【北京科技大学2012年考研专业课真题】法语（二外）2012
【北京科技大学2012年考研专业课真题】单独考试数学2012
北 京 科 技 大 学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 610 试题名称： 单独考试数学 （共3 页） 适用专业： 全校各专业单独考试考生 说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================一、单项选择题（本题8小题，每题4分，满分32） 1. =⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎰⎰--→2020022lim x t x t x dt te dt e （ ）（A ）０． （B ）１. （C ）２． （D ）∞．2. 设)(x f 在),(+∞-∞内由定义, 则下列函数中必为奇函数的是（A ）)(x f y =． （B ）)(x f y -= ． （C ）．)(x f y = （D ）)(2x xf y =． 3. 函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤<-≤<-=312101)(x x x x x f 在1=x 处间断是因为（ ）(A ) )(x f 在1=x 处无定义． (B ))(lim 1x f x -→不存在． (C ) )(lim 1x f x +→不存在． (D ) )(lim 1x f x →不存在. 4. ∑是)(2122y x z +=介于0=z 及2=z 之间的下侧, 则⎰⎰∑-+zdxdy dydz x z )(2=（ ）（A ）π． （B ）π2． （C ）π4． （D ）π8．5. 设幂级数∑∞=1n n n x a 的收敛半径为R )0(+∞<<x ，则∑∞=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛13n nn x a 的收敛半径为 （ ）（A ）3R ． （B ）R3． （C ）R ． （D ）R 3．6. 设L 是由直线1,0==x y 及1=+y x 所围成的三角形的正向边界，则曲线积分⎰=-L ydx xdy 3( )（A ）1． （B ）2． （C ）3． （D ）4．7. 设x x f tan ln )(=, 则=')(x f （ ）(A ) x tan 1． (B ) x 2sin 2． (C )-22tan x ． (D ) x x 2sin cos ．. 8. 设D 是圆域422≤+y x , 则=+⎰⎰dxdy y x D 22（ ）(A ) 38π． (B )316π． (C ) 4π． (D ) π. 二、填空题（本题6小题，每题4分，满分24）9. 设⎰+=3241)(x x t dt x P ，则=')1(P _____．10. )(x f y =由方程03275=--+x x y y 所确定，则曲线)(x f y =在点)0,0(处的 切线斜率k =_____． 11.⎰=++3011dx xx _____． 12.=+⎰⎰102arcsin 2cos 1cos dx x x dy y π _____． 13.=⎰+1012dx e x _____． 14.⎰=dx x x 2cos 2sin _____．三、计算题（本题7小题，每题10分，满分70）15. 求4212+-=x x y 极值和拐点． 16. 设)ln(yzz x =，求dz ． 17. 判定交错级数∑∞=-+-1)1()1(n n n n 的．18. 求由方程0)ln(22=+-xyz xyz xz 所确定的隐函数),(y x z z =在点(1,1)处的全微分．19. 设⎰>+=xx dt t t x f 10,1ln )(，求)1()(xf x f +． 20. 求⎰+dx xx 32)1ln(． 21. 已知)(x g 具有二阶连续导数，且1)0(=g ，又函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=≠-=0,0,c o s )()(x a x x x x g x f确定a 的值使)(x f 在0=x 处连续；(2)求)(x f '；（３）讨论)(x f '在0=x 的连续性．四、应用证明题（本题2小题，每题12分，满分24） 22. 求曲线xy 1=与直线2,4==x x y 围成区域的面积S 绕x 轴旋转所成的旋转体的体积V ．23. 证明：当0>x 时，1)1ln(+<+x xx ．.。
北二外2012年真题回忆版
北二外2012年真题回忆版翻译硕士英语单选题30个（30分）（单词其实都不太难，我看着有种似曾相识的感觉，可就是弄不清意思…）阅读题4篇（40分），共15题，前两篇是选择，每篇5道，后两篇是问答题，前一篇是3道，后一篇2道，反正都是从文中找答案，难度不大。
作文（30分）是关于数字科技改变人的阅读习惯，请围绕应不应该放弃lengthy textbooks and novels in classes 写一篇文章，要求450个单词左右。
二、阅读（15题，40分）1）选择阅读第一篇BBC, Longman, Oxford 三词典新版特点比较，Longman不注重社会文化，BBC以听力新闻为材，适合学习者。
题目不算太难，有1-2题有点儿绕。
第二篇讲警察不像电视上那样潇洒，多数时间在写审犯记录。
题目不难，甚至不到专四水平。
2）简答阅读第三篇讲人类技术需要对自己负责，电脑是世纪伟大发明，带来革命。
前2题简单，第3题不是按阅读顺序出的，又返回到前面了，答案也不太好找；第四篇讲美国自负带来的影响力的衰退。
第1题简单一些，第2题问态度，不太确定对错。
三、作文（1题，30分）作文还是电子技术影响学生阅读，Should students be acquried to read lengthy textbooks and novels in their classes?400字，比往年多一百翻译基础词语翻译（汉译英）15个寿桃，春卷，红楼梦，国有企业，污水处理，国库券，短篇小说，科幻电影，国家外汇储备，综合国力，新闻发布会，扩大内需，海峡两岸关系，温带大陆性气候，义务教育（英译汉）15个，我只记下来13个HIV career , Hubble Space Telescope , CBD , activated carbon , government procurement , deposit-reserve ratio , Gaza strip , general agreement on tariff and trade ,insurance company , retail price , Body Bomb , anti-dumpling measures , Blu-ray disc ,短篇翻译英译汉：1.大意为：美国大学一月份比较忙，递交申请的人数多，纽约大学城五所学校免除学费，还送一台掌上电脑。
北外二外法语真题及答案
2012年243二外法语真题及详解Partie I: Structuregrammaticale et vocabulaire (35 points)moire de master.1.Il est le premier ____ finir son mé(A)de(B)à(C)pour(D) àpropos deté, ____ j’ai encore tropde travail.2. Je ne peux pas prendre les vacances cet é(A) parceque(B) au pointque(C)comme(D) quand3.C’est en septembre prochain ____ Philippe partira pour la France.(A)où(B) quand(C)que(D) pour queParis.refois à4. Je me souviens encore le jour ____ je suis arrivépour la premiè(A)quand(B) où(C)que(D) auquel5. Si tu avais bien suivi mes conseils, tu ____ trouver un travail plusintéressant.(A) auraispu(B) avaispu(C) auraspu(D) aies pules dictionnaires, ____ on a besoin pour traduire cesarticles.6. Voilà(A)desquels(B)dont(C) decela(D) d’oùrêts, qui pense alors ____ del’Etat?7. Si chacun ne pense qu’àses inté(A) auxsiens(B) àce(C) auxleurs(D) àceux8.J’espère ____ une bourse pour aller étudier en France.(A)avoir(B) quej’aurais(C) quej’aurai(D) que j’aieter l’anniversaire de mon 9. Ma mère est contente que toute la famille ____ samedi dernier pourfêpère.(A) aitréuni(B)réu nisse(C) s’estréu nie(D) se soit réunie10．____ veut apprendre l’arabe?(A) Qu’est-cequi(B) Qu’est-ce que(C) Qui est-cequi(D) Qui est-ce quere semaine de juillet.11．- Je passerai mes vacances la premiècette - C’est ____. Vousne pouvez pas les repousser d’une semaine? Nous avons justement àpériodeplusieurs réunions importantes.(A) incorrect(B)regrettable(C)incertain(D) inhumain12.Mesdames, excusez-moi de vous avoir____.(A)dérangé(B)dérangée(C)dérangés(D) dér angées13.Tu peux faire du sport, _____ton médecin te le permette.(A) àmoins que(B) même si(C) si bienque(D) àconditionquee au village oùs’est casséle criminel,il faisait nuit, et on n’a __ vu.14. Quand la police est arrivé(A)rien(B)personne(C)aucun(D) jamaisemalade.15. Je ne peux pas sortir avec vous demain, ______ ma mère est tombé(A)alors(B)ainsi(C) eneffet(D) c’est pourquoi16.Une fois que tu ______, nous pourrons partir.(A) vasdéj eunerjeuné(B) auraisdé(C) déj eunerasjeuné(D) auras dé17.Marie et Anne se sont ______ chaque semaine.(A)téléphoné(B)téléphonée(C)téléphonésléphonées(D) té18.J’ai essayéplusieurs pantalons, mais je n’en ai pris______.(A)pas(B)un(C)rien(D) aucun19. Nous jouions aux cartes _____ Jean-Marc vienne nous chercher pour d?nerensemble dans un restaurant de quartier.(A) pendantquesque(B) aprè(C) depuisque(D) jusqu’àce queparticiper ànotre concours annuel de la 20. Mesdames, Messieurs, j’ai _____ de vous inviter àchanson fran?aise.(A) laconfiance(B) l’honnêteté(C)l’honneur(D) lareconnaissance21.Yao Ming ne joue plus au basket-ball dans NBA, mais les médias _____.(A) parle encoresouvent de lui(B) en parleencore souvent(C) le parleencore souvent(D) y parle encoresouventBeijing, je ne _____ habitue pas.22.Il fait assez sec à(A) melui(C)m ’y (D) me l ’23. Cet e-mail est tr ès important, tu dois donc _____ r épondre avant lasortie du travail. (A) le (B)y (C)la (D) lui24．____ tu fasses, on ne pense pas que tu sois s érieux. (A)Quoique (B) Quoique(C) Quel que soit (D) Quel que25. Demain il y aura une r éunion, _____ le Pr ésident et les directeursparticiperont. (A) àceque (B) àq uoi (C) àl aquelle (D) y26.Seize plus treize font ____. (A) deux centhuit (B) deux cent ethuit (C) deux centshuit (D) vingt-neuf27．- Tu aimes le caf é? - Oui, ____ aimebeaucoup et je veux ____ prendre un peu maintenant. (A)je l ’;le (B) j ’en;le C) j ’en;en (D)je l ’; en28. Le professeur demande que nous _____ tous pr ésents àla r éunion decet apr ès-midi. (A)soyons (B)serons (C)étions (D) serions29.Elle a fini ce travail ____ seule, sans ses amis l ’aient ____. (A) tout;aid é(B) toute;aid é(C) tout;aid ée (D) toute; aid ée 30.Qui t ’a appris ____ faire la cuisine? (A)/ (B)pour (C)à(D) de31.Les Chinois sont tr ès ____àla F êt e du Printemps, la f ête la plus importante de toute l ’ann ée pour eux.(A)passionn és (B)attach és (C) satisfaisants (D) concurrents32.Ils sont tous d ’accord ____ ne pas acheter de voiture. (A)à(B)pour (C)de (D) /33. Je n ’ai pas pu ____àsa proposition, d ’ailleurs, les autres étaienttous de son c?t é. (A)r és ister (B) refuser(D) vaincregion ____ ilvient.34. Quand il parle, il garde encore l’accent de la ré(A)dont(B)où(C)d’où(D) de laquellegion.sbien cette ré35. Le professeur ____ nous avons fait cette recherche conna?t trè(A) àq ui(B)auquel(C) cequi(D) avec quitrous (15 points)Partie II: Exercices à477 millions d’internautes en Chinela fin de mars2011, 37 le nombre de sitesLe 36d’intemautes chinois a atteint 477 millions àlundi un 38dess a grimpéà3,82 millions, a indiquésauprès des autoritéInternet enregistrétélécommunications.lécommunications relevantdu Wang Jianwen,directeur adjoint du Bureau de l’administration des téministèr e de l’Industrie et des Technologies de l’information de Chine, a 39ces chiffres 40 une ation d’un environnement Internet sain.conférence 41la créWang a notéqu’Internet, en 42 développement, est en trainde fa?onner les relations sociales,gale surillée desfraudes, des 43 et des campagnes de publicitél’économie et la culture. L’arrivéconomie de marché.Internet perturbent la communication et l’é44des responsables, la publicitégale émerge lorsque dessociétés ou des 45 recrutent desilléloyal face àla concurrence, tel que?mercenaries d’Internet?afin de prendre un avantage déformer des faits pour des chantages, 46 chercherdes scandals via Internet. fabriquerou dérence, des 47 de 140 sites Internet chinoismajeurs 48 un pacteAu cours de cetteconfégale sur Internetillédes campagnesde publicitéd’autodiscipline,s’engageant à49 ou participer àsous quelque forme que ce soit.Ces sites Internetchinois 50 , , ,, le principal moteur deos .recherche en langue chinoise et lesite de partage de vidé(C)nombre (D)chiffre36．(A)numéro(B)quantité37.(A)tandis que(B)puisque (C)parcontre(D)comme38.(A)fonctionnaire(B)hautfonctionnaire(C)ma?tre(D)ingén ieur39．(A)révélé(B)calculé(C)fait(D)proclamé40.(A)quand (B)lorsd’(C)comme(D)pendantqu’41．(A)pour(B)à(C)de (D)sur42．(A)lent (B)rapide(C)vite(D)longes43.