园艺专业外语课件
园艺专业英语课件 Lesson 1 new
• What are the three major areas of horticulture? • What is the history of horticulture? • Why is horticulture popular?
Why is horticulture a science, a technology, and an industry?
• Ornamental Horticulture- growing and using plants for their beauty inside and outside our homes.
• Food Crop Production- growing crops for use as food.
It also includes maintenance and care of vegetable crops as well commercial and non-traditional vegetable crop production including organic gardening and organic farming; sustainable agriculture and horticulture; hydroponics; and biotechnology.
园艺专业英语(课后翻译)资料讲解
园艺专业英语(课后翻译)园艺专业英语翻译（中→英）Lesson1 part A1、protected (structure) horticulture is defined as a cultivation method taking use of heatkeeping ,chilling prevention or cooling and rainproof facilities to prevent the crops production from being influenced or seriously done by natural seasons and to artificially create a microclimateenvironment suitable for growing horticultural crops in cold or hot weather hat actually unfavorable to the crop development .it is also termed as out-of-season culture ,season-off culture or forcingculture .because of the season in which horticultural crops are planted is hand for their growing inopen field.2、Windbreak、cold –frame 、hot-frame、 plastic-clad tunnel and greenhouse could provide a varietyof vegetable seeding for open field or protected culture or protect seeding of cold tolerant vegetable living through the winter ,for early planting and acquirement of early mature products.3、In respect of structure type, the largest horticultural structure area in our country consists of plastictunnels and lean to houses, especially the energy-sawing solar greenhouse, which has become thedominant greenhouse type in the country. Presently the development of large greenhouse or multi-span house has been initiated.Lesson2 part A4、In horticultural crop cultivation under structure the key point of environment management forgrowers is to create optimal complex of environmental conditions for crop growth and development, as possibly as they can, according to properties and environmental demand of crop.Lesson3 part ALesson4 part A1、most soil amendments are consisted of the increasing of organic matters ,addition of specificnutritional elements and ph adjustment2、the soil is an important constitute of the land loamy soil must consist of soul particles with properratio ,with equilibrium of nutrients ,in which contains some organic matter ,and with considerablemoistureLesson5 part ALesson6 part A1、sink demand of horticultural crops extremely affects photosynthetic ,for example ,leaf photosynthesisnoticeably decrease when potato tubers are removed during their growth short-term response may be stomato close effect ,but this cannot explain common continuous effects ,sometime when the source-sink ratio increases significantly ,some old leaves can renew their photosynthesis functions ,on the other hand ,rapidly growing sinks sometimes compete with leaves for mobilizable nitrogen and this results in abscission of leaves and lower photosynthesis capacity.2、It is not clear yet that how the sink demand affect photosynthesis of leaves .the simplest explanationis that photosynthesis accumulated in leaves restrain photosynthesis . however trials for examiningthis hypothesis usually obtained the opposite results .furthermore ,in practice ,photosynthates seemly not accumulate beside chloroplasts in mesophyll cells .thus ,more research work should be done on source-sink relationship to improve yields of horticultural cropsLesson7 part A1、the development of horticultural crops product organs consist of maturity 、full ripeness andsenescence stages .maturity includes physiological ripeness and horticultural ripeness the formermeans that in the last growth stage ,mature organs become full