政府工作报告英文版学习笔记
政府工作报告英译精解笔记:长句汉译英拆分

政府工作报告英译精解笔记:长句汉译英拆分By Catexam长句在政府公文中非常常见,甚至可以说几乎每篇公文都有一些冗长复杂的句子。
在翻译这些句子时,往往需要将其打成几个部分,按逻辑结构一一翻译,其中主要的逻辑结构是总分、因果、背景、目的、措施等总分、因果、背景、目的、措施等。
以下是2014政府工作报告中的例子。
英文来源为新华社发布的政府工作报告英文版,受新闻工作时效性限制,此版译文并非完美,但还是可以作为参考。
面对世界经济复苏艰难、国内经济下行压力加大、自然灾害频发、多重矛盾交织的复杂形势,全国各族人民在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央领导下,从容应对挑战,奋力攻坚克难,圆满实现全年经济社会发展主要预期目标,改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得令人瞩目的重大成就。
① We faced a complex environment: the world economic recovery was difficult. In China, downward pressure on the economy increased, natural disasters occurred frequently, and there was an array of interrelated problems.② However, the people of all of China’s ethnic groups, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, confidently met all challenges, strove to overcome difficulties, fully attained the main targets for economic and social development for the year, and made impressive achievements in reform and opening up and in the socialist modernization drive.行动。
政府工作报告英文版

China suffered from a disastrous SARS outbreak last spring. The Party Central Committee and the State Council gave top priority to protecting people's health and lives and promptly investigated SARS and took steps to prevent and treat it. We enforced the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Communicable Diseases, formulated the Regulations on Public Health Emergency Response, and classified SARS as a communicable disease. We reported the facts of the SARS situation exactly as they were and mobilized the general public throughout the country to control the outbreak. 英文汇报 政府工作报告英文版
2009-03-24 10:32 来源:互联网作者:佚名 [打印] [评论]
XX年政府工作报告双语划重点

XX年政府工作报告双语划重点以下为大家梳理《政府工作报告》(Report on the Work of the Government)中的重点。
下面是整理XX年政府工作报告双语划重点的详细内容,欢迎阅读!回顾XX李克强总理表示,过去一年,我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战,但我国经济社会发展主要目标任务圆满完成,“十三五”(the 13th FiveYear Plan)实现了良好开局。
主要完成的工作包括:❶国内生产总值(GDP)达到万亿元,增长%,名列世界前茅;GDP reached trillion yuan, representing growth, and seeing China outpace most other economies.❷城镇登记失业率%,为多年来最低;The registered urban unemployment rate stood at percent at yearend XX, the lowest level in years.❸降低企业税负5700多亿元,所有行业实现税负只减不增;The tax burden of business for the year was slashed by over 570 billion yuan and tax burdenswere reduced in every sector.❹新设7个自贸试验区;Another seven pilot zones were established.❺ 74个重点城市细颗粒物()年均浓度下降%。
We saw a drop in the annual average density of fine particulate matter () in 74 key cities.这个3分钟的小视频全面总结了XX年32项主要指标任务的完成情况,点击视频,一起来看国务院的XX年“对账单”。
2021年政府工作报告(7)|翻译重点及短语归纳解析

2021年政府工作报告(7)|翻译重点及短语归纳解析稳健的货币政策要灵活精准、合理适度。
/把服务实体经济放到更加突出的位置,处理好恢复经济与防范风险的关系。
/货币供应量和社会融资规模增速与名义经济增速基本匹配,保持流动性合理充裕,保持宏观杠杆率基本稳定。
/保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。
We will keep our prudent monetary policy flexible and targeted and at a reasonable and appropriate level. We will give even greater priority to serving the real economy, and balance the needs of promoting economic recovery and preventing risks. We will see that increases in money supply and aggregate financing are generally in step with economic growth in nominal terms, maintain a proper and adequate level of liquidity supply, and keep the macro leverage ratio generally stable. We will also keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.翻译重点1.无主句处理(We will do sth/see that…)2.“合理”一词三译:“reasonable, proper, adaptive”3.“基本”除了“basic/basically”呢?---“generally”4.学习“keep sth adj/介宾”结构用法短语归纳及解析1.灵活精准、合理适度 keep sth flexible and targeted and at a reasonable and appropriate level2. 把…放到更加突出的位置give even greater priority to …翻译技巧“具体转宏观”:“把…放在更加突出位置”=“让…更加显眼”=“更加重视…或重中之重”3.处理好做A和做B的关系 balance the needs of doing A and doing B (“处理好”=“平衡”)注:对等转换为“平衡做A的必要性和做B的必要性”4.A和B基本匹配 A is generally in step with B注:in step with 与…协调;与…保持一致5.增速 increase/growth6.融资规模aggregate financing (融资总量); 货币供应量money supply7.名义经济增速 economic growth in nominal terms8.保持流动性合理充裕 maintain a proper and adequate level of liquidity supply注:“合理proper”避免与“reasonable”;“流动性”是指“流动资产量”9.宏观杠杆率 macro leverage ratio10.保持…基本稳定 keep sth generally stable11.在合理均衡水平上 at an adaptive, balanced level注:“合理”译为“adaptive适应的;有适应能力的”可以避免与上一个“合理reasonable”重复。
汉英翻译技巧小结|2021年政府工作报告双语(3)