(A)contradictions sociales(B)luttesacharnés forts(D)imagespornographiques(C)bruits trè44.(A)D’après(B)Enface (C)Ac?té(D)Chezs (B)familles (C)individus(D)choses45．(A)privé46.(A)mais(B)ouencore(C)alors (D)cependant47．(A)ma?tres(B)groupes (C)représentants(D)associations(D)avaientsigné48.(A)signaient (B)allaientsigner (C)ont signé49.(A)n’organiser pas (B)nepas organiser (C)ne plus organiser (D)nerien organiser50.(A)luttent contre(B)n’aimentpas tous(C)s’intér essent à(D)comprennenthensionécrite (20 points)Partie III: Comprétravers les couloirsdu temps1. Citéi nterdite/Louvre: un dialogue àcle. L’empereur Qianlonginterdite et le Louvre remonte au 18e sièLe premier contactentre la Citédes commandes d’estampes àLouis XV, 16 planches gravées à(1711-1799)avait adrességalitée t Paris,pour c lébrer les batailles de l’empereur de Chine (1755-1759). Un brefdialogue d’é.un regard croiséde curiositétéabattus, le tremblement desgimes ont éTrois cent ans sesont écoulés, deux anciens rérial deuxGuerres de l’Opium sont loin derrière nous. Un rendez-vous entre l’ancienpalais impéchinois et l’ancienne réde septembre ànovembresidence des souverains fran?ais est organisé2011 en plein centre de Paris.Les deux muséesviennent de finaliser une longue liste d’oeuvres pour l’exposition ?Lesor Louvrere?oit la Citéinterdite ?: 130 chefs-d’oeuvre du patrimoine culturel chinois, dontle trépictural ?Voyage dans le Sud de la Chine de l’Empereur Kangxi (1654-1722) ?.tabli en 2005gréau programme de coopér ation Citéinterdite/Louvre événement estintéL’éedu Louvre ? a étéetrenouveléf in 2010. Au printemps de 2008, l’exposition ?Napoléon et le muséinterdite, attirant 125 000 visiteurs internationaux.accueillie dans les enceintes de la Citéres années une attention accrue auDe l’autre c?té, leLouvre a également accordéces dernièla Chine en particulier.néral et àmondeoriental en gée fran?ais a lancédébut 2009 une version chinoise. Le chinois est devenulaLe site officiel dumusés le fran?ais, l’anglais et le japonais. Bienque le contenu de cette me langue du site, aprèquatrièlection d’une vingtaine de chefs-e par le Louvre, soit beaucoupmoins riche (séversion, autofinancémarche s’explique par une forte augmentation desd’oeuvre) que les trois autresversions, cette déchinois.touristeschinois et par les perspectives prometteuses du marchée du Louvregalement une belle exception pour le muséL’exposition sur la Citéinterdite constitue épartements artistiques ne compte d’objets d’art de la Chine ancienne.dont aucun deshuit déQuestions sur le texte 1:51.Oùse trouve le Louvre ?.(A) Dans l’？le de la Cité(B) En banlieue deParis.(C) Dans Paris.(D) Dans une villede province.interdite et le Louvre ?52.Quand a eu lieu le premier dialogue entre la Cité(A) Il y a quelquedeux cent cinquante ans.(B) Il y a quelquetrois cents ans.(C) Il y a quelquetrois cent cinquante ans.cles.(D) Il y a 18sièvénement a uneinfluence négative dans les relations des deux pays?53. Dans ce texte, quel éinterdite ?.(A) L’exposition ?Le Louvre re?oit la Citée du Louvre ?.(B) L’exposition ?Napoléon et le musé(C) La versionchinoise peu riche du site officiel du Louvre.(D) Les deuxGuerres de l’Opium.54. Quelle est l’attitude du Louvre auxoeuvres chinoises?(A) Il en estcurieux, et il veux engager un dialogue avec la Citéinterdite.plus d’attention aux oeuvres chinoises.(B) Il a accordé(C) Son attention sur les oeuvres chinoises semble moins grande, laversion chinoise peu riche deson site officiel l’atteste.(D) Il nes’intér esse qu’àla peinture ?Voyage dans le Sud de la Chine de l’Empereur Kangxi?.55. Comment peut-on comprendre le dernierparagraphe du texte?interdite, il n’a pas(A) Bien que le Louvre s’intér esse beaucoup aux oeuvres chinoises de la Citéd’objets d’art de la Chine ancienne.encore collectionnéinterdite ? a lieu dans le Louvre, c’est une exception(B) Si l’exposition ?Le Louvre re?oit la Citépour lui, puisque ce seraitimpossible la prochaine fois.un programme de coopér ation, de sorte quele Louvre ne comptees ont signé(C) Les deux muséaucun objet d’art de la Chine ancienne.partements artistiques du Louvre ne compted’objets d’art de la Chine(D) Si aucun des huit déancienne, c’est parce qu’on veux que plus detouristes chinois viennent admirer des oeuvresfran?aises.2.Animaux de compagnie: la France championne d’Europes àleurs animauxIls en sont fous!Crise oblige, les Fran?ais sont de plus en plus attachédecompagnie... Valeur refuge avec la famille, nos petits chiens et chats sont deplus en pluse danschouchoutés, dét aille une écialiséalisée parSantéVet, spétude àpara?tre ce matin rédes animaux.l’assurance pour la santéAvec 61,6 millionsd’animaux de compagnie, la France regroupe la plus grande population dede un chien, un chat, des poissons rougesoul’Unioneuropéenne. Plus d’un foyer sur deux possès les poissons (36,4 millions!), les chats et les chiensarrivent dans le trio de t teun rongeur. Aprèférés des Fran?ais,avec respectivement 10,7 millions et 7,8 millions.des animaux domestiques préposséder auUn quart des foyers fran?aispossèdent au moins un chien, tandis qu’ils sont 27% àpasse celle de chiens.moins unchat. La population de chats, en croissance, déleurs compagnons. C’est ainsiqu’ilsMais surtout, lesFran?ais augmentent les dépenses relatives àleur consacrent 4,5 milliards d’euros, un marchée n constante augmentation,dont 1,5 milliard sonts deréservés àl’achat d’animaux. Parmi les principaux postesde croissance, l’agroalimentaire, prèsente20 000 emplois directs et indirects.deux cinquième des dépenses, reprépenses, sont en forte croissance:lessentent 11% des dédicaux, qui repréL’hygiène et lessoins mére décennie!En quinzedépenses vétérinaires ont ainsi augmentéde 72% au cours de la dernièpar trois, avec destechniques et des spéscialitétémultipliétérinaires a éans, le nombre de vécès des chiens sont les cancersparfois dignes de la santéhumaine. Lesprincipales causes de dérance de vie qui(27%), la vieillesse etles maladies cardiaques (18%). Et avec une espérent plus continued’augmenter, 11 ans pour les chiens et 9 ans pour Ies chats, les animauxrequiède soin.velopper: après le traditionnelsalontérinaires, les offres ne cessent de se déAux c?tés des soinsvéveloppent les massages, des services de gardiennage hautde gamme, voire desde toilettage se déresentant un cimetième unsite représites de rencontres pour des animaux de compagnie et mêson compagnon...!virtuel, pour rendre un dernier hommage àQuestions sur le texte2:56. D’après le texte, laquelle des phrasessuivantes est correcte?(A) En moyenne, àp eu près un Fran?ais possède un animal de compagnie.dent un chien, unchat, des poissons rouges(B) La grande majoritédes familles fran?aises possèou un rongeur.(C) Il y a plus de chiens que de chats en France.(D) Le nombre de chiens et de chats est plus important que celui despoissons rouges.teparmi les animaux de compagnie en France?57. Quelle est la proportion du trio de tê(A) Environ 80%.(B) Environ 85%.(C) Environ 90%.(D) Environ 95%.penses relatives aux animaux de compagnie?58. Quelle est la part la plus importante desdé(A) L’achat d’animaux.(B) L’agroalimentaire.dicaux.(C) L’hygiène et les soins métérinaires.(D) Les soins vé59. Comment la France peut-elle obtenir le titre de championne d’Europedes animaux decompagnie ?de le plusd’animaux.(A) Parce qu’en moyenne, chaque famille fran?aise possè(B) Parce que le nombre total des animaux de compagnie des Fran?aisdépasse celui de chaquepays d’Europe.de un chien, un chat, despoisons rouges ou un(C) Parce que plus d’un foyer sur deux possèrongeur.(D) Parce que les Fran?ais possèd ent plus de poissons rouges que lesautres peoples d’Europe.60. Laquelle des phrases suivantes estincorrecte selon le texte?(A) Les chiens sont surtout morts des cancers en France.(B) Beaucoup de Fran?ais se passionnent pour leurs animaux decompagnie.(C) L’agroalimentaire est un secteur important sur le marchéfran?aisdes animaux de compagnie.resannées.(D) Les salons de toilettage ne marcheraient pas très bien ces dernième (15 points)Partie IV: Thè61．现在大家都会说英语，所以最好再学习另一门外语，比如说法语。
外国语学院二外法语历年考研真题及详解
全国名校外国语学院二外法语历年考研真题及详解（第4版）益星学习网可免费下载题库目录第1章全国名校外国语学院二外法语考研真题分析1.1 二外法语考研真题分析1.2 重点院校二外法语考研真题比较第2章全国名校外国语学院二外法语考研真题及详解1．北京外国语大学二外法语考研真题及详解（2012～2014）2．中国人民大学二外法语考研真题及参考答案（2007）3．对外经济贸易大学二外法语考研真题及详解（2013～2014）4．北京第二外国语学院二外法语考研真题及详解（2012～2013）5．北京航空航天大学二外法语考研真题及详解（2012～2014）6．上海外国语大学二外法语考研真题及参考答案（2006）7．浙江大学二外法语考研真题及参考答案（2008～2009）8．武汉大学二外法语考研真题及详解（2012～2014）9．南京大学二外法语考研真题及详解（2008～2009）10．中山大学二外法语考研真题及详解（2012～2014）11．厦门大学二外法语考研真题及详解（2011～2012）12．四川外国语大学二外法语考研真题及详解（2011～2012）13．四川大学二外法语考研真题及详解（2011）14．南开大学二外法语考研真题及详解（2011～2012）15．天津外国语大学二外法语考研真题及详解（2012～2014）第1章全国名校外国语学院二外法语考研真题分析“二外法语”是全国各院校英语、日语、德语、俄语等外国语专业研究生入学考试科目，考生第二外语为法语。
一般来说，“二外法语”总分为100分，考试时间为3小时。
1.1 二外法语考研真题分析“二外法语”为全国各大院校自主命题，而非全国统考，没有统一的考试大纲，考生在备考“二外法语”时往往目标不明确，定位不准确，所以对各大院校的二外法语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。
分析各大院校的二外法语试题能够为考生准确定位自己的法语水平提供很好的参照，也使考生对“二外法语”考试有一个全面的了解，更加清晰的了解出题者的思路，从而正确地制定出复习方法和学习步骤，使复习具有针对性，使复习的效果更上一层楼。
