关于2011年专四专八考试的几件大事
2011年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Classifications of Cultures Good morning everyone. Today we’ll look at culture, or rather, classifications of cultures. Usually when we deal with different people we deal with them as if we were all members of the same culture. However, it’s possible that people from different cultures have different assumptions about the world. Regarding such important and basic ideas of time, personal space and this is the view of Edward Hall. And Edward Hall is an anthropologist who spent a large part of his life studying American Indians, their culture, their language, but he was different from a lot of other anthropologists who just study one culture. He was interested in the relations between cultures, how cultures interact. What Hall believed is that cultures can be classified by placing them on a continuum, ranging from what he called “high-context” to “low-context”. Okay, what is a high-context culture?A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance. (1)What this means is that in a high-context culture more attention is paid to what’s happening in and around the message than to the message itself. (2)Now, let me give you examples. First, in terms of personal space, generally speaking in a high context culture, because there’s greater dependency on group thinking, people lean toward heavier sensory involvement or closeness to people and they have less respect for privacy, for personal space. (3) If you go into that culture people might stand closer when they’re talking to you, they might touch more and if they’re jostled in a crowd they won’t feel violated. And also, people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language, (4)because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message itself, and part of the context is body language. Second, in terms of time, people in high-context cultures are considered to have what is called a polychronic attitude toward time. Here “poly”means multiple and “chronic”means time. What this means is that they believe people, things, events, have their own time and there can’t be a standard system of time for everything. (5) What this leads them to believe is that you can’temphasize punctuality; things happen when they’re supposed to happen. So there’s a different attitude toward time. There’s no set standard of time. You can’t control time. Everything has its own sense of time. So it’s a culture that pays little attention to time, to clock time. Now, let’s move on to low-context culture. A low-context culture is just the opposite. A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event, or the action is of separate entity, having meaning unto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context. (6)The message, the event, the action have meaning in itself. So what this means in a low-context culture is that people pay more attention to the event itself, rather than to the context which surrounds the event or the message. For example, in terms of personal space again, there’s more emphasis on individuality, so the concept of privacy is very, very important, whereas before as I said in high-context culture they might not even be concerned with privacy or personal space. But, in a low-context culture, there’s a feeling that we each have our own personal space. If you get too close, if you don’t knock on doors before entering, that’s an invasion of privacy. People feel violated. There’s a respect and a desire for privacy. And, you will also see that people might pay less attention to body language, because, as I said, the message is, the message is everything. They’re not going to worry about all the details around it. What you say is the important thing, or what you do is the important thing.(7)Another example of a low-context culture is people’s attitude towards time. In terms of time, I said before there was a “polychronic” sense of time in a high-context culture. What do you think there would be in a low-context culture? “Monochrome,”right. A monochrome sense of time, and by that we mean there is one time, and that concept means that people in a low-context culture believe that there’s one standard of time, and that should be for everything. (8)And so, I’m not willing to hear, “Oh, the traffic was heavy, that’s why I’m late,” or “Oh, 1 slept late. “ People in a low-context culture will be much more upset with lateness, because they feel that everyone should follow the same time. (9)There shouldn’t be all this flexibility with time, and they expect punctuality. And, they look at time as almost a commodity that they use expressions like, “use time,”“to waste time,”“to spend time,” or “time is money.” All of these expressions reinforce the concept that time is actually something you can hold on to. So, what this is all about is that, Hall stresses that, people need to be aware of these different assumptions or concepts about reality. And, he thinks that this has all kind of relevance no matter what you are doing. If you’re in business, negotiations, interpersonal relations, if you’re dealing with people from different cultures in any way, it’s going to affect every part of your life. In any multi-cultural situation, these assumptions need to be taken into account for successful interaction. (10) Okay, today we’ve taken a brief look at Edward Hall’s view of culture, mainly his classification of high or low-context culture with some examples. Next week, we’ll look at some more examples of culture on the continuum between high-context and low-context cultures.Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures. I . High-context culture A.feature—context: more important than the message—meaning 【1】______ 【1】______i. e. moreattention paid to 【2】______than 【2】______to the message itself B. examples—personal space—preference for 【3】______ 【3】______—less respect for privacy/personal space—attention to 【4】______ 【4】______—concept of time —belief in 【5】______interpretations of time 【5】______—no concern for punctuality—no control over time II. Low-context cultureA. feature—message: separate form context—meaning 【6】______ 【6】______B. examples—personal space—desire/respect for individuality/privacy—less attention to body language—more concern for 【7】______ 【7】______—attitude toward time—concept of time: 【8】______ 【8】______—dislike of 【9】______ 【9】______—time seen as commodity III. Conclusionawareness of different cultural assumptions—relevance in work and life e.g. business, negotiation, etc.—【10】______in successful communication 【10】______1．正确答案：in(the)context／surroundings／environment。
2011英语专业八级真题及答案
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)GRADE EIGHTTIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Now, listen to the mini-lecture.Classifications of CulturesAccording to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.I. High-context cultureA. feature- context: more important than the message- meaning: (1)__________i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itselfB. examples- personal space- preference for (3)__________- less respect for privacy / personal space- attention to (4)___________- concept of time- belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time- no concern for punctuality- no control over timeII. Low-context cultureA. feature- message: separate from context- meaning: (6)___________B. examples- personal space- desire / respect for individuality / privacy- less attention to body language- more concern for (7)___________- attitude toward time- concept of time: (8)____________- dislike of (9)_____________- time seen as commodityIII. ConclusionAwareness of different cultural assumptions- relevance in work and lifee.g. business, negotiation, etc.