ripening and the later means the best growth stage of horticultural crops for harvest ,such as leaf vegetables ,when they are reaped ,they are not physiological ripe ,and flower crops are harvested when thy flower.Full ripeness is the develop stage after fruit mature some fruits can get full ripeness in trees ,while some must ripen after separated from trees .after full ripen the flesh mealiness aroma strength proper acidity and sugar ,senescence is a stopping terminating process of living activity. In this stage,product organs quality of horticultural crops become bad and completely leaves their economicalvalue in the endLesson8 part A1、hormone produced by seed influence fruit setting ,fruit growth and the balance of hormones in plant2、Stone fruits can no t set their fruits when their embryos develop abnormally. pome fruits can setwithout seeds ,but flesh cells grow slowly3、Gibberellins was produced after pollination with seed development gibberellins promotes synthesisof auxin , therefore ,promotes fruit setting .the fruit set and fruit growth is similar between the ovule not pollinated treated by gibberellins and those which has seed4、Gibberellins produced by apple seeds apparently restrain flower differentiation and result in alternatefruiting .alternate fruiting is not normal in pear and many stone fruits .it is because the earlyoccurrence of gibberellins synthesis peak which is not concurrent with flower differentiationinitiation.Lesson13 part A1、pruning of fruit trees is a practice involves the heading back cuts and the thinning cuts of branchesfor good framework ,for regulating contradiction between growth and fruiting ,for maintaining the equilibrium between vegetative growth and propagative growth and for good sunlight exposure, to fruit early to achieve high yield and to get commodity with high quality2、the pruning methods are best determined by the characteristics of fruit species and cultivars ,theclimate the soil condition and the crop developing stages and growth status .in order to get the best result ,it is useful to combine pruning with other cultural practices like fertilization ,irrigation, etc 3、Reinvigoration of trees is better performed annually, which can keep fruit from stimulating excessivesprouts .remove dead branches, sprouts and some crossing shoots. Secondly, large branches should be thinned out gradually to open tree chamber and to improve distribution of sunlight in order tosimulate fruiting.Lesson15 part A1、temperature is an critical element in biological ,chemical and physiological processes of all plantspecies2、Temperature regulates the rate of chemical reactions ,leading to the adjustment of plant growth rate.3、As a important contributing factor to climate .temperature play an important role in adaptability andgrowth ,date of plant thus the horticultural crop types which can be cultured in a specific area rely on temperature4、Most plants can live and grow in the range of 0 to 50℃ .however low-temperature sensitivity limitthe successful cultivated regions of plantsLesson16 part A1、sprinkler irrigation is often used in maintaining and flower beds which has the specialty the uniformwater amount in its coverage .however, water waste occur when sprinkler is not limited in the area need irrigation .in addition ,evaporation result in some water loss too。
植物学及园艺学英文版 botany and horticulture (95)
Stems
Monocots: small vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem. Dicots: large vascular bundles arranged in a ring around the stem.
Roots
Monocots: fibrous root system with no main tap root. Dicots: Main tap root, with smaller side roots branching off.
Flowers
Monocots: flower parts in 3’s
Dicots: flower parts in 4’s, 5’s, 6’s
Leaves
Monocots: parallel veins in leaves
Dicots: network of veins in the leaves
Vascular Tissue:
Xylem