2012北京科技大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题
北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points,1point each.60minutes)Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on your answer sheet.1.He was frustrated because,although he was adept at making lies sound_______,when telling the truth,he lacked the power to make himself believed.A.convincingB.plausibleC.trueD.logical2.The corporation expects only______increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business.A.modestB.sequentialC.unquestionableD.exaggerated3.The mother said she would______her son washing the dishes if he could finishhis assignment before supper.A.let downB.let aloneC.let offD.let out4.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a1923Edison disc I______at agarage sale.A.trifled withB.scraped throughC.stumbled uponD.thirsted for5.While not______with the colorfully obvious forms of life that are found in atropical rain forest,the desert is host to a surprisingly large number of species.A.endowedB.teemingC.confrontedD.imbued6.Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony,I was unable to attend______such short notice.A.toB.inC.withD.on7.The journalist deprecated the efforts of environmental protection to stopdeforestation,claiming that they had actually______the problem.A.initiatedB.indictedC.acceleratedD.alleviated8.I think your sister is old enough to know______to spend all her money on fancyclothes.A.other thanB.more thanC.rather thanD.better than9.The emotional outburst was quite unusual for him;he is typically one of the most______individuals you could ever meet.A.stoicB.demonstrativeC.extrovertedD.inimical10.Despite her gregariousness,she seems to have been a woman who cherished her______highly.A.integrityB.privacyC.friendshipsD.humility11.To those consumers who are more influenced by style than by performance,the______value of the sports car outweighs its functional flaws.A.pragmaticB.utilitarianC.inexplicableD.aesthetic12.The defendant’s contrite behavior was not an act;he truly felt great______for thecrime of which he was accused.A.apprehensionB.indigenceC.remorseD.bliss13.The fact that even the most traditional European language has______such wordsas“e-mail”seems to indicate that no language is impervious to foreign influences.A.originatedB.prohibitedC.incorporatedD.recounted14.Despite the attempts to depict the stock market as driven by predictable financialprinciples,many investors believe that the price of any security is______.A.valuableB.responsiveC.obscureD.capricious15.A student becomes a thinker only when he or she realizes that most so-called factsare merely______claims,each serving its purpose only temporarily.A.provisionalB.authoritativeC.dramaticD.pedantic16.She approached her homework assignments in such a(an)______way that it isdifficult to believe that she is at the top of her class.A.diligentggardC.adeptD.fanatical17.Because the team had been eliminated from the playoffs,they played with______in their final games,losing by an average of forty points per game.A.fortitudeB.resolutionC.vigorD.apathy18.Those who fear the influence of television deliberately______its persuasivepower,hoping that they might keep knowledge of its potential to effect social change from being widely disseminated.A.underplayB.promoteC.excuseud19.As the employee’s motives were found to be______,no disciplinary action willbe taken against him for the mistake.A.absurdB.benignC.gratuitousD.improvised20.To______people’s hunger for adventures,they came up with many high-techvideo games.A.harmonizeB.enhanceC.nullifyD.appease21.Theories______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminalbehavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds.A.actingB.centeringC.relyingmenting22.Once accepted as an incontrovertible truth,the theory that nine planets revolvearound our sun is now regarded by astronomers as______.A.dubiousB.irrefutableC.universalD.conclusive23.Although based on an actual event,the film lacks verisimilitude:the directorshuffles events and______documentary truth for dramatic power.A.embracesB.exaggeratesC.substitutesD.sacrifices24.The______of the neighborhood is revealed by subtle practices,like the fact thatso many people in the community use the same hand gestures when speaking.A.adaptabilityB.diversityC.cohesivenessD.creativity25.Only if the number of applicants continues to______can the admissioncommittee justify offering more scholarships in order to increase the number of applicants.A.expandB.plummetC.mushroomD.burgeon26.She writes across generational lines,making the past so______that our belief thatthe present is the true focus of experience is undermined.plexB.vividC.mysteriousD.distant27.A common argument claims that in folk art,the artist’s subordination of technicalmastery to intense feeling______the direct communication of emotion to the viewer.A.facilitatesB.neutralizesC.impliesD.represses28.I don’t understand what you’re getting so______about.It’s really not a problem.A.worked outB.worked overC.worked upD.worked against29.The smile on the Monalisa has been the source of much______among arthistorians,who continue to interpret her expression in many different ways.A.assentB.deliberationC.concurrenceD.reconciliation30.The Prime Minister had vetoed the proposal in the past;thus,it came as a surpriseto the public when he______the same law in his most recent speech.A.denouncedB.initiatedC.articulatedD.sanctionedII.Reading Comprehension(40points,2points each.60minutes)Section IDirections:In this section there are three reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneLast week,The Washington Post ran a front-page story that said most stay-at-home moms aren’t S.U.V.—driving,daily yoga-doing,latte-drinking, upper-middle-class women who choose to leave their high-power careers to answer the call to motherhood.Instead,they are disproportionately low-income,non-college educated,young and Hispanic or foreign-born;in other words,they are women whose horizons are greatly limited and for whom the cost of child care,very often,makes work not a workable choice at all.These findings,drawn from a new report by the Census Bureau,really ought to lead us to reframe our public conversations about who mothers are and why they do what they do.It should lead us away from all the moralistic bombast about mothers’“choices”and“priorities”.It should get us thinking less about choice,in fact,and make us focus more on contingencies—the objective conditions that drive women’s lives.And they should propel us to think about the choices that we as a society must make to guarantee that the best possible opportunities are available for all families.The basic finding of this latest report—that the more choices mothers have,the more likely they are to work—has been known,to anyone who’s taken the time to seriously look into the issue.Ever since2003,when Lisa Belkin’s article in The Times magazine about highly privileged and ultra-high-achieving moms—“The Opt-Out Revolution”—was generalized by the news media to claim that mothers overall were choosing to leave the work force in droves,researchers have been revisiting the state of mothers’employment and reaching very similar conclusions.In2007,the sociologists David Cotter,Paula England and Joan Hermsen looked carefully at four decades of employment data and found that women with choices—those with college educations—were overwhelmingly choosing to stay in the work force.The only women“opting out”in any significant numbers were the very richest —those with husbands earning more than$125,000a year—and the very poorest—those with husbands earning less than$23,4000a year.You might say that the movement of the richest women out of the workforce proves that women will,in the best of all possible worlds,go home.But these women often have husbands who,in order to earn those top salaries,work70or80hours a week and travel extensively; someone had to be home.Many left high-powered careers that made similar demands on their time.The alternative narrative—of constricted horizons,not choice—that might have emerged from recent research has never really made it into the mainstream.It just can’t,it seems,find a foothold.“The reason we keep getting this narrative is that there is this deep cultural ambivalence about mothers’employment,”England told me this week.“On the one hand,people believe women should have equal opportunities,but on the other hand, we don’t envision men taking on more child care and housework and,unlike Europe, we don’t seem to be able to envision family-friendly work policies.”Why this matters—and why opening this topic up for discussion is important—is very clear:because our public policy continues to rest upon a fictitious idea, eternally recycled in the media,of mothers’free choices,and not upon the constraints that truly drive their behavior.