- (10)_____________ in successful communicationSECTION B INTERVIEW/CONVERSATIONIIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now, listen to the interview.1. According to Dr. Harley, what makes language learning more difficult after a certain age?A. Differences between two languages.B. Declining capacity to learn syntax.C. Lack of time available.D. Absence of motivation.2. What does the example of Czech speakers show?A. It's natural for language learners to make errors.B. Differences between languages cause difficulty.C. There exist differences between English and Czech.D. Difficulty stems from either difference or similarity.3. Which of the following methods does NOT advocate speaking?A. The traditional method.B. The audiolingual method.C. The immersion method.D. The direct method.4. Which hypothesis deals with the role of language knowledge in the learning process?A. The acquisition and learning distinction hypothesis.B. The comprehensible input hypothesis.C. The monitor hypothesis.D. The active filter hypothesis.5. Which of the following topics is NOT discussed during the interview?A. Causes of language learning difficulties.B. Differences between mother tongue and a second language.C. Theoretical conceptualization of second language learning.D. Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Greyhound is Britain's largest bus and train operator.B. Currently Greyhound routes in Britain are limited.C. The coach starts from London every hour.D. Passengers are offered a variety of services.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.7. What does the news item say about the fires in Greece?A. Fires only occurred near the Greek capital.B. Fires near the capital caused casualties.C. Fires near the capital were the biggest.D. Fires near the capital were soon under control.8. According to the news, what measure did authorities take to fight the fires?A. Residents were asked to vacate their homes.B. Troops were brought in to help the firefighters.C. Air operations and water drops continued overnight.D. Another six fire engines joined the firefighting operation.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the current decline in the Mexican economy?A. Fewer job opportunities in Mexico.B. Strong ties with the U.S. economy.C. Decline in tourism.D. Decline in tax revenues.10. Drop in remittances from abroad is mainly due to _________.A. declining oil productionB. the outbreak of the H1N1 fluC. the declining GDP in MexicoD. the economic downturn in the U.S.PART II READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AWhenever we could, Joan and I took refuge in the streets of Gibraltar. The Englishman's home is his castle because he has not much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even, after twilight, in the public gardens. The climate, very often, does not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays indoors and creates a cocoon of comfort. That was the way we lived in Leeds.These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. The Gibraltarian home is, typically, a small and crowded apartment up several flights of dark and dirty stairs. In it, one, two or even three old people share a few ill-lit rooms with the young family. Once he has eaten, changed his clothes, embraced his wife, kissed his children and his parents, there is nothing to keep the southern man at home. He hurries out, taking even his breakfast coffee at his local bar. He comes home late for his afternoon meal after an appetitive hour at his café. He sleeps for an hour, dresses, goes out again and stays out until late at night. His wife does not miss him, for she is out, too at the market in the morning and in the afternoon sitting with other mothers, baby-minding in the sun.The usual Gibraltarian home has no sitting-room, living-room or lounge. The parlour of our working-class houses would be an intolerable waste of space. Easy-chairs, sofas and such-like furniture are unknown. There are no bookshelves, because there are no books. Talking and drinking, as well as eating, are done on hard chairs round the dining-table, between a sideboard decorated with the best glasses and an inevitable display cabinet full of family treasures, photographs and souvenirs. The elaborate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the household and of the family. "Hearth and home" makes very little sense in Gibraltar. One's home is one's town or village, and one's hearth is the sunshine.Our northern towns are dormitories with cubicles, by comparison. When we congregate in the churches it used to be, now in the cinema, say, impersonally, or at public meetings, formally we are scarcely ever man to man. Only in our pubs can you find the truly gregarious and communal spirit surviving, and in England even the pubs are divided along class lines.Along this Mediterranean coast, home is only a refuge and a retreat. The people live together in the open air in the street, market-place. Down here, there is a far stronger feeling of community than we had ever known. In crowded and circumscribed Gibraltar, with its complicated inter-marriages, its identity of interests, its surviving sense of siege, one can see and feel an integrated society.To live in a tiny town with all the organization of a state, with Viceroy (总督), Premier, Parliament, Press and Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arm's reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing can be hidden, for better or for worse. One's successes are seen and recognized; one's failures are immediately exposed. Social consciousness is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards good social behaviour, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. Straight from the cynical anonymity of a big city, we luxuriated in its happy personalism. We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection.11. Which of the following best explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the Gibraltarians?A. The family structure.B. Religious belief.C. The climate.D. Eating habit.12. The italicized part in the third paragraph implies that ____________.A. English working-class homes are similar to Gibraltarian onesB. English working-class homes have spacious sitting-roomsC. English working-class homes waste a lot of spaceD. the English working-class parlour is intolerable in Gibraltar13. We learn from the description of the Gibraltarian home that it is _________.A. modernB. luxuriousC. starkD. simple14. There is a much stronger sense of _______ among the Gibraltarians.A. togethernessB. survivalC. identityD. leisure15. According to the passage people in Gibraltar tend to be well-behaved because of the following EXCEPT _______.A. the entirety of the state structureB. constant pressure from the stateC. the small size of the townD. transparency of occurrencesTEXT BFor office innovators, the unrealized dream of the "paperless" office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). Today's office drone is drowning in more paper than ever before.But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales despite a healthy economic scene.Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair."Old habits are hard to break," says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. "There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn't work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness."In the early to mid-1990s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boost paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost.But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005, Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices."We're finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace," says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. "More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form without printing multiple backups."In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workers the primary driver of office paper consumption for the shift in paper usage.The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of "filing" is disappearing from job descriptions. Much of today's data may never leave its original digital format.The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. "All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking, 'We need to learn more about the behavioural aspects of paper use,'" he says. "They had never asked, they'd just assumed that 70 million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth."To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally.Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen.Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against "paperlessness," argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, "The Electronic Piñata (彩罐)," he suggests that the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper.The information industry today is like a huge electronic piñata, composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core," Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust "is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core that produces the crust is far larger and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all."In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, Saffo says, so has video conferencing with its promise of fewer in-person meetings boosting business travel."That's one of the great ironies of the information age," Saffo says. "It's just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet."16. What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph serve?A. It further explains high-tech hubris.B. It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris.C. It offers a cause for high-tech hubris.D. It offers a contrast to high-tech hubris.17. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slowdown in paper sales?A. Workforce with better computer skills.B. Slow growth of the US economy.C. Changing patterns in paper use.D. Changing employment trends.18. The two innovations by Xerox Corp. and Anoto Group feature ________.A. integrated use of paper and digital formB. a shift from paper to digital formC. the use of computer screenD. a new style of writing19. What does the author mean by ''irony of the information age"?A. The dream of the "paperless" office will be realized.B. People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings.C. More digital data use leads to greater paper use.D. Some people are opposed to video-conferencing.20. What is the author's attitude towards "paperlessness"?A. He reviews the situation from different perspectives.B. He agrees with some of the people quoted in the passage.C. He has a preference for digital innovations.D. He thinks airlines benefit most from the digital age.TEXT CWhen George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was "the most class-ridden country under the sun", he was only partly right. Societies have always had their hierarchies, with some group perched at the top. In the Indian state of Bihar the Ranveer Sena, an upper-caste private army, even killed to stay there.By that measure class in Britain hardly seems entrenched (根深蒂固的). But in another way Orwell was right, and continues to be. As a new YouGov poll shows, Britons are surprisingly alert to class — both their own and that of others. And they still think class is sticky. According to the poll, 48% of people aged 30 or over say they expect to end up better off than their parents. But only 28% expect to end up in a different class. More than two-thirds think neither they nor their children will leave the class they were born into.What does this thing that people cannot escape consist of these days? And what do people look at when decoding which class someone belongs to? The most useful identifying markers, according to the poll, are occupation, address, accent and income, in that order. The fact that income comes fourth is revealing: though some of the habits and attitudes that class used to define are more widely spread than they were, class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth.Occupation is the most trusted guide to class, but changes in the labour market have made that harder to read than when Orwell was writing. Manual workers have shrunk along with farming and heavy industry as a proportion of the workforce, while the number of people in white-collar jobs has surged. Despite this striking change, when they were asked to place themselves in a class, Brits in 2006 huddled in much the same categories as they did when they were asked in 1949. So, jobs, which were once a fairly reliable guide to class, have become misleading.A survey conducted earlier this year by Expertian shows how this convergence on similar types of work has blurred class boundaries. Expertian asked people in a number of different jobs to place themselves in the working class or the middle class. Secretaries, waiters and journalists were significantly more likely to think themselves middle-class than accountants, computer programmers or civil servants. Many newwhite-collar jobs offer no more autonomy or better prospects than old blue-collar ones. Yet despite the muddle over what the markers of class are these days, 71% of those polled by YouGov still said they found it very or fairly easy to figure out which class others belong to.In addition to changes in the labour market, two other things have smudged the borders on the class map. First, since 1945 Britain has received large numbers of immigrants who do not fit easily into existing notions of class and may have their own pyramids to scramble up. The flow of new arrivals has increased since the late 1990s, multiplying this effect.Second, barriers to fame have been lowered. Britain's fast-growing ranks of celebrities like David Beckham and his wife Victoria form a kind of parallel aristocracy open to talent, or at least to those who are uninhibited enough to meet the requests of television producers. This too has made definitions more complicated.But many Brits, given the choice, still prefer to identify with the class they were born into rather than that which their jobs or income would suggest. This often entails pretending to be more humble than is actually the case: 22% of white-collar workers told YouGov that they consider themselves working class. Likewise, the Expertian survey found that one in ten adults who call themselves working class are among the richest asset-owners, and that over half a million households which earn more than $191,000 a year say they are working class. Pretending to be grander than income and occupation suggest is rarer, though it happens too.If class no longer describes a clear social, economic or even political status, is it worth paying any attention to? Possibly, yes. It is still in most cases closely correlated with educational attainment and career expectations.21. Why does the author say "...Orwell was right, and continues to be" (Paragraph Two)?A. Because there was stronger class consciousness in India.B. Because more people hope to end up in a higher class.C. Because people expect to gain more wealth than their parents.D. Because Britons are still conscious of their class status.22. ''...class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth" (Paragraph Three) means that ________.A. class is still defined by its own habits and attitudesB. class would refer to something more subtle than moneyC. people from different classes may have the same habits or attitudesD. income is unimportant in determining which class one belongs to23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. White-collar workers would place themselves in a different class.B. People with different jobs may place themselves in the same class.C. Occupation and class are no longer related with each other.D. Changes in the workforce have made it difficult to define class.24. Which of the following is NOT a cause to blur class distinction?A. Notions of class by immigrants.B. Changing trends of employment.C. Easy access to fame.D. Fewer types of work.25. When some successful white-collar workers choose to stay in the working class, it implies that they are _________.A. showing modestyB. showing self-respectC. expressing boastfulnessD. making an understatementTEXT DThe train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man's face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that his brick-coloured hands were constantly performing in a most conscious fashion. From time to time he looked down respectfully at his attire. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber's shop. The glances he devoted to other passengers were furtive and shy.The bride was not pretty, nor was she very young. She wore a dress of blue cashmere, with small reservations of velvet here and there, and with steel buttons abounding. She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves, very stiff, and high. They embarrassed her. It was quite apparent that she had cooked, and that she expected to cook, dutifully. The blushes caused by the careless scrutiny of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see upon this plain, under-class countenance, which was drawn in placid, almost emotionless lines.They were evidently very happy. "Ever been in a parlor-car before?" he asked, smiling with delight."No," she answered; "I never was. It's fine, ain't it?""Great! And then after a while we'll go forward to the dinner, and get a big lay-out. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar.""Oh, do they?" cried the bride. "Charge a dollar? Why, that's too much for us ain't it, Jack?""Nor this trip, anyhow," he answered bravely. "We're going to go the whole thing."Later he explained to her about the trains. "You see, it's a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other; and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times. He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she contemplated the sea-green figured velvet, the shining brass, silver, and glass, the wood that gleamed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze figure sturdily held a support for a separated chamber, and at convenient places on the ceiling were frescos in olive and silver.To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio; this was the environment of their new estate; and the man's face in particular beamed with an elation that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This individual at times surveyed them from afar with an amused and superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it exactly plain to them that they were being bullied. He subtly used all the manners of the most unconquerable kind of snobbery. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and they speedily forgot that infrequently a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive enjoyment. Historically there was supposed to be something infinitely humorous in their situation."We are due in Yellow Sky at 3:42," he said, looking tenderly into her eyes."Oh, are we?" she said, as if she had not been aware of it. To evince (表现出) surprise at her husband's statement was part of her wifely amiability. She took from a pocket a little silver watch; and as she held it before her, and stared at it with a frown of attention, the new husband's face shone."I bought it in San Anton' from a friend of mine," he told her gleefully."It's seventeen minutes past twelve," she said, looking up at him with a kind of shy and clumsy coquetry (调情；卖俏). A passenger, noting this play, grew excessively sardonic, and winked at himself in one of the numerous mirrors.At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest, and also the equanimity (平静), of men who had been forewarned. The pair fell to the lot of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly pilot, his countenance radiant with benevolence. The patronage, entwined with the ordinary deference, was not plain to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape.26. The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour at the beginning of the passage seems to indicate that they had a sense of __________.A. secrecyB. elationC. superiorityD. awkwardness27. Which of the following adjectives best depicts the interior of the coach?B. Luxurious.C. Practical.D. Complex.28. Which of the following best describes the attitude of other people on the train towards the couple?A. They regarded the couple as an object of fun.B. They expressed indifference towards the couple.C. They were very curious about the couple.D. They showed friendliness towards the couple.29. Which of the following contains a metaphor?A. ... like a man waiting in a barber's shop.B. ... his countenance radiant with benevolence.C. ... sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.D. ... as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil.30. We can infer from the last paragraph that in the dining-car ________.A. the waiters were snobbishB. the couple felt ill at easeC. the service was satisfactoryD. the couple enjoyed their dinnerPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGEThere are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.A. Northern IrelandB. Wales。
2011年英语专业八级考试真题及答案-中大网校
2011年英语专业八级考试真题及答案总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：190分PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(1)SECTION A MINl LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture．You will hear the lecture ONCE 0NL Y．While listening，take notes on the important points．Your notes will not be marked，but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture．When the lecture is over，you will be given two minutes to check your notes．and another ten minutes to complete the gal-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE．Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words．Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable．You may refer to your notes while completing the task．Use the blank sheet for note-taking．(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。
(3)根据材料，请在（3）处填上最佳答案。
(4)根据材料，请在（4）处填上最佳答案。
2011俄语八级水平测试细则
2011年全国高校俄语专业八级水平测试组织工作细则2011年全国高校俄语专业八级水平测试定于3月26日上午8:30—11:45在各考点同时进行。
全部考试材料(光盘、答题卡、各项试卷等)按考场、场次分别装袋,并于3月24日前寄到各校测试负责人。
请指派专人保管,保管人要签署《保管试卷责任书》。
请各考点测试负责人提前确认试卷已收到。
考试当天早上由试卷保管人将未拆封的考卷带到考场,当场拆封。
现将考试有关事宜通知如下:一)全部考试在语言实验室进行。
为确保考试顺利进行,请安排熟悉实验室操作的人员掌握放音及录音工作。
二)每个考场须安排两名监考人:主监考人和第二监考人。
三)每位考生考前须准备:2B铅笔、橡皮、黑色水笔。
各考场须自备草稿纸。
四)监考老师根据考生名单核对考生身份证号、学号和姓名,考生入场后将本人身份证和学生证放在课桌右上角备查。
五)八级水平测试笔试部分一律使用机读答题卡。
特别说明如下:1)答题卡共三张(客观题答题卡、翻译答题卡和写作答题卡),三张答题卡须分别填写姓名并填涂考号。
2)翻译和写作的内容务必写在答题区域内,超出答题区域的答案无效。
3)请监考人提醒考生正确填写考号,否则因考生信息错误而无法认定答题人时该项成绩为0分。
4)考生考号和客观题答案须用2B铅笔填涂,考生姓名及其它(翻译、写作)答题内容须用黑色水笔书写,不得使用圆珠笔或铅笔。
请务必将以上(尤其是第三、第五项)要求提前通知考生。
考试的具体实施步骤:拆卷:开始拆密封试卷前监考人一定要向考生展示并宣布:试卷是密封的,并由所有监考人员在试卷袋上写上:“是密封”,并签名。
第一场(90分钟)注意:请认真阅读此部分说明,特别是划线部分内容。
录音的开始和停止均由主控台统一操作。
1.口语表述(10分钟)1)监考人将考试光盘(口语表述光盘)放入主控台卡座,由主控台同时按下放音键和录音键,开始口语表述考试。
考生在听到口语表述题目后,有5分钟准备时间。
注意!考生在各自准备口语表述内容的5分钟时间里,不得摘下耳机,主控台的考试带要继续放音(实际上没有声音);考生磁带的录音也同时继续进行。
2011专业英语八级人文知识总结__2011专八人文知识总结
2011专业英语八级人文知识总结__2011专八人文知识总结黑死病（the Black Death）是指由鼠疫蚤传播的致命的淋巴腺鼠疫是流，行疾病，在14世纪传播了到欧洲。
1348年夏天横扫全英国。
英国的人口在14世纪末从400万锐减至200万。
《大宪章》（Great Charter）是约翰国王（King John）1215年在封建贵族压力下签定的，总共63条，其中最重要的内容是：(1) 未经大议会同意，不得征税；(2) 只有根据国家有关法律才能逮捕、监禁自由人以及剥夺他们的财产；(3) 教会应享受其所有权利且有选举自由；(4) 伦敦和其它城镇应保留其古时的权力和特权；(5) 全国要使用统一的重量和长度度量衡。
大议会（The Great Council）是当今英国议会（BritishParliament）的原型。
1265年，西门德孟福尔召开大议会，各县有两名骑士，各镇有两名市民参加。
大议会发展到后来演变成议会，分为上议院（House of Lords）和下议院（House of Commons）。
其作用是咨询而非决定；也没有选举和政党。
著名的诺曼底征服（The Norman Conquest）发生在1066年。
诺曼底公爵威廉发动了这场战争。
他是前诺曼底公爵罗伯特一世的私生子，也是独生子。
1066年1月，英王爱德华去世，9月，威廉借口爱德华生前曾许其继承英国王位，遂纠集诺曼底贵族和法国各地骑士，在罗马教皇的支持下，率军渡过海峡，在英格兰南部佩文西登陆，入侵英国。
哈斯丁一役，威廉大败英军，不久攻占伦敦，于12月自立为英王，称威廉一世（Willia mⅠ）。
诺曼底征服对于英国历史发展的影响可谓深远。
威廉建立的、他的后继人所保持的强大中央政府，由于这个政府所掌管的军事力量，英国从未再遭侵略。
相反，它还不断地在海外进行军事行动。
文化方面，英国当时现有的文化与诺曼-法国文化得到了水乳交融；大量的新词进入英语，使得英国语言得到了长足发展。
xxxx年专四专八新闻贴5062174746.doc
2011年专四专八新闻贴说明：1、20条左右新闻，（多了你也看不下去）基本涵盖2010年主要且具备考试意义的新闻事件；2、看两遍至三遍左右，关注黑体及中文注释，这些时事词汇会让你回想起当时的一些事件细节；3、无中文注释，若希望得到中文版本，只需按照事件及关键词进行中文新闻搜索即可；4、不要纠结于时间、地点和人物，关注类别、属性和类似新闻的行文方式及词语特点；5、大部分文稿摘自CRI网站，有小部分修改；10-2-27主题：阿富汗自杀式袭击类别：人祸Suicide bombers（自杀炸弹袭击者） have attacked in the heart of the Afghan capital Kabul , triggering a series of explosions and gun battles that killed at least 22 people.The Taliban has claimed responsibility, saying five suicide bombers targeted two residential hotels used by foreign citizens.Among those killed include 4 Indian citizens.The Indian government has condemned the attack, which is the first time the capital Kabul has been attacked since January.UN Secretary-general Ban Ki- moon has also condemned the attack.10-3-7主题：奥巴马推进健康法案类别：外国内政U.S. President Barack Obama has urged（敦促）Congress（国会） to pass his health reform bill, which faces a tough fight on Capitol Hill.In his weekly radio address, Obama said Congress owed the country "an up-or-down vote"（一个直接的投票）on health reform, touting the reform would bring tax credits for small businesses to purchase covering and prevent insurance companies imposing lifetime caps or annual limits to the amount of care people receive.The health reform has divided Congress, with Republicans standing against it in a rock-solid position, making Democratic unity ever more important.10-3-28 主题：中国干旱类别：国内事务Southwest China's Yunnan Province intends to send more migrants（移民，农民工） to work outside the province as severe drought worsens.The provincial government says it will try to increase the number of migrant workers from Yunnan by 500,000 to 800,000 this year.A local government official says the authorities will organize more