• Sclerenchyma fibers • Long, tube-like cells, joined end-to-end, that transport water and minerals from soil to leaves. • Two types of cells: tracheids (in conifers) and vessel elements (in flowering plants).
Sclerenchyma
• Support tissue. • Elongated cells with thick cell walls. • Dead at maturity. • Forms long fibers, or smaller sclerids (such as stone cells in pears).
园艺专业英语：Lesson 5 Plant Biotechnology and GMOs
• Causes the death of fish and disruption to the whole ecosystem of the lake.
• International regulations has led to a reduction in the occurrences of these blooms.
Chemical pest control
• Each year, 30% of crops are lost to insects and other crop pests. • The insects leave larva, which damage the plants further. • Fungi damage or kill a further 25% of crop plants each year. • Any substance that kills organisms that we consider undesirable
• Fertilizers - are compounds to
promote growth; usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by uptake through leaves. Can be organic or inorganic
园艺专业英语a
园艺专业英语a-l2007年05月18日星期五 10:51AAalsmeer 荷兰的一个地名Abbott “艾博特”（猕猴桃品种）abrtion 败育adscission 脱落abscission zone（layer）离区（离层）accentuate 突出，强调，着重强调ackonwledgement n. 承认，确认，感谢acre 英亩acrylic 丙烯酸Actinidia 猕猴桃属actual yield 实际产量adult mite 成虫aechmea fasciata 美叶光萼荷，又名蜻蜓凤梨，淡玫瑰花色aesthetically 审美地，美学观点上的agamous 无性的，无性生殖的age distribution 年龄分布，树龄分布ageing 腐熟，熟化aggregation n. 集合，团聚作用agricultural prodution systen 农业生产系统Agrobacterium tumefaciens 根癌农根菌agroecosystem 农业生态系统agronomic 农艺学的，农事的agronomist n. 农艺学家，农学家alfalfa n.[植] 紫花苜蓿allocation 分配alluvial deposit 冲积物alphabetical 依字母顺序的，字母的alternate bearing 大小年结果amendment 调理剂ample 充足的anatomical 解剖的aneuploid 非整倍性（的）anion 阴离子annual 一年生植物，一季生植物anther 花粉囊，花药anthocyanin [植]炭疽病antibiotic 抗生素anti-drop film 无滴膜antiviral 抗过滤性病原体的，抗病毒的apex 尖，顶端aphid 蚜虫apomixis 单性生殖，孤雌生殖apendix n. 附录，附属品，[解]阑尾apricot 杏aquifer 含水土层，蓄水层aroma 芳香，香气，香味arsenate n.[化]砷酸盐arsenic n.[化]砷，砒霜artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能asphalt-coated wood 涂上一层沥青的木头assimilate 合成代谢产物assimilation 同化，同化作用，吸收associated yield 相关的产量aster 紫菀astringency 涩味astringent 收敛性的，严酷的，涩的asymmetrical 不对称的at normal atmospheric pressure 在标准大气压下atomize 使雾化attached in-line emitter 在制作过程中胶合或焊接在滴灌带（或软管）上的内置式喷头（滴头）attainable yield 可得到的产量attendant 伴随的auxin 生长素avenue 林荫道avocado 油梨axil 叶腋axillary 腋窝的，叶腋的，腋生的Bbacterial 细菌性斑点病bagworm 节草虫bamboo stick 竹片，竹竿barbed inlet 有刺的（具侧刺）的插入物bacterial speck 细菌性叶斑病bed of nursery stock 苗床bedding plant 花坛植物Bemisia tabaci 粉虱bench 长凳，长行工作台，操作台beneficial bacteria 有益细菌bentgrass 翦股颖Bermuda grass 狗牙根bicarbonate of soda 碳酸氢钠，小苏打bio-and photo-degradable 生物/光降解膜bioavailability n. （药物或营养素的）生物药效率，生物利用度bio-inoculate 生物接种biological agent 生物制剂，生物作用biological control 生物防治，生物学控制biomass 生物量biopesticide 生物农药biotechnology 生物技术bitter pit 苦心病bitterness 苦味bivalent 二价的blackberry 黒莓black-yellow striped 黒黄相间带状的bloom 花blossom-end rot（BER）蒂腐blossom-end rot fruit 蒂腐果blueberry 越橘bluegrass 早熟禾bog 沼泽，沼泽地bollworm 棉铃虫bombardment 炮击，轰击border soil 边界土壤，边际土壤，表层土壤botanical 植物性药材，植物学的botanical garden 植物园botanically 植物学上branch 分枝branchlet 细小的枝条broken or dotted line 虚线bruise 搽伤，挫伤Bruno "布鲁诺"（猕猴桃品种）bucket 提篮bud cutting 芽插budding 芽接法budworm 食心虫，卷叶蛾buffer capacity 缓冲能力build 体型bulb 球根，鳞茎bulldozing 推土机推土bumblebee（bumble-bee）熊蜂，土蜂burr （多）刺果皮，（多）刺果，刺球状花序，刺球butterfly bush 大叶醉鱼草Ccalcium n.[化]钙（元素符号Ca）calyx 萼片（总称）cambium 形成层cane hoop 竹竿拱架cane 蔓canopy 冠层，株冠；罩篷，遮篷canopy configuration 冠层结构cantaloupe 罗马甜瓜，香瓜，哈密瓜canvas 帆布cap 罩式覆盖capillary matting 具毛孔的垫子carbonate 碳酸盐；vt.使变成碳酸盐，使充满二氧化碳carnation 香石竹，康乃馨carnation flower 荷兰石竹，康乃馨carotenoid [生化]类胡萝卜素carpel [植]心皮carrying virus 携带病毒catfacing 畸形（果实表面凹凸不平）cation 阳离子cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量catkin 柔荑花序cefotaxime 氨噻肟头孢霉素cellar 地窖，地下室cellophane 玻璃纸胶膜celosia 青葙centipedegrass 百足草central leader 中心领导枝central leader system 中心领导枝树形centrifugal 离心的centrifuge 离心cherry 樱桃chestnut 粟子chewings fescue 紫羊茅Chico '齐克'（猕猴桃品种）Chico Hayward '齐克海沃德'（猕猴桃品种）Chinese gooseberry 中华鹅莓（猕猴桃的原称）chlorophyll 叶绿素chloroplast 叶绿体chlorosis 失绿症，萎黄病，变色病cholesterol 胆甾醇，胆固醇chrysanthemum 菊花circle（or pie）diagram 饼图，圆形图，百分比图clamp 钳clay fraction 黏粒clear film 透明膜clogging adj. 