秦荻辉,科技英语语法-Non-restrictive Verbs_The Infinitive
科技英语9句子成分的省略
Example
"The experiment (is) designed to test the hypothesis." → "The experiment is
designed to test the hypothesis." (In both sentences, the subject "experiment" and the predicate "designed" are clear, so the linking verb "is" is not necessary.)
01
Ellipsis of predicate
Ellipsis of modal verbs
Summary
When a modal verb is omitted, the meaning of the sentence is still clear, but the emphasis shifts to the subject.
Example: "She is (happy)." - The predicate "happy" is incomplete, with the adverb "very" omitted to complete the meaning.
05
Ellipsis of Adverbials
Ellipsis of time adverbs
04
Ellipsis of complement
Ellipsis of subject complement
Subject complement ellipsis occurs when the subject of a sentence is omitted, but its complement (usually a verb) remains.
[英语学习]科技英语的课件2
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改错练习 1.UASM协议采用了独特的帧结构。 The UASM protocal employs a unique frame structure. 2. 一种正交双循环码M元扩频接收机的性能分析。 Performance analysis of an M-ray spread spectrum receiver using biorthogonal cylic codes. 3. 最后，用这种方法设计了宽带阶梯阻抗变换器。 Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.
练习 3. 输入信号(input signal)太大会引起非线性 失真（nonlinear distortion）。 Nonlinear distortion can be caused by _________________. 4.在计算机中，趋势（tendency）是以（at） 尽可能（as…as possible）高的时钟速率 （clock rate）工作（operate）。 In __ computer, the tendency is to operate at ____________________.
4. 利用状态转移图，系统的安全性得以实现。 With the state-transition diagram, the security probability of the system is obtained. 5. 该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒。 The approach can be applied to the onedimensional potential barrier with an aribitary profile. 6. 我们提出了一种基于牛顿迭代的数值方法。 We propose a numerical method based on Newton’s iterative method.
科技英语NP_1beNP_2句的汉译
第37卷第3期2015年9月上海理工大学学报（社会科学版）Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyVol．37No．3Sept．2015收稿日期：2014－07－23作者简介：方洪民（1966－），男，副研究员。
研究方向：科技翻译。
E-mail ：fhm117@126．com 科技英语NP 1be NP 2句的汉译方洪民，李冠，王彩红，阮刘青（中国水稻研究所科技信息中心，杭州310006）摘要：英语NP 1be NP 2判断句表达主项NP 1、谓项NP 2两个概念外延相容的逻辑语义关系。
表达抽象概念的抽象名词短语赋予NP 1be NP 2句概括、客观和静态表达的句式意义，将抽象名词短语逆转换为具体表达是识解NP 1be NP 2句语义的关键。
NP 1be NP 2句按NP 1、NP 2不同的语义表达，可汉译为“是”字句、及物动词谓语句、不及物动词谓语句、形容词谓语句、主谓谓语句或无主句等多种情况。
通过翻译实例分析，为汉英科技翻译实践中恰当运用NP 1be NP 2句式提供参考依据。
关键词：判断句；名词性谓语判断句；抽象名词；科技翻译；科技英语中图分类号：H 314．3文献标志码：A 文章编号：1009－895X （2015）03－0206－05DOI ：10．13256/j．cnki．jusst．sse．2015．03．002Chinese Translation of the NP 1be NP 2Constructionin English Scientific WritingsFang Hongmin ，Li Guan ，Wang Caihong ，Ｒuan Liuqing（Scientific Information Center ，China National Ｒice Ｒesearch Institute ，Hangzhou 310006，China ）Abstract ：The syntactic construction of NP 1be NP 2in English involves a compatibility relation between the logical extensions of concept NP 1（subject ）and concept NP 2（predicate ）．By using abstract nouns in NP 1and NP 2，this syntactic construction expresses semantic meaning of generalization ，objectivity and static property．A key to better understanding of this syntactic pattern is the back-transformation of abstract nouns to concrete expressions．Depending on the semantic expressions of two nominal phrases NP 1and NP 2，the construction of NP 1be NP 2may be translated into different types of Chinese sentence structure such as “shi ”sentence ，sentence with transitive verbs or intransitive verbs ，sentence with adjective predicate and non-subject-sentence．Keywords ：nominal predicate sentence ；NP 1be NP 2；abstract noun ；translation of scientific English writing ；EST一、概述英语名词性谓语判断句NP 1be NP 2（注：NP ，名词性短语；VP ，动词性短语或小句），以传统语法分析，NP 1作主语、NP 2作表语并与be 类系动词一起构成复合谓语；以逻辑语法分析，NP 1、NP 2分别是判断的主项与谓项，系动词be 是判断联项并确定NP 1、NP 2二者概念外延相容的关系，其外延部分或全部重合［1］，概念NP 1与NP 2是类属或等同的关系。
青泥学术英文语法校对
青泥学术英文语法校对Academic English Grammar Proofreading。
Introduction:In the realm of academic writing, it is crucial to maintain a high standard of English grammar. Accurate grammar not only enhances the clarity and coherence of the content but also reflects the professionalism and credibility of the author. This article aims to provide an overview of common grammar mistakes made by non-native English speakers and offers practical tips for improving academic writing skills.1. Subject-Verb Agreement:One of the most common grammar errors is related to subject-verb agreement. It is essential to ensure that the subject and verb in a sentence agree in number. For example, "The students is studying" should be corrected to "The students are studying."2. Verb Tense Consistency:Maintaining consistent verb tenses throughout the text is crucial for coherence. Shifting between past, present, and future tenses