“If journalism repeatedly frames the wrong problem, then the folks who make public policy may very well deliver the wrong solution,”is how E.J.Graff,the associate director and senior researcher at Brandeis University’s Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism once put it in the Columbia Journalism Review,“If women are happily choosing to stay home with their babies,that’s private decision.But it’s a public policy issue if schools,jobs and other American institutions are structured in ways that make it frustratingly difficult,and sometimes impossible, for parents to manage both their jobs and family responsibilities.”1.What is the significance of the report run by the Census Bureau?A.It changes the images of what mothers are.B.The society should notice the importance of mothers’choices.C.We need talk about what mothers should do rather than the choices they have.D.More attention should be paid to opportunities offered to change women’scurrent lives.2.The phrase“in droves”in Paragraph3means______.A.under stimulationB.in groupsC.driven by conditionsD.none of the above3.The fourth paragraph claims that______.A.the very richest prefer to opt out for the wealth they ownB.demands on time are the only reason for the poorest at homeC.financial affluence leads to the women’s“opting out”D.family responsibility forces women to stay at home4.According to the passage,______is the root cause of women staying at home.A.the mediaB.their own choiceC.the public policyD.school structure5.What is the best title for the passage?A.The Choice of Non-Working WomenB.The Opt-Out Revolution of WomenC.The Objective Condition of WomenD.Women in Employment MarketPassage TwoYou don’t have to be Julian Assange,the man behind WikiLeaks,to think that governments have a nasty habit of abusing their powers of secrecy.Or that,whether governments are corrupt and malign or merely negligent and incompetent,then sunlight is often the best disinfectant.One of the jobs of journalism is to make a grubby nuisance of itself by ferreting out the establishment’s half-truths and embarrassments.And one of the jobs of the courts is to police the press by protecting whistle-blowers while also punishing libel and treachery.But the most recent WikiLeaks dump of diplomatic cables has overturned that order in two ways.First by its sheer volume.When you have not just a handful of documents to release,but more than250,000emails seemingly touching on every file in the State Department,however dusty,you discredit not just one government official or one policy,but an entire way of going about diplomacy.It is too soon to know what effect the leak’s revelations will have.The newspapers have so far published the e-mails piecemeal,and a lot more are to come. Foreign-policy experts are right when they say they have learned little that is radically new.Revelations about the tireless nightlife of Italy’s aging prime minister will surprise no one.Given that hundreds of thousands of people had access to the cables, the sensitive stuff will already be in the hands of many a spy service.But the experts also miss a larger point:they themselves are part of the elite inner-circle that WikiLeaks wants to break open so that Everyman can judge for himself.Perhaps shattering all those taboos might do some good.The public airing of Arab leaders’fears of an Iranian bomb might shake others’complacency about the issue.But any gains will come at a high cost.In a world of WikiLeaks,diplomacy would no longer be possible.The secrecy that WikiLeaks despises is vital to all organizations,including government---and especially in the realm of international relations.Those who pass information to American diplomats,out of self-interest, conviction or goodwill,will be less open now.Some of them,like the Iranian businessman fingered as a friend of America,could face reprisals.In the past,the rights and wrongs of all this could have been determined by public debate,the passage of some legislation and the courts.Not any longer.The second way in which WikiLeaks has overturned the old order is by being beyond jurisdiction. America can and will try to use its laws to protect its secrets.But even if it locks up Bradley Manning,the23-year-old serviceman thought to be behind the leaks,and even if it captures Mr.Assange,the information is out,on a network of computers somewhere in cyberspace.In any case,there will be the other Mannings and other Assanges.You cannot uninvent the technology for copying a State Department’s worth of cables and carting them pretty much anywhere.The only remedy is to manage secrets better.The damage that America’s diplomatic service has suffered is partly the result of sloppy practices.It has now tightened access to the e-mails and the scope to copy them. Sensitive information will have to receive a higher classification.On reading diplomats’dissembling,people may be tempted to sneer.In fact diplomacy’s never-ending private conversation ultimately helps see off war and strife. That conversation will continue.Too many people have too much to gain for it to stop. But it will be less rich,less clear and therefore probably less useful.WikiLeaks claims to want to make the world a better place.It will probably do the reverse.6.Which of the following statements can NOT be learned from the first paragraph?A.Few people think governments tend to abuse their powers of secrecy.B.Ordinary people generally approve of the transparency in the media.C.The journalism has the responsibility to make known the hidden truth.D.The judicature has the duty to maintain the security of the press.7.According to the passage,which is NOT the viewpoint of the author?A.WikiLeaks has released much more information than imagined.B.WikiLeaks has overstepped jurisdiction.C.WikiLeaks has changed the practice of diplomacy in the world.D.WikiLeaks has ushered in a new era in the press.8.Why did the author say in Paragraph3that“Italy’s aging prime minister willsurprise no one”?A.No one is interested in leaders’affairs.B.There have been too many such revelations.C.People have already known the stuff.D.No one believes in the truth of this revelation.9.What is the way to prevent the leak of top secrets?A.To ban WikiLeaks.B.To raise the safety of secrets.C.To change the working environment and practice.D.To remind governments of the threat from WikiLeaks.10.What is the author’s attitude towards WikiLeaks?A.PositiveB.DisapprovalC.ObjectiveD.CynicalPassage ThreeTo many developers of technologies that affect public health or the environment,“risk communication”means persuading the public that the potential risks of such technologies are small and should be ignored.Those who communicate risks in this way seem to believe that lay people do not understand the actual nature of technological risk,and they can cite studies asserting that although people apparently ignore mundane hazards that pose significant danger,they get upset about exotic hazards that pose little chance of death or injury.Because some risk communicators take this persuasive stance,many lay people see“risk communication”as a euphemism for brainwashing done by experts.Since,however,the goal of risk communication should be to enable people to make informed decisions about technological risks,a clear understanding about how the public perceives risk is y people’s definitions of“risk”are more likely to reflect subjective ethical concerns than are experts’y people,for example,tend to perceive a small risk to children as more significant than a large risk to consenting adults who benefit from the risk-cheating technology.However,if asked to rank hazards by the number of annual fatalities,without reference to ethical judgments,lay people provide quite reasonable estimates,demonstrating that they have substantial knowledge about many risks.Although some studies claim to demonstrate that lay people have inappropriate concerns about exotic hazards,these studies often use questionable methods,such as asking lay people to rank risks that are hard to compare.In contrast,a recent study showed that when lay people were given the necessary facts and time,they understood the specific risks of electromagnetic fields produced by high-voltage power transmission well enough to make informed decisions.Risk communication should therefore be based on the principle that people process new information in the context of their existing beliefs.If people know nothing about a topic,they will find messages about that topic incomprehensible.If they have erroneous beliefs,they are likely to misconstrue the messages.Thus, communicators need to know the nature and extent of recipients’knowledge and beliefs in order to design messages that will not be dismissed or misinterpreted.This need was demonstrated in a research project concerning the public’s level of knowledge about risks posed by the presence of radon in the home.Researchers used open-ended interviews and questionnaires to determine what information should be included in their brochure on radon.Subjects who read the researchers’brochure performed significantly better in understanding radon risks than