migrants to work in other parts of the country rather than let them wait at home for water.He adds this will help not only to tackle the drinking water shortages, but also to increase their income.The drought, the worst in 100 years in many parts of Yunnan, has affected over 3 million hectares of crops.10-4-12 主题：波兰总统卡钦斯基坠机身亡类别：空难Polish Health Minister Ewa Kopacz and two other senior officials have arrived in Moscow to help identify bodies of the victims of the presidential plane crash last Saturday.A Polish Foreign Ministry spokesman says two planes are now available for the victims' families.The coffin of Polish president Lech Kaczynski returned to Warsaw Sunday. Tens of thousands of mourners stood along the 10 km route that was taken by the hearse to the presidential palace."We heard it from the radio and it was a shock for us. Because so many people died and the president and his wife and many Polish parliamentarians and important people for us, so it's hard to say."A preliminary analysis of the plane has found that it was working fine when it crashed in western Russia, killing all 96 people on board.10-4-27 主题：冰岛火山爆发类别：自然灾害The European Commission on Tuesday outlined measures to help air industry overcome economic consequences of the volcanic ash crisis（火山灰危机）, which was estimated to be worth up to 2.5 billion euros (3.3 billion U.S. dollars)."We have taken all assessments and valuations of costs from all the different stakeholders and we are working with a number between 1.5 and 2.5 billion euros (2 and 3.3 billion U.S. dollars)," European Union (EU) transport commissioner Siim Kallas told reporters.The EU has been hit last week by an unprecedented crisis with the closure of airspace（机场关闭） due to the volcanic eruption in Iceland, leading to more than 100,000 cancelled flights and more than 10 million passengersunable to travel. Flights have been gradually returning to normal since Wednesday.10-5-3 主题：墨西哥湾原油泄漏类别：环保新闻US President Barack Obama has arrived in Louisiana to assess the damage of the massive oil spill（大量原油泄漏）which is wreaking havoc on the Gulf of Mexico.Obama says the leak could take many days to stop, but is vowing to do everything possible to contain crisis.It's believed around 5000 barrels of oil have been spilling into the Gulf each day since the explosion on a British Petroleum（英国石油公司） rig last week.The spill is threatening the region's ecosystem and fishing industry.10-5-4 主题：世博会类别：国内大事The total number of visitors to the Shanghai Expo has hit 565,000 after its first three days of operation, China's national media reports Tuesday.The pavilions（馆）of the Shanghai Expo welcomed over 132,000 people on May 3, a sharp drop when compared with figures from the previous two days. However, daily attendance（日参观人数） should hit a high on May 4, which is the first standard day of the Shanghai Expo, according to the report.The China pavilion and the U.S. pavilion are the most popular, and all advance tickets for the China pavilion were sold out in five minutes a day before the first standard day. Statistics cited by the Chinanews report reveal that at least 40,000 people will visit the China pavilion on May 4.To reduce any inconvenience caused by the massive influx of tourists on that day, organizers have canceled book selling during the daytime, with nighttime tickets selling between 16:00 and 20:00. The visiting time for nighttime ticket holders begins at 17:00.The media suggests that visitors choose one or two of the most popular pavilions to visit and not miss various nightly performances in Pudong Ceremony Square. That way, they can make good use of the limited time available during the Expo's peak days.10-5-6 主题：希腊骚乱类别：政治动乱Rioting（骚乱） in Greece has left three people dead as protestors set fire to a bank during demonstrations against the country's austeritymeasures（财政紧缩政策）.The victims - two women and a man - were among 20 people working in the bank in central Athens.Around 100 000 people are thought to have marched in capital during the nationwide general strike which grounded flights, shut all services and pulled newscasts off the air.People are angry over government cutbacks which have slashed salaries and pensions, while hiking consumer taxes.10-5-12 主题：利比亚空难类别：人祸（空难）In what many are calling a miracle, a ten year old Dutch boy is the only known survivor of a plane crash at the Tripoli airport in Libya.The boy is now in hospital and is undergoing surgery for broken bones and other non-life threatening injuries.103 people were killed when the Afriqiyah Airways plane crashed as it tried to land. The Royal Dutch Tourism Board says 61 of the dead are tourists from the Netherlands.The Airbus 330's two black boxes（黑匣子）have now been recovered; the plane was arriving from Johannesburg, South Africa when it crashed.10-5-12 主题：布朗辞职类别：领导人更迭British Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced he resigned as prime minister on Tuesday evening.In a statement outside Downing Street No. 10, Brown said he is to resign and suggests that Conservative Party leader David Cameron（新任首相：保守党领袖卡梅隆）should take over as the Labour party failed to reach a deal with Lib Dems.He said: "I wish the next prime minister well as he makes the important choices for the future. Only those who have held the office of prime minister can understand the full weight of its responsibilities and its great capacity for good."Brown said he had "loved the job" and it had been "a privilege to serve." Brown has tendered his resignation to the Queen after which he will be succeeded by Conservative leader David Cameron who arrived at Buckingham Palace later.10-5-15 主题：伊拉克爆炸类别：人祸At least 99 people have died across Iraq in a series of attacks, in what has been the deadliest day in the country this year.The worst attack took place in the city of Hilla: a suicide bomber blew himself up outside a textile factory where a crowd had gathered, after two car bombs had already exploded in the same area.A number of drive by shootings also targeted police and army officials in the capital, Baghdad.The government is blaming al-Qaida （基地组织）for the violence, saying the group is stepping up its attacks to exploit the country's political instability.10-05-19 主题：塔利班袭击驻阿联军类别：冲突Twelve Afghan civilians and six foreign troops have been killed in a Taliban suicide car bomb in Kabul. 47 people have also been wounded. The bomber struck during rush hour traffic close to the country's parliament.Brigadier General Josef Blotz, spokesman for the Nato-led international peacekeeping force Isaf confirmed that six of its soldiers had been killed. "This bomb killed six ISAF（International Security Assistance Force，国际安全援助部队部队，隶属北约） soldier, killed 12 afghan civilians and wounded three ISAF soldiers plus about seventeen Afghan civilians. It destroyed a whole lot of cars and I think this is a very very tragic incident which is very deplorable because... for four, five months we have not had such a tragic incident."The attack was the deadliest strike against foreign troops in the capital since September 2009, when six Italian soldiers were killed by a car bomb.10-5-23 主题：印度空难类别：人祸（空难）A total of 158 passengers and crew members were killed when a state-run Air India Express aircraft, with 166 people on board, overshot a runway （冲出跑到） during landing and crashed near Mangalore airport early Saturday. Eight people survived.Airlines officials said the passengers were all Indians.Indian Secretary of Civil Aviation Madhavan Nambiar said it is too early to speculate on the cause of the Air India plane crash in the southern city of Mangalore.He said the black box of the doomed plane is yet to be found.The Indian government has declared a two-day national mourning after the crash, which is the worst in some 14 years.10-5-29 主题：印度火车相撞类别：人祸（陆地灾难）At least 65 people were killed and over 200 others injured when a freight train hit an express train after the latter derailed following a sabotage （复仇）of the railway tracks by suspected extreme left-wing Naxal rebels in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal early Friday morning, said police.The incident happened at 01:30 a.m. when the Mumbai-bound Howrah-Kurla Lokmanya Tilak Gyaneshwari Super Deluxe Express was running between the Khemasoli and Sardiya stations near Jhargram area in the state.The two trains collided（相撞） after the blast hit the express train and flung five of its 13 derailed coaches into the path of the speeding goods train coming from the opposite direction.West Bengal Police chief Bhupinder Singh told the media in state capital Kolkata that the Naxalites（印共马列或称为纳萨尔派）were behind the incident.10-6-1 主题：国际救援船只遭到以军袭击类别：国际冲突The UN Security Council has held an emergency meeting after 9 people were killed when the Israeli military stormed a flotilla（救援船） of ships carrying aid and pro-Palestinian activists on their way to the blockaded Gaza Strip. Dozens of activists and six Israeli soldiers have also been wounded.There has been worldwide condemnation with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon （秘书长潘基文）calling for a "thorough investigation". Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has expressed regret for the loss of life, but says the soldiers were defending themselves after they were 'clubbed, beaten and stabbed.10-6-5主题：日本新首相类别：领导人更迭Newly-elected Democratic Party of Japan chief Naoto Kan（菅直人）has become Japan's new prime minister after being approved by the Diet. The ruling DPJ had earlier chosen Kan as their new party chief.The 63-year-old former Finance Minister has said his cabinet is likely to be launched on Tuesday.10-07-10 主题：俄罗斯欲交换间谍类别：国际政治According to one of the lawyers representing one of the alleged Russian spies arrested in the US last month, Russia is now trying to work out a spy swap（交换） to free its agents.The swap plans are reportedly said to include an exchange which would include Igor Sutyagin, a Russian nuclear expert sentenced to 15 years in jail for passing secrets to the West.His brother Dmitry Sutyagin says the prisoner may be sent to London. "In fact it meant it was the last farewell, after that they will send Igor tomorrow to Vienna, and from Vienna he will be sent to London. So in the near future we will not be able to see him anymore."No officials from either the Russian or American side have confirmed the possible swap.10-7-11 主题：世界杯类别：体育Spain has won the World Cup for the first time, after it beat the Netherlands in a 1-0 victory in South Africa.Midfielder Andres Iniesta scored the winning goal with four minutes left in extra timeFor the Dutch, it was a heartbreaking defeat, as the team was down to 10 men after John Heitinga was sent off in extra time. This makes for the Netherlands' third loss in a World Cup final-- 1974 and 1978 were the other unlucky years.Meanwhile, South African football fans have been reflecting on what the tournament has meant for their country:"This not about the World Cup only but it is about the countryitself, that we have managed to run the World Cup safely. There where no major incidents that happened. Financially wise, the economy has grown very much, so it going to help a lot of people in that way."the next world cup will be held in Brazil in 2014.10-8-16 主题：北京开始人口普查类别：国内时事Beijing has launched a one-month household registration survey to recount the total number of Beijing residents and provide accurate information for China's once-a-decade census（人口普查）, which begins this November.A total of 100 thousand census officials will collect data by going door-to-door in Beijing in the next 30 days.Experts say that many households do not unregister their deceased family members so they can continue collecting social insurance funds from the government.Also, some children born in violation of the country's "one child" policy have also not be registered.Cai Jun is with the census' Beijing office."After paying the social compensation fees, a child born in violation of the one-child policy can be registered and get a resident permit. The exact amount of fees will be left to family planning bodies at different levels to decide. "Foreigners and residents of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan living in Beijing will also be surveyed for the first time, except for those on short-term business or sightseeing trips.10-8-14 主题：舟曲泥石流灾害类别：自然灾难The death toll in the mudslide in northwest China's Gansu Province has risen to 1,144, with 600 still missing.Nine people were killed and twelve are missing in and around Zhouqu, after overnight downpours triggering new floods and mudslides to the already devastated town.The National Weather Centre has forecast heavy rains in the coming days. One resident says she is worried."Just now, when it was raining, I was a little worried that the same thing as what happened that day when landslide and floods hit the town would happen again. I was a little scared."The mudslides have leveled an area five kilometers long and 300 meters wide. Floodwaters up to three storeys high have submerged half the county. The scale of the disaster has made counting those killed all the more difficult.10-10-14 主题：智利矿工获救类别：国际时事All of the 33 trapped Chilean miners have been pulled to safety and freedom at last, after spending more than two months in a collapsed mine almost three quarters of a kilometer underground.The last one out is shift foreman Luis Urzua, who had been trapped underground for 70 days, the longest survivor of the historic rescue. Before him, no one ever in history has been trapped deep underground for so long and survived.The miners will now spend at least two days in hospital.Chilean President Sebastian Pinera, who was at the rescue scene, promised his government will strive to improve mine workers' safety.10-11-13 主题：中国盗版率下降类别：国内时事The release of the 2009 China Software Piracy Survey shows software piracy occurrence in China has dipped for a fourth consecutive year.The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology says in 2009, the value of pirated software in China accounted for about 130 billion yuan, about the same amount as the previous year. But the revenue of the entire software industry in 2009 stood at more than 950 billion yuan, increasing 25.6% year on year.Experts say software producers like Microsoft have been promoting their products through price-cutting, which has helped bring down piracy.。
2011年英语专八考试真题及答案
2011年英语专八考试真题（影印完整版）2011专八真题阅读理解参考答案（周玉亮版）TEXT A11. A the family structure12. B English working class homes have spacious sitting rooms13. C stark14. A togetherness15. B constant pressure from the stateTEXT B16. A it further explains high-tech hubris17. B slow growth of the US economy18. A integrated the use of paper and the digital form19. C more digital data use leads to greater paper use20. A he review the situation from different perspectivesTEXT C21. D because Britons are still conscious of their class status22. D income is unimportant in determining which class one belongs to23. C Occupation and class are no longer related to each other24. C fewer types of work25. A showing modestyTEXD D26. D awkwardness27. B luxurious28. A they the couple as an object of fun29. C sweeping over the horizon, a precipice30. B the couple feel ill at ease2011专八人文知识真题参考答案（周玉亮版）31. B)英国最北部：Scotland；32. D)第一个到澳洲的人：Dutch；33. A)枫叶之国：Canada；34. B)The Common Sense的作者：Thomas Paine35. D) Virginia Woolf：Novelist；36. C) 历史叙事诗：Epic37. A) 探讨20世纪American Myth的文学作品：The Great Gatsby38. C）探讨语言和思维的学科：Cognitive Lingusitics39. A) 元音和辅音的区别：Obstruction of the air stream;40. C) 推动多种语言使用：Multilingualism2011年专八真题参考答案：改错部分2011年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to settle down and write books.I was the middle child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons, and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. Nevertheless the volume of serious — i.e. seriously intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation._______________________1. grew 后加up2. conscience 改成consciousness3. soon 改成sooner4. the 去掉5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable6. imaginative 改成imaginary7. literal 改成literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加in10. Therefore, 改成Nevertheless2011年专八真题参考答案：汉译英部分2011年专八真题：汉译英原文现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。
2011年专四(TEM4)热点新闻回顾