can confuse the reader. It is advisable to choose a specific tense and stick to it unless there is a clear reason to switch. For instance, "She writes an essay yesterday" should be revised to "She wrote an essay yesterday."3. Proper Use of Articles:The correct use of articles (a, an, the) can be challenging for non-native English speakers. It is essential to understand the rules governing their usage. For example, "I saw a interesting movie" should be corrected to "I saw an interesting movie."4. Sentence Structure and Punctuation:Varying sentence structures and effectively using punctuation marks can greatly enhance the readability of academic writing. Long, complex sentences should bebalanced with shorter, concise ones. Additionally, proper use of commas, semicolons, and colons is necessary to indicate pauses, separate ideas, and introduce lists respectively.5. Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases:Prepositions are often misused in academic writing. It is important to choose the correct preposition to convey the intended meaning. For instance, "I am interested on biology" should be revised to "I am interested in biology."6. Pronoun Usage:Pronouns should be used correctly to avoid ambiguity and maintain clarity. Pronouns must agree in number and gender with the noun they replace. For example, "Each student should bring their own textbook" should be revised to "Each student should bring his or her own textbook."7. Parallel Structure:Parallel structure refers to maintaining consistency in sentence construction. When listing items or ideas, it is crucial to ensure that they are presented in a parallel structure. For instance, "She enjoys reading, swimming, and to hike" should be corrected to "She enjoys reading, swimming, and hiking."Conclusion:In conclusion, mastering academic English grammar is essential for effective communication and successful academic writing. By paying attention to subject-verb agreement, verb tense consistency, article usage, sentence structure, prepositions, pronouns, and parallel structure, non-native English speakers can significantly improve their writing skills. It is recommended to seek feedback from peers or utilize grammar-checking tools to further enhance the accuracy and fluency of academic writing. With consistent practice and attention to detail, one can overcome grammar challenges and produce high-quality academic documents.。
科技英语语法_西安电子科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
科技英语语法_西安电子科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.Rapid travel has a ____ greater influence on the human body than we imagine.答案:far2.The standard meter is accurate to about ____.答案:three parts in a billion3.As current passes, the emf（电动势）of a bettery falls ____ rapidity.答案:with4. A comparison of Eq. 4 with Eq. 7 ____ the following relations.答案:leads to5.All forces fall into one or the other of these two classes, ____ will be founduseful later.答案:a fact that6.This company is planning to develop and produce ____ cars and componentsin the country.答案:energy efficient7. Lengths are measured in _____.答案:meters8.This facilitates（便于） ____ the ohmmeter to the unknown resistor.答案:connecting9.The shorter the distance between points A and B, the ____ the error（误差）in this approximation（近似） will be.答案:smaller10.It takes sunlight about 8 minutes ____ the earth.答案:to reach11.There are many advantages of the alternating current（交流电） ____ thedirect current（直流电）.答案:over12.It really makes no difference ____ we use as a standard.答案:what13.____ the title shows, this chapter deals with atomic energy.答案:As14.Among the most noteworthy achievements of the nineteenth century was therealization ____ light consists of electromagnetic（电磁的）waves.答案:that15.It was in 1984 ____ China launched its first communications satellite（通信卫星）.答案:that。
句子成分的略
11
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§9. 2 两个介词共用宾语的情况
汉译英 ＊＊＊ 这位教授（ professor ）在研究（research） 和 应 用 （ application ） 沃 氏 函 数 （ the Walsh Functions ）方面起了积极的作用。
§9. 2 两个介词共用宾语的情况 This professor has played an active role in the research on and the application of the Walsh Functions. 注意介词的用法 Research on Study of
句子的语法点：省略，强调句型，倒装 正是由于存在了这两种独立运载电荷的机制以 及能够精确控制它们，才使得所有结型半导体 器件成为可能。 10
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§9. 2 两个介词共用宾语的情况 Chapter 4 Measurements of, with, and in the Presence of Noise 章节标题 Behavior of and Requirements for Internet Firewalls（防火墙）
§9.1 并列句中的省略 The first condition for equilibrium
（ 平 衡 ） ensures （ 确 保 ） that a body should be in translational （ 平 动 的 ）
equilibrium; the second, that it be in rotational（转动的） equilibrium.