did a control group who read a brochure that was written using a different approach by a government agency.Thus,careful preparation can help risk communicators to produce balanced material that tells people what they need to know to make decisions about technological risks.11.Which of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?A.Risk communicators are addressing the proliferation of complex technologiesthat have increasing impact on public health and safety.B.Risk communicators should assess lay people’s understanding of technologiesto give them the information they need to make reasonable decisions.C.Experts who want to communicate to the public about the possible risks ofcomplex technologies must simplify the message to make it understandable.y people can be unduly influenced by subjective concerns when makingdecisions about technological risks.12.The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the primary purposeof risk communication should be to______.A.explain rather than to persuadeB.promote rather than to justifyC.influence experts rather than to influence lay peopleD.allay people’s fears about mundane hazards rather than exotic hazards13.According to the passage,when risk communicators attempt to communicate withlay people who have mistaken ideas about a particular technology,the latter probably______.A.only partially revise their ideas on the basis of the new informationB.ignore any communication about a technology they consider potentiallydangerousC.interpret the communication differently that the risk communicator hadintendedD.misunderstand the new information and distort it when communicating toother lay people14.It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be more likely than the riskcommunicators discussed in the first paragraph to emphasize______.y people’s tendency to become alarmed about technologies they find strangey people’s tendency to compare risks experts would not think comparableC.the need for lay people to adopt scientists’advice about technological riskD.the impact of lay people’s value systems on their perceptions of risk15.According to the passage,which one of the following about risk communicationdo many lay people believe?A.It focuses excessively on mundane hazards.B.It is a tool used to manipulate the public.C.It is a major cause of inaccuracies in public knowledge about science.D.It most often functions to help people make informed decisions.Section IIDirections:Read the following passage and then answer in COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow the passage.Write your answers in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Passage FourIf you want to see what it takes to set up an entirely new financial center(and what is best avoided),head for Dubai.This tiny,sun-baked patch of sand in the midst of a war-torn and isolated region started with few advantages other than a long tradition as a hub for Middle Eastern trade routes.But over the past few years Dubai had built a new financial center from nothing. Dozens of the world’s leading financial institutions have opened offices in its new financial district,hoping to grab a portion of the$2trillion-plus investment from the Gulf.Some say there is more hype than business,but few big firms are willing to risk missing out.Dealmaking in Dubai centers around The Gate,a cube-shaped structure at the heart of the Dubai International Financial Centre(DIFC).A brainchild of the ruling al-Maktoum family,the DIFC is a tax-free zone for wholesale financial services. Firms licensed for it are not approved to serve the local financial market.The DIFC aims to become the leading wholesale financial centre in the Gulf,offering one-stop shopping for everything from stocks to sukuk bonds,investment banking and insurance.In August the Dubai bourse made a bid for a big stake in OMX,a Scandinavian exchange operator that also sells trading technology to many of the world’s exchanges.Dubai may have generated the biggest splash thus far,but much of the Gulf region has seen a surge of activity in recent years.Record flows of petrodollars have enabled governments in the area to spend billions on infrastructure projects and development.Personal wealth too is growing rapidly.Qatar,Bahrain and Abu Dhabi also have big aspirations for their financial hubs, though they keep a lower profile than Dubai.They,too,are trying to learn from more established financial centers what they must do to achieve the magic mix of transparent regulation,good infrastructure and low or no taxes.Some of the fiercest competition between them is for talent.Most English-speaking professionals have to be imported.Each of the Gulf hubs,though,has its own distinct characteristics.Abu Dhabi is trying to present itself as a more cultured,less congested alternative to neighboring Dubai,and is building a huge Guggenheim museum.Energy-rich Qatar is an important hub for infrastructure finance,with ambitions to develop further business in wealth management,private equity,retail banking and insurance.Bahrain is well established in Islamic banking,but it is facing new competition from London,Kuala Lumpur and other hubs that have caught on to Islamic finance.“If you’ve got one string to your bow and suddenly someone takes it away,you’re in trouble,”says Stuart Pearce of the Qatar Financial Center about Bahrain.Saudi Arabia,by far the biggest economy in the Gulf,is creating a cluster of its own economic zones,including King Abdullah City,which is aimed at foreign investors seeking a presence in the country.Trying to cut down on the number of “Suitcase bankers”who fly in from nearby centers rather than live in the country,the Saudis now require firms working with them to have local business licences.Yet the bulk of the region’s money is still flowing to established financial centre in Europe, America and other parts of Asia.The financial hubs there offer lessons for aspiring centers in other parts of the developing world.Building the confidence of financial markets takes more than new skyscrapers,tax breaks and incentives.The DIFC,for instance,initially suffered from suspicions of government meddling and from a high turnover among senior executives.Trading on its stockmarket remains thin,and the government seems unwilling to float its most successful companies there.Making the desert bloom was never easy.Questions:16.What does the“surge of activity in the Gulf region”in Paragraph4refer to?17.What is the purpose of discussing countries as Qatar and Bahrain in Paragraph5and6?18.What is the implication of Stuart Pearce’s comment in Paragraph6?19.Whom does“suitcase bankers”in Paragraph7refer to?20.What is the main idea of the passage and what is the author’s attitude towards theissue under discussion?III.Writing(30points.60minutes)Weibo,micro-blog or the Chinese Twitter,ranking as the most powerful media outlet in China,has experienced its boom in the last few years,with a dramatic increase of its registration and lions of Chinese people,from governmental officials to celebrities,rush to launch their Weibo,sharing their lives with other people online.Write a composition of about400words about this phenomenon and your opinion about it.北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题一、解释出现在短文中划线的黑体字语词。
(NEW)北京第二外国语学院263二外法语历年考研真题及详解
目 录2000年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2001年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2002年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2003年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2004年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2005年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2006年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2007年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2008年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2009年北京第二外国语学院213二外法语真题及详解2010年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2011年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2012年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2013年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2014年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2015年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2016年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2000年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解Ⅰ. Formez un nom ou un verbe à partir des mots donnés ( 5 points)A. Formez un nom:1) large2) exact3) épais4) faible5) chaudB. Formez un verbe:6) départ7) conseil8) soutien9) accueil10) protection【答案】1) largesse,largeur2) exactitude3) épaisseur4) faiblesse5) chaleur6) partir7) conseiller8) soutenir9) accueillir10) protégerⅡ. Choisissez parmi les mots proposés ( 5 points)1) Eric est partie _____ un beau matin d’hiver.A. parB. enC. Dans【答案】A【解析】句意：埃里克在冬天一个阳光明媚的早晨出发了。
(NEW)北京第二外国语学院263二外法语历年考研真题及详解