汉英翻译技巧小结|2021年政府工作报告双语(3)翻译自测大家先试着自己翻译,然后再通过政工报告学习官方译文的处理思路。
1.我国发展仍面临不少风险挑战2.经济长期向好的基本面3.没有改变4.恢复性增长基础5.经济社会持续健康发展6.预期目标7.城镇调查失业率8.进出口量稳质升9.国际收支基本平衡10.居民收入稳步增长11.考虑了经济运行恢复情况12.目标设定为…13.集中精力做…14.与…平稳衔接15.有利于实现可持续健康发展今年我国发展仍面临不少风险挑战,但经济长期向好的基本面没有改变。
/我们要坚定信心,攻坚克难,巩固恢复性增长基础,努力保持经济社会持续健康发展。
In 2021, China will continue to face many development risks and challenges, but the economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth remain unchanged. We should stay confident, meet challenges head-on, and consolidate the foundation for economic recovery to ensure sustained and healthy economic and social development.翻译技巧小结1.副词转动词;名词变定语“我国发展仍面临不少风险挑战”可译为“China will still face many…in its development”,但官方译文的处理更巧妙,将副词“仍”处理为动词“continue”;“发展”处理为“风险挑战”的定语,即“发展方面的风险挑战”。
2.同义转换“攻坚克难”中的“攻坚”和“克难”是一个意思,我们一般会译为“overcome obstacles/surmount difficulties”。
2022年政府工作报告(7)|翻译解析及短语归纳

2022年政府工作报告(7)|翻译解析及短语归纳今年工作要坚持稳字当头、稳中求进。
面对新的下行压力,要把稳增长放在更加突出的位置。
各地区各部门要切实担负起稳定经济的责任,积极推出有利于经济稳定的政策。
要统筹稳增长、调结构、推改革,加快转变发展方式,不搞粗放型发展。
坚持实事求是,立足社会主义初级阶段基本国情,着力办好自己的事,尊重发展规律、客观实际和群众需求,因地制宜创造性开展工作,把各方面干事创业积极性充分调动起来。
In our work this year, we must make economic stability our top priority and pursue progress while ensuring stability. In the face of new downward pressure, the task of ensuring stable growth needs to occupy an even more prominent position. All localities and government departments should fulfill their responsibilities for maintaining stable macroeconomic performance by proactively introducing pro-stability policies. We should take coordinated moves to keep growth stable, promote structural adjustment, and carry out reform. We should work faster to transform the growth model, and say no to an extensive development model. We should follow a fact-based approach, and bear in mind the fundamental dimension of China’s national context, that is, it is still in the primary stage of socialism. We should manage our own affairs well, and respect the laws of development, the reality on the ground, and the needs of the people. We should work in creative ways in light of actual conditions and motivate all stakeholders to pursue development endeavors.翻译解析及短语归纳本段属于宏观层面的方针原则,官方均用增主句“wemust/should…”结构处理。
英文版2016年政府工作报告学习笔记

—强化创新引领作用,为发展注入强大动力。
创新是引领发展的第一动力,必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置,深入实施创新驱动发展战略。
启动一批新的国家重大科技项目,建设一批高水平的国家科学中心和技术创新中心,培育壮大一批有国际竞争力的创新型领军企业,建设一批全面创新改革试验区。
持续推动大众创业、万众创新。
促进大数据、云计算、物联网广泛应用。
加快建设质量强国、制造强国、知识产权强国。
到2020年,力争在基础研究、应用研究和战略前沿领域取得重大突破,全社会研发经费投入强度达到2.5%,科技进步对经济增长的贡献率达到60%,迈进创新型国家和人才强国行列。
-- We should ensure that innovation better drives and energizes development.Innovation is the primary driving force for development and must occupy a central place in China's development strategy, which is why we must implement a strategy of innovation-driven development. We should launch new national science and technology programs, build first-class national science centers and technological innovation hubs, help develop internationally competitive high-innovation enterprises, and establish pilot reform zones for all-round innovation. We should make consistent efforts to encourage the public to start businesses and make innovations. We should promote the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things. We need to move faster to transform Chinainto a manufacturer of advanced and quality products and a country that is strong on intellectual property rights. We should strive to achieve major breakthroughs in basic research, applied research, and research in strategic and frontier fields by 2020. China's investment in researchand development is expected to reach 2.5% of GDP, and the contributionof scientific and technological advances toward economic growth should come to reach 60%. Fulfilling these objectives will turn China into an innovative and talent-rich country.——推进新型城镇化和农业现代化,促进城乡区域协调发展。
2022年政府工作报告(10)翻译解析及短语归纳