两个介词 It
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西安电子科技大学
精品文档-科技英语(电子类)(第三版)(秦获辉)-第二部分(第十三课)
1. 么……
2. 3. 虑(到)
that is why 这就是……的理由; 这就是为什
much the same way as 与……差不多一样(地) take…into consideration 把……考虑进去; 考
Lesson Thirteen第十三课 Notes to the Text 课文注释
Lesson Thirteen第十三课
Though the electrons move from minus to plus, the electric current is conventionally considered to flow from the positive to the negative terminal.
Lesson Thirteen第十三课
Note also that Req is equal to the resistance for which the voltage across the load is one half of Veq This is useful in situations where the short
Lesson Thirteen第十三课
下面介绍一下某些时间状语从句(由“when, since, while, as, before, after”引导)可以修饰其前面的名词 (这些连词的词义不变)的情况：
Let v0 represent the velocity when t=0. (等效于 at the time t=0.)
Lesson Thirteen第十三课
［11］ 由“for which”开头的这个定语从句是修饰 “the resistance”的。
［12］ 这个“where”为关系副词, 引导定语从句修饰 名词“situations”。
浅析英语非谓语动词的逻辑主语
浅析英语非谓语动词的逻辑主语作者：尹辉来源：《青年文学家》2012年第30期摘要：大学生英语语法学习中，是否能正确快速地把握非谓语动词的逻辑主语，对于能够准确使用非谓语和理解语义非常重要。
掌握好非谓语动词的逻辑主语的各种形式变化才能准确把握句子意思。
Abstract：To master the logical subjects of non-finite forms of verbs is one of the key points in English grammar learning， especially for proper use of non-finite verbs and interpretation of sentence meaning.关键词：非谓语动词形式；逻辑主语；准确把握语义Key words：Non-finite forms of verbs； Logical subject； Grasping the exact meaning作者简介：尹辉，女，毕业于西南交通大学，四川外语学院成都学院教师。
[中图分类号]：H314 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139（2012）-21--01在英语语法中，学生难以掌握和使用的一大类词为“动词”。
通常情况下，语法中的动词根据其在句中的语法作用分为“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”。
“谓语动词”指的是在句中做主谓语，受句子中主语“人称”和“数”的限制，并随时态、语态、情态而发生变化的一类动词。
“非谓语动词”则指的是而一类特殊的动词，它们也具有动词的一切特性，但是不能做主句的谓语，不受句子主语的“人称”“数”的限制。
非谓语动词主要有以下列三种形式出现：动词不定式、动名词、分词（包含现在分词和过去分词）。
非谓语动词在句子中除了不能做主句的谓语外，可以作句子的其他任何成分。
它们的特征也普通名词、形容词与副词一样，可以在句中作定语、主语、状语、宾语、表语、补足语等。
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（锚） a ship with an anchor
.
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§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
D、纯修饰关系（在某些抽象名词后，如： 等等，一般为主动形式） time, purpose, ability, tendency, way, aim,
objective, attempt
The ability to do work is called energy.