2011年专四（TEM4）热点新闻回顾分享10-2-27 主题：阿富汗自杀式袭击类别：人祸Suicide bombers（自杀炸弹袭击者） have attacked in the heart of the Afghan capital Kabul , triggering a series of explosions and gun battles that killed at least 22 people.The Taliban has claimed responsibility, saying five suicide bombers targeted two residential hotels used by foreign citizens.Among those killed include 4 Indian citizens.The Indian government has condemned the attack, which is the first time the capital Kabul has been attacked since January.UN Secretary-general Ban Ki- moon has also condemned the attack.10-3-7 主题：奥巴马推进健康法案类别：外国内政U.S. President Barack Obama has urged（敦促） Congress（国会） to pass his health reform bill, which faces a tough fight on Capitol Hill.In his weekly radio address, Obama said Congress owed the country "an up-or-down vote" （一个直接的投票）on health reform, touting the reform would bring tax credits for small businesses to purchase covering and prevent insurance companies imposing lifetime caps or annual limits to the amount of care people receive.The health reform has divided Congress, with Republicans standing against it in a rock-solid position, making Democratic unity ever more important.10-3-28 主题：中国干旱类别：国内事务Southwest China's Yunnan Province intends to send more migrants（移民，农民工） to work outside the province as severe drought worsens.The provincial government says it will try to increase the number of migrant workers from Yunnan by 500,000 to 800,000 this year.A local government official says the authorities will organize more migrants to work in other parts of the country rather than let them wait at home for water.He adds this will help not only to tackle the drinking water shortages, but also to increase their income.The drought, the worst in 100 years in many parts of Yunnan, has affected over 3 million hectares of crops.10-4-12 主题：波兰总统卡钦斯基坠机身亡类别：空难Polish Health Minister Ewa Kopacz and two other senior officials have arrived in Moscow to help identify bodies of the victims of the presidential plane crash last Saturday.A Polish Foreign Ministry spokesman says two planes are now availablefor the victims' families.The coffin of Polish president Lech Kaczynski returned to Warsaw Sunday. Tens of thousands of mourners stood along the 10 km route that was taken by the hearse to the presidential palace."We heard it from the radio and it was a shock for us. Because so many people died and the president and his wife and many Polish parliamentarians and important people for us, so it's hard to say."A preliminary analysis of the plane has found that it was working fine when it crashed in western Russia, killing all 96 people on board.10-4-27 主题：冰岛火山爆发类别：自然灾害The European Commission on Tuesday outlined measures to help air industry overcome economic consequences of the volcanic ash crisis（火山灰危机）, which was estimated to be worth up to 2.5 billion euros (3.3 billion U.S. dollars)."We have taken all assessments and valuations of costs from all the different stakeholders and we are working with a number between 1.5 and 2.5 billion euros (2 and 3.3 billion U.S. dollars)," European Union (EU) transport commissioner Siim Kallas told reporters.The EU has been hit last week by an unprecedented crisis with the closure of airspace（机场关闭） due to the volcanic eruption in Iceland, leading to more than 100,000 cancelled flights and more than 10 million passengers unable to travel. Flights have been gradually returning to normal since Wednesday.10-5-3 主题：墨西哥湾原油泄漏类别：环保新闻US President Barack Obama has arrived in Louisiana to assess the damage of the massive oil spill （大量原油泄漏）which is wreaking havoc on the Gulf of Mexico.Obama says the leak could take many days to stop, but is vowing to do everything possible to contain crisis.It's believed around 5000 barrels of oil have been spilling into the Gulf each day since the explosion on a British Petroleum（英国石油公司） rig last week.The spill is threatening the region's ecosystem and fishing industry.10-5-4 主题：世博会类别：国内大事The total number of visitors to the Shanghai Expo has hit 565,000 after its first three days of operation, China's national media reports Tuesday.The pavilions （馆）of the Shanghai Expo welcomed over 132,000 people on May 3, a sharp drop when compared with figures from the previous two days. However, daily attendance（日参观人数） should hit a high on May 4, which is the first standard day of the Shanghai Expo, according tothe report.The China pavilion and the U.S. pavilion are the most popular, and all advance tickets for the China pavilion were sold out in five minutes a day before the first standard day. Statistics cited by the Chinanews report reveal that at least 40,000 people will visit the China pavilion on May 4.To reduce any inconvenience caused by the massive influx of tourists on that day, organizers have canceled book selling during the daytime, with nighttime tickets selling between 16:00 and 20:00. The visiting time for nighttime ticket holders begins at 17:00.The media suggests that visitors choose one or two of the most popular pavilions to visit and not miss various nightly performances in Pudong Ceremony Square. That way, they can make good use of the limited time available during the Expo's peak days.10-5-6 主题：希腊骚乱类别：政治动乱Rioting （骚乱） in Greece has left three people dead as protestors set fire to a bank during demonstrations against the country's austerity measures（财政紧缩政策）.The victims - two women and a man - were among 20 people working in the bank in central Athens.Around 100 000 people are thought to have marched in capital during the nationwide general strike which grounded flights, shut all services and pulled newscasts off the air.People are angry over government cutbacks which have slashed salaries and pensions, while hiking consumer taxes.10-5-12 主题：利比亚空难类别：人祸（空难）In what many are calling a miracle, a ten year old Dutch boy is the only known survivor of a plane crash at the Tripoli airport in Libya.The boy is now in hospital and is undergoing surgery for broken bones and other non-life threatening injuries.103 people were killed when the Afriqiyah Airways plane crashed as it tried to land. The Royal Dutch Tourism Board says 61 of the dead are tourists from the Netherlands.The Airbus 330's two black boxes （黑匣子）have now been recovered; the plane was arriving from Johannesburg, South Africa when it crashed.10-5-12 主题：布朗辞职类别：领导人更迭British Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced he resigned as prime minister on Tuesday evening.In a statement outside Downing Street No. 10, Brown said he is to resign and suggests that Conservative Party leader David Cameron （新任首相：保守党领袖卡梅隆）should take over as the Labour party failed to reacha deal with Lib Dems.He said: "I wish the next prime minister well as he makes the important choices for the future. Only those who have held the office of prime minister can understand the full weight of its responsibilities and its great capacity for good."Brown said he had "loved the job" and it had been "a privilege to serve." Brown has tendered his resignation to the Queen after which he will be succeeded by Conservative leader David Cameron who arrived at Buckingham Palace later.10-5-15 主题：伊拉克爆炸类别：人祸At least 99 people have died across Iraq in a series of attacks, in what has been the deadliest day in the country this year.The worst attack took place in the city of Hilla: a suicide bomber blew himself up outside a textile factory where a crowd had gathered, after two car bombs had already exploded in the same area.A number of drive by shootings also targeted police and army officials in the capital, Baghdad.The government is blaming al-Qaida （基地组织）for the violence, saying the group is stepping up its attacks to exploit the country's political instability.10-05-19 主题：塔利班袭击驻阿联军类别：冲突Twelve Afghan civilians and six foreign troops have been killed in a Taliban suicide car bomb in Kabul. 