科技英语翻译1
► 2)通顺易懂 ► 译文的语言符合译语语法结构及表达习惯,容易为读者所理解和接受。
► A. When a person sees, smells, hears or touches something, then he is perceiving.
2. Cramped(狭窄的) conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.
空间狭窄,旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
3. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.
忠实、通顺(普遍观点)
► 科技英语文章特点:(well-knit structure;tight logic;various styles)结构严谨,逻辑严密,文体多样
1. 科技翻译的标准:准确规范,通顺易懂,简洁明晰 1)准确规范
所谓准确,就是忠实地,不折不扣地传达原文的全部信息内容。 所谓规范,就是译文要符合所涉及的科学技或某个专业领域的专业语言表
实验结果等,而不是介绍这是这些结果,理论或现象是由谁发 明或发现的。
► In this section, a process description and a simplified process flowsheet are given for each DR process to illustrate the types of equipment used and to describe the flow of materials through the plant. The discussion does not mention all the variations of the flowsheet which may exist or the current status of particular plants. In the majority of the DR processes described in this section, natural gas is reformed in a catalyst bed with steam or gaseous reduction products from the reduction reactor. Partial oxidation processes which gasify liquid hydrocarbons, heavy residuals and coal are also discussed. The reformer and partial oxidation gasifier are interchangeable for several of the DR processes.
达规范。 要做到这一点,译者必须充分理解原文所表达的内容,其中包括对原文词
汇,语法,逻辑关系anges if either the speed or the direction changes。
►假如力的大小或方向改变了,速度跟着要变化
►如果(物体运动的)速率和方向有一个发生变 化,则(物体的)运动速度也随之发生变化。
► 当一个人看到某种东西,闻到某种气味,听到某个声音或触到某物时, 他是在察觉。
► 当一个人看到某种东西,闻到某种气味,听到某个声音或触到某物时, 他是在运用感官在感受。
► B. A material object cannot have a speed greater than the speed of light.
► 本部分将介绍直接还原法的工艺过程及简单的工艺流程,以此 来阐述所用的设备和工厂的原料流程。该部分不对可能存在的 所有不同的流程或某些钢铁厂的具体流程进行介绍。在本部分 介绍的多数直接还原法中,天然气是在催化床内与来自还原反 应器的水蒸气或气体还原产物转化而形成的。同时本文也介绍
► 2) 被动语态多 ► 科技英语的主要目的是表达科学发现、科学事实、实验报告
►We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale.
►这里我们将提及两种温度计:华氏表和摄氏 表。
►这里我们将提及两种温标:华氏温标和摄氏 温标。
►Oil and gas will continue to be our chief source of fuel.
equivalent of the source message,first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style” “翻译就是在译语中用最为贴切自然的对等语再现原语的信息——首先是就意义而言,其次是 就风格而言”。
"dynamic equivalence" "He thinks that the traditional principles of translation are mainly oriented toward formal equivalence,which focuses upon producing the formal and stylistic features of the original language and culture.In the new principle,the old focus is shifted from the form to the receptor’S response.Hence,when a translator translates or evaluates,the first element he should keep in mind is:who will be the reader of the translation and can he understand the translation correctly?Then, the goal of translation is to elicit from the TL(target language)reader the same response as that of the source language reader to the original message
term which may be applied to all kinds of style.“qie” calls for a version that is “to be as close to the original style as possible”
Alexander Tytler (1)the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work (2)the style and the manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the
► 为了避免损坏设备的零件,未经许可不得拆卸该设备。 ► 严禁乱拆,以免损坏该设备的零件。
► All living things must, by reason of physiological limitations, die.
► 由于生理上的局限性的原因,一切生物总是要死亡的。 ► 由于生理上的局限,一切生物总是要死亡的。
应该认识到,磁力和电力是不同的
1.2 对译者的要求
1. 英语水平 2. 汉语水平 3. 专业知识 4. 翻译知识 5. 翻译经验
科技英语文体的特点
1. 第三人称句多 2. 被动语态多 3. 专业名词、术语多 4. 非谓语动词多 5. 长句多
► 1)无人称句多 ► 这是由于科技文体的主要目的在于阐述科学事实,科学发现,
► 一个物体不会有一个大于光速的速度。 ► 一个物体的速度绝不会超过光速。
1. Semiconductor devices(半导体装置), called transistors(晶体管), are replacing tubes in many applications.
半导体装置也称为晶体管,在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道,所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
►3)简洁明晰
►简洁明晰是科技问题的特点。同样,在翻译过 程中,译文的简洁明晰也是科技英语翻译的最 基本要求之一。所谓简洁明晰,就是译文要简 洁精练,一目了然,要尽量避免繁琐和不必要 的重复。
► It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts.
