计算机基础英语翻译

计算机基础英语翻译Fundamentals of Computer：计算机基础

1. The Internet is made up of interconnected networks.

网络由相互连接的网络组成。

2. The software allows users to access the Internet.

该软件允许用户访问互联网。

3. The server is used to store and send information to clients. 服务器用于存储和向客户端发送信息。

计算机专业英语翻译参考

1.(P1) Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations, such as programming language theory, computational complexity theory, computer graphics and human-computer interaction. 计算机科学涉及信息和计算的理论基础，以及这些基础的实施和应用的实际技术，如编程语言理论，计算复杂性理论，计算机图形学和人机交互。 2.(P17) The most important piece of graphics hardware is the graphics card, which is the piece of equipment that renders out all images and sends them to a display. There are two types of graphics cards: integrated and dedicated. An integrated graphics card, usually by Intel for use in their computers, is bound to the motherboard and shares RAM (Random Access Memory) with the CPU, reducing the total amount of RAM available. This is undesirable for running programs and applications that use a large amount of video memory. A dedicated graphics card has its own RAM and Processor for generating its images, and does not slow down the computer. Dedicated graphics cards also have higher performance than integrated graphics cards. It is possible to have both dedicated and integrated graphics card, however once a dedicated graphics card is installed, the integrated card will no longer function until the dedicated card is removed. 最重要的一块图形硬件是显卡，是一件呈现出所有的图像，并将它们发送到一个显示器的设备。有两种类型的显卡：集成和专用。集成的显卡，通常由英特尔在他们的计算机上使用，被绑定到主板并且与中央处理器共享内存（随机存取存储器），减少了可用的内存总量。这对于使用大量视频内存的程序和应用来说是不可取的。专用显卡有它自己的内存和处理器，用于生成它的图像，并且不会减慢计算机的速度。专用显卡也比集成显卡有更高的性能。有可能既有专门的也有集成的显卡，但是，一旦安装了专用显卡，集成显卡将不再起作用，直到专用显卡被移除。 3.(P18) Channel I/O requires the use of instructions that are specifically designed to perform（执行）I/O operations. The I/O instructions address（处理）the channel or the channel and device; the channel asynchronously（异步的）accesses all other required addressing and control information. This is similar to DMA, but more flexible. I/O通道需要使用专门设计来执行I/O操作的指令。I/O指令处理通道或通道和设备；通道异步访问所有其他所需的寻址和控制信息。这是类似于DMA，但更灵活。 4.(P19) 调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备，它经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。 Modem is a device that converts analog（模拟）signals to digital signals or conversely（相反地）. It is often used to communicate between computers via（渠道）telephone lines. If the two modems can send data to each other, they use full-duplex mode; if only one modem can transmit data, they use half-duplex mode. 5.(P21) We many have defined our last generation of computer and begun the era of generationless computers. Even though computer manufacturers talk of “fifth” and “sixth” generation computers, this talk is more a marketing play than a reflection of reality. 我们已经定义了我们的上一代计算机，并且开始了计算机的无代时代。即使计算机制造商谈论的“第五”和“第六” 代电脑，这个说法比起现实的反映更像是一个营销游戏。 6.(P21) Although microprocessors are still technically considered to be hardware, portions of their function are also associated with computer software. Since microprocessors have both hardware and software aspects they are therefore often referred to as firmware. 虽然微处理器仍然在技术上被认为是硬件，它们的部分功能也与计算机软件有联系。因为微处理器有硬件和软件两个方面，因此，他们往往被称为固件。 7.(P22) Electronic hardware consists of interconnected（互联的）electronic components（元件/组件）which perform analog or logic operations on received and locally stored information to produce as output or store resulting new information or to provide control for output actuator mechanisms（机制）. Electronic hardware can range from individual chips/circuits to distributed information processing systems. Well-designed electronic hardware is composed of functional modules which inter-communicate via precisely

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与计算机相关的英语词汇汇总计算机基础知识 computer n.电脑，电子计算机arithmetic logic unit 算术逻辑部件manipulate vt.操纵，操作keyboard n.键盘 information n.消息，知识printer n.打印机 hand-hold a.使携，手拿的 skitter n.磁盘 calculator n.计算器 statistical a统计的 system n.系统，体系 joystick n.游戏棒，操纵杆scientific a.科学的，系统的software n.软件 electronic a.电子的 category n.种类 machinery a.机器，机关，simulate n.模拟，模仿equipment n.装备，设备 handle vt.控制

dull a.单调的，呆滞的interpret vt.解释network n.网络feedback n.反馈 circuit n.电路，一圈，巡回instrument n.工具switch n.开关，电闸manufacture vt.制造level n.水平，标准 CAD 计算机辅助设计status n.状态 engineer n.工程师binary a.二进位的 draft n.草稿 store vt.储存，储藏graphics n.图形process n.程序，过程video n.影像 character n.字符 robotic a./n机器人学sound n.声音automation n.自动化

image n.影像，图像 word processing 字处理programme n.程序，计划text n.文衣 logic inference 逻辑推理communication n.通讯 aid vt.帮助，援助electronic-mail 电子邮件instruction n.指令teleconferencing 电话会议convert vt.转变telccommunicating 远程通讯originality n.创造力database n.数据库 operate vt.操作，运转 CAI 计算机辅助教学 ENIAC 电子数值积分计算机transistor n.晶体管 vacuum 真空 DOS 磁盘操作系统 resistor n.电阻器 RAM 随机存取存储器