障碍的，阻塞的clonal [生]无性（繁殖）系的clone 无性系，无性繁殖，克隆cluster 串，丛，果穗，（总状）花序coconut椰子cognizance 认识，识别coincubate 共培养coir pith（coconuts）椰子壳纤维colchicine 秋水仙碱，秋水仙素cold-and hot-frame 阳畦和温床collaborative adj. 合作的，协作的，协力完成的colloidal adj. 胶状的，胶质的commercial fertilizer 化肥，商业化肥commercial horticulture 商品化园艺，市场化园艺commodity 商品common era 基督时代与公元相符合的时期compact plant 紧凑的株型compost 堆肥composted bark（bark compost）混合树皮compound pinnate [植]羽状复叶concomitant noxious gases 伴随的有害气体consecutive adj. 连续的，连贯的conservation of energy [物]能量守恒conservation of mass [物]质量守恒conservatory 暖房，温室consistent 一致的conspicuous 显而易见的consultancy bureaus 顾问局container-grown nursery stock 容器中栽培的苗木contaminant 污染物control daylength 控制日长controlled environment agriculture （CEA）控制环境农业cooling n. 冷却，adj. 冷却的corolla 花冠corsage 装饰女服上身或肩部的小花束cosmos 大波斯菊cost management 成本管理cotton aphid 棉蚜cotyledon 子叶cranberry 大果酸果蔓，蔓越橘creeping red fescue 匍匐紫羊茅crispness 脆crop condition 作物状况crop planning 种植计划crop vitality 作物的活力或生命力cross 杂交cross-pollination 异花授粉crotch 树杈cu ft 立方英尺cucurbit plant 葫芦科作物cultivar 品种cultivation under cover 保护地栽培cultural practice 栽培措施，栽培技术，栽培实践culture system 栽培系统curb 路边currant 黒醋粟cut flower 切花，鲜切花cutting 插枝，插穗cyanobacteria 蓝藻细菌cyclamen 仙客来cyme 聚伞花序cytokinin 细胞激动素Ddead load 恒载decaying manure or compost 腐熟的农家肥或堆肥deciduous 落叶的，脱落的deciduous plant 落叶植物decimal adj. 十进的，小数的，以十为基础的；n. 小数，十进制Decision Support Systems（DSS）决策支持系统decomposition n. 分解，腐烂deduce vt. 推论，演绎出defect 缺陷deficiency symptom 缺素症deficient 缺少，不足defoliate 除叶，使…落叶deformation 变形，变态，形变，畸形dehvdrated scale 脱水鳞片dehydration 脱水delicate 容易损坏的delphinidin 飞燕草色素depletion 损耗desaturase 去饱和酶deterioration 腐烂detract 转移devise vt. 设计，发明，图谋，做出（计划），想出（办法），遗赠给dew point 露点diabase 辉绿岩Dianthus 石竹dicotyledonous 双子叶植物的DIF temperature 昼夜逆温差dilution 稀释，稀释法，冲淡物dimension n. 尺寸，尺度，维（数），度（数），元dioecious 雌雄异体（株）的dioecism 雌雄异株，雌雄异体Diospyros kaki 柿diploid 二倍体（的），双重的，倍数的，双倍的，倍数染色体directional stimuli 定向刺激，定向促进disarmed strain 可转化态菌株disbud 除芽discing 圆盘耙耙地，圆盘耙耙作disinfectant 杀菌剂disjointed 脱节的，杂乱的disorder 病dispersion 分散（体，相，体系，作用，系统）；弥散（现象），色（消）散，散射，传播，悬漂（液）disposable income 纯收入disposal of waste plastic 废旧塑料的处理distal end 末端distilled water 蒸馏水ditch for against freezing 防寒沟divert 转向domesticate 驯养，驯化domesticated animal 驯养动物dominant 优势的dormancy 冬眠double cap 双层罩式覆盖double-light frame 双面进光骨架double-roofed glasshouse 双屋面温室drip irrigation system 滴灌系统drip irrigation 滴灌drip tape 滴灌带driving force 驱动力drop condensation 冷凝滴水drupe 核果dry matter content 干物质含量durability 耐久性Dutch lights 荷兰土温室dwarf cultivar 矮化品种dwarfing rootstock 矮化砧dynamic flowers 动态花卉Eearly blight 早疫病ebb-and-flood 落潮涨潮，水位的降低和升高ecology 生态学egg 卵elaborate adj. 精心制作的，详细阐述的，精细；vt. 精心制作，详细阐述electrical conductivity（EC）电导度electrodyne 静电喷雾器elcit 引起emasculate 使弱embed 嵌入embryo 胚，胚胎emissivity 发射率emitter 发射器，喷头，滴头emotional value 情感方面的价值Encarsia formosa 一种小的寄生蜂enclosure n. 围住，围栏encode 编码，把…译成电码，代码化endogenous 内源的，内生的endosperm [植]胚乳endosulfan 硫丹energy balance 能量平衡energy expenditure 能量支出，能量花费energy saving 节能energy-saving greenhouse 节能温室enhance 改进enrichment 增添entity 实体environmentally-conscious 具有环境意识的enzyme 酶epidermis 表皮equilibrium n. 平衡，平静，均衡，保持平衡的能力erect 直立的（茎）ethnic 不同民族的ethylene 乙烯Eucalyptus 桉树evaporation n. 蒸发（作用）even-span greenhouse 等屋面温室even-span 等屋面的exogenous 外生的，[地]外成的。
园艺专业英语：Lesson 3 Plants and Environmental Factors
• Root hairs- single cell roots
located a few mm back from root tip, absorb water
• Root cap- mass of cells that
– Stigma- sticky surface for capturing pollen at top of styles
– Style- tube-like structure that connects stigma and ovary
– Ovary- contains ovules or eggs
protects root tips from coarse soil
What are the differences between taproot and fibrous root systems?
• Taproot