2022年政府工作报告(10)翻译解析及短语归纳今年安排中央本级支出增长3.9%,其中中央部门支出继续负增长。
中央对地方转移支付增加约1.5万亿元、规模近9.8万亿元,增长18%、为多年来最大增幅。
中央财政将更多资金纳入直达范围,省级财政也要加大对市县的支持,务必使基层落实惠企利民政策更有能力、更有动力。
This year, central government expenditureswill rise by 3.9 percent, but the budgetary spending of central governmentdepartments will continue to registernegative growth. Central governmenttransfer payments to local governments willcome to close to 9.8 trillion yuan. This figure represents a growth of 18 percent, or around1.5 trillion yuan, and is the largest increase in recent years. The central government willplace more budgetary funds under the mechanism for direct allocation toprefecture- and county-level governments,and provincial-level governments shouldalso provide additional fiscal support tothese levels. It is imperative that local governments are both able and motivated tocarry out policies that will benefit businessesand people.翻译解析及短语归纳1. 今年安排中央本级支出增长3.9%,其中中央部门支出继续负增长。
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(03)经济结构有新的优化,粮食产量达到1. 21 万亿斤,消费对经济增长的贡献率上升3 个百分点,达到51. 2%,服务业增加值比重由46.9%提高到48.2% ,新产业、新业态、新商业模式不断涌现。
The economic structure was upgraded. Grain output reached 605 million metric tons; the contribution of consumption toward economic growth rose by three percentage points to 51.2%; the value added of the service sector increased from 46.9% to 48.2% of the GDP; and there was a constant stream of new industries, new types of business, and new business models.结构优化,一般动词都是upgrade,比较固定。
“斤”这类单位,有时候是要做折算,一斤就是半公斤。
公吨的问题需要注意,下面是百度百科的解释,比较复杂,不要绕晕:简单地说,公吨是tonne 或者metric ton,其缩写为mts(经常在邮件往来中使用),吨是ton。
1公吨(tonne, metric ton)= 1000公斤1吨(ton)= 1016公斤(英制单位)或907.2公斤(美制单位)。
公吨是公制的单位,在英文中原本的表达法为tonne 或者metric ton。
由于用公吨的人太多,人都喜欢偷懒,故常把metric ton缩略为ton。
国外客户说ton的时候,有可能是指metric ton。
我们中国人说吨,其实指的都是公吨,因为中国采用公制。
(我们说1吨等于1000公斤,也证明了我们所说的吨,其实是公吨。
)吨(原本意义上的吨)是英制单位,英文中是ton。
英国和美国对ton的定义不同。
在英国1 ton等于1016公斤,因此英国的吨又成为long ton(长吨);在美国1 ton等于907公斤,因此美国的吨又成为short ton(短吨)。
词典里的解释大概也是这样:比如柯林斯词典:A ton is the same as a or , which is 1,000 kilograms. 吨[英国英语]陆谷孙词典第一条也说:ton,吨,公吨= metric ton,不过,也出了“长吨”这个解释= long ton。
所以结论是,ton 有两种解释,容易混淆。
metric ton则只有一个意思。
但有一点可以明确:公文里讲的吨,就是公吨,译为metric ton 一点问题没有。
亩比较特殊,mu, a unit of area (=0.0667 hectares),换算也麻烦。
有时候是直接音译,例如《新英汉大辞典》:他们平整土地5000亩They levelled 5000 mu of land。
不过,政府工作报告是换算后翻译的。
例如“增加深松土地2 亿亩”improve the subsoil of 13.3 million hectares of cropland。
所以,这个0.0667还是得记住。
从音译到意译,也是一种策略转变,因为这是一种更便于读者理解的办法。
“消费对经济增长的贡献率”译成了“the contribution of consumption toward economic growth”,注意这里“率”字没有直接翻译出来。
比率问题的处理值得注意,rate之类的自然不用说,其他的还有:赤字率从去年的2.1%提高到2.3%the deficit to GDP ratio will rise from last year’s 2.1% to 2.3%后面一句的比重,其实还是比率问题:比重由46.9%提高到48.2%increase from 46.9% to 48.2% of the GDP这里还是不直接硬体现比重,而是化到句子里,更显得简洁。
下一段还有,方法是一样的支出与国内生产总值之比超过2%Spending accounted for more than 2% of the GDP新业态new types of business,Of 用法之一:用前面的名词形容后面的名词,例如a mountain of a wave 山一般的巨浪(巨浪是核心)New type of urbanization 新型城镇化建设(城镇化建设是核心)中西部地区经济增速快于东部地区。