47 people have also been wounded. The bomber struck during rush hour traffic close to the country's parliament.Brigadier General Josef Blotz, spokesman for the Nato-led international peacekeeping force Isaf confirmed that six of its soldiers had been killed. "This bomb killed six ISAF（International Security Assistance Force，国际安全援助部队部队，隶属北约） soldier, killed 12 afghan civilians and wounded three ISAF soldiers plus about seventeen Afghan civilians. It destroyed a whole lot of cars and I think this is a very very tragic incident which is very deplorable because... for four, five months we have not had such a tragic incident."The attack was the deadliest strike against foreign troops in the capital since September 2009, when six Italian soldiers were killed by a car bomb.10-5-23 主题：印度空难类别：人祸（空难）A total of 158 passengers and crew members were killed when a state-run Air India Express aircraft, with 166 people on board, overshot a runway （冲出跑到） during landing and crashed near Mangalore airport early Saturday. Eight people survived.Airlines officials said the passengers were all Indians.Indian Secretary of Civil Aviation Madhavan Nambiar said it is too early to speculate on the cause of the Air India plane crash in the southern city of Mangalore.He said the black box of the doomed plane is yet to be found.The Indian government has declared a two-day national mourning after the crash, which is the worst in some 14 years.10-5-29 主题：印度火车相撞类别：人祸（陆地灾难）At least 65 people were killed and over 200 others injured when a freight train hit an express train after the latter derailed following a sabotage （复仇）of the railway tracks by suspected extreme left-wing Naxal rebels in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal early Friday morning, said police.The incident happened at 01:30 a.m. when the Mumbai-bound Howrah-Kurla Lokmanya Tilak Gyaneshwari Super Deluxe Express was running between the Khemasoli and Sardiya stations near Jhargram area in the state.The two trains collided（相撞） after the blast hit the express train and flung five of its 13 derailed coaches into the path of the speeding goods train coming from the opposite direction.West Bengal Police chief Bhupinder Singh told the media in state capital Kolkata that the Naxalites（印共马列或称为纳萨尔派）were behind the incident.10-6-1 主题：国际救援船只遭到以军袭击类别：国际冲突The UN Security Council has held an emergency meeting after 9 people were killed when the Israeli military stormed a flotilla（救援船） of ships carrying aid and pro-Palestinian activists on their way to the blockaded Gaza Strip. Dozens of activists and six Israeli soldiers have also been wounded.There has been worldwide condemnation with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon （秘书长潘基文）calling for a "thorough investigation". Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has expressed regret for the loss of life, but says the soldiers were defending themselves after they were 'clubbed, beaten and stabbed.10-6-5 主题：日本新首相类别：领导人更迭Newly-elected Democratic Party of Japan chief Naoto Kan （菅直人）has become Japan's new prime minister after being approved by the Diet. The ruling DPJ had earlier chosen Kan as their new party chief.The 63-year-old former Finance Minister has said his cabinet is likely to be launched on Tuesday.10-07-10 主题：俄罗斯欲交换间谍类别：国际政治According to one of the lawyers representing one of the alleged Russianspies arrested in the US last month, Russia is now trying to work out a spy swap（交换） to free its agents.The swap plans are reportedly said to include an exchange which would include Igor Sutyagin, a Russian nuclear expert sentenced to 15 years in jail for passing secrets to the West.His brother Dmitry Sutyagin says the prisoner may be sent to London. "In fact it meant it was the last farewell, after that they will send Igor tomorrow to Vienna, and from Vienna he will be sent to London. So in the near future we will not be able to see him anymore."No officials from either the Russian or American side have confirmed the possible swap.10-7-11 主题：世界杯类别：体育Spain has won the World Cup for the first time, after it beat the Netherlands in a 1-0 victory in South Africa.Midfielder Andres Iniesta scored the winning goal with four minutes left in extra timeFor the Dutch, it was a heartbreaking defeat, as the team was down to 10 men after John Heitinga was sent off in extra time. This makes for the Netherlands' third loss in a World Cup final-- 1974 and 1978 were the other unlucky years.Meanwhile, South African football fans have been reflecting on what the tournament has meant for their country:"This not about the World Cup only but it is about the countryitself, that we have managed to run the World Cup safely. There where no major incidents that happened. Financially wise, the economy has grown very much, so it going to help a lot of people in that way."the next world cup will be held in Brazil in 2014.10-8-16 主题：北京开始人口普查类别：国内时事Beijing has launched a one-month household registration survey to recount the total number of Beijing residents and provide accurate information for China's once-a-decade census（人口普查）, which begins this November.A total of 100 thousand census officials will collect data by going door-to-door in Beijing in the next 30 days.Experts say that many households do not unregister their deceased family members so they can continue collecting social insurance funds from the government.Also, some children born in violation of the country's "one child" policy have also not be registered.Cai Jun is with the census' Beijing office."After paying the social compensation fees, a child born in violation of the one-child policy can be registered and get a resident permit. The exact amount of fees will be left to family planning bodies at differentlevels to decide. "Foreigners and residents of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan living in Beijing will also be surveyed for the first time, except for those on short-term business or sightseeing trips.10-8-14 主题：舟曲泥石流灾害类别：自然灾难The death toll in the mudslide in northwest China's Gansu Province has risen to 1,144, with 600 still missing.Nine people were killed and twelve are missing in and around Zhouqu, after overnight downpours triggering new floods and mudslides to the already devastated town.The National Weather Centre has forecast heavy rains in the coming days. One resident says she is worried."Just now, when it was raining, I was a little worried that the same thing as what happened that day when landslide and floods hit the town would happen again. I was a little scared."The mudslides have leveled an area five kilometers long and 300 meters wide. Floodwaters up to three storeys high have submerged half the county. The scale of the disaster has made counting those killed all the more difficult.10-10-14 主题：智利矿工获救类别：国际时事All of the 33 trapped Chilean miners have been pulled to safety and freedom at last, after spending more than two months in a collapsed mine almost three quarters of a kilometer underground.The last one out is shift foreman Luis Urzua, who had been trapped underground for 70 days, the longest survivor of the historic rescue. Before him, no one ever in history has been trapped deep underground for so long and survived.The miners will now spend at least two days in hospital.Chilean President Sebastian Pinera, who was at the rescue scene, promised his government will strive to improve mine workers' safety.10-11-13 主题：中国盗版率下降类别：国内时事The release of the 2009 China Software Piracy Survey shows software piracy occurrence in China has dipped for a fourth consecutive year.The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology says in 2009, the value of pirated software in China accounted for about 130 billion yuan, about the same amount as the previous year. But the revenue of the entire software industry in 2009 stood at more than 950 billion yuan, increasing 25.6% year on year.Experts say software producers like Microsoft have been promoting their products through price-cutting, which has helped bring down piracy.。
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关于2011年专四专八考试的几件大事
作者：佚名来源：新东方
1、关于2011年考试时间及最佳准备周期？
TEM-4 专业四级考试4月第三个周六即11年4月16日
TEM-8 专业八级考试3月第一个周六即11年3月5日
这个秋天和明年寒假，是各位最佳准备时间。
2、关于专四专八考试结构？
TEM-4 专业四级考试
听力部分（30%）：含15%全文听写+5%对话+5%短文+5%新闻
语词部分（25%）：含10%完型+15%词汇语法题
阅读部分（20%）：四篇精读
写作部分（25%）：含10%便条写作+15%作文
TEM-8 专业八级考试
听力部分（20%）：含10%迷你演讲+5%对话+5%新闻
阅读部分（20%）：四篇精读
人文知识部分（10%）：含10道选择题
改错部分（10%）：含10道改错题
翻译部分（20%）：含10%中译英+10%英译中
写作部分（20%）：一篇文章
3、关于专四专八考试中公认最难的题目？
TEM-4 专业四级考试
全文听写：文章（约150词）播放四遍之后，要求你全部写出，连标点符号错误都要扣分
新闻听力：如果你搞不清楚巴以为何冲突，伊拉克为何总有爆炸，穆斯林内部也有纷争……的话，你有麻烦了。
语词部分：要求你辨析四个长的极像但是你都不认识的词汇…TEM-8 专业八级考试
迷你演讲（Mini-Lecture）：1200词的文章，听完一遍（听时可以做笔记）后得到一张被挖去10个空的卷纸，你需要做的是：靠你的笔记，来填那十个空。
问题是：听了，很难同时笔记；记了，但是很难看懂；看懂了，但是发现不是答案……纠结中
人文知识：语言学、英美文学、地理……什么都考，包罗万象。
经典题目：加拿大第二大城市是？
翻译：规定考试时间共计60分钟，你就知道是不是很好做了。
2010年的考题中，你需要将南怀瑾先生的文章：“朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。
朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬。
不然，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在……”翻译成英文
4、什么参考资料比较好？
英美文化概论，新闻听力突破，听写专项训练，翻译技巧实践和理论…最有用的，还是2000-2010年之间的真题。
5、专四专八的考生有专业限制么？
请注意，未必只有英语专业的同学才可以考这个考试，在北外、二外、北语、上外、广外等等外语类院校，非英文专业也可以参加考试。
一些综合性大学也允许大家考，但是要看学校教务处的统一安排。
（注：想要获得更多英语学习资源，请点击新东方英语论坛——）。