– One large primary root that grows down + small secondary roots
• Whitish or tan in color • Make up one-half or more of the entire plant body • Absorb water and nutrients from the soil then transport
them above ground • Serve to anchor and support the top portion on plant • Can store carbohydrates to be used later for energy by
最新园艺专业英语(课后翻译)演示教学
园艺专业英语翻译（中→英）Lesson1 part A1、protected (structure) horticulture is defined as a cultivation method taking use of heat keeping ,chilling prevention or cooling and rainproof facilities to prevent the crops production from being influenced or seriously done by natural seasons and to artificially create a microclimate environment suitable for growing horticultural crops in cold or hot weather hat actually unfavorable to the crop development .it is also termed as out-of-season culture ,season-off culture or forcingculture .because of the season in which horticultural crops are planted is hand for their growing in open field.2、Windbreak、cold –frame 、hot-frame、plastic-clad tunnel and greenhouse could provide a variety of vegetable seeding for open field or protected culture or protect seeding of cold tolerant vegetable living through the winter ,for early planting and acquirement of early matureproducts.3、In respect of structure type, the largest horticultural structure area in our country consists of plastic tunnels and lean to houses, especially the energy-sawing solar greenhouse, which has become the dominant greenhouse type in the country. Presently the development of large greenhouse or multi-span house has been initiated.Lesson2 part A4、In horticultural crop cultivation under structure the key point of environment management for growers is to create optimal complex of environmental conditions for crop growth and development, as possibly as they can, according to properties and environmental demand of crop.Lesson3 part ALesson4 part A1、most soil amendments are consisted of the increasing of organic matters ,addition of specific nutritional elements and ph adjustment2、the soil is an important constitute of the land loamy soil must consist of soul particles with proper ratio ,with equilibrium of nutrients ,in which contains some organic matter ,and with considerable moistureLesson5 part ALesson6 part A1、sink demand of horticultural crops extremely affects photosynthetic ,forexample ,leaf photosynthesis noticeably decrease when potato tubers are removed during their growth short-term response may be stomato close effect ,but this cannot explain common continuous effects ,sometime when the source-sink ratio increases significantly ,some old leaves can renew their photosynthesis functions ,on the other hand ,rapidly growing sinks sometimes compete with leaves for mobilizable nitrogen and this results in abscission of leaves and lower photosynthesis capacity.2、It is not clear yet that how the sink demand affect photosynthesis of leaves .the simplestexplanation is that photosynthesis accumulated in leaves restrain photosynthesis . however trials for examining this hypothesis usually obtained the opposite results .furthermore ,in practice ,photosynthates seemly not accumulate beside chloroplasts in mesophyllcells .thus ,more research work should be done on source-sink relationship to improve yields of horticultural cropsLesson7 part A1、the development of horticultural crops product organs consist of maturity 、full ripeness and senescence stages .maturity includes physiological ripeness and horticultural ripeness the former means that in the last growth stage ,mature organs become full ripening and the later means the best growth stage of horticultural crops for harvest ,such as leaf vegetables ,when they are reaped ,they are not physiological ripe ,and flower crops are harvested when thy flower.Full ripeness is the develop stage afterfruit mature some fruits can get full ripeness