发展质量有新的提升,一般公共预算收入增长8.6%,研究与试验发展经费支出与国内生产总值之比超过2%,能耗强度下降4.8%,是近年来最大降幅。
The central and western regions grew faster in economic terms than the eastern region. The quality of development was raised. Revenue in the general public budgets grew by 8.6%. Research and development spending accounted for more than 2% of the GDP. Energy intensity was cut by 4.8%, the biggest reduction made in recent years.经济增速,译法和之前“中国的发展”类似,舍弃所有格,改用in economic terms,说明偏正短语(••••的••••)翻译一定要灵活。
后面的“一般公共预算收入”亦同此理:Revenue in the general public budgets支出,可以记住常用的译法spending,并不总是都要用expenses; expenditure; outlay; disbursement,appropriation,因为同样是花钱,国家花钱和个人花钱不一样,不同用途的钱也可以有不同的说法。
其他表达还有国防支出expenditure on national defense;行政管理支出administrative expenditure;追加支出supplementary expenditure支出赤字deficit spending支出账户account of payment支出预算appropriation budget(04)人民生活有新的改善,全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长8%,快于经济增长;农村居民人均可支配收入实际增长9.2%,快于城镇居民收入增长;People’s lives were improved. Per capita disposable personal income increased by 8% in real terms nationwide, growing faster than the economy, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents grew by 9.2%, outpacing that of those living in urban areas.①“新的改善”,和笔记(03)中的“经济结构有新的优化The economic structure was upgraded”大同小异,新,并没有直接体现在字面上。
②per capita 源自拉丁文by heads的意思,表示人均,例如per capita income 人均收入。
有意思的是capita 可以表示(牲畜的) 总(头)数,所以•••••Capita 看上去好像缺了点儿什么,我们更熟悉的是capital,首都,其实这个词和头也是难解难分,比如死刑“capital punishment”capital 还可表示first and foremost; principal:“第一位的和首要的;最主要的”,这就像人的头一样。
例如a decision of capital importance. 一个头等重要的决定可支配收入是disposable income,这个词组也表示税后收入。
经济学上,可支配收入就是拿到手的收入,即工资收入中扣除掉基本养老保险、基本医疗保险、失业保险、公积金、个人所得税等剩下的那部分。
大概意思就是,月底打到卡上的钱。
disposable 表示可自由处理的,也可以表示“一次性使用的”(如纸制尿布和皮下注射器),派生来源是dispose ,古法语表示“分开放置”。
③in real terms 表示实际,terms 是个很活的词,各种搭配也很多,一次也很难都记住,例如holiday terms 冠冕堂皇的言语; 好听的话; 奉承话in any term 无论如何, 在任何情况下in black and white terms 白纸黑字; 毫不含糊in flattering terms 用奉承的言词, 用过奖的话语in (good) set terms 用明确严密的话语; 用毫不含糊的言语in general terms 概括地, 笼统地in high terms 极力称赞in plain terms 简单说来, 坦白地说in practical terms 实际上④“快于经济增长”,用了growing faster than the economy,减少了主句动词量。
汉语爱用动词,一句话好几个不嫌多,而且用得越多,还显得越有气势,英语相反,很多“该用动词的地方”,往往用比较级、介词等化解掉,再就是这类非谓语、插入语。
⑤第二个快于,用的是outpace,表示跑得比…快, 追过; 发展快过; 胜过, 超过,例如The company has completely outpaced its rivals in the market,表示中国发展速度比其他国家快,也可以用这个词。
多元化的表达,需要对outpace 这类词非常熟悉,熟悉到看到汉语就能想起来用。
所以还是那句话,背单词很重要,背到活用的水平,对翻译会很有帮助。
类似的还有,让••••••相形见绌,也许用句子很复杂,其实pale 或dwarf 两个词都可以。
看上去的简洁,其实背后都是功底。
农村贫困人口减少1232万人;6600 多万农村人口饮水安全问题得到解决;出境旅游超过1 亿人次。
In rural areas, the number of people living in poverty was reduced by 12.32 million, and over 66 million more people gained access to safe drinking water. The number of outbound trips made by Chinese tourists exceeded 100 million.①这句的reduce by 可以注意下,by 表示幅度,不能省略。