目 录2000年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2001年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2002年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2003年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2004年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2005年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2006年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2007年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2008年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解2009年北京第二外国语学院213二外法语真题及详解2010年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2011年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2012年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2013年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2014年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2015年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2016年北京第二外国语学院263二外法语真题及详解2000年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解Ⅰ. Formez un nom ou un verbe à partir des mots donnés ( 5 points)A. Formez un nom:1) large2) exact3) épais4) faible5) chaudB. Formez un verbe:6) départ7) conseil8) soutien9) accueil10) protection【答案】1) largesse,largeur2) exactitude3) épaisseur4) faiblesse5) chaleur6) partir7) conseiller8) soutenir9) accueillir10) protégerⅡ. Choisissez parmi les mots proposés ( 5 points)1) Eric est partie _____ un beau matin d’hiver.A. parB. enC. Dans【答案】A【解析】句意：埃里克在冬天一个阳光明媚的早晨出发了。
北京科技大学综合英语2012年考研专业课初试真题
北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题================================================================================================= ============试题编号： 874 试题名称：综合英语（共 7 页）适用专业：外国语言学与应用语言学英语语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
================================================================================================= ============说明： This paper covers FOUR subjects: (1) A Survey of Great Britain and the United States, (2) British Literature, (3) American Literature, and (4)General Linguistics. You have 180 minutes to complete the whole paper.Please time your pace well.Part I. Survey of Great Britain and the United States (30 points)I. Fill in the blanks:Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished sentence or question four suggested choices marked A, B, C, and D are given. Choose the ONE that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of your choice in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet after the numbers. (10 points)1. Thanksgiving Day is a historical, national and religious holiday that began with the pilgrims. The first was celebrated by the English settlers in __________ on December 13, 1621.A. Plymouth, MassachusettsB. VirginiaC. James TownD. California2. In the early 1960s hope had run high among millions of Americans. Kennedy’s call for a ___________ had inspired many Americans to work to wipe out poverty and end segregation and voting rights abuses,A. New DealB. the Civil Rights ActC. New FrontierD. the Law on Poverty3. Britain is one of the world’s major centers for theatre, and it has some world-famous contemporary playwrights like ____________ whose representative plays include The Caretaker and The Homecoming.A. Tom StoppardB. Harold PinterC. Arnold WeskerD. David Hare4. ___________ is uniquely related to the Crown in that the Sovereign must be a member of that Church, and it is not free to change its form of worship without the consent of Parliament.A. Christian churchB. The Church of IrelandC. Catholic churchD. The Church of England5. The post-war years were not peaceful to England. When Nasser, the Egyptian president, nationalized the Suez Canal in__________, British and French forces invaded Egypt. The action was widely condemned at home and abroad.A. 1960B. 1956C. 1945D. 19326. Under ________, the feudal system in England was established. One feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.A. King EdwardB. King AlfredC. Roman conquestD. William the conqueror7. The three conditions on which the Sino-US diplomatic relation was established are: the U.S.A must withdraw its troops from Taiwan and the Taiwan Straits, end diplomatic relations with Taiwan and cancel ___________.A. the Taiwan Relations ActB. the Mutual Defence TreatyC. American allianceD. Shanghai Communique8. The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was originally in the form of __________, which had little in common with the later officially adopted constitution in 1787.A. Common SenseB. Continental CongressC. the Articles of ConfederationD. Declaration of Independence9. During the last decades of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century, some American writers in their works reported truthfully and objectively the life in the slums. They called themselves naturalists, and _______ who was famous for Sister Carrie and An American Tragedy, was one of the representatives.A. Theodore DreiserB. Jack LondonC. Richard WrightD. Ernest Hemingway10. The 18th century was an age of Enlightenment in America. _________ was aspokesman of it: people still believed that God was the center of the world, but they began to see the importance of man, of reason and order.A. Thomas JeffersonB. Lord CornwallisC. Benjamin FranklinD. George WashingtonII. Answer the following questions in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.(20 points, 5 for each)1. What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain?2. What do you know about James Joyce and his works?3. What were the causes of New Conservatism that led to the election of RonaldReagan as the president?4. Who were the first Americans? How was America discovered by Europeans inthe 15th century?Part II. British Literature (30 points)I. Fill in the blanks:write your answers on your Answer Sheet after the numbers. (8 points)1. The shift in English literature from emphasis on reason to instinct and emotion was intellectually prepared for by a number of thinkers in the later half of the 18th century. One is __________, the French philosopher who is generally regarded as the father of romanticism. Another two are Edmund Burke and Thomas Painer.2. Except for Satan in Paradise lost, the revengeful Heathcliff in __________ has no equal in English literature. His intense love for Catherine and his relentless revenge on his enemy mark him a unique figure.3. In the first two books of ________ the Christian God is described by Satan and his followers as a tyrant, while on the other hand all the fallen angels in council voice unanimously their determination to fight for their freedom and their will to defy tyranny and plot revenge.4. The title of Thackeray’s novel Vanity Fair is taken from John Bunyan’s ________, in which the protagonist Christian passes a Vanity Fair, where all sorts of vanity are sold.5. Although the novel was the predominating genre of literature in the _______age, there were still some prominent romantic poets like Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning.6. The works by the Bronte sisters are marked by a new concept of women as heroines of vital strength and passionate feelings. In Jane Eyre, it is Jane’s rebelliousness, her dislike for servility, and her insistence on _______ that make the book unique.7. As the last important novelist of the Victorian age, Hardy was ______ in his view of life. His philosophy was that every thing in the universe is determined by the Immanent Will, which is hostile towards human beings’ desire for joy.8. In the last thirty year of the 16th century there was a flourishing of drama which England had never seen before. Several predecessors to Shakespeare were called University Wits, among whom the most prominent was Christopher Marlowe, who was famous for ____________.II. Identify the title of the work of the following excerpts: write the titles of the works on your Answer Sheet. (10 points)1. Earth has not anything to show more fair:Dull would he be of soul who could pass byA sight so touching in its majesty…2. Jimmy: God, how I hate Sundays! It’s always so depressing, always the same. Wenever seem to get any further, do we? Always the same ritual. Reading thepapers, drinking tea, ironing. A few more hours, and another week gone. 3. The isles of Greece, the isles of Greece!Where burning Sappho loved and sung,Where grew the arts of war and peace,Where Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung!4. Old Mrs. Linton paid us several visits, to be sure, and set things to rights, and scolded and ordered us all; and when Catherine was convalescent, she insisted on conveying her to Thrushcross Grange: for which deliverance we were very grateful.5. To record of Mr Dombey that he was not in his way affected by this news (his wife is dying), would be to do him an injustice. He was not a man of whom it could properly be said that he was ever startled, or shocked ….6. On nothing per annum, then, and during a course of some two of three years, of which we can afford to give but a very brief history, Crawley and his wife lived very happily and comfortably at Paris. It was in this period that he quitted the Guards, and sold out of the army.7. Go, and catch a falling star,Get with child a mandrake root,Tell me, where all past years are,Or who cleft the Devil’s foot…8. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.9. I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children. Infant’s flesh will be in season throughout the year....10. She speaks, yet she says nothing. What of that?Her eye discourses: I will answer it.I am too bold, ‘tis not me she speaks.III. Answer the question concerning the following paragraph from The Merchant of Venice: write your answers on your Answer Sheet. (12 points)The quality of mercy is not strain’d,It droppeth as the gentle rain from heavenUpon the place beneath: it is twice bless’d;It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes:‘Tis mightiest in the mightiest; it becomesThe throned monarch better than his crown;His sceptre shows the force of temporal power,The attribute to awe and majesty,Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kingsBut mercy is above this sceptral sway:It is enthroned in the hearts of kings,And earthly power doth then show likest God’sWhen mercy seasons justice.Question: Paraphrase the lines above. (Pay special attention to the words and phrases underlined.)Part III. American Literature (30 points)I. Fill in the blanks:write your answers on your Answer Sheet after the numbers.(10 points)1. Culminated around the 1840s, from Jefferson’s death in 1826 to the Civil War in 1861, was the age of the literary giants. They developed the new national literature of America founded by__________ and______________.2. With open, fluid and long lines sweeping across the pages, ______ wrote in his poems about all kinds of things, the ants, leaves, our hearing and even breathing, expressing his love of life and philosophy about life particularly in the image of grass.3. Name two fiction writers in the first part of 19th c American literature:____________, ___________.4. The 1920s was another golden age of American literature, which boasted of a number of great writers. Among them, ________ is regarded as the spokesman of the Lost Generation; ____________ as an active participant of the Jazz Age, and ____________ as a representative of the Harlem renaissance.5. With _________ as his representative work, and depicting sympathetically about the poor, oppressed California farmers, migrants, and laborers, John Steinbeck is recognized as the foremost writer of the Great Depression in America.6. The 1960s are remembered as a time of widespread social disturbances in America. In the South, ________ organized the black Civil Rights Movement, demanding fully equal treatment for blacks under the law.II. Identify the title of the work of the following excerpts: write the titles of the works on your Answer Sheet. (8 points)1. To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But ifa man would be alone, let him look at the stars.2. And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sittingOn the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;3. A child said what is grass? fetching it to me with full hands,How could I answer the child? I do not know what it is any more than he.I guess it must be the flag of my disposition, out of hopeful green stuff woven.4. A Slave Warehouse! Perhaps some of my readers conjure up horrible visions ofsuch a place. They fancy some foul, obscure den, some horrible Tartarus“informis, ingens, cui lumen ademptum.” But no, innocent friend! In these days men have learned the art of sinning expertly and genteelly ….5. “Miss Watson your runaway nigger Jim is down here two mile below Pikesville and Mr. Phelps has got him and he will give him up for the reward if you send.”6. When Caroline Meeber boarded the afternoon train for Chicago, her total outfit consisted of a small trunk,…It was in August, 1889. She was eighteen years of age, bright, timid, and full of illusions of ignorance and youth.7. Down, down, he swam till his arms and legs grew tired and hardly moved… This hurt was not death, was the thought that oscillated through his reeling consciousness. Death did not hurt. It was life, the pangs of life, this awful, suffocating feeling; it was the last blow life could deal him.8. My long two-pointed ladder’s sticking through a treeToward heaven still,And there’s a barrel that I didn’t fillBeside it, and there may be two or threeApples I didn’t pick upon some bough.III. Essay questions: write your answers on your Answer Sheet. (12 points)Read the except from Hemingway’s “In Another Country”, a story about the First World War, and then answer the questions.We all had the same medals…. The boys at first were very polite about my medals and asked me what I had done to get them. I showed them the papers …. After that their manner changed a little toward me, although I was their friend against outsiders. I was a friend, but I was never really one of them after they had read the citations, because it had been different with them and they had done very different things to get their medals. I had been wounded, it was true; but we all knew that being wounded, after all, was really an accident. I was never ashamed of the ribbons, though, and sometimes, after the cocktail hour, I would imagine myself having done all the things they had done to get their medals; but walking home at night through the empty streets with the cold wind and all the shops closed, trying to keep near the street lights, I knew that Ì would never have done such things, and I was very much afraid to die, and often lay in bed at night by myself, afraid to die and wondering how I would be when back to the front again.The three with the medals were like hunting-hawks; and I was not a hawk, although I might seem a hawk to those who had never hunted; they, the three, knew better and so we drifted apart.Questions:1. What kind of writer is Hemingway?2. How different are the metals of the boys and the narrator? And what differentcourage is depicted in the paragraph here through the images of the three boys and the speaker? How can you understand the image of hawks in the secondparagraph?Part IV General Linguistics (60 points)Part I Define the following linguistic terms in your own words (20 points, 4 points each).1.Metalanguage2.Allophones3.Inflection4.The referential theory5.The illocutionary actPart II Finish the following according to the requirements for each (15 points, 5 points each):1.What is macrolinguistics? List no less than three branches of macrolinguistics anddefine them briefly.2. Discuss the difference between DEEP and SURFACE structures.3. What is the difference between sense and reference? Use specific examples toillustrate three kinds of sense relations.Part III Provide as much information as you know about each of the following topics (25 points, 12.5 points each).1.What are the central notions Halliday’s systemic functional grammar?2. What is the theory of conversational implicature? Discuss the characteristics ofimplicature.。
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【北京科技大学2012年考研专业课真题】法语（二外）2012北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题====================================== ========================================= ============================== 试题编号： 246 试题名称：法语二外（共7 页）适用专业：外国语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
====================================== ========================================= ==============================I.Choisissez le mot de chaque groupe qui se prononce différemment : (10’ : 1*10)1. A. en B. cent C. examen D. entrer2. A. ancien B. année C. dans D. plante3. A. car B. ces C. Caen D. cou4. A. dinde B. dent C. pain D. Reims5. A. Gare B. Guy C. Glace D.Geai6. A. jeu B. Europe C. jeudi D. heure7. A. respect B. direct C. intact D. indirect8. A. moins B. moine C. coin D. soin9. A. chien B. chat C. Christine D. Chine10.A. achetez B. vendredi C. mener D. leverII.C hoisissez la bonne réponse : (15’ : 0.5*30)1.V oici barbe grise.A.de laB. unC. laD. une2.Il n’y a pas ascenseur dans ce batiment, c’est ennuyeux.A.de l’B. d’C. duD. /3.On arrive à tout de la patience.A.malgréB. avecC. sansD. par4.Les Fran?ais sont fiers leur cuisine.A.àB. deC. enD. sur5.Ma petite, tu es encore jeune comprendre cela.A.assez ; pourB. tellement ; queC. si ; pourD. trop ; pour6.Marie a eu répéter, personne ne voulait l’entendre.A.beauB. belleC. bonneD. bien7.Je voudrais passer mes vacances France, pas Japon.A.en ; enB. au ; enC. en ; auD. au ; au8.Les voitures viennent de les c?tés.A.tousB. toutesC. mesD. ces9.Appelez- dans une heures.A.luiB. leurC. toiD. moi10.Ces pommes co?tent 10 yuans kilo.A.parB. chaqueC. unD. le11.–Où sont mes clés ?-sont dans votre sac.A.Les tiennesB. Les tiensC. Les miennesD. Les v?tres12.Elles portent des robes .A.bleues clairesB. bleus clairsC. bleue claireD. bleu clair13.Le fran?ais est la langue officielle dans bien pays africains.A.lesB. desC. deD. du14.Elles sont parties pour la France une belle matinée d’été.A.dansB. enC. sousD. par15.Elles de gros mots.A.se sont ditB.se sont ditsC. se sont ditesD. se sont dite16.Je n’ai pas pu à sa proposition, et j’y suis allé avec lui.A.résisterB. refuserC. lutterD. vaincre17.Beijing est 130 km Tianjin.A.