in trees ,while some must ripen after separated from trees .after full ripen the flesh mealiness aroma strength proper acidity and sugar ,senescence is a stopping terminating process of living activity. In this stage, product organs quality of horticultural crops become bad and completely leaves their economical value in the endLesson8 part A1、hormone produced by seed influence fruit setting ,fruit growth and the balance of hormones in plant2、Stone fruits can no t set their fruits when their embryos develop abnormally. pome fruits can set without seeds ,but flesh cells grow slowly3、Gibberellins was produced after pollination with seed development gibberellins promotes synthesis of auxin , therefore ,promotes fruit setting .the fruit set and fruit growth is similar between the ovule not pollinated treated by gibberellins and those which has seed4、Gibberellins produced by apple seeds apparently restrain flower differentiation and result in alternate fruiting .alternate fruiting is not normal in pear and many stone fruits .it is because the early occurrence of gibberellins synthesis peak which is not concurrent with flower differentiation initiation.Lesson13 part A1、pruning of fruit trees is a practice involves the heading back cuts and the thinning cuts of branches for good framework ,for regulating contradiction between growth and fruiting ,for maintaining the equilibrium between vegetative growth and propagative growth and for good sunlight exposure, to fruit early to achieve high yield and to get commodity with high quality2、the pruning methods are best determined by the characteristics of fruit species and cultivars ,the climate the soil condition and the crop developing stages and growth status .in order to get the best result ,it is useful tocombine pruning with other cultural practices like fertilization ,irrigation, etc3、Reinvigoration of trees is better performed annually, which can keep fruit from stimulating excessive sprouts .remove dead branches, sprouts and some crossing shoots. Secondly, large branches should be thinned out gradually to open tree chamber and to improve distribution of sunlight in order to simulate fruiting.Lesson15 part A1、temperature is an critical element in biological ,chemical and physiological processes of all plant species2、Temperature regulates the rate of chemical reactions ,leading to the adjustment of plant growth rate.3、As a important contributing factor to climate .temperature play an important role in adaptability and growth ,date of plant thus the horticultural crop types which can be cultured ina specific area rely on temperature4、Most plants can live and grow in the range of 0 to 50℃ .however low-temperature sensitivity limit the successful cultivated regions of plantsLesson16 part A1、sprinkler irrigation is often used in maintaining and flower beds which has the specialty the uniform water amount in its coverage .however, water waste occur when sprinkler is not limited in the area need irrigation .in addition ,evaporation result in some water loss too。
园艺专业外语课件
塑料不仅可用于温室透明覆盖，也可以取代无土栽培 种植床的水泥硬化地面，或做成塑料袋填装无土基质， 进行无土栽培生产。 Plastics not only can be used as glazing cover of greenhouse, can also in place of the concrete in lining the growing beds , or be made to be plastic bag for packing growing media to soilless cultureuality improvement through climate control is the recently developed concept of DIF temperature.
气候控制不能看成是与作物相隔离的，因为温室气 候控制就是要试图创造作物理想的生长条件。 Climate control cannot be seen as separate from the crop, for which one tries to create optimal conditions.
塑料覆盖栽培也被称作第二次绿色革命，因为它已经 使世界范围内几乎所有的国家都显著提高了其粮食产 量。 As the Green Revolution expanded the production of agronomic crops, Plasticulture has provided yet another revolution. While more silent, plasticulture has enabled countries throughout the world to greatly extend their food production capability.