和各类说明等,以客观陈述为主,因此科技英语大量使用被 动语态。如:
► It is essential that the overall program strategy be completely mapped out before any of the detailed programming actually begins. The way the programmer can concentrate on the general program logic, without becoming bogged down in the syntactic details of the individual instructions. In fact, this entire process might be repeated several times, with more programming detail added at each stage. Once the overall program strategy has been clearly established, then the syntactic details of the language can be considered. Such an approach is often referred to as ”top-down” programming.
科技英语翻译(1-3章)
科技英语翻译1.1翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
The power unit for driving the machines is a50-hp induction motor.驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices,called transistors,are replacing tubes in many applications.半导体装置也称为晶体管,在许多场合替代电子管。
Cramped conditions means that passengers’legs cannot move around freely.空间狭窄,旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.我们知道,所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts:blade and petiole.双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成:叶片和叶柄。
1.2对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
(直译)All four(outer planets)probably have cores of metals,silicates,and water.这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。
科技英语翻译复习重点(1)
科技英语翻译复习重点(英译汉篇)一、词语意思翻译1.A fastener is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together.(直译法)紧固件是指将两个或多个物体通过机械方法固定在一起的硬件装置。
2.Machinery design is either to formulate an engineering plan for the satisfaction ofa specified need or to solve an engineering problem.(直译法)机械设计的目的是为满足特定需求而绘制工程图纸或解决工程问题。
3.In the1970s,integrated circuit technology and the subsequent creation of microprocessors futher decreased size and cost and further increased speed and reliability of computers.(增词法)20世纪70年代,集成电路技术的发展和后续的微处理器的发明进一步缩小了计算机的尺寸,降低了价格,同时加快了运行速度,提高了可靠性。
4.A power reactor has no need of oil,for the heat generated in the uranium pile is the result of nuclear fission,not of combustion.(增词法)原子动力反应堆不需要油,因为铀堆中所产生的热是核裂变的结果,而不是燃烧的结果。
5.The elementary mechanical components of a machine are termed machine elements.These elements consist of three basic types:structural components, mechanisms,and control components.(省略法)机器的基本机械构件称为机械零件,包括三种基本类型,即:结构构件、机械构件和控制构件。
科技英语翻译ppt(1)
Half a dozen vendors, plus in-house departments at major manufacturers, produced $800 million worth in 2000.
--在2000年,六家专门厂商加上几家大公司的触控产品部门,以同时选用好几种技术”避免了直接在汉语的译 文中使用被动句的情况。
The different technologies may be used in the same applications, although pros and cons lead to prevalent combinations: resistive screens for industrial controls and Palm Pilots; capacitive screens for slot machines; wave screens for ATMs and indoor kiosks.Most people are unaware of the type of screen they are using.
EST WRITITNGS ANALYSIS
1
At Your Fingertips 弹指之间
We use touch screens everywhere: tourist kiosks, automatic teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, industrial controls. Half a dozen vendors, plus inhouse departments at major manufacturers, produced $800 million worth in 2000. The market is growing because the interfaces are easy-to-use, durable and inexpensive.
科技英语课文翻译1-7
参考译文Unit 1课文A石油1油,和煤一样,存在于沉积岩中,而且可能由死去很长时间的生物有机体形成。
含有石油的岩石几乎都来源于海洋,所以形成石油的有机物一定是海洋生物,而不是树木。
2 石油,并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质,而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。
比如浮游生物:大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。
3 有机物的脂肪物质主要由碳氢原子组成,因此并不需要太多的化学变化就可以形成石油。
生物有机体只需在缺氧的条件下沉积到海湾浅水处的淤泥里。
其脂肪不是分解腐烂,而是逐渐积聚,并在深层的淤泥里圈闭起来,进而经过细微的原子重组,最终形成石油。
4 油比水轻,呈液态,会经由上方覆盖的孔隙性岩石向上渗透,在地球上有些地区到达表层,古人将这些表层石油称为沥青、柏油或异庚烷。
在古代和中世纪,这些石油油苗常被看作药品而不是燃料。
5 当然,表层的油苗数量很少。
而石油油藏上方有时覆盖的是非孔隙性岩石。
石油向上渗透抵达该岩石,然后在岩石下方逐渐积聚形成油层。
若在上方的岩石上钻个孔,石油就可以通过该孔向上迁移。
有时压力过大,石油会向高空喷出。
1859年在宾夕法尼亚州,由埃德温·德雷克成功打出第一口井。
6 如果可以发现一个合适的地点(勘探人员已经识别出地下可能圈闭有石油的地层结构),那么就很容易抽取这一液体燃料,这要比派人到地下把大块的固体煤炭砍成小块要容易得多。
而且一旦获得石油,可以通过地上管道运输,而不必像煤一样,由运货车经过繁重的装卸任务来运输。
7 石油便于抽取,易于运输,促进了石油的应用。
石油可以蒸馏成不同的馏分,每种馏分均由特定大小的分子组成,分子越小,该馏分就越容易蒸发。
8 到19世纪下半叶,最重要的石油馏分是由中等大小的分子构成的煤油,它不易蒸发,被用于照明。
9 然而,到19世纪末人们研制出了内燃机。
内燃机是通过在汽缸里将空气与可燃气体混合,产生爆炸来提供动力的。
最便利的可燃气体是汽油——石油的又一馏分,由小分子构成,容易蒸发。
科技英语翻译(1)
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Historically,“three peaks”in translation movements:东汉至唐宋的Buddhism scripture 的翻译、明末清初的科技翻译、鸦片 战争至‘五四“ 的西学翻译。( First Opium War (Britain’s invasion of China, 1840-1842) In terms of scope, quality, and contribution to the development of the nation, the current one is unprecedented.