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（5③）状构语成固定短语或搭配关系
～ in order to …
too to …
so as to …
～ so as to … ～ such as to …
such as to …
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§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（5③）状构语成固定短语或搭配关系
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（1）主语
④ 被动语态（ “It + ） 主补等 不定式 propose [ +
desire, leave, find,
]+
”
（未知量） It is desired to solve the equation for
the unknown
.
（简化成） It is left as a problem to show that
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（1）主语 ① “It + 系动词 + 表语 + 不定式”
It is possible to (do …) It is necessary to (do …)
“我们能够……” “我们必须……”
是容易的 It is a simple matter to (do …)
（元件） *** This component
is to be
（线性地） chosen so that the transistor operates
linearly
.
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§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（3）表语
*** Suppose that this milliammeter
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（可C扩、展不成定定式语短从语句尾）部的介词与介宾的关系
≈ Will you please give me a sheet of
paper to write on? [ = on which to write on which I can write]
take , require, do, ”
It took us two hours to solve this equation.
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（1）主语
③ “It ） occur +
不+ 不定及式物”（动不词常（见su）ffice,
work,
help,
It suffices to give one example here.
≈ R is the resistance to be measured. [
that will be measured]
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（4）定语 四种②逻不辑定关式系作：定语时与被定词之间存在以下
被动的A，、可主扩谓展关成系定（语可从以句是，主如动上的面，两也例可）以是
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§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（3）表语
*** Feedback control systems are to be found in almost every aspect of our daily environment.
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§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
these equations reduce to
Eq. (2
– 7) when the point lies on the x-axis.
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（2）宾语：注意以下两点。 ① 不定式的被动形式作宾语的情况
These problems deserve to be further studied.
It is of great interest to study the three laws of motion.
It proves convenient to describe the
（电导）. ability to conduct current in terms of
conductance
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
B、动宾关系（可扩展成定语从句）
≈ There are two cases to consider. [
that we shall consider]
≈ We now have four equations to solve.
[ that we shall solve]
to be a sum of functions
.
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（4）定语 够”或①“普将通来不”之定意式。作定语时，往往可表示“能
≈ An ohmmeter is a device to measure
resistance. [ that can measure resistance]
“……
”
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（1）主语
② 及物动词（ ★ “It + ） 宾语 不定式 make + +
take , require, do, ”
8 It takes sunlight about minutes to
reach the earth.
磁场。磁化（magnetize）这些物质需要一个强
西安电子科技大学
第四章 动词非谓语形式
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式
定（、1、1状）普、主通补语不” 定式：其功能有“主、宾、表、 特点：
ⅰ、句子谓语必定为单数第三人称形式
ⅱ、往往可用形式主语“it”的句型
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（1）主语 ① “It + 系动词 + 表语 + 不定式”
The purpose to write this book is to give the reader a brief introduction to electronic computers.
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
D、纯修饰关系（在某些抽象名词后，如： 等等，一般为主动形式） time, purpose, ability, tendency, way, aim,
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
的以任省注何去：形。若式在时句，子作的表主语语的部不分定有式实的意标动志词““tod”o可”
All we need to do is measure the voltage across this resistor.
（函数） What we can do is consider the input
[ = It is worth studying these problems further.]
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（2）宾语：注意以下两点。 ② 一个用形式宾语“it”的常用句型 “主→谓→it→宾补→不定式”
We find it very difficult to solve this problem.
require [use; need] to … sufficient(ly) [enough] to … able to … try to … aim to … act [serve; behave; function] to …
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（1）主语
② 及物动词（ ★ “It + ） 宾语 不定式 make + +
take , require, do, ”
It requires a strong magnetic field to magnetize these substances.
We consider it necessary to make measurements with accuracy.
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（3）表语 特点： ⅰ、主表概念相等 ⅱ、只能是主动形式的不定式 ⅲ、一般只能用“is”，且可译成“是”★
该；[否会则”]是一种将来时形式，译成“将；要；应
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§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（1）主语
② 及物动词（ ★ “It + ） 宾语 不定式 make + +
take , require, do, ”
解这个方程花了我们两个小时。
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（1）主语
② 及物动词（ ★ “It + ） 宾语 不定式 make + +
objective, attempt
（周） （正弦波） We call the time to complete one cycle