmers will help develop the cities in many ways. According to a recent survey, most of the construction projects in big cities are actually done by farmers.By contrast, some people argue that farmer migration may give rise to a series of negative effects. They worry that much land will be deserted in the country. In addition, it is also believed that rising crimes in cities are partly related to this migration.因果法The hamburger is the most popular food item in the United States. Every year Americans consume billions of them. They are sold in expensive restaurants and in humble diners. They are cooked at home on the kitchen stove or over a barbecue grill in the backyard. Why are they so popular?First, a hamburger is extremely easy to prepare. It is nothing more than a piece of ground beef, cooked for a few minutes. Then it is placed in a sliced bun. Nothing could be simpler. Even an unskilled cook can turn out hundreds of them in an hour. Besides that, the simple hamburger can be varied in many ways. You can melt some cheese on top of the beef to create a cheeseburger. You can also add some grilled bacon for an interesting flavor contrast. In addition, you can garnish the hamburger with other things such as lettuce, tomato, onion, mushrooms, avocado, pickles, hot pepper, ketchup, relish, mayonnaise, mustard or whatever you wish!例证法Take my neighbor as an example. There are three members in their family and the two adults were laid off last year. The only child will have to drop out of school next semester. In order to help them, I donated all my money—300 yuan to pay the tuition. And I plan to call on others to donate more money. Though I cannot do a lot, I have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.发展过程法To build your own sun scope, get a carton and cut a hole in one side, big enough to poke your head through. Paste white paper on the inside surface that you will be facing. Then punch a pinhole into the opposite side high enough so that the little shaft of light will miss your head. For a sharper image you can make a better pinhole by cutting a one-inch square hole in the carton, taping a piece of aluminum foil over this hole, and then making the pin-hole in the foil. Finally, tape the box shut and cover all light leaks with black tape.分类法Nowadays the news media mainly consists of radio, television and newspapers. Each type has its own advantages anddisadvantages.Newspapers are the oldest form for communicating the news. Today many people still begin their day by reading the morning paper while having breakfast, and end their day by reading the evening paper while having dinner.The invention of the radio has had a tremendous influence on the world. It is able to bring up-to-minute news to distant places in a matter of seconds. Thus the development of the radio has made the world a smaller place.Television is the most recently developed device for communication. It allows us to see as well as to hear the news. The fact that it enables people to see visual images has had a considerable effect on our perceptions of world events.标点1、英文没有顿号2、英文没有书名号，可用斜体，引号或下划线；专有名词常用斜体表示3、句号不同4、省略号(…)5、破折号专转本作文范文选1. Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely. A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners. To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck.In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.2. InterestsIt is no doubt that everyone has his interests. For example, your sister is interested in stamp collecting; your brother takes interest in physics; and you yourself have a liking for computer.To develop your interests will help you make way in the world. If you like to be a teacher and you receive adequate education, you will certainly make yourself a successful one. If you cultivate your various interests properly, you will probably find it easier to find a job or profession.Sometimes you have to give up your interests for one thing or another. If you have a family and still you have a great interest in watching TV or some other pastime, you have to give it up from time to time so that you can help with housework or spend time with your lovely kid.3. HonestyWhat is honesty? Honesty means telling the truth and being fair and upright in act. Honesty is a good virtue. He who liesand cheats is dishonest. Those who gain fortunes, not by hard labour, but by other means, are dishonest.Honesty is the best policy. If you are honest in all matters, you'll be trusted and respected by others. A liar is always looked down upon and regarded as a black sheep by the people around. Once you have lied, people will never believe you even if you are telling the truth. The fable of the shepherd boy just makes a typical example. Honest, your reputation will become great. Dishonest, your name will be spoiled and your personality degraded.Since honesty is so important, we must cultivate it. We should tell the truth at all times instead of making such an excuse as "A little dishonesty is only a trifle thing". We should eradicate immediately the seed of dishonesty once it is sowed in our minds.4. The Generation GapThe generation gap is the different ideas and attitudes toward the same matter between different generations.What causes the differences then? It is the rapid changes in a society that make many things different. Different generations receive distinct education, and therefore have different knowledge and experiences. Parents want their children to follow their old-fashioned and traditional rules and values. But the youngsters like to accept the modern ones and reject to maintain the old ones. Each generation has different things to do and they tend to have different attitudes towards many matters. Therefore, generation conflicts always arise.In order to narrow the gap, each generation is supposed to be aware of the needs of the other. Has the idea ever occurred to you that each generation should respect the other, listen to the other and discuss problems with the other patiently?5. TravellingPeople who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring provides more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes, which otherwise would be impossible.Those who dislike travelling have their reasons, too. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation calls for money and walking while seeing sights often tires you.In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you may well grow to like and love.6. A Good FriendEveryone wants a friend who encourages the best in him. Such a friend shows he is interested in strengthening another. He can be counted on to give his support, and he will criticize, too, because he knows a person has to have feedback to grow and change.A good friend thinks carefully before he criticizes. He always asks himself whether his criticism is fair. He tries to find out all the facts involved in a situation because he knows how harmful inaccuracy can be.Kindness is also important to him. He wants to understand what the other person is feeling and respect those feelings. If a friend is both accurate and kind as a critic, everyone respects what he says. His criticism is something like love.7. AutomobilesAutomobiles, as the product of modern civilization, have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of human society. Industry needs automobiles for transportation. Agriculture needs automobiles for farming as well as transportation. Every day, automobiles drive people to or from work. At weekends, automobiles take families to joyful outings. And during travelling seasons, automobiles are all the more a common sight everywhere, even in remote areas. It can be said that the wheels of automobiles move human society forward.But automobiles have also given rise to a series of problems. For example, cities are overcrowded with automobiles. They make big noises and cause traffic accidents which disable or kill many people each year. Worst of all, perhaps, the air is polluted by the gases produced by automobiles. Some of the gases are poisonous and dangerous to health.Obviously, automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side. While they are so indispensable to mankind, they also bring us serious problems. It's only hoped that mankind, while making the most out of automobiles, will eventually findsatisfactory solutions to problems.8. The World Is Getting Smaller and SmallerMost of us may have such experiences: When you go to some place far away from the city where you live and think you know nobody there, you are surprised to find that you run into one of your old classmates on the street. Perhaps both of you would cry out, "What a small world!"Why is the world getting smaller and smaller? For one thing, faster and safer means of transport have greatly reduced distance. In the past it took people eight weeks to cross the Pacific Ocean, but now an air journey from Shanghai to New York only takes eight hours. For another, the quickening pace of modern society creates more opportunities for people to visit each other. For example, business activities and cultural exchange have brought peoples into constant contact with the world.So we may safely draw the conclusion that the more advanced a society and technology, the smaller the world will be.9. Make Our Cities GreenerIn recent years, while our industries and business have developed quickly, the number of tress in many big cities has dramatically reduced. Efforts are being made to prevent more trees from being fallen down, but it is of importance to realize the significance of making cities greener.Making cities greener has many advantages. First, it can make our air cleaner. Scientific research has proved that trees can reduce great amount of carbon in the atmosphere through absorption. Second, it can render our cities more beautiful. With trees and flowers everywhere, there is a pleasant feeling that we live in a beautiful garden. Finally, it can produce timber —an effective way to solve the problem of the limited supply of natural resources.Making our cities greener requires a nationwide effort. There should not only be a widespread awareness of its contribution to urban environment, but also a common action to plant more trees and preserve them from commercial use.10. HealthHealth is the foundation of one's future success. If you become sick, it is impossible for you to go on with your study or your work.. On the contrary, if you are strong, you can overcome the difficulties that lie ahead of you.How can you have good health? Firstly, you should do exercise every day to strengthen your bodies. Secondly, you should form some good habits, such as early rising. If you get up early, you can breathe fresh air. Thirdly, you should pay great attention to your health. If you are getting sick, you'd better go and see a doctor.In a word, nothing is more valuable than health. In good health, a student may absorb more knowledge and solve more complex problems. In good health, scientists can achieve more success and make more contributions.11. Advantages and Disadvantages of TelephoneTelephone is one of the most welcome and popular communication means. It is a great carrier of massages. Many people use it almost every day. I can hardly imagine how we would get on if we didn't have telephones.There are some advantages of telephones. The first is speed and the second is directness. If you want to get an immediate connection, it is obviously quicker to phone someone than to write a letter. If you want information, it is probable to get it directly by telephone. Another advantage is that telephone can give you a personal feeling. If you want to talk or get in contact with a friend or a relative, you feel much closer to them when you are talking to them on the telephone.However, telephones have some disadvantages. If you have a telephone at home, it often rings at an inconvenient time. It may ring when you are having a bath or when you are watching your favourite television program. Another disadvantage is that sometimes you might misunderstand what somebody is saying. If it is a matter of really important information, it is probably safer to have it in a letter than on telephone.12. Ways of Relaxing"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" is a popular saying in English. There is much truth in it. It means that in order to keep ourselves in good health, we must take sufficient recreations.Everyone has his own way of relaxing. For people who sit much of the time at work, cycling is said to be a capital meansfinest forms of exercise, too. For peopleengaged in outdoor work, reading is anexcellent change if suitable books are chosen.I like sports and enjoy participating inthem. My favourite sport is table-tennisbecause it brings the whole body into action.In fact, it doesn't matter whether I play a gameof ping-pang or concentrate on the bridgetable. It is important for me to relax from timeto time.13. The Way to SuccessEveryone tries to achieve success in his career. However, someone finally attains his goal while another fails. Why? The one continues his cause to the end through long periods of hard struggling, but the other is easily disappointed or stops halfway.Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success. A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit. He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be. Dr. Sun Yat-sen was such a man. Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and finally succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty. Diligence means steadiness in one's work and study. Su Qin stabbed himself in order to keep attentive to studies. Marx often worked 15 hours a day. Life is short and we have many things to do. Without diligence no one can achieve anything.I believe that where there is a will there is a way, and that success belongs to those who can suffer long years of patient toil and constant efforts.14. MoneyAs we all know, money is as important as air and water in the commercial world. Whatever we buy, wherever we go, we need money. Without it, there is nothing we can do, so to speak.However, we cannot take it for granted that money is everything. It has its negative effects, too. For example, some people may misuse money by gambling, drinking excessively or addicting themselves to drugs. Some others may even commit crimes in order to get much money.In my opinion, money itself is neither good nor bad. What counts lies in how to make good use of it. We need money in our daily life, but we should not be the slaves of money.15. Population of a Small Island StateDirections: Write a composition based on the following graph. The composition should be entitled "Population of a Small Island State."From the diagram, we can see that between 1900 and 1950, the population of the state remained a little less than 200,000. Since 1951 it has been increasing rapidly. In the past four decades, the population has gone up by over three times.There are several reasons for the increase. Firstly, the open policy being carried out in the state has enabled many foreign labourers to work there. Secondly, the beautiful scenery of the small island has attracted many tourists and some of them have been permitted to settle there. In addition, the government may not have realized the necessity of controlling population.If this trend continues, it is no doubt that the small state will suffer from various kinds of problems caused by over population, such as lack of land resources, food shortage and traffic congestion. Therefore, actions should be taken to controlthe increase of the population.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Letters of InvitationUseful Expressions:1. How to start your letter:You are invited to attend our company’s annual reception.We invite you to join us in thanking David Shaw for his 25 years of leadership._______ (company) invites you to an exclusive showing of its latest computing and telecommunications products.I would like to invite you to a dinner party.I’m very happy to invite you toa dinner party.2.How to offer details about your arrangements:We are giving a luncheon at_____ (place) at _____ (time) on ______ (date) .The company will host a celebration in honor of David’s retirement at Legal Tech, on June 27, from 4:00 to 7:00 p.m.The dinner party will be held from 4:00 to 7:00 p.m on June 27It would be a great pleasure to meet you on _____ (date) at/in the ____ (place).3.How to end your letter:We are sure you will find the presentation interesting.We hope you will be able to attend.We are all looking forward to hearing your views.We are looking forward to seeing you.I do hope you can come.I should be very happy if you could come.Please let me know as soon as possible.Sample20 June, 2008Dear Wu Ji,You are invited to attend a graduation party at my house on Sunday, June 27. The party will start immediately after our graduation ceremony, at about 4:00. Your parents and friends are welcome, too.I do hope you can come.Sincerely,Wang JunResponse to a Letter of InvitationHow to accept a letter ofinvitation:Useful Expressions1. How to start your letter:Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion on Web security.I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care Seminar.I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.2. How to end your letter:Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the auto exhibition.TipsThank the recipient for inviting you.Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.Ask for more information if you need to.Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.How to decline a letter of invitation:Useful Expressions1. How to start your letter:Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the____________.2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.Although I think the day would be most worthwhile,I have a previous engagement and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore, be able to attend the banquet you are holding.3. How to end your letter:If you have other meetings inthe future that will feature the same subject, I would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for thinking of us.TipsThank the recipient for inviting you.Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another opportunity.Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.SampleAn Informal Letter of AcceptanceJune 24, 2004Dear Wang Jun,After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.Thanks for the invitation.Best,Wu JiAn Informal Letter of RefusalJune 24, 2004Dear Wang Jun,I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if you can.Best,Wu Ji常用词汇1.个人资料name 姓名sex pen name 笔名date of birth 出生日期birth date 出生日期born 出生于birth place 出生地点age 年龄native place 籍贯province 省city 市nationality 民族，国籍address 地址current address 目前地址present address 目前地址permanent address 永久地址postal code 邮政编码home phone 住宅电话office phone 办公电话business phone 办公电话male 男female 女height 身高weight 体重marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚single/unmarried 未婚divorced 离异separated 分居number of children 子女人数none 无street 街lane 胡同，巷road 路district 区house number 门牌health 健康状况health condition 健康状况2.objective 目标position applied for 申请职位to look for a more challenging opportunity 找一个更有挑战性的工作机会to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途To get/find/obtain/seek/look for a position as________ in a ___________ company.3.教育情况Education backgroundcourse课程major 主修courses included…课程包括specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程social practice 社会实践scholarship 奖学金doctor (Ph.D) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士4.工作经历part-time jobs 业余工作summer jobs 暑期工作extracurricular activities 课外活动social activities 社会活动时间要倒序，最近的工作要放在最前面。