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Covers
日光温室
Lesson 2
Goals of Greenhouse Climate Control
shade
遮荫，遮光物 辅助的
supplementary
supplementary light
cost management
补光
成本管理
surroundings
Climate control cannot be seen as separate from the crop, for which one tries to create optimal conditions. Crop condition concerns a complex of properties which determinate the capacity of the crop to deliver good production over an extended period.
transpiration
环境
蒸腾作用
crop condition crop planning
作物的状况、作物特性 无限生长型作物
indeterminate crop susceptibility deformation
种植计划
易感性、感病性
抗病性
disease resistance
2.plasticulture
【n.】using plastic materials in agricultural applications.
3. polyethylene
【n.】 [化]
聚乙烯
A polymerized ethylene resin, used especially for containers, kitchenware and tubing, or in form of films and sheets for packaging.
塑料覆盖栽培也被称作第二次绿色革命，因为它已经 使世界范围内几乎所有的国家都显著提高了其粮食产 量。 As the Green Revolution expanded the production of agronomic crops, Plasticulture has provided yet another revolution. While more silent, plasticulture has enabled countries throughout the world to greatly extend their food production capability.
设施园艺作物栽培中，生产者对于环境管理的重点是根据作物的 特性和作物对环境的要求，尽可能创造出作物生育所需的最佳综 合环境条件。
In greenhouse culture, the key of environment management for productors is creating the optimum comprehensive environment base on crop properties and environmental demands as far as possible.
Natural mulches such as leaves, straw, sawdust, peat moss and compost have been used for centuries to control weeds and hold moisture in the soil. More over, plastic mulches also raise soil temperature and increase soil nutrient supplying. Today, as in 1959, Japan uses mostly polyvinylchloride (PVC) film for row covers. In other countries, polyethylene predominates.
人工气候室
As the Green Revolution expanded the production of agronomic crops, plasticulture has provided yet another revolution. While more silent, plasticulture has enabled countries throughout the world to greatly extend their food prodiction capability. It is only in the last fifty years that synthetic materials have altered the methods and benefits of mulching.
One example of quality improvement through climate control is the recently developed concept of DIF temperature.
气候控制不能看成是与作物相隔离的，因为温室气 候控制就是要试图创造作物理想的生长条件。 Climate control cannot be seen as separate from the crop, for which one tries to create optimal conditions.
覆膜机
7. ventilation
通风，流通空气
8. year-round
整年的、连年的
9. controlled environment agriculture
控制环境农业
10. carbon dioxide
【化.】 二氧化碳
11. Growth chamber 12. phytotron
生长室
变形、变态、畸变
dehydration DIF temperature
脱水
缺素症
deficiency symptom
昼夜逆温
different day and night temperature
internodal length 节间长度
compact plant
紧凑的株型
physiological
polyvinylchloride
[化] 聚氯乙烯 Commonly abbreviated PVC
4. row cover
小拱棚覆盖 plastic low tunnel
greenhouse cover
5.mulch 覆盖，覆盖物
【n.】
温室覆盖物
6.mulch applicator
【n.】 an
生理病害
The use of climate control can influence the most important above-ground growth factors. These factors are light, CO2 concentration, temperature and air humidity. As a result of evaporation, photosynthesis and respiration, the crop influences the mass balance of CO2 and water vapor pressure of the air, as well as the energy balance.
“作物状况”关系在较长一段时期内作物体内物质生 产和同化产物运输能力的综合特性。
Crop condition concerns a complex of properties which determinate the capacity of the crop to deliver good production over an extended period.
Lesson 1 Early Development and Status of Plasticulture
1.green Revolution
【n.】
绿色革命
A significant increase in agricutural productivity resulting from the introduction of high-yield varieties of grains, the use of pesticides, and improved management techniques.
塑料不仅可用于温室透明覆盖，也可以取代无土栽培 种植床的水泥硬化地面，或做成塑料袋填装无土基质， 进行无土栽培生产。 Plastics not only can be used as glazing cover of greenhouse, can also in place of the concrete in lining the growing beds , or be made to be plastic bag for packing growing media to soilless culture.
园艺专业英语
授课教师：李丹丹
Contents
• Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 12 • Lesson 15 • • Lesson 16 • Early Development and Status of Plasticulture Goals of Greenhouse Climate Control Soil Properties of Horticultural Crop Cultivation Soilless Cultivation Quality and Harvest of Horticultural Products Biotechnology and Horticulture Greenhouse Tomatoes Low-temperrature effects PartB High-temperrature effects PartA Irrigation(1) PartB Irrigation(2)