à ; àB. à ; deC. de ; àD. de ... de18.En fran?ais, 1 200 s’écrit .A.un mille deux centB. mille deux centC. un mille deux centsD. mille deux cents19.Le petit Jean prie ses parents lui donner de l’argent de poche.A.à ; deB. à ; àD. / ; à20.Elle habit e près.A.toutB. touteC. tousD. toutes21.Il vit dans la solitude, coupéreste du monde.A.leB. duC. auD. à22.Il essaie de se passer tabac.A.leB. duC. auD. des23.Tu sais la vérité ? Dis .A.-le-moi.B. -moi-la.C. -la-moi.D. -me-la.24.Elle a reportévous l’affenction qu’elle avait pour lui.A.àB. versC. surD. pour25.Ecrivez-moi au cas où il ne pas.A.venaitB. viendraitD. est venu26., ils feront du sport.A.TravailléB. Ayant travailléC. TravaillantD. Travaillants27.Il y a toujours des choses qui sont facile dire, mais difficile faire.A.de; deB. à ; deC. à ; àD. de ; à28.Le professeur fait chanter une chanson.A.leB. laC. lesD. me29.Le film a fini un happy ending.A.dansB. parC. aprèsD. pour30.Il faut travailler possible.A.le meilleurB. le mieuxC. bienD. mieuxIII.Mettez un pronom convenable entre les parenthèses : (10’ : 1*10)A la maison, un couple :- on va au cinéma, tu es prête, on 1 va ?- Ah non ! Ce n’est pas possible, j’ai oubliéde 2 3 dire, mais j’ai un autre rendez-vous.- Comment ?a ? mais on est d’accord pour ?a, tu 4 5 avais promis.- J’ai complètement oublié de 6 7 parler, mais ce soir c’est l’anniversaire de maman et je veux d?ner avec maman .- Tu devais 8 9 prévenir au moins.- Ne 10 fache pas, chéri. On part ensemble ?- Et ben, d’accord.IV.Mettez un pronom re latif convenable, s’il y a lieu, avec une préposition convenable: (10’ : 1*10 )1.Je vais lui offrir cette veste 1 elle aime tant.2.J’ai connu Marie au club 2 je vais souvent.3.L’association 3 je fais partie s’occupe de cette sorte de chose.4.Mes parents veulent toujours tout savoir sur les copains 4 je sors, les gens __5 _je téléphone ou 6 je vais.5.Les machines __ 7__ ils se servent sont produites en Chine.6.Les chemins __ 8 __ il a fallu passer sont très étroits.7.V oici des difficultés __ 9 __ ils ne sont pas préparées.8.J’ai visité beaucoup de villes, __ 10 New York./doc/9316016947.html,plétez les verbes au temps et au mode convenables : (15’ : 1*15)1. Hier, elle 1 (entrer) dans un immeuble sans ascenseur. Sur la gauche, elle 2 (voir)un escalier. Elle le 3 (monter) jusqu’au 4eétage. Elle 4 (suivre) un couloir et 5 (s’arrêter) devant le numéro 501.2. Au Sud-Est, l’Italie et la Suisse 6 (séparer) d e la France par les Alpes.3. Demain on 7 (commencer) dès que vous 8 (arriver).4. Lundi dernier, si Marie 9 (partir) un peu plus t?t, elle 10 (ne pas manquer) le métro.5. Tous les gens veulent que leurs enfants 11 (être) plus heureux qu’eux. Mais àl’heur e actuelle, on pense généralement que l’avenir 12 (ne pas devenir) rose pour tout le monde. On a peur que les crises mondiales 13 (ne plus en finir) et que la dure concurrence internationale 14 (faire) beaucoup de mal au monde du travail. Les parents souha itent qu’on 15 (se comprendre) bien entre parents et enfants./doc/9316016947.html,compréhension écrite : (15’ : 1*15)Texte 1 :JardinsParis a peu d’espaces verts. Mais tu auras un grand plaisir de te promener dans le jardin des Plan tes, près de la gare d’Austerlitz, le jardin du Luxembourg, proche du boulevard Saint-Michel, le jardin des Tuilleries. Si tu te promènes à pied tu découvriras de nombreux petits jardins, on les appelle squares. Depuis ces dernières années, Paris a beaucou p investi dans l’environnement.Chaque année la fête des jardins de Paris t’invite àsortir et àvisiter les jardins. On organise beaucoup d’activités.Questions :1.D’après cet article, Paris a .A.peu d’espaces de couleurs multiples.B.peu de verdure.C.pe u d’espaces de construction écologique.D.peu de couleur verte.2.Paris a connu un essor pour l’environnement, parce que .A.Paris a détruit de vieilles maisons.B.Paris a beaucoup investi pour construire des jardins.C.Paris a diminué la circulation de voitures.D.Paris a trouvé une technologie de pointe.3.Le jardin du Luxembourg se trouve .A.en Belgique.B.loin du Quartier Latin.C.non loin du Boulevard Saint-Michel.D.près du jardin des Plantes.4.Qu’est-ce que c’est qu’une square à Paris?A.Un parc naturel.B.Une place.C.Un petit jardin.D.Un centre d’activités.5.D’après cet article, la presse semble êtreA.favorable à Paris.B.peu amicale à Paris.C.fachée contre Paris.D.indifférente envers Paris.Texte 2 :Les distractions d’AmpèreAmpère est connu par ses distractions. Elles sont restées célèbres. Un matin, en allant à son cours, il trouva sur sa route un petit caillou qui semblait intéressant. Il se baissa pour le ramasser et l’examina longuement. Tout à coup il pensa à son cours et sortit sa m ontre de sa poche, il vit qu’il allait être en retard, il accéléra son pas et jeta ce qu’il croyait être le caillou. Erreur de distractions ! Le caillou fut mis soigneusement dans sa pochealors que sa montre tomba dans la Seine.Questions :6.Ampère est .A.un écrivain.B.un professeur anglais.C.un homme politique.D.un physicien fran?ais.7.Il est .A.un distrait dans la vie quotidienne.B.un homme soigneux dans tous les domaines.C.un grand paresseux.D.un homme maladroit.8.Il ramassa un petit caillou sur la route de son cours .A.parce que ce caillou est un objet de grande valeur.B.parce qu’il est amateur de caillou.C.pour s’amuser.D.parce qu’il le trouvait intéressant.9.Il accéléra le pas et jeta le caillou .A.parce qu’il pensa à son cours tout à coup.B.parce qu’il voulait se promener en bateau sur la Seine.C.parce qu’il oublia sa montre chez lui.D.parce qu’il voulait être à l’heure au rendez-vous.10.Il jeta sa montre dans la Seine .A.parce qu’il voulait acheter une nouvelle montre.B.parce q ue sa montre était en panne.C.parce qu’il préférait le caillou.D.parce qu’il la croyait être le caillou.Texte 3 :Les fêtes en FranceLa France est un pays de tradition catholique, où lescérémonies religieuses ont eu une grande importance dans la vie s ociale. La plupart des fêtes sont d’origine chrétienne.Bien que la religion soit moins pratiquée aujourd’hui, les étapes de la vie sont encore marquées par le baptême, la première communion et le mariage. Le mariage civil à la mairie est le seul légal et doit précéder le mariage religieux s’il y en a un. Beaucoup de Fran?ais estiment encore que le mariage religieux est nécessaire pour donner àl’ événement sa solennitéet son caractère de fête. L’enterrement religieux reste également très fréquent.Certaines fêtes d’origine catholique, bien qu’elles aient en grande partie perdu leur caractère religieux, sont devenues des jours de congé légal. Ils permettent à la plupart des Fran?ais, comme les autres jours fériés, de prolonger les weekends. Et ils leur permet tent même de faire le pont, si le jour férié tombe un mardi ou un jeudi. Dans ce cas, en effet, il est rare qu’on travaille le lundi ou le vendredi, selon le cas.No?l est certainement la fête familiale à laquelle les Fran?ais restent le plus attachés. C’est l’occasion d’offrir des cadeaux à sa famille et à ses amis. Avec la société de consommation, ces cadeaux sont de plus en plus nombreux et de plus en plus couteux. Incités par la publicité, des foules de gens remplissent les magasins qui réalisent pendan t cette saison les plus grandes ventes de l’année.Questions :11. ? Bien que la religion soit moins pratiquée aujourrd’hui ... ?, dans cette phrase, ? pratiquer la religion ? veut dire :A. l’exercerB. en observer les ritesC. l’ établirD. l’opérer12. En france,A. on peut se marier à l’église ou à la mairie.B. on doit se marier seulement à la mairie.C. on doit se marier seulement à l’église.D. on doit se marier à la mairie, ensuite on peut se marier à l’ église.13. Les Fran?ais restent bien attachés au No?l,A. parce que c’est la fête familiale.B. parce qu’on peut se reposer un peu.C. parce qu’il y a le Père No?l.D. parce que c’est une fête religieuse.14. Indiquez la phrase qui n’est pas exprimée dans le texte :A. Les Fran?ais font le pont pour prolonger les weekends.B. Beaucoup de gens vont au magasin pour acheter des cadeaux à la fin de l’année.C. Un mariage à l’ église est souvent nécessaire pour la plupart des Fran?ais.D. Le divorce, que condamne le catholicisme, est légal en France depuis 1884.15. Parmi les fêtes suivantes, laquelle n’est pas une fête religieuse ?A. La Toussaint.B. Le 14 juillet.C. La Pentec?te.D. L’ascension.VII.Traduisez le passage suivant : (10’)Certaines fêtes d’origine catholique, bien qu’elles aient en grande partie perdu leur caractère religieux, sont devenues desjours de congé légal. Ils permettent à la plupart des Fran?ais, comme les autres jours fériés, de prolonger les weekends. Et ils leur permettent même de faire le pont, si le jour férié tombe un mard i ou un jeudi. Dans ce cas, en effet, il est rare qu’on travaille le lundi ou le vendredi, selon le cas.VIII. Thème : (15’ : 3*5)1.虽然我是学英语的，但我还是渴望有机会去法国呆上几年。