形象生动,句式简单,强烈的审美意识, 文字生动而感人。
专业术语,正式的客观描述词汇,较长的
名词化结构,客观事实,文字严谨而客观。
2. 与英语口语文体的对比 An old lady who was listening exclaimed: It beats all how folks do things nowadays. When I was a gal, they made a hole in each end of an egg and sucked. A young lady back home from school was explaining. “ Take an egg.” She said, “ and make a perforation in the base and a corresponding one in the apex, then apply the lips to the aperture, and by forcibly inhaling the breath, the shell is entirely discharged of its contents.”
科技英语翻译
科技英语翻译科技英语(English for Science and Technology,简称EST)是从事科学技术活动时所使用的英语,是英语的一种变体(科技文体)。
科技英语自70年代以来引起了人们的广泛关注和研究,目前已发展成为一种重要的英语语体。
本节所讨论的科技英语主要指描述、探讨自然科学各专业的著作、论文、实验报告,科技实用手段(包括仪器、仪表、机械、工具等)的结构描述和操作说明等。
一、科技英语的文体特点科技英语由于其内容、使用域和语篇功能的特殊性,也由于科技工作者长期以来的语言使用习惯,形成了自身的一些特点,使其在许多方面有别于日常英语、文学英语等语体。
这些特点主要表现在词汇和句法两个层面上:(一)词汇层面(1)专业术语多。
专业术语指某一学科领域所特有或专用的语汇,其词义常不为专业外读者所明白,如cryogenics (低温学)、norepinephrine (新肾上腺素)等。
这些专业术语的特点是:a. 词形较长,大多含有源于拉丁语、希腊语和法语的词根、词缀。
这类词语的语义范围较为狭窄,意义较为明确固定,符合科技英语准确明晰的要求。
如:nucleonics (核子学),semisomnus (半昏迷),autoradiography (自动射线照相术),excoriation (表皮脱落)等。
b. 多复合词。
人们常常通过各种构词方法创造出一些复合词来表示科技发展中出现的新事物,如radiophotography (无线电传真),anti-armored fighting vehicle missile(反装甲车导弹)等。
c. 多缩略词。
为使用便利和节省时间,科技英语同经贸英语一样,也有许多缩略词,如cpd (compound化合物),FM (frequency modulation 调频),telesat(telecommunications satellite通讯卫星)等。
(2)准专业术语和词汇多。
科技英语课文句子翻译Unit1-10
Sentence TranslationUnit 1Text A1.However, the volume of business done on the Internet is growing rapidly, as people orderbooks and other products to make money transactions.但是,因特网上的交易数量急速增长,人们从网上购书和其他的产品,进行资金交易。
2.They use them to prowl the Internet, looking for ways to break into computers systems runby banks, telephone companies and even government departments.他们用电脑上网,寻找能够进入银行电脑系统、电话公司的电脑系统、甚至是政府的电脑系统的方式。
3.The first indication of a security breach may be when a customer discovers a fraudulentmoney transaction on a credit card account.当顾客发现信用卡的帐号上出现了来历不明的消费时,这可能就是安全受到了破坏的第一个标志。
4.The use of credit cards to buy things on the Internet converts the issue of Internet securityinto one of general security.用信用卡在网上购物使网络安全变成了大众所普遍关注的安全的一种5.Few people think twice about giving a credit card number over the phone and many areequally careless about what happens to the carbon copy when completing a transaction over the counter.很多人会在电话里随意报出自己的信用卡号码,同样地,也有很多人不留意交易完成后放在银行柜台上的副本。
科技英语翻译1—4
Types of SustainabilityThe four types of sustainability include human, economic, social, and environmental. All four are required to maintain the entirety of life on Earth. Although interconnected, it is important to note the differences of each in terms of its nature and requirements.Types of Sustainability / HumanThe very basic need of human sustainability is good reproductive health and safe childbearing. Those that reproduce have the responsibility of caring for their children, giving them access to proper education, and promoting their health and wellness. At some point, the children should have enough skills and knowledge such that they can sustain their own way of life. It is at that point that they become considered as productive human capital as well as individuals that can go through the process of reproduction and rearing. As long as this process is maintained at a rate that all human systems can support, human sustainability should be no cause for concern.Types of Sustainability / EconomicIn simple terms, economic sustainability is having a set amount of capital for a certain period. Those who consume that capital must also conserve it so that they will continue to enjoy it towards the end of the specified period. This means that we must preserve all our resources as we consume them so that human beings in the future can enjoy them as well. To achieve this, we must regenerate our resources at a rate that is equal to or faster than our consumption.Types of Sustainability / SocialSocial capital is an important aspect of sustainability because it is through communities and civil societies that humankind can easily and inexpensively work together. Without proper levels of social capital, it can easily deplete and violence as well as mistrust can take over. When that happens, societies and everything else that depends on them will be destroyed. Through proper maintenance of and adherence to laws, rules, and values that societies have developed for the common good, social sustainability can be achieved.Types of Sustainability / EnvironmentalEnvironmental sustainability is important because it involves natural resources that human beings need for economic or manufactured capital. Materials taken from nature are used for solutions that address human needs. If nature is depleted faster than it can regenerate, human beings will be left without raw materials.Furthermore, environmental sustainability also involves ensuring that waste emissions are at volumes that nature can handle. If not, all humans and other living things on Earth can be harmed to the point of extinction.可持续性分类四种可持续性包括人类可持续性,经济可持续性,社会可持续性和环境可持续性。
科技英语翻译
第一章概论1.科技英语翻译的概念翻译包括口译和笔译.在笔译中,又可分为科技翻译、文学翻译、政论文翻译和应用文翻译等等.翻译就是“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来".因而,翻译本身并不是一门独立的创造性科学,它既带有创造性,又带有科学性,它是用语言表达的一门艺术,是科学性的再创作。
随着国际学术交流的日益广泛,科技英语已经受到普遍的重视,掌握一些科技英语的翻译技巧是非常必要的。
科技英语(English for Science and Technology,简称EST)。
作为一种重要的英语文体,与非科技英语文体相比,具有词义多、长句多、被动句多、词性转换多、非谓语动词多、专业性强等特点,这些特点都是由科技文献的内容所决定的.因此,科技英语的翻译也有别于其他英语文体的翻译。
2. 科技英语翻译的标准及要求科技英语的语域特征有别于其它语篇体裁。
充分认识和把握好科技英语的语体特征,对于研究科技翻译的标准,从而真正实现翻译中的语际意义转换,达到功能对等具有重要意义.综合以上分析,科技英语翻译的标准及要求可定位于以下几方面。
(一)准确性科技英语由于语场,语旨而决定其翻译也有别于其它翻译形式。
对于一般翻译,译文必须忠实于原文内容。
科技英语翻译除要忠实反映原文内容外,还要确保其信息传递的准确性.科技译文一般不用或很少用"可能",”大概"等模棱两可的修饰语言.因此,准确性是科技英语翻译最重要的标准。
失去了"准确性”,科技翻译就失去了灵魂(许树椿:4MNE)。
要保证科技译文的准确性,译者必须精心研究原文,充分理解原文,然后用准确流畅的译入语表达。
(二)通顺完整性通顺既包括译文的表达,也包括译文的完整.表达是译者在理解原文的基础上,把所理解的东西用另一种语言阐述的过程.这一过程必须在确切理解原文的前提下进行,并且在尽量保持原文表达形式的同时,必须保证译文合乎译入语的规范,行文尽量通顺流畅,简单明了,让读者一看就懂。
科技英语的翻译
动词多倾向于行为动词。时态往往用一般现 在式。
倾向使用被动语态。
大量使用动词的非限定式,即分词、不定式 和动名词。
文体总貌
科技英语的显著特点是重叙事逻辑上的连贯 (coherence)及表达上的明晰(clarity)与畅达 (fluency);避免行文晦涩,坐着避免表露个人感 情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技论文 总是力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情 作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词。科技英语力求平 易、精确,因此尽力避免使用旨在加强语言感染 力和宣传效果的各种修饰词格,忌用夸张、借喻、 讽刺、反诘、双关等修辞手段,以免使读者产生 行文浮华、内容虚饰之感。
词类转换(n-v)
Despite the long-standing availability of effective antibiotics, particularly penicilin, pnemococcal disease continues to take a heavy death toll, particularly among people suffering from other chronic diseases.
Scientists thought that regular orbits of such faint particles were practically nonexistent. The idea has now been rejected by facts.
科学家原来以为这样微弱的粒子实际上是 不存在有规则的轨道的。这种看法现在已 经被事实否定了。
翻译练习
非限定动词
A canning tomato 一种供做罐头的西红柿
Infected children 受到感染的儿童