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UNIT 1 application software 应用软件 basic application 基础程序communication device 通讯设备compact disc（CD) 高密度磁盘computer competency 计算机能力desktop computer 台式机 device driver 设备驱动程序r digital versatile disc（DVD) 数字化通用磁盘digital video disc（DVD) 数字视频光盘end user 终端用户 floppy disc 软盘 handheld computer 手持式计算机hard disc 硬盘highdefinition（hidef）高清晰度information system 信息系统information technology 信息技术 input device 输入设备mainframe computer 大型机midrange computer 中型机notebook computer 笔记本电脑operating system 操作系统 output device 输出设备 optical disc 光盘（CD和DVD 的统称） palm computer 掌上电脑personal digital assistant（PDA）个人数字助理presentation file 演示文档（PPT）primary storage 主存储器random access memory（RAM）随机存取存储器secondary storage 次级存储specialized application 专业计算机应用system software 系统软件system unit 系统处理单元tablet PC 平板电脑wireless revolution 无线革命worksheet file 工作表文件 UNIT 2 Advanced Reasearch Project Agency Network （ARPANET）阿帕网auction house site 拍卖行网站business-to-business（B2B）企业对企业的电子商务模式 business-to-consumer(B2C) 企业对消费者的电子商务模式 Center for European Nuclear Research(CERN) 欧洲原子能研究中心（注意是CERN而非CENR） computer virus 计算机病毒consumer-to-consumer 消费者对消费者的电子商务模式 digital cash 数字现金directory search 目录检索domain name 域名 electronic commerce 电子商务electronic mail 电子邮件 file transfer protocol(FTP) 文件传输协议Hypertext Markup Language(HTML) 超文本标记语言instant messaging(IM) 即时通讯Internet security 网络安全Internet service provider(ISP) 互联网服务提供商 Keyword search 关键字检索metasearch engine 元搜索引擎national service provider 国家级服务提供商online banking 网上银行online shopping 网上购物online stock trading 网上炒股person-to-person auction site 人与人的拍卖网站 plug-in 插件程序search engine 搜索引擎search service 搜索服务signature line 签名档 social networking 社交网络 spam blocker 垃圾邮件拦截器specialized search engine 专用搜索引擎top-level domain(TLD) 顶级域名uniform resource location(URL) 统一资源定位器universal instant messenger 环球即时通讯Web auction 网上拍卖 Web-based application 基于Web应用Web-based services 基于Web服务

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34. Contiguous 接触着的，邻近的 35. Continue 继续 36. Conventional 常规，传统的 37. Convert 转换 38. Copy 复制，拷贝 39. Corporation 公司，市政府 40. Current 现时的，当前的，电流 41. Cursor 光标，游标 42. Custom 风俗习惯;海关 43. Cyber 电脑的恶，网络的 44. Datum 数据，资料(复数:Data) 45. Default 缺省，违约，弃权，默认值 46. Description 描述，描写，表达 47. Desktop 台式的，桌面的 48. Detail 细节，详述，派遣 49. Detect 发现，察觉 50. Device 设备，策略 51. Diagnosis 诊断 52. Diagnostic 诊断程序，用于诊断的 53. Disabled 残疾的，不可用的 54. Diskette 磁盘 55. Distribution 发布，分散 56. DLL 动态链接库 57. Dock 坞站，码头 58. Documents 文件，文档，用文件证明 59. Download 下载 60. Drive 驱动器 61. Edit 编辑 62. Electronic 电子的 63. Enabled 能够行 64. Enter 进入，键入 65. Environment 环境 66. Error 错误，过失

计算机专业英语的课文与翻译

Unit 8 Computer Networking Text 1 Data Communications The end equipment can be computers, printers, keyboards, CRTs, and so on.They are either generates the digital information for transmission or uses the received digital data. This equipment generally operates digital information internally in word units. DTE is data terminal equipment. A station controller (STACO)is the corresponding unit at the secondaries. At one time, the DTE was the last piece of equipment that belonged to the subscriber in a data link system. Between the DTEs, first is the modem, and then is the communications equipment. The communication equipment is owned and maintained by Telco. Data communications equipment (DCE) accepts the serial data stream from the DTE. And DCE converts it to some form of analog signal suitable for transmission on voice-grade lines. At the receive end, the DCE performs the reverse function. It converts the received analog signal to a serial digital data stream. The simplest form of DCE is a modem (modulator/demodulator) or data set. At the transmit end, the modem can be considered a form of digital-to-analog converter.While at the receive end, it can be considered a form of analog-to-digital converter. 参考译文数据通信终端设备可以是计算机、打印机、键盘、CRT等。它们可以生成要发送的数字信息，也可以使用所接收的数字数据。这种设备通常在内部以字为单位处理数字信息。 DTE一般称为数据终端设备。辅助设备一方的相应设备是工作站控制器（STACO）。同时，DTE也是数据链路系统中属于用户端的最后一个设备。在两个DTE之间，先是调制解调器，接着是属于Telco电话公司维护的通信设备。数据通信设备（DCE）从DTE接收串行数据流，并将其转换成适合于在语音线路上发送的某种模拟信号形式。在接收端，DCE完成相反的功能，把接收到的模拟信号转换成串行数字数据流。最简单的DCE是调制解调器或数据传送机。在发送端，调制解调器可以视为一种数/模转换器，而在接收端则可视为一种模／数转换器。 Text 2 Architecture of Computer Networks Computer network is a complex unit, it consists of two or more connected computing units. It is used for the purpose of data communication and resource sharing. Design of a network and its logical structure should comply with a set of design principles. They include: the organization of functions, the description of data formats and procedure. In the following two sections we will discuss two important network architectures, the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP reference model. (1)the OSI reference model The OSI (open systems interconnection) model was created by the ISO. This model is a foundation for comparing protocols; However, more protocols deviate from the rules set up by the OSI model. The OSI model has seven layers. Note that the OSI model itself is not a network architecture.It just tells what each layer should do. However, ISO has also produced standards for all the layers. Each one has been published as a separate international standard. (